I will solve the exam test history. Demonstration versions of the exam in history

Preparation for the exam and exam

Andreeva-Volobuev UMK line. History (10-11) (Do)

Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard

UMK line Kiselev-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)

Analysis of the exam in history 2017

How do you successfully pass the history exam? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names historical figures, to understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, to have a good idea of \u200b\u200bthe culture of our country at different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless set of names and dates, and those who chose history as an exam subject are perceived as "geeks - nerds."

In this article, I am not challenged to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and exciting the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the line of reasoning in solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become a must for surrender USE subject, the article will be useful to many students. So let's get started.

Before us is a demo version of the USE 2017, compiled by the FIPI. There are 25 tasks in it, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.

How to pass the exam and exam for 100 points: the secrets of teachers

Arrange in chronological order historical events... Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) Crimean War

2) the reform of Patriarch Nikon

3) fall Byzantine Empire

To solve this task, of course, we need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, or Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853-1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 g. As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.

Answer: 321.

Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Here again dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose to USE history, exactly. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147 BC, Caribbean crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962 g., Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 g. known to anyone, the Copper Riot under the "Quiet" king - 1662 g.

Answer: 2643.

Below is a list of terms. All of them except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.

1) free farmers; 2) ministries; 3) decembrists;
4) june third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) octobrists.

Find and write down serial numbers terms related to another historical period.

And here are the terms! Free farmers appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803 g., ministries almost at the same time - in 1802 g., Decembrists began to call participants in the December uprising 1825 g., the third June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without the consent of the Duma itself in 1907 g., justices of the peace appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864 g., and Octobrists were called members of the "Union of October 17" party, created in 1905 g. Accordingly, by the XIX century. does not include the June third coup and the Octobrists.

Answer

Write down the term in question.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.

As you know, the period from 1565 to 1572... in the reign of Ivan the Terrible is called oprichnina. Historians do not have an agreed position regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, but there are no special problems with describing it. Left in winter 1564 g. from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into "oprichnina" under the rule of the tsar and "zemshchina" under the control of the Boyar Duma.

Answer: Zemshchina.
Establish a correspondence between the processes (phenomena, events) and the facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this assignment, we need to compare fact and process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.

A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in XI century. Firstly, this is the first written code of laws in Russia (here is the formation), and, secondly, the Old Russian state existed until the beginning of fragmentation in XIII century.therefore, the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.

B) Reforms of the Chosen Rada were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 g., called the Council of Reconciliation.

C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on legality and declaring the main goal of achieving the good of the subjects, is firmly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convocation of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 g. it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was confident that correct and modern laws would help the country's rapid development.

D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees "On Peace" and "On Land", adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 g. after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain widespread popular support.

Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
AND)	“Courts, between which the Treaty of Paris was concluded ... together with other sovereigns and powers, allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and add to it as inseparable parts all other provisions of the Congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which in the following articles is supposed to have a different appointment, will forever join the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inextricably linked with Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for eternity. His Imperial Majesty intends to bestow, at his discretion, the internal structure of this state, which has to be under special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland. "
	“His royal majesty of Svejskoy yields to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Svejsk throne and kingdom of Svejsko Russian state the conquered provinces: Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanlandia and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg Lena, through his royal majesty of arms from the crown of Svejskoy, into a completely unassailable eternal confluence and property in this war. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications on this peaceful treatise, or earlier, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Sveisk ... the Grand Duchy of Finland ... "

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.

2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.

3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.

4) A contemporary of the signing of this agreement was A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin.

5) This agreement was signed as a result of the Northern War.

6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this treaty, in the early 1830s. there was a powerful uprising.

The first fragment is part of the addition to the Paris Treaty, which is mentioned in the text. The Paris Treaty was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 g.after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for the congress in Viennadecide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrew the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to come to terms with joining the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising happened already in 1830-1831 biennium

The second fragment is part of the Nystadt Peace Treaty, concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northernwar in 1721. This can be understood from the mention of Livonia, Estland and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.

Answer:

Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Select three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land

2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises

3) denationalization of heavy industry

4) the emergence of the credit and banking system and stock exchanges

5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade

6) introduction of concessions

NEP - the new economic policy was adopted at X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely deviate from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system and stock exchanges, concessions were recreated.

Answer: 246.
Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want.
A) ______________ the Big Three conference was held in 1943.

B) One of the first rams in the night air combat produced by the Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.

C) During Battle of Kursk the largest tank battle took place at ________________.

Missing items:

1) Yalta (Crimean)

2) N.F. Gastello

3) Prokhorovka station

4) Tehran

5) V.V. Talalikhin

6) junction Dubosekovo

It is difficult to suggest some kind of logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Allied Conference on anti-Hitler coalition in 1943 g. took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by the pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, and about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it is a sin not to know a school graduate.

Answer: 453.
Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge historical facts, fortunately, that they are quite famous. The Battle on the Ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning Livonian War there was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from Ivan the Terrible's disgrace to Lithuania. The closest ally of Peter I A.D. took part in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous red commanders M. Frunze.

Answer: 4356.
Read the flashback passage and write the author's name.
“I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred to:" Imagine my position, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ... " court of historians. My weakness affected, or maybe an inner worm was gnawing at me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, armaments belonged to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside the armed forces, the senior command personnel were notified of this.

The text must be read very carefully. The excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a "beacon". In this case, we are talking about the post-Stalinist period and the person who criticized Stalin while holding a very high office. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the name of the post he holds - First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the head of the country was called The Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU.

Answer: Khrushchev.
USE in social studies: analysis of assignments with a teacher
Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want.
Missing items:

1) adoption of the US Constitution

3) the civil war in England

4) ending Hundred Years War

5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire

8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia

9) M. Luther's speech with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany

In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of the dates of not only domestic but also foreign history is required. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and just indicate the age. XIX century. in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 g.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation and this is the XII century. ( 1113-1125). Accession of Pskov ( 1510 g.), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517 g.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And in late XVIII in. ( 1783 g.) the Russian Empire annexed Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US Constitution was adopted ( 1787 g.).

Answer: 862951.
Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was well aware that given the current situation and the actual leadership and direction of domestic policy by irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it would not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should collapse in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be dire for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov made a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov did not
pursuing any personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the conquests of the revolution, considered more decisive measures to be taken to ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.

Write to the table figures under which they are indicated.

1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.

2) The government referred to in the telegram was called the SNK.

5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.

6) General Kornilov's "decisive measures", which are indicated in the telegram, were not implemented.

A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and succinct text, so it is better to act by elimination, analyzing the proposed options.

1) - no, the described events took place in 1917 g. after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text speaks of the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).

2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 g. at the II Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov revolt" in August 1917 had not yet happened.

5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.

6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with the troops to Petrograd, were not implemented. It was stopped by the joint forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.

Answer: 346.

Methodological assistance to the history teacher

Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying the map, you need to carefully read its legend.

We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. This means that we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are indicated. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.

Answer: Batu.
Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram with the number "1".
We know that during Batu's first campaign against Russia, he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Russia. The capital, the city of Vladimir was taken by storm in 1238 BC It is he who is designated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.

Answer: Vladimir.
Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where during this campaign there was a republican form of government.
IN XIII century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. Number 2 on the map designates Novgorod.

Answer: Novgorod.
What judgments about the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter.

2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week.

3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.

4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.

5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded Russia from the southeast.

6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated in the diagram, is the founder of the state.

Working with judgments again.
1. - it is true that it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since they could not be afraid of thaw and use the frozen rivers as roads.
2. - it is wrong, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed by the Mughals "an evil city".
3. - incorrect, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to the Novgorod land, and Novgorod was able to pay off the defeat.
4. - wrong, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
5. - right, from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
6. - true, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.

A) "The Lay of Igor's Regiment" was written by an unknown author, and for some time it was considered falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsy in the XII century.

B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and rules of housekeeping, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on instructive Novgorod texts.

C) The painting "Boyarynya Morozova" was written by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.

D) The novel "And Quiet Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.

Answer: 4365.

Learning to work with atlases and contour maps on history

What judgments about this brand are correct? Choose two judgments from the five suggested. Write to the table figures under which they are indicated.
1) The military leader depicted on the stamp was repressed.

2) The military leader depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.

3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.

4) The military leader depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR by N.S. Khrushchev.

In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the correct judgments, without wasting time analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see an image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 g. The stamp also shows the date - 1963 g., relating to the period of the reign of NS Khrushchev.

Answer: 15.
Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that occurred during the life of the military leader depicted on the stamp? Write down in the answer two digits with which these coins are designated.

So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945 By this time Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of the Russian railways... The St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo road was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. The parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40, and accordingly he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.

Answer: 34.

From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference

“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states that the strategic course worked out by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country's slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended ...

The process of recovery of the country's economy began, its turn towards satisfying the urgent needs of people. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprise (Association), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation has been developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations on the basis of contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity, are entering life. There is a restructuring of organizational management structures aimed at creating favorable conditions for effective management of the primary links of the economy.

The work launched on the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Reforms in education and health care are underway. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the country's progress. Significant work has been carried out to rethink the modern realities of world development, renew and give dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering the life of Soviet society deeper and deeper, exerting an ever-increasing transforming effect on it. "

Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Enter your surname politician, who was the leader of the country during the period when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to read the text carefully. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: "self-financing", "Law on state enterprise", "cooperation", "individual labor activity" and, most importantly, "perestroika", allow to determine the period - this 1980 - years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "Restructuring".
What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? List any three directions.
We read carefully and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new management methods, 2) education and health care reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
What is the result of the implementation of the considered strategic course of the party? Drawing on historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Convulsive and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even in the party resolution called it “sliding towards crisis”, did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ending with the collapse of the USSR.

The reasons for this large-scale phenomenon, which in many ways changed the world, are still debated at different levels. This issue has a very strong political background. The attitude towards the collapse of the USSR is often the basis for the differences between modern political parties and movements. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.

1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.

2) Despite the declared monolithicity of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies ripened within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.

USE in history: we analyze assignments with a teacher

Many cities Ancient Rus emerged on the banks of rivers. Explain what the advantages of this city location were (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers have sprung up in many countries for similar reasons:

1) water is necessary for a person himself and for conducting a sedentary economy (watering plants, watering cattle);

2) rivers in Russia were of paramount importance for trade. No wonder, the main Russian cities were located on the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks."

3) the city, located on the bank of the river, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (from the others, strong walls will protect)
In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The internal policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

Write down your answer as follows.

Arguments in support:

Arguments in rebuttal:

The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of a Petersburg journalist late XIX in. began to be called the "period of counterreforms", with negative connotations, but even some Soviet historians, despite, in general, a negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive effect on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.

Arguments in support:
1. Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including on public funds, which positively influenced economic development countries.
2. The formation of labor legislation began, which facilitated the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
1. The city's “counter-reform” was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
2. The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:
The essay must:

- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the individuals you named in these events (phenomena, processes);

- indicate at least two causal relationships that characterize the reasons for the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;

- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.

In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning”, as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.

It is not without reason that the poet designated this era. The young emperor was full of ideas for reforming Russia in order to bring her living standards closer to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary, first of all, to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom... And, if even Laharpe, his educator with republican convictions, advised the tsar to restrict autocracy, the first step towards the abolition of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree "On free farmers". This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I to completely abolish serfdom as much as possible and the fear of indignation of the nobles, allowed the landowners to release the serfs free with land and for ransom. Despite the small number of peasants freed in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude to serfdom, and, in addition, some provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in the peasant reform of 1861.

The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand... The emperor in the first years of his reign had not yet abandoned the idea of \u200b\u200breforming the archaic Russian state structure... Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky hatched grandiose plans for transformation russian system governance: restrictions on autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, the creation of the State Council, uniting all branches of government, granting the entire population of civil rights, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the "high society", who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I, on the eve of the war of 1812, sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative ideas at this time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be realized, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but too late.

Preparation for the exam and exam

Secondary general education

UMK line I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze assignments with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-authorhistory textbooks , methodologist of the corporation "Russian textbook" *,teacher of the highest category: “In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the exam in history and social studies depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical assignments... Exactly disassembled tasks, not just completed ones. In this case, it is important to enter events, processes, phenomena national history into the context of general history, establishing links between various social phenomena and processes. "

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, work experience as a teacher for 5 years, graduate of the Faculty of History of the Moscow State Pedagogical University named after IN AND. Lenin, Ph.D. in History:“The unified state examination in history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 involve detailed answers. Let's take a look at the performance of these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can't count on luck. "

1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order the events related to the domestic and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) The proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire

It would be good to know the dates here: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such vivid events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again it is necessary to know the dates, at least to imagine - about the era of the rule of which politician in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Russia is firmly known by any schoolchild who passes the exam in history - 988. The decree "on free farmers" is also a chrestomatien - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence - 1988

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) the Communist Party; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will be required to know that SNK (advice people's commissars) - the first Soviet government. Its existence is more early period, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) is heard at the present time, which also does not correspond to the indicated period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince was in charge of management and court issues, commanded an army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about a mayor. In addition to the mayor in Novgorod, a tysyatsky was elected, the assistant to the mayor, he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, while the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

Couple First world War - Brusilov breakthrough obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, in music and literature lessons. The Battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment marked with a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

AND)“We grant this personal decree with our royal and paternal mercy to all who were formerly in the peasantry and in the citizenship of landowners to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruits kits, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of land, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without buying and without quitrent, and we release all the judges of the peasants and all the people, imposed taxes and burdens, who were previously executed from villains and city bribe-takers from the villains.

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their acquired or tribal peasants individually or as a whole village at will and at the same time approve a plot of land for them or a whole dacha, then having made conditions with them, which by mutual agreement are recognized as the best, has to submit them upon request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of Internal Affairs for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us to his will: then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at serfdom with a payment of legalized duties. ... The peasants and villages, who are released from the landowners under such conditions, if they do not wish to enter other states, can remain on their own lands as farmers and in themselves constitute a special state of free farmers. "

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is subject to the will of the landlords
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some of the duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was published by the leader of the popular uprising.

DISCUSSION

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Yemelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious when you look at the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment and the return of the old cross and beards. It is recruitment sets and capitation tax - innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free farmers" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to free the peasants with the land with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the listed events relate to the 18th century:

1) Borodino battle
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop Naval Battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are some pretty famous battles, let's remember them. The Battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop Naval Battle - Crimean War, 1853, The Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791.

Accordingly to XVIII century include: Gangut Naval Battle, Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and Battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which excelled in Stalingrad battle___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense of the Brest fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

The Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia of the XX century. much attention is paid, and especially significant battles are highlighted, which had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations in 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Moscow battle began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 was the first major successful offensive operation Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) Russia's development of Siberia and Of the Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
C) Northern War
D) economic reforms 1960s in the USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarov. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev is the commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the name that was missing three times in the text:

“The award of ___ the Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel“ Doctor Zhivago, ”hastily concealed by high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, in reality emphasizes the political side of the dirty play of reactionary circles ... Given ___'s political and moral downfall, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting the cold war, - the Presidium of the Board of the USSR JV, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the JV RSFSR and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow branch of the JV RSFSR deprive ___ of the title soviet writer, exclude him from the membership of the USSR JV ”.

In this task, the title of the novel will suggest the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the States General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of francs
7) X century.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of the Russian Truth

The difficulty of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

XI century. in the history of Russia - this is the creation of "Russian Truth".

The Battle of the Ice or the Battle on Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Rus - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also in the X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) and the first convocation of the States General in France (1302) took place.

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political basis of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and mandatory decisions of higher bodies for subordinate bodies. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with local initiative and creative activity, with the responsibility of each state body and official for the task entrusted to it. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its organs operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are brought up for public discussion, and also put up for a nationwide vote (referendum). Article b. The guiding and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party Soviet Union... The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people ... ".

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR by I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism implies that the decisions of the higher bodies are obligatory for the lower
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR has never been implemented during the entire history of the Soviet Union
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the Constitution of the USSR presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

In this excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR, there are several "beacons" that you need to pay attention to:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately suggests that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) mention of the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we sweep aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable because in st. 3 is quite clear about this written. 3) - does not fit, because the referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - it fits unambiguously. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not adopt a Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable because 6 tbsp. was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name the country that is Russia's adversary in the war, to which the diagram is dedicated:

Historical map assignments are often difficult. In this case, a map of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905 is presented. it is clear from the geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle indicated on the diagram with the number "1":

The number "1" marks the Battle of Mukden in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin was in command of the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is shaded and indicated on the diagram with the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushima naval battle.

16. What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city marked on the diagram with the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, marked on the diagram with the number "3", was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle marked on the diagram with the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 indicates the fortress city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stoessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable because the Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhdestvensky. 3) - suitable because the peace treaty was indeed signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) painting "Boyarynya Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument was created in the 16th century.
2) the cultural monument was created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

According to the generally accepted version, The Tale of Bygone Years belongs to the pen of the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting "Boyarynya Morozova" was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What are the correct judgments about this coin? Choose two judgments from the five suggested:

1) This coin was issued after the Cuban missile crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin is erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the USSR coat of arms depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, the anniversary of the victory in which the coin is dedicated, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Choosing the right judgments again. 1) - right, the Cuban missile crisis was in 1962 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. Here we can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Indicate photos showing buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):

First, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time of the opening of the monument "Motherland Calls!" In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

TASKS 20-25

From the emperor's manifesto

“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what burden and colic labor he was forced to endure solely for the welfare and benefit of his fatherland, leading Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but most of the world is not a false witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great the advantages of the proclaimed powers in the welfare of the human race are against countless peoples immersed in the depths of ignorance; that is why, at that time, samakraznost insisted on the Russian nobility, showing excellent signs of mercy to them, ordered them to enter military and civilian services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only in various liberal sciences, but also in many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although it was somewhat coerced at the beginning, but very useful, was followed by everyone who ruled the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, Empress Elizabeth political affairs and various sciences spread and multiplied ... We see with pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that countless benefits have followed, rudeness in the negligent about the common good has been exterminated, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence to service increased skillful and courageous generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it put competent and fit people, in one word to conclude, noble thoughts Rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots infinite loyalty and love to Us, great zeal and excellent jealousy to Our service, and therefore We do not find that need and, in compulsion to service, which until now was required ...

1) Everything that is in our various services, the nobles can continue this as long as they wish ... "

20. Please indicate the year this manifesto was issued. Identify the emperor who issued this manifesto. Please provide a title for this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifest. The text of the document refers to the exemption of nobles from compulsory service, established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility from 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that made Peter I oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be completed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the good of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “spread and multiplied various sciences” (she founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. So there is no need to force him to her.

22. List any three measures not covered in this manifesto that the author of the manifesto took during his reign:

Peter III rules not for long, about six months, he was killed by the guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but he managed to do something. First, he abolished the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he brought Russia out of the Seven Years War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many respects, incurred the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program for the transition of the USSR to a market economy was developed, which was called "500 days". Indicate any two directions of economic reform that were envisaged to be carried out within the framework of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The "500 days" program assumed the transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: \u200b\u200b1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish the centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected the program for fear of social outrage.

24. In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

DISCUSSION

Arguments in support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Kaganate, to whom the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He made the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of the tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kiev without cover, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods of Russian history:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812-December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928 The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This time from the expulsion of the French from russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 before the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out especially - the creation of the Holy Union in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars with the aim of preserving the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bear the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of the presence of expansion plans, for example, in the Balkans, which affected later during Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. Lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's disappointing defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with a way of life and methods of government that were very different from Russian realities. The officers dreamed of realizing the absence of serfdom and the relative economic well-being of the peasants in Russia. In their opinion, the autocratic government stood in the way of this, which stood firmly on the guard of serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, young officers hoped for her goodwill emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander had lost interest in reforms, the conspirators set a course for an armed uprising. Northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of conspirators, which assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a tremendous impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe country's well-being. Although there is a different opinion, formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right. "

* Since May 2017, the joint publishing group DROFA-VENTANA is a part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also includes the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, digital educational platform LECTA). Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments at the EKSMO-AST publishing holding.

Today the publishing corporation "Russian Textbook" has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for correctional school). The corporation's publishing houses own the most popular Russian schools sets of textbooks on physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and tutorials for primary schoolawarded the Presidential Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of scientific, technical and production potential of Russia.

The USE in history is another rather controversial subject. Most of the pigs on the exam can test the knowledge of certain facts. But what do the facts mean without the surrounding factors? A fact taken out of context is not knowledge from history, and this is what the USE evaluates. For this reason, the USE in history is undergoing many attacks. But while the knowledge of graduates is assessed by the Unified State Exam, it is necessary to prepare for it.

Ways to prepare for the exam in history

There are many ways to prepare a high school student for the history test. Classes at school will certainly have a positive effect on the bottom line, so you shouldn't neglect them. In addition, teachers are interested in the positive results of students, and do their best to train children to successfully graduate from school. But not all teachers can fully prepare their students for such a difficult test as a single state exam.

In such cases, it is worth resorting to the additional services of qualified teachers. One of the best solutions will be to send the child to, which will help the student prepare for a difficult exam and quickly teach him how to cope with the exam tasks

There are also tutors who will work with the child at home and prepare him for the exam. But it is difficult to check the qualifications of a tutor, and those whose level is beyond doubt cost a lot of money.

Self-preparation using online exam tests

If you do not have a lot of money to prepare your child for the exam, then you should think about independent preparation. The child can independently study history textbooks and encyclopedias. But such a large amount of information will only cause panic in the child. He will not know which of this he needs. Help with this will help online courses USE in history. The child will know what types of questions he will have on the exam and will sort the knowledge in his head. After training online, the exam is easier for the student to prepare for the exam at school. The more prepared you are for the exam, the less stress you will experience. Experts recommend taking the test exam on the Internet as often as possible in order to minimize the child's anxiety. In addition, on the educational portal Uchistut.ru you can pass trial exam unlimited number of times without registration or sending any SMS. It does online tests The exam on our website is one of the most convenient tools for self-preparation for the exam. A joint self-preparation with training in specialized courses will help to achieve maximum results in the shortest possible time.

All in One state exam history of 25 tasks. They are divided into two parts - 1 part of tasks with a short answer (1-19) and 2 part of tasks with a detailed answer (20-25). The answer to the tasks of the first part is a group of numbers, a word or a phrase. The answer to the tasks of the second part is a text (or several sentences) written by you. Remember that you can only appeal the points awarded for the tasks of the second part, because the first part checks the computer.

We would like to draw your attention to the fact that in the TC "Godograph" you can sign up for. We practice individual and collective classes for 3-4 people, we provide discounts for training. Our students score on average 30 points more!

Historical periods in the exam 2018

The assignments in the USE in history 2018 are divided depending on the competence being tested, as well as the historical period. There are three of the latter:

Antiquity and the Middle Ages (from the 7th to the end of the 17th century)
New history (from the end of the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century)
Recent history (from the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century) - about 40% of the assignments belong to this section.

Tasks 1-6 of the USE in history of 2018

Now let's take a closer look at the tasks of the first part.

Assignment number 1 in the exam in history 2018 Is a task to establish the correct chronological order of events. The answer to task 1 is a sequence of three numbers, where the first is the earliest event, from your point of view, and the third is the latest. Please note that in Task 1 one of the presented events always refers to the course of world history, so be sure to download a table of world history dates found in the exam, and try to learn them. Task number 1 is estimated at 1 point.

Assignment number 2 in the exam in history 2018 Is a task to establish correspondence between events and dates. The left column contains four events in the history of Russia, the right - six dates, two of which are superfluous. The answer to task 2 will be a sequence of four digits. Correctly completed task number 2 is estimated at 2 points. Moreover, if you make one mistake, you can get 1 point. Since task # 2 tests your knowledge of the main dates of Russian history, try to find or download such a list and gradually learn it.

Assignment number 3 in the exam in history 2018 - a task on the knowledge of historical concepts and terms. The assignment introduces six terms, four of which refer to one historical period and two to others. You need to find terms that fall out of the general list and write down the answer in the form of two numbers. Task number 3 is estimated at 2 points. A task completed with one mistake is worth 1 point.

Assignment number 4 in the exam in history 2018 - this task is also for the knowledge of historical terms, but unlike the third, it involves an answer in the form of a word or phrase. Task number 4 is estimated at 1 point.

Assignment number 5 in the exam in history 2018 - the task of establishing a correspondence, as a rule, between processes, phenomena or events and the facts associated with them. The task contains four processes and six facts, two of which are superfluous. The answer to task number 5 is a sequence of four digits. A correctly completed task is estimated at 2 points, with one error - at 1 point.

Assignment number 6 in the exam in history 2018 - this is also a task to establish correspondence, but here the work will be carried out with the historical text. You will be offered two text fragments and six characteristics to them. For each of the fragments, you need to pick up two correct characteristics (two of the six characteristics, as in tasks 2 and 5, are superfluous). The answer to task number 5 is a sequence of four numbers, if all are correct - 2 points. A task completed with one mistake is worth 1 point.

Tasks 7-12 of the exam in history of 2018

Assignment number 7 in the exam in history 2018 - multiple choice task, in which it is necessary to choose three (out of six proposed) correct characteristics of a period, phenomenon, politics, war, etc. The answer is a sequence of three numbers and this task is estimated at 2 points.

Assignment number 8 in the exam in history 2018entirely devoted to the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. In this task, as a rule, knowledge of dates (accurate to the month), geographical objects, special terms (names of operations, conferences), and personalities (war heroes, front commanders, etc.) is tested. The correct answer is estimated at 2 points. A task completed with one mistake is worth 1 point.

Assignment number 9 in the exam in history 2018 its structure resembles tasks 2 and 5. Only here knowledge of historical figures is tested. The scoring system is the same as in tasks 2 and 5.

Assignment number 10 in the exam in history 2018Is a task to analyze a text source dedicated to the events of the early XX - early XXI century. The answer to task 10 is the name of the figure, the name of the policy, period, historical term, etc. Estimated at 1 point.

Assignment number 11 in the exam in history 2018 is a table in which you need to enter the missing elements from the list below. As a rule, you need to correlate the date (century, period) with the events of the history of Russia and world history. Correctly completed task 11 is estimated at 3 points, with one error - 2 points, with two - 1 point.

Assignment number 12 in the exam in history 2018also contains a passage from the historical text, to which six statements are cited, three of which are correct. To solve 12 tasks, read the text carefully several times, because sometimes it directly contains hints. A correctly completed task is estimated at 2 points, with one error - 1 point.

Assignments for working with a historical map and images in the exam

Tasks 13, 14 and 15 in the exam in history 2018performed using a historical map or diagram. In the process of preparation, try to pay special attention to working with the map; for this, download from the Internet atlases on the history of Russia or a selection of maps and diagrams specifically for the exam in history. These quests usually ask for the name of the figure associated with the events on the map, geographic name (city, fortress, river, etc.) and, sometimes, time period. Tasks 13-15 are estimated at 1 point each.

Assignment number 16 in the exam in history 2018also linked to historical map and involves a choice from a list of judgments related to the events that the card is dedicated to. As in other multiple choice tasks, you need to write down the answer in the form of three consecutive numbers. Correctly completed task - 2 points, with one mistake - 1 point.

Assignment number 17 in the exam in history 2018tests knowledge of Russian culture. Here you need to correlate a cultural monument with its author / characteristics / time of origin, etc. To successfully complete this task, you need to master a huge layer of information about the culture of Russia, for this, download or buy special manuals on culture for the Unified State Exam. This will help you not to get lost in the variety of cultural monuments. Correctly completed task - 2 points, with one mistake - 1 point.

Assignments number 18-19 in the exam in history 2018 - work with a picture, stamp, photograph or other image. Often tasks 18 and 19 are associated with the culture of Russia. For their successful implementation, carefully consider each image, paying special attention to the inscriptions on the pictures, if any. They can often provide an answer to the question asked. Each of the tasks is estimated at 1 point.

Tasks with a detailed answer in the exam 2018

Part 2, tasks 20-25

Now let's move on to the tasks of part 2 i.e. parts with a detailed answer. Here are some helpful tips that we hope will help you get the most points for these tasks.

Assignments number 20, 21, 22 in the exam in history 2018(maximum 2 points each) related to the historical text at the beginning of part 2. Do not be lazy to read the text several times (preferably 3 times). The first time - make up a general impression of the text, try to determine the time when it was written. Then look at assignments 20-22. The second time - you read, paying special attention (or even highlighting with a pen) historical terms, names and surnames of figures, as well as any other elements that seemed important to you in the context questions asked... Then, on the third reading, highlight phrases or phrases, which you will then use when answering 21 tasks (it is almost always in the text).

In tasks number 23 and 24 in the exam in history 2018(maximum 3 and 4 points, respectively) write as detailed as possible. Do not be shy about your knowledge! In this case, common phrases should be avoided. Build each provision according to the argument / provision + fact confirming this argument.

It is passed only by those who independently made such a choice. Successful passing the exam history is necessary for admission to such popular specialties as law, linguistics, design, architecture and many others.

Read the general information about the exam before you begin preparation. The 2019 version of the KIM USE has not changed compared to the versions of the previous year. For the correct completion of tasks 3 and 8, they now give not 1, but 2 points each. For 25 tasks, the wording and assessment criteria have changed.

Assessment of the exam

The order of Rosobrnadzor has already appeared, which officially confirmed the compliance of primary and test scores in all subjects for 2019.

According to the order, in order to pass the USE in history at least for the top three, you need to score 9 primary points... To get them, it is enough to correctly complete the first 6 tasks or write good composition (No. 25), which, if all criteria are met, will give 11 points. For the top five, you need to score 39-55 primary points.

The structure of the exam

In 2019, the USE history test consists of two parts, including 25 items.

Part 1: 19 tasks (1–19) on choosing the correct answer, establishing correspondences, determining sequences or writing the correct answer (word, phrase, title, name, century, year, etc.);
Part 2: 6 tasks (20-25) with a detailed answer, in which you need to analyze this fragment historical source, historical problem, historical assessments and points of view; the last task is a historical essay that can be written on one of three periods of Russian history.

Preparation for the exam

Go through exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The presented tests are identical in complexity and structure to the real exams conducted in the corresponding years.

Download demo versions of the exam in history, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and take it easier. All proposed tests were developed and approved for preparation for the exam by the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI, all the official versions of the exam are being developed.

The tasks that you will see, most likely, will not be encountered in the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topic.

General USE figures

Year	Minimum USE score	Average score	Number of participants	Not passed,%	Qty 100-point	Duration exam time, min.
2009	30
2010	31	49,47	180 900	9	222	210
2011	30	51,2	129 354	9,4	208	210
2012	32	51,1	164 267	12,9	195	210
2013	32	54,8	164 219	11	500	210
2014	32	55,4				210
2015	32	45,3				210
2016	32					210
2017	32					210
2018