Why gerasim decided to get rid of the mumu. Why did Gerasim drown Mumu? Psychological analysis of the work of I.S.

Turgenev's most difficult story "Mumu" is given in grade 5. But none of the children can answer the question "Why did Gerasim drown Mumu?" What he could not take with him to the village, he ran away? Guys, it's very simple in fact. What does Mumu mean for Turgenev, what does Mumu mean for Gerasim? - This is the only word that he can say, this is all the best that is in his soul, all the good, all the happiness that he puts there. So, if you do not kill your "Mumu" you cannot become a free man. The first act of liberation is to kill everything human in yourself, it is to kill everything that you love, and if you killed it, then you are free. As long as Gerasim has Mumu, he cannot leave his lady, there is something that draws him to life ... The most complicated Turgenev thought, which you cannot explain to any child at school, and the senior pupils hardly understand, and I am not, in general, fully prepared for this thought. But to kill Mumu means to become free, this is the only way to become free, there is no other option !!!

To answer the question: "Why Gerasim drowned Mumu, and did not take her with him to the village", one must first understand the mentality of the people of that time, and consider the life of the hero himself. To modern man it is difficult to understand what unquestioning obedience is. Most often, modern society, dissatisfied with something, violently protests. No one has obedience: neither the children to their parents, nor the students to the teachers.


Why is serfdom better than slavery

Events unfolded during the time of serfdom. At that time, serfs not only did not have their own opinion, they were deprived of all rights, but they were perceived as a thing. These things could be sold. Of course, the serfs had more rights on the papers, but what could an illiterate people who worked in corvee from dawn to night know? What was required of the landowners was, when acquiring a serf, to provide him with a small plot of land and tools for cultivating it. Although in the legislation of that time, the landowners were prohibited from violence against the peasants, but this was practically never taken into account. And serfs were treated no better than livestock. There are many such examples in history. The lady Saltychikha is very striking, she tortured more than 100 souls of her serfs.
Likewise, the story "Mumu" presents a vivid example of a despotic and inhuman woman. She took pleasure in the suffering of others. What could amuse her, life was boring? But the feeling of superiority over the "wretched little people", the ability to decide their fate, that is what brought true pleasure.


What life was like for Gerasim

Reading the story, we understand that Gerasim was alone all his life. This huge fellow, although he was unloved, he never felt hatred for other people. Taking Gerasim to the city, he was deprived of the usual joys of rural life:

  • enjoy the awakening of nature in spring;
  • hear the ringing birdsong in the early morning;
  • feel the scent of freshly cut grass in late summer.

But in the city he was disappointed. First, his beloved was married. Maybe he understood that he and Tatyana were not destined to be, everyone was afraid of him, and this was noticeable. But the hope for family happiness still existed until it was destroyed by a wedding with the drunkard Kapiton.
With the death of his only friend, whom he had to drown himself, Gerasim lost all hope of happiness. And after that, he became indifferent to what would happen in the future: whether the mistress would leave him alone or punish him for disobedience. His pain from the loss was so strong that it drove him away from places that reminded Gerasim of his beloved and only friend. And as every person in difficult moments seeks consolation in his own home, so Gerasim went to where he was at least a little bit happy.

Discussion of the previous post unexpectedly revealed that the question in the title really excites the minds. As many as three quite adult users admitted quite emotionally that he is a thorn in their brains to this day since school time - while most of the other, once exciting topics such as "why the smoke rises up" or "how girls differ from boys" have long lost all relevance and interest.

As we can see, my inquisitive friend interrogated as many as six different teachers in childhood with addiction - but none could answer him a seemingly simple question. Obviously, not because they wanted to hide the truth from the corrosive schoolboy; most likely, they DIDN'T KNOW. They were not taught this in their pedagogical universities, and they themselves did not guess the answer. What for? There is no such question in the program.

Although he is even in the courtyard song - one of those that schoolchildren themselves sing to each other in the gateways. Remember - to the tune from "Generals of the Sand Quarries":

Why did Gerasim drown Mumu,
Why why? And why?
I'd rather go down myself ...
Why did Gerasim drown Mumu?

The presence in school folklore is a serious indicator. Lose-grade hooligans, sometimes not knowing / remembering practically nothing from the school curriculum, also react to this question - so they at least understand it! Even in their virgin memory, Mumu clings to something! Turgenev irritated him, unwillingly, childish fragile souls, you can’t say anything ...

Well, let's try to answer the question. Better, as they say, late than never.

First of all, the plot. I, by a sinful deed, have just re-read "Mumu" - probably for the first time since grade 5. I thought that I would have to rape myself - but no. It is amazingly easy to read, and such a magnificent prose that ... eh, but I digress. So, the plot in the most concise form. Gerasim - from birth a deaf-mute janitor of an old, absurd, surviving last years a Moscow lady whose “day, joyless and rainy, is long gone; but the evening was blacker than the night. " Gerasim, in a moment of the blackest despair, got himself a dog ... (By the way, what breed was Mumu, who knows? I think no one, but the all-knowing Vicki reports that Mumu was a spaniel). The deaf-mute janitor fell in love with Mumu with all his heart, but the absurd lady once orders to get rid of Mumu. The first time she is kidnapped and sold, but Mumu gnaws at the rope and returns to the inconsolable Gerasim. The second time Mumu is already ordered to kill, Gerasim himself undertakes to carry out this order. He drowns the dog in the Moskva River, and then, without permission, leaves the yard for his village (not so far from Moscow, 35 miles). The lady soon dies, for Gerasim's "escape" is not punished in any way.

Turgenev's descriptions of the dog are wildly touching. The reader, and especially a fifth-grader, unconditionally believes that Gerasim sees her as her only friend and truly loves her, and Mumu also adores her janitor. Why, why is he killing her ?? If he ended up running away anyway, why?

In fact, Gerasim's act explodes one of the key mythologemes underlying the Soviet, I’m not afraid of this word, worldview: about rebellion as a source of justice. After all, what were the Soviet pioneers taught from the October age? It is necessary, they say, that the oppressed should rise up against the exploiters - and then all the contradictions will be resolved, HAPPINESS will come. And Turgenev suddenly says - no, nifiga. Personal rebellion does not erase obedience programs. You can throw off the yoke of the exploiters and continue to carry out their own orders.

By the way, in the same place, in this piggy bank - Katerina from Ostrovsky's "Storm" (also school program). Katerina is killing, however, not Mumu, but herself - but even here it is time to ask "why?"; This is also a riot - which is what Dobrolyubov noticed and because of which he called Katerina "a ray of light in the dark kingdom." If Gerasim decided to rebel against the lady - why doesn't he take his beloved dog with him? If Katerina decided to rebel against her surroundings - why is she killing herself? What kind of rebellion is this - which does not liberate ??

The question is not at all idle for Soviet reality; it could have been asked to the "proletarians" who, according to the same Soviet sources, unanimously rebelled in 1917 against "exploitation and the yoke of capital" - however, starting in the late 1920s and for many decades after, they began to work in factories at such norms of exploitation that tsarist Russia at the beginning of the century never dreamed of: for rations, with a complete ban on strikes, with constantly reduced prices, with draconian punishments for lateness, irregular working hours and a ban on changing jobs at will ...

This is one answer.

Or maybe another one - for him we need to draw parallels from world literature. Gerasim killed the only living creature he loved. But, as Oscar Wilde will say some time after Turgenev, "We always kill those we love." In The Ballad of Reading Prison:

He loved that woman more than life,
He killed that woman.

This is fate, rock. Some kind of inaccuracy, inherent not even in human nature, but in the universe. Who in general said that the deaf-mute janitor treated the lady in the same way as we do - that is, as a disgusting, useless old woman? Perhaps she was for him, who had never heard the sounds of a human voice in his life, something like the earthly embodiment of impersonal Rock. He fulfilled her injunction - yes, cruel; Well, isn't it fair, isn't it cruel for him to be born without the gift of speech and hearing, as a living thing of some old woman?

And here we turn to the third possible answer - which, it is true, a Soviet schoolchild (and a Soviet teacher) could hardly have thought of at all ... but it was quite, even probably understood by Turgenev himself - since he certainly knew the Bible well.

Yes Yes. In "Mumu" one of the most famous biblical stories is embodied, moreover from the Old Testament - about Abraham and Isaac. Let me remind you: God commands the righteous Abraham to sacrifice his only and infinitely beloved son - Isaac. Abraham is old, his wife is too old, and he knows that he will not have any other children. Nevertheless, Abraham takes Isaac, the sacrificial paraphernalia and goes to the mountain to sacrifice his son.

All this collision is presented in the textbook work of Turgenev: in the role of Abraham - Gerasim, Isaac - this is Mumu, and the mistress represents for Gerasim precisely a god who requires a sacrifice. In any case, the degree of emotional attachment is hardly very different between Abraham and Gerasim.

Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism, in his famous essay about Abraham with the same desperate fervor and passion as our fifth-graders, struggles with the riddle: WHY is Abraham leading his son to the slaughter? For those who have not read it, I highly recommend reading this, one of the most famous philosophical works in history; Kierkegaard, I think, is why he became at the origins of the most powerful philosophical trend, that he retained the strength and energy of such a childish, naive bewilderment that arose in school, while reading the Bible, until maturity.

WHAT FOR?? After all, Abraham has nothing more dear and never will (and Gerasim, we note, has nothing dearer to Mum and never will). Kierkegaard, I remember, looks around in search of analogies world literature and he finds something similar in the Iliad: there the Achaean fleet gets stuck on the way to Troy, since an unfavorable wind blows all the time and the sea is restless; the whole campaign is under threat, and the priests report: they say, it was Poseidon who was angry and demands the daughter of Agamemnon as a sacrifice. Agamemnon, one of the leaders of the Greeks, is in terrible grief, but still sacrifices his daughter. The sea calms down and the Greeks continue their hike.

Here is a seemingly complete analogy! However, Kierkegaard immediately stopped short, and as a result, through these two examples, he draws the difference between social and existential heroism. Agamemnon sacrifices his adored daughter, and also at the request of God - but he does it within the framework of a DEAL, and with a clear purpose. For the sake of society! Donates the most expensive "for a friend". Agamemnon's sacrifice is terrible, majestic, terrible - but also understandable. The result is visible - the ships are on their way.

However, Abraham - and, note, Gerasim - is in a completely different position! The Higher Power does not promise them anything in return. It just demands obedience. Demands to give the most expensive for NOTHING.

As a result, we can quite say here that Turgenev, not much, not a little, formulates an alternative version of the Bible, at least one of the key biblical stories. He - long before any Bulgakov there - seems to be asking a question, conducting a thought experiment: what would have happened to Abraham if God had accepted his sacrifice (and not replaced, as follows from the sacred text, at the very last moment on the sacrificial altar Isaac on a lamb)? And Turgenev gives his answer: Abraham's hand would not have trembled, he would have killed his son ... But this would have ended Abraham's faith. He would "recoil from God" - as Gerasim left his mistress without looking back.

And, perhaps, soon after that, God would have died (as the lady died shortly after Gerasim's departure). However, this is Nietzsche ...

This is the third answer. But there is a fourth - I like it the most. And here, to begin with, it is necessary to stipulate the following: why does “Mumu” \u200b\u200bpass in the category of “children's literature” at all? What's in "Mumu" for children? To begin with, there is no such seemingly obligatory attribute of children's literature as a happy ending.

Mumu is quite tough, adult prose. Actually, who would ever have thought that the story of how a person kills his best and only friend in cold blood is “for children”?

There is one aspect that can be attributed to the "childish": namely, "Mumu" - this is also a story about the betrayal of the one who trusted. The strong and kind, instead of protecting, betrays and kills the weak and defenseless, and blindly trusting. “Finally Gerasim straightened up, hastily, with a kind of painful anger on his face, wrapped a rope around the bricks he had taken, attached a loop, put it on Mumu's neck, lifted her over the river, looked at her for the last time ... She trustingly and without fear looked at him and slightly wagged her tail. He turned away, closed his eyes and opened his hands ... "

I think that is why the yard songs are sung about "Mumu": this story really traumatizes the child's psyche. Because who is the child reading the story to associate with? - well, it is clear that not with Gerasim. And definitely not with the lady, who is generally perceived by a child as an evil witch from a fairy tale. The young reader associates himself with Mumu. And then the question that we are all discussing here sounds quite tragic: "Why did Gerasim kill ME?" For what? How so?? The main problem - for the child - is not even whether Gerasim loved or did not love the dog, about which we are rubbing this page; the child is worried about something else. Mumu loved him! How can you kill someone who loves you?

But because they ordered it.

Note: not because Gerasim was afraid of some kind of punishment in case of disobedience. This is not about punishment at all. Gerasim killed because he had no consciousness at all how it could be otherwise.

And then we see that "Mumu" is written, perhaps, on the most urgent Russian theme. And that is why the story now sounds so scorching (if you don’t believe it - reread it!) The fact is that the most important Russian issue is discussed in Mumu ... not about love, not about God, not about wine ... ABOUT POWER.

What the hell is power in Russia? What is it based on?

Readers brought up on Western literary models who do not know Russian history (and this may well be Russian schoolchildren) may be knocked off the bat by Mumu: they will not see the main collision. It looks like “everything is like in Europe”: a big city, well, a lady, well, her servants, well, here she has a janitor ... It's a common thing. This Russian barynya orders her janitor to drown his animal ... Stop, stop! Here the European will be surprised. What are these strange orders? What does the owner care about the janitor's dog? If the janitor loves a dog - why, one wonders, he does not send the mistress to hell and even looks for himself, with his dog, more adequate owner ??

The European will be wrong, because he did not understand the main thing: the relationship between the worker and the hostess in this Russian story is not built on a contract. Gerasim is not a worker, but a slave; it belongs to the lady as a thing. Accordingly, there are no violations in the lady's demand to drown the dog; it does not violate anything, because there is nothing to violate - there is no original contract. Gerasim, even if he could speak, has nothing to appeal to - he has no rights. Including the right to love, and the right to protect the one he loves.

And so, if you think about it, the Russian government remains after 150 years. It is not based on a contract - and therefore does not violate anything, no matter what it requires.

Surely each of us has read the amazing work of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". This is one of the first stories that schoolchildren get acquainted with in literature lessons. This story describes not enough funny story the deaf-mute village hero Gerasim, who ended up in the city of an old and harmful lady, being in her service.

The essence of the story

Gerasim did not have a personal life, it simply did not work out for him. For a very long time he loved Tatyana, who, out of need, married another. Over time, Gerasim acquired a dog, which he gave the name Mumu. He called her that because he was deaf and dumb and only the sound "mumu" could utter.

Gerasim is very attached to the puppy, he:

  • I took care of him.
  • I fed him.
  • I went for walks with him.
  • I considered it the meaning of my life.

But after a while, Mumu began to annoy the mistress of Gerasim. The fact is that the dog from time to time could bark at night, interfering with the lady's sleep. And she could not resist, she ordered Gerasim to urgently get rid of Mumu. Since Gerasim was in the service of the young lady, he simply could not refuse her order.

Not far from the house there was a pond, in which Gerasim drowned his only friend, the meaning of his life. The day after Mumu's death, Gerasim simply left home, he abandoned everything, was left to live alone without family and friends, he did not even have Mumu with whom he could share his sadness.

Many adults, once again rereading Turgenev's story, ask themselves the question: "Why did Gerasim obey the lady's order, if then he left her house anyway?" Gerasim could also behave differently in such a situation, because he did not have an order to kill the animal, he was asked to simply get rid of it.


Gerasim could:

  • Sell \u200b\u200bMumu.
  • Hand it over to good people.
  • Take it to the market, where he will always have something to eat.

Why take such drastic measures? The order of the lady simply deprived Gerasim of the last thing he had. He escaped from his usual village to a foreign locality, worked for a lady who did not appreciate him, and eventually forced him to get rid of his best friend. He did just that because he simply could not help but listen to his lady. Since childhood, he was raised by strict parents, he was always told that obeying his masters should always and everywhere, no matter how deplorable the situation was.

"The question" Why did Gerasim drown MoMu? " I asked four literature teachers and two class teachers ... Many years passed, and I realized that Gerasim's behavior had no motivation. " That is, despair. This is an excellent illustration of the idea that in the Soviet school studied anything, but not the plots literary works ... From school, I myself vaguely recall all sorts of "images" - Gerasim, the ladies, even Mumu - but not even a single attempt to explain how and why something happened, about which, in fact, the whole story of Turgenev. Anything but the plot.

As a child, my inquisitive friend interrogated as many as six different teachers with addiction - but none could answer him a seemingly simple question. Obviously, not because they wanted to hide the truth from the corrosive schoolboy; most likely, they DIDN'T KNOW. They were not taught this in their pedagogical universities, and they themselves did not guess the answer. What for? There is no such question in the program.

Although he is even in the courtyard song - one of those that schoolchildren themselves sing to each other in the gateways. Remember - to the tune from "Generals of the Sand Quarries":

Why did Gerasim drown Mumu,
Why why? And why?
I'd rather go down myself ...
Why did Gerasim drown Mumu?

The presence in school folklore is a serious indicator. Lose-grade hooligans, sometimes not knowing / remembering practically nothing from the school curriculum, also react to this question - so they at least understand it! Even in their virgin memory, Mumu clings to something! Turgenev irritated him, unwillingly, childish fragile souls, you can’t say anything ...

Well, let's try to answer the question. Better, as they say, late than never.

First of all, the plot. I, by a sinful deed, have just re-read "Mumu" - probably for the first time since grade 5. I thought that I would have to rape myself - but no. It is amazingly easy to read, and such a magnificent prose that ... eh, but I digress. So, the plot in the most concise form. Gerasim is a deaf-mute janitor from birth for an old, absurd Moscow lady who is living out her last years, whose “day, joyless and rainy, has long passed; but the evening was even blacker than the night "(damn it, we in the fifth grade did not understand how beautifully Turgenev expounded; after all, the best stylist in Russian classics!). Gerasim, in a moment of the blackest despair, got himself a dog ... (By the way, what breed was Mumu, who knows? I think no one, but the all-knowing Vicki reports that Mumu was a spaniel). The deaf-mute janitor fell in love with Mumu with all his heart, but the absurd lady once orders to get rid of Mumu. The first time she is kidnapped and sold, but Mumu gnaws at the rope and returns to the inconsolable Gerasim. The second time Mumu is already ordered to kill, Gerasim himself undertakes to carry out this order. He drowns the dog in the Moskva River, and then, without permission, leaves the yard for his village (not so far from Moscow, 35 miles). The lady soon dies, for Gerasim's "escape" is not punished in any way.

Turgenev's descriptions of the dog are wildly touching. The reader, and especially a fifth-grader, unconditionally believes that Gerasim sees her as her only friend and truly loves her, and Mumu also adores her janitor. Why, why is he killing her ?? If he ended up running away anyway, why?

In fact, Gerasim's act explodes one of the key mythologemes underlying the Soviet, I’m not afraid of this word, worldview: about rebellion as a source of justice. After all, what were the Soviet pioneers taught from the October age? It is necessary, they say, that the oppressed should rise up against the exploiters - and then all the contradictions will be resolved, HAPPINESS will come. And Turgenev suddenly says - no, nifiga. Personal rebellion does not erase obedience programs. You can throw off the yoke of the exploiters and continue to carry out their own orders.

By the way, to the same place, to this piggy bank - Katerina from Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" (also a school program). Katerina is killing, however, not Mumu, but herself - but even here it is time to ask "why?"; This is also a riot - which is what Dobrolyubov noticed and because of which he called Katerina "a ray of light in the dark kingdom." If Gerasim decided to rebel against the lady - why doesn't he take his beloved dog with him? If Katerina decided to rebel against her surroundings - why is she killing herself? What kind of rebellion is this - which does not liberate ??

The question is not at all idle for Soviet reality; it could have been asked to the "proletarians" who, according to the same Soviet sources, unanimously rebelled in 1917 against "exploitation and the yoke of capital" - however, starting in the late 1920s and for many decades after, they began to work in factories at such norms of exploitation that tsarist Russia at the beginning of the century never dreamed of: for rations, with a complete ban on strikes, with constantly reduced prices, with draconian punishments for lateness, irregular working hours and a ban on changing jobs at will ...

This is one answer.

Or maybe another one - for him we need to draw parallels from world literature. Gerasim killed the only living creature he loved. But, as Oscar Wilde will say some time after Turgenev, "We always kill those we love." In The Ballad of Reading Prison:

He loved that woman more than life,
He killed that woman.

This is fate, rock. Some kind of inaccuracy, inherent not even in human nature, but in the universe. Who in general said that the deaf-mute janitor treated the lady in the same way as we do - that is, as a disgusting, useless old woman? Perhaps she was for him, who had never heard the sounds of a human voice in his life, something like the earthly embodiment of impersonal Rock. He fulfilled her injunction - yes, cruel; Well, isn't it fair, isn't it cruel for him to be born without the gift of speech and hearing, as a living thing of some old woman?

And here we turn to the third possible answer - which, it is true, a Soviet schoolchild (and a Soviet teacher) could hardly have thought of at all ... but it was quite, even probably understood by Turgenev himself - since he certainly knew the Bible well.

Yes Yes. In "Mumu" one of the most famous biblical stories is embodied, moreover from the Old Testament - about Abraham and Isaac. Let me remind you: God commands the righteous Abraham to sacrifice his only and infinitely beloved son - Isaac. Abraham is old, his wife is too old, and he knows that he will not have any other children. Nevertheless, Abraham takes Isaac, the sacrificial paraphernalia and goes to the mountain to sacrifice his son.

All this collision is presented in the textbook work of Turgenev: in the role of Abraham - Gerasim, Isaac - this is Mumu, and the mistress represents for Gerasim precisely a god who requires a sacrifice. In any case, the degree of emotional attachment is hardly very different between Abraham and Gerasim.

Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism, in his famous essay about Abraham with the same desperate fervor and passion as our fifth-graders, struggles with the riddle: WHY is Abraham leading his son to the slaughter? For those who have not read it, I highly recommend reading this, one of the most famous philosophical works in history; Kierkegaard, I think, is why he became at the origins of the most powerful philosophical trend, that he retained the strength and energy of such a childish, naive bewilderment that arose in school, while reading the Bible, until maturity.

WHAT FOR?? After all, Abraham has nothing more dear and never will (and Gerasim, we note, has nothing dearer to Mum and never will). Kierkegaard, I remember, in search of analogies looks around the world literature and finds something similar in the Iliad: there the Achaean fleet gets stuck on the way to Troy, as the unfavorable wind blows all the time and the sea is restless; the whole campaign is under threat, and the priests report: they say, it was Poseidon who was angry and demands the daughter of Agamemnon as a sacrifice. Agamemnon, one of the leaders of the Greeks, is in terrible grief, but still sacrifices his daughter. The sea calms down and the Greeks continue their hike.

Here is a seemingly complete analogy! However, Kierkegaard immediately stopped short, and as a result, through these two examples, he draws the difference between social and existential heroism. Agamemnon sacrifices his adored daughter, and also at the request of God - but he does it within the framework of a DEAL, and with a clear purpose. For the sake of society! Donates the most expensive "for a friend". Agamemnon's sacrifice is terrible, majestic, terrible - but also understandable. The result is visible - the ships are on their way.

However, Abraham - and, note, Gerasim - is in a completely different position! The Higher Power does not promise them anything in return. It just demands obedience. Demands to give the most expensive for NOTHING.

As a result, we can quite say here that Turgenev, not much, not a little, formulates an alternative version of the Bible, at least one of the key biblical stories. He - long before any Bulgakov there - seems to be asking a question, conducting a thought experiment: what would have happened to Abraham if God had accepted his sacrifice (and not replaced, as follows from the sacred text, at the very last moment on the sacrificial altar Isaac on a lamb)? And Turgenev gives his answer: Abraham's hand would not have trembled, he would have killed his son ... But this would have ended Abraham's faith. He would "recoil from God" - as Gerasim left his mistress without looking back.

And, perhaps, soon after that, God would have died (as the lady died shortly after Gerasim's departure). However, this is Nietzsche ...

This is the third answer. But there is a fourth - I like it the most. And here, to begin with, it is necessary to stipulate the following: why does “Mumu” \u200b\u200bpass in the category of “children's literature” at all? What's in "Mumu" for children? To begin with, there is no such seemingly obligatory attribute of children's literature as a happy ending.

Mumu is quite tough, adult prose. Actually, who would ever have thought that the story of how a person kills his best and only friend in cold blood is “for children”?

There is one aspect that can be attributed to the "childish": namely, "Mumu" - this is also a story about the betrayal of the one who trusted. The strong and kind, instead of protecting, betrays and kills the weak and defenseless, and blindly trusting. “Finally Gerasim straightened up, hastily, with a kind of painful anger on his face, wrapped a rope around the bricks he had taken, attached a loop, put it on Mumu's neck, lifted her over the river, looked at her for the last time ... She trustingly and without fear looked at him and slightly wagged her tail. He turned away, closed his eyes and opened his hands ... "

I think that is why the yard songs are sung about "Mumu": this story really traumatizes the child's psyche. Because who is the child reading the story to associate with? - well, it is clear that not with Gerasim. And definitely not with the lady, who is generally perceived by a child as an evil witch from a fairy tale. The young reader associates himself with Mumu. And then the question that we are all discussing here sounds quite tragic: "Why did Gerasim kill ME?" For what? How so?? The main problem - for the child - is not even whether Gerasim loved or did not love the dog, about which we are rubbing this page; the child is worried about something else. Mumu loved him! How can you kill someone who loves you?

But because they ordered it.

Note: not because Gerasim was afraid of some kind of punishment in case of disobedience. This is not about punishment at all. Gerasim killed because he had no consciousness at all how it could be otherwise.

And then we see that "Mumu" is written, perhaps, on the most urgent Russian theme. And that is why the story now sounds so scorching (if you don’t believe it - reread it!) The fact is that the most important Russian issue is discussed in Mumu ... not about love, not about God, not about wine ... ABOUT POWER.

What the hell is power in Russia? What is it based on?

Readers brought up on Western literary models who do not know Russian history (and this may well be Russian schoolchildren) may be knocked off the bat by Mumu: they will not see the main collision. It looks like “everything is like in Europe”: a big city, well, a lady, well, her servants, well, here she has a janitor ... It's a common thing. This Russian barynya orders her janitor to drown his animal ... Stop, stop! Here the European will be surprised. What are these strange orders? What does the owner care about the janitor's dog? If the janitor loves a dog - why, one wonders, he does not send the mistress to hell and even looks for himself, with his dog, more adequate owner ??

The European will be wrong, because he did not understand the main thing: the relationship between the worker and the hostess in this Russian story is not built on a contract. Gerasim is not a worker, but a slave; it belongs to the lady as a thing. Accordingly, there are no violations in the lady's demand to drown the dog; it does not violate anything, because there is nothing to violate - there is no original contract. Gerasim, even if he could speak, has nothing to appeal to - he has no rights. Including the right to love, and the right to protect the one he loves.

And so, if you think about it, the Russian government remains after 150 years. It is not based on a contract - and therefore does not violate anything, no matter what it requires.

The hero of Ivan Turgenev's story "Mumu" is the janitor Gerasim - an example of spontaneous strength and senseless devotion. The touching story of his affection for the dog Mumu ended tragically, because it aroused the anger of the lady, who ordered to get rid of the animal.

"MUMU" cartoon based on the story of I.S. Turnenev USSR 1987

However, it is surprising that Gerasim volunteered to drown Mumu with his own hands (after all, the lady did not demand this). Why Gerasim drowned Mumu, it is not known for certain, because he was neither a sadist nor Count Dracula, but several assumptions can be made.

Why did Gerasim drown Mu-Mu? (Kortnev):

Everyday explanation. Gerasim was devoted to the mistress with the directness of a primitive consciousness. He did not question her right to control the dog's life, just as he did his own. So Gerasim drowned Mumu to carry out her order. However, the question arises: why drown the dog and then go to the village? Why not leave with Mumu?

Why Gerasim drowned Mu-Mu - HORUS group:

Psychological explanation. All his life Gerasim did not even imagine the possibility of contradicting the lady, and this time he was not going to. However, the unexpected happened: having drowned his only native creature, Gerasim seemed to have lost all social ties, freed himself from the obedience with which he had lived for so many years. The death of Mumu gave him the strength to leave the city, in which nothing else held him, and return to the village. So he drowned Mumu to free himself from psychological dependence and find inner freedom.

Scientific explanation. There is a point of view that Turgenev wrote the whole story for the sake of this scene alone. The way the dumb hero with deep tenderness drowns the only creature to which he is attached in the river is such a powerful spectacle that, having depicted him, the writer no longer cared about psychological or everyday details. He achieved his goal: he struck the imagination of the reader and forced him to come up with explanations for the actions of Gerasim. And for this, only one thing was needed: for Gerasim to drown Mumu.


Poor Mu-Mu - in Spanish. Iwashi (A. Ivashchenko, G. Vasiliev)

Why did Gerasim drown his Mu-mu?

Some authoritative opinions on this matter:

Archimedes: To prove my law once again.

Karl Marx: The logic of the class struggle led him to this.

Confucius: To honor and uphold virtue, showing respect for elders and higher.

Barbara Cartland: To win the lady's heart, showing what madness his love is capable of ...

Carl Jung: He was prompted to this by an unconscious desire to follow the archetypal image of the sacrifice.

Sigmund Freud: This is a natural result of long-term suppression of latent sexual fantasies.

Adolf Gitler: To expand the living space for a superior race.

Beavis and Butthead: Because it was crazed. You got it, dumpling. He-he-he.

Ernesto Che Guevara: To attract the attention of all progressive people in the world to the struggle against the oppressors.

Jean-Paul Sartre: To question the traditional cultural values \u200b\u200bof a society.

Rupert Murdoch: Then to make a bestseller from this. In fact, it worked perfectly.

Egor Gaidar: To reduce the tax base by eliminating the need to pay taxes on animals.

V. Zhirinovsky: For the corpse of the unfortunate dog to poison the water! This is sabotage!

Yasser Arafat: Then to blame the Arabs for everything.

Eugene Ionesco: To shake a layman drowning in the bustle.

Marquis de Sade: To get exquisite enjoyment of the last minutes of her life and, of course, these delicious gurgles overboard.

Lev Tolstoy: To say goodbye and get closer to the people.

Seneca: To free yourself from the burden of unnecessary attachments to the world.

Thomas Torquemada: To save her lost soul at the cost of destroying the mortal body.

Karl Leibniz: So it was prescribed by the Pre-established world harmony.

Niels Bor: This is not necessarily Gerasim. With a nonzero probability, Mu-mu, as a quantum system, could at any moment overcome a potential barrier and be overboard.

Sherlock Holmes: To get rid of the stone, this irrefutable evidence! And poor Mu-mu, whom he tied to him, was called to launch the investigation along the wrong path.

Kurt Gödel: Within the framework of the theories available to us, it is neither possible to refute nor confirm the correctness of the act of Gerasim.

Soviet information bureau: Our people indignantly reject this next propaganda fake.

Gautama Buddha: Denying Mu-mu in himself, Gerasim moved away from enlightenment.

Martin Luther King: I believe that the day will come when no one else can drown Mu-mu.

Ministry of Defence: We have no confirmation of what happened; journalists could be misled.

Why did Gerasim drown Mumu?
Why Mumu, and why? -
She didn't do it to anyone
Bad, no one, Mumu.
But all Gerasim drowned Mumu.
Why Mumu, why, and why?

He tied two bricks to Mume
Although one would be enough ...
At the same time, he mumbled silently to himself:
"It's not a pity for a friend for anything."
Muma looked out of the darkness reproachfully
And the janitor never saw Muma again.

But Muma could still live -
Chase cats, breed puppies.
Now Muma lies at the bottom of the pond,
And she will never emerge.
Muma lies, lies alone in the pond,
And Gerasim visits her once a year.

Yes, he brutally acted with Muma
Our literary hero.
He was a little "weak" on his head,
And he suffered a lot from women!
They said to him: "Drown Mumu"
Otherwise they won't let him marry.

We stand behind Gerasim as a wall,
After all, there was Gerasim - a serf,
But why did he drown Mumu,
Only he knows this.
But the janitor won't tell anyone -
He speaks no better than Mumu.

Why Gerasim drowned Mumu,
We guessed why!
He spent day and night with Mumu,
And it was good for him ...
But suddenly a shabby dog \u200b\u200bappeared!
Mummy stuck his psychotic nose under his tail.

Gerasim saw it late,
Threw a broom, but missed.
And he did everything, you bastard, and ran away.
Gerasim sobbed quietly -
Muma, he realized, is not faithful to him!
For this he drowned Mumu.
We will not judge Gerasim,
After all, no one can live without love!

WHY GERASIM DROWNED MUMA (on the motive of "generals of sand pits")

Am E Am
Why Gerasim drowned Mumu
Am E Am
Why Gerasim drowned Mumu
G A7 Dm
Why Gerasim drowned Mumu
C E Am
After all, he was worthless


He tied two bricks to Mume
He tied two bricks to Mume
So that it is better for her to lie on a solid bottom


But Muma could still live
But Muma could still live
Why was Mumochka drowned


That's so cruel to Muma
That's so cruel to Muma
Literary our hero

We stand behind Gerasim as a wall
We stand behind Gerasim as a wall
All behind Gerasim stand the wall
After all, Gerasim was a serf

Lyrics “Gerasim I Mu-Mu (Together With V. Kachan)”

A7 Dm Gm
Why did Gerasim drown Mumu?
F a7
I won't understand, I won't understand
Dm D7
What delirium was he in, what smoke?
Gm C7 F
It’s not good, not smart
Dm gm
What feelings he felt inside
Gm6 Dm / A A7 Dm
While she blew bubbles

They walked along the shore together,
The trouble was already close
Mumu was attracted by a cool pond,
And then, and then
He tied two bricks to Mume -
Gm6 Dm / A A7 Dm (H7)
Sadist eyes, executioner's hands.
Monuments:
Monument to Gerasim from "Mumu" in St. Petersburg, Russia.

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