What was Albert Einstein sick with? Albert Einstein: Little-Known Facts from the Life of a Genius - Mosaic of Oddities

One of the most famous personalities of the first half of the 20th century was Albert Einstein. This great scientist achieved a lot in his life, becoming not only nobel laureate, but also radically changing the scientific understanding of the Universe.

He wrote about 300 scientific papers in physics and about 150 books and articles in various fields of knowledge.

Born in Germany in 1879, he lived for 76 years, having died on April 18, 1955 in the United States, where he worked for the last 15 years of his life.

Some of Einstein's contemporaries said that communication with him was like the fourth dimension. Of course, the lives of great people are often surrounded by a halo of glory and various legends. That is why it is not uncommon for enthusiastic fans to deliberately exaggerate certain moments from their biographies.

We offer you interesting facts from the life of Albert Einstein.

Photo of 1947

As we said at the beginning, Albert Einstein was extremely famous. Therefore, when random passers-by stopped him in the street, asking in a jubilant voice whether it was he, the scientist would often say: "No, forgive me, I am constantly confused with Einstein!"

Once he was asked what is the speed of sound. To this the great physicist replied: "I have no habit of memorizing things that can be easily found in a book."

It is curious that in childhood, little Albert developed very slowly. Parents worried that he would be retarded, since he began to speak tolerably only by the age of 7. He is believed to have had a form of autism, possibly Asperger's Syndrome.

Einstein's great love for music is well known. As a child, he learned to play the violin and took it with him all his life.

One day, while reading a newspaper, a scientist came across an article in which they talked about the death of an entire family due to the leakage of sulfur dioxide from a faulty refrigerator. Deciding that this was a mess, Albert Einstein, along with his former student invented the refrigerator with a different, safer principle of operation. The invention was named “Einstein's Refrigerator”.

It is known that the great physicist had an active civic position. He was a staunch supporter of the civil rights movement and argued that Jews in Germany and blacks in America have equal rights with all. “Ultimately, we are all human,” he said. Albert Einstein was a staunch pacifist and strongly opposed any Nazism.

Surely everyone has seen the photo where the scientist shows his tongue. An interesting fact is that this picture was taken on the eve of his 72nd birthday. Tired of cameras, at another request to smile, Albert Einstein stuck out his tongue. Now all over the world this photograph is not only known, but also everyone interprets it in their own way, giving it a metaphysical meaning.

The fact is that signing one of the photographs with his tongue hanging out, the genius said that his gesture was addressed to all of humanity. How can there be without metaphysics! By the way, contemporaries have always emphasized the scientist's subtle humor and the ability to joke wittily.

It is known that Einstein was Jewish by nationality. So in 1952, when the state of Israel had just begun to form into a full-fledged power, the great scientist was offered to become president. Of course, the physicist flatly refused such a high post, citing the fact that he is a scientist and lacks the experience to govern the country.

On the eve of his death, he was offered to undergo surgery, but he refused, saying that "artificial life extension does not make sense." In general, all the visitors who came to the dying genius noted his absolute calmness, and even his cheerful mood. He expected death as an ordinary natural phenomenon, such as rain. In this he somehow strongly resembles Anton Chekhov.

An interesting fact is that the last words of Albert Einstein are unknown. He pronounced them on german, which his American nurse did not know.

Using the incredible popularity of his own person, the scientist took one dollar for each autograph for some time. He donated the proceeds to charity.

After one scientific dialogue with fellow workers, Albert Einstein said: "God does not play dice." To which Niels Bohr objected: "Stop telling God what to do!"

Interestingly, the scientist never considered himself an atheist. But he also did not believe in a personified God. It is known for certain that he declared that he preferred a humility corresponding to the weakness of our intellectual awareness of nature. Apparently, until his death, he did not decide on this concept, remaining a humble questioner.

There is a misconception that Albert Einstein was not very good at mathematics. In fact, at the age of 15, he had already mastered differential and integral calculus.

Einstein at 14

After receiving a check for $ 1,500 from the Rockefeller Foundation, the great physicist used it as a bookmark for a book. But alas, he lost this book.

In general, there were legends about his absent-mindedness. One day Einstein was riding a Berlin tram and was thinking about something with concentration. The conductor, who did not recognize him, had received the wrong amount for the ticket and corrected him. Indeed, having rummaged in his pocket, the great scientist discovered the missing coins and paid. "It's okay, grandfather," said the conductor, "you just need to learn arithmetic."

Curiously, Albert Einstein never wore socks. He did not give special explanations about this, but even at the most solemn events, his boots were shod on his bare feet.

It sounds incredible, but Einstein's brain was stolen. After his death in 1955, pathologist Thomas Harvey removed the scientist's brain and photographed it from different angles. Then, having cut the brain into many small pieces, for 40 years he sent them to various laboratories for research by the best neurologists in the world.

It is noteworthy that the scientist, during his lifetime, agreed to have his brain examined after death. But he did not give consent to the theft of Thomas Harvey!

In general, the will of the genius physicist was that after his death he was cremated, which was done, but only, as you might have guessed, without a brain. During his lifetime, Einstein was an ardent opponent of any personality cult, so he did not want his grave to become a place of pilgrimage. His ashes were scattered in the wind.

An interesting fact is that Albert Einstein's interest in science was awakened in childhood. When he was 5 years old, he got sick with something. His father showed him a compass to calm him down. Little Albert was amazed that the arrow was constantly pointing in one direction, no matter how he turned this mysterious device. He decided that there was some kind of force causing the arrow to behave that way. By the way, after the scientist became famous all over the world, this story was often told.

Albert Einstein was very fond of the "Maxims" of the outstanding French thinker and politician François de La Rochefoucauld. He read them constantly.

In general, in literature, the genius of physics preferred Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Bertold Brecht.

Einstein at the Patent Office (1905)

At the age of 17, Albert Einstein wanted to enter the Swiss Higher Technical School in Zurich. However, he only passed the math exam and failed the rest. For this reason, he had to go to vocational school. After a year, he still managed to pass the required exams.

When in 1914 the radicals took the rector and several professors hostage, Albert Einstein, along with Max Born, went to negotiations. They managed to find a common language with the rebels, and the situation was resolved peacefully. From this we can conclude that the scientist was not one of a timid dozen.

Another interesting fact that not everyone knows. Einstein was first nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1910 for the theory of relativity. However, the committee found her evidence to be insufficient. Further, every year (!), Except for 1911 and 1915, various physicists recommended him for this prestigious award. And only in November 1922 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1921.

A diplomatic way out of the awkward situation was found. Einstein was awarded the prize not for the theory of relativity, but for the theory of the photoelectric effect, although the text of the decision contained a postscript: "... and for other works in the field of theoretical physics." As a result, we see that one of the greatest physicists, it is believed, was awarded only from the tenth time. Why would it be such a stretch? Very fertile ground for conspiracy theorists.

Did you know that the face of Master Yoda from the movie " star Wars»Created from images of Einstein? The mimicry of a genius was used as a prototype.

Despite the fact that the scientist died back in 1955, he is confidently ranked 7th in the list of "Earning dead celebrities." The annual revenue from the sale of Baby Einstein products is more than $ 10 million.

There is a widespread belief that Albert Einstein was a vegetarian. But this is not true. In principle, he supported this movement, but he himself began to follow a vegetarian diet about a year before his death.

Einstein's personal life

In 1903, Albert Einstein married his classmate Mileva Maric, who was 4 years older than him.

A year before that, they had an illegitimate daughter. However, due to material difficulties, the young father insisted on giving the child to the rich, but childless relatives of Mileva, who themselves wanted this. In general, it must be said that the physicist hid this dark story in every possible way.

Therefore, there is no detailed information about this daughter. Some biographers believe she died as a child.

Albert Einstein and Mileva Maric (first wife)

When Albert Einstein's scientific career began, success and travel around the world affected his relationship with Mileva. They were on the verge of divorce, but then, nevertheless, agreed on one strange contract. Einstein suggested that his wife continue to live together on condition that she agrees to his demands:

1. Keep his clothes and room (especially his desk) clean
2. Bring breakfast, lunch and dinner to the room regularly
3. Complete rejection of marital relations
4. Stop talking when he asks
5. Leave his room on demand

Surprisingly, the wife agreed to these conditions humiliating for any woman, and they lived together for some time. Although then Mileva Marich still could not stand the constant betrayal of her husband and after 16 years of marriage they divorced.

Interestingly, two years before his first marriage, he wrote to his beloved:

“… I have lost my mind, I am dying, I am burning with love and desire. The pillow you sleep on is a hundred times happier than my heart! You come to me at night, but, unfortunately, only in a dream ... "

But then everything went according to Dostoevsky: "From love to hate, one step." Feelings quickly cooled down and were a burden for both.

By the way, before the divorce, Einstein promised that if he received the Nobel Prize (which happened in 1922), he would give it all to Mileva. The divorce took place, but he did not give the money received from the Nobel Committee to his ex-wife, but only allowed her to use the interest from them.

In total, they had three children: two legitimate sons and one illegitimate daughter, about whom we have already spoken. Einstein's youngest son, Edward, had great abilities. But as a student, he suffered a severe nervous breakdown, as a result of which he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Having entered a psychiatric hospital at the age of 21, he spent most of his life there, dying at the age of 55.

Albert Einstein himself could not come to terms with the idea that he had a mentally ill son. There are letters in which he complains that it would be better if he was not born at all.

Mileva Maric (first wife) and two sons of Einstein

Einstein had an extremely bad relationship with his eldest son, Hans. Moreover, until the death of the scientist. Biographers believe that this is directly related to the fact that he did not give his wife the Nobel Prize, as promised, but only interest. Hans is the only successor of the Einstein family, although his father bequeathed him an extremely small inheritance.

It is important to emphasize here that after the divorce, Mileva Maric suffered from depression for a long time and was treated by various psychoanalysts. Albert Einstein felt guilt towards her all his life.

Nevertheless, the great physicist was a real ladies' man. After a divorce from his first wife, he literally immediately married his cousin (through his mother) sister Elsa. During this marriage, he had many mistresses, which Elsa knew very well. Moreover, they spoke freely on this topic. Apparently Elsa had enough of the official status of the wife of a world-famous scientist.

Albert Einstein and Elsa (second wife)

This second wife of Albert Einstein was also divorced, had two daughters and, like the first wife of a physicist, was three years older than her learned husband. Despite the fact that they did not have children together, they lived together until Elsa's death in 1936.

An interesting fact is that initially Einstein thought about marrying his daughter Elsa, who was 18 years younger than him. However, she did not agree, so she had to marry her mother.

Einstein's life stories

The stories from the lives of great people are always extremely interesting. Although, to be objective, any person in this sense is of colossal interest. It's just that more close attention is always directed to the outstanding representatives of humanity. We are pleased to idealize the image of a genius, attributing to it supernatural actions, words and phrases.

Count to three

Once Albert Einstein was at a party. Knowing that the great scientist is fond of playing the violin, the owners asked him to play along with the composer Hans Eisler who was present here. After making preparations, they tried to play.

However, Einstein did not get to the beat in any way, and no matter how hard they tried, they could not play even the intro. Then Eisler got up from the piano and said:

“I don’t understand why the whole world considers a person who cannot count to three to be great!

Genius violinist

It is said that Albert Einstein once performed at a charity concert with the famous cellist Grigory Pyatigorsky. There was also a journalist in the hall who was supposed to write a report on the concert. Turning to one of the listeners and pointing at Einstein, he asked in a whisper:

- Do you know the name of this man with a mustache and a violin?

- What are you! - exclaimed the lady. - It's the great Einstein himself!

Embarrassed, the journalist thanked her and began to frantically write something in his notebook. The next day, an article appeared in the newspaper that an outstanding composer and incomparable violin virtuoso by the name of Einstein performed at the concert, who eclipsed Pyatigorsky himself with his skill.

This amused Einstein so much, who was already very fond of humor, that he cut out this note, and on occasion said to his acquaintances:

- Do you think I'm a scientist? This is a deep misconception! In fact, I am a famous violinist!

Great thoughts

There is another interesting case with a journalist who asked Einstein where he writes down his great thoughts. To this the scholar replied looking at the reporter's thick diary:

- Young man, truly great thoughts come so rarely that they are not at all difficult to remember!

Time and eternity

Once an American journalist who attacked a famous physicist asked him what is the difference between time and eternity. To this Albert Einstein replied:

“If I had time to explain this to you, it would take forever before you could understand it.

Two celebrities

In the first half of the 20th century, only two people were truly world famous: Einstein and Charlie Chaplin. After the release of the film "Gold Rush", the scientist wrote a telegram to the comedian with the following content:

“I am delighted with your film, which is understandable to the whole world. You will undoubtedly become a great person. "

To which Chaplin replied:

“I admire you even more! Your theory of relativity is incomprehensible to anyone in the world, and, nevertheless, you have become a great person. "

It does not matter

We have already written about the absent-mindedness of Albert Einstein. But here's another example from his life.

One day walking down the street and thinking about the meaning of being and global issues mankind, he met his old acquaintance, whom he mechanically invited to dinner:

“Come tonight, we have Professor Stimson as our guest.

- But I am Stimson! - exclaimed the interlocutor.

“It doesn't matter, come anyway,” Einstein said absently.

Colleague

Once walking along the corridor of Princeton University, Albert Einstein met with a young physicist who had no merit to science, except for uncontrolled conceit. Coming up with the famous scientist, the young man patted him familiarly on the shoulder and asked:

- How are you, colleague?

- How, - Einstein was surprised, - are you also more rheumatism?

He really had a sense of humor!

Everything except money

One journalist asked Einstein's wife what she thought of her great husband.

- Oh, my husband is a real genius, - answered the wife, - he knows how to do absolutely everything except money!

Einstein Quotes

• Do you think all that simple? Yes, it's simple. But not at all.
• Anyone who wants to see the results of his labor immediately should go to shoemakers.
• Theory is when everything is known, but nothing works. Practice is when everything works, but nobody knows why. We combine theory and practice: nothing works ... and no one knows why!
• There are only two infinite things: the universe and stupidity. I'm not sure about the universe though.
• Everyone knows that this is impossible. But here comes an ignoramus who does not know this - it is he who makes the discovery.
• I do not know what weapon the third will be fought with. world War, but the fourth - with sticks and stones.
• Only a fool needs order - genius dominates chaos.
• There are only two ways to live life. The first is that miracles do not exist. The second - as if there were only miracles around.
• Education is what remains after everything learned in school is forgotten.
• We are all geniuses. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life, considering itself a fool.
• Only those who make absurd attempts can achieve the impossible.
• The greater my fame, the more dumb I become; and this is undoubtedly the general rule.
• Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited, while the imagination encompasses the whole world, stimulating progress, giving rise to evolution.
• You will never solve a problem if you think in the same way as those who created it.
• If the theory of relativity is confirmed, then the Germans will say that I am German, and the French - that I am a citizen of the world; but if my theory is refuted, the French will declare me a German and the Germans a Jew.
• Mathematics is the only perfect way to lead yourself by the nose.
• Through coincidences, God maintains anonymity.
• The only thing that prevents me from studying is the education I received.
• I survived two wars, two wives and Hitler.
• I never think about the future. It comes soon enough by itself.
• Logic can take you from point A to point B, and imagination can take you anywhere.
• Never memorize what you can find in a book.

1. In childhood, the future scientist did not show much hope... Einstein was silent until a rather serious age (either up to three, or up to five years, there is different evidence), and the parents believed that their son had developmental delays. Over time, young Albert nevertheless began to speak, but very hesitantly. He learned to write complete sentences, first muttering them under his breath, and only then loudly pronouncing what he had planned.

2. There is a misconception that Einstein did not do well in school. This is not true. Young Albert was significantly ahead of his peers in many disciplines. But the teachers were not very fond of future genius, because Albert had critical thinking and liked to argue.

3. Einstein was passionate about sailing throughout life. He often liked to sail on a yacht all alone.

4. Einstein loved womenand women, in turn, adored Einstein. Romantic letters, painful breakups, marriage with a cousin, countless betrayals ... It is very easy to get confused in the love affairs of a genius.

5. When Einstein moved to the United States, the FBI began total surveillance of the scientist. By the time of his death, his case consisted of about one and a half thousand pages. The secret services seriously considered the version that the famous physicist - soviet spy.

6. Although Einstein hated war, he believed that America need nuclear bomb ... The twofold position was dictated by the fact that by 1939, research in this area was already being carried out in Nazi Germany. In the face of an impending threat, the physicist wrote the famous letter to Franklin Roosevelt, which marked the beginning of the Manhattan Project.

7. After the death of the first president Israel Chaim Weizmann Einstein received an offer to take this position. But the physicist refused, citing the lack of experience in government activities.

8. Einstein never wore socks... Even at official meetings, the scientist remained true to this principle. Someone claims that he wanted to be closer to the common people, others see this as the choice of a truly free individual.

9. Einstein didn’t brush his teeth for years.... The scientist said that the bristles of a toothbrush "can drill even a diamond." But Einstein's first wife, Milev Marich, nevertheless taught the genius to take care of hygiene.

10. There is a legend that Einstein came up with a problem, which he allegedly used to test logical thinking. The point is to find the answer orally, without resorting to paper and pen. Try it yourself.

There are five houses on the street. The Englishman lives in the red house. The Spaniard has a dog. They drink coffee in the green house. The Ukrainian is drinking tea. The green house is located immediately to the right of the white house. Anyone who smokes Old Gold breeds snails. Kool is smoked in the yellow house. Milk is drunk in the central house. The Norwegian lives in the first house. The Chesterfield smoker's neighbor keeps a fox. Kool is smoked in the house next to the one where the horse is kept. Anyone who smokes Lucky Strike drinks orange juice. The Japanese smokes Parliament. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house. Who drinks the water? Who is holding the zebra?

Incredible facts

Do you think you know who Albert Einstein was: the absent-minded genius who discovered the theory of relativity for us (by the way, there are actually two of them: special and general relativity)? But did you know that he was born with such a big head that his mother thought he had some kind of deformity, or that Einstein had a secret child before his marriage?

Here are 10 of the most surprising facts about the smartest genius you might not have guessed.

1. Einstein was a fat kid with a big head

When Albert's mother, Paulina Einstein, gave birth to him, she believed that his head was so large and ugly that it caused thoughts of some kind of deformation.

Since the back of the head seemed too large, the family first suspected some kind of deformity. The doctor, however, succeeded in reassuring the parents, and after a few weeks the child's head returned to its normal size. When Einstein's grandmother first saw him, according to some testimonies she constantly repeated: "too fat, too fat!" Despite all fears, Albert grew and developed normally, except that he was slightly slow.

2. Einstein suffered from speech difficulties as a child

As a child, Einstein rarely spoke. When he spoke, he did it very slowly, trying to form whole sentences in his head and muttering them under his breath until he could pronounce them aloud correctly, and so on until about 9 years old. Einstein's parents feared that he was mentally retarded, which of course was completely unreasonable.

This is how the historian described one of the situations that happened to Einstein as a child Otto Neugebauer (Otto Neugebauer):

“Since he started talking late, his parents were worried. Finally, when dinner was served, he broke the silence and said,“ The soup is too hot. ”With a sigh of relief, his parents asked him why he had been silent before. Albert replied:“ Because until then everything was fine. "

Also, in addition to Einstein, many genius people had speech delays in childhood. This phenomenon was even given the name "Einstein's syndrome".

3. Einstein was inspired by the compass

When Einstein was five years old and fell ill, his father showed him something that piqued his interest in science, namely the compass.

Einstein was interested that wherever the body was turned, the arrow always pointed in the same direction. He thought that there must have been some force in this supposedly empty space that acted on the compass. This incident was often mentioned in stories about his life as soon as he became famous.

4. Einstein Fails the University Entrance Exam

In 1895, at the age of 17, Albert Einstein applied to Swiss Higher Technical School of Zurich... He passed the entrance exam in mathematics, but failed all the others (history, languages, geography, etc.) Einstein had to go to vocational school before he took the exams again and finally entered the Swiss Higher Technical School Zurich a year later.

5. Einstein had an illegitimate child

In the 1980s, Einstein's personal letters unveiled the secret of the genius: he had an illegitimate daughter from his former classmate Mileva Maric, whom Einstein later married. In 1902, a year before her marriage, Mileva gave birth to a daughter named Lieserl, whom Einstein had never seen and whose further fate remains a mystery.

Mileva gave birth to a daughter in her parents' house in Novy Sad. This happened at the end of January 1902, when Einstein was in Bern. From the letters, it can be concluded that the birth was difficult. The girl's official name is unknown. Only the name Lieserl was mentioned in the letters. Lieserl's further life, even today, remains unclear.... Experts believe that the girl may have had some kind of abnormality when she was born and lived with Mileva's parents. It is also believed that the girl died of an infection caused by scarlet fever in September 1903. It can also be concluded from the letters that Lieserl was adopted after birth. The last time Einstein mentioned her was in a letter to Mileva on September 19, 1903.

6. Einstein distanced himself from his first wife, and then offered her a strange contract

After Einstein and Mileva got married, they had two sons: Hans-Albert and Eduard. However, the academic success of the scientist and travel around the world cost him dear: he estranged himself from his wife. For a while, the couple tried to work out the problems, and Einstein even offered his wife a strange contract for living together, according to which they continue to live together, but under certain conditions:

"1. You will make sure that:

My belongings and linen are clean

You will bring me breakfast, lunch and dinner regularly to my room

My bedroom and studio will be kept clean, especially my desk, which will only be used by me

2. You will give up all personal relationships with me, as they are not absolutely necessary for social reasons

3. You will stop talking to me if I ask you about it. "

The wife accepted all his conditions. He then wrote to her again in a letter, making sure that she understood his future employment and that personal aspects should be kept to a minimum. He also stated: "Upon my return, I assure you of the proper behavior on my part, which I would show towards any unknown woman."

7. Einstein didn't get along with his eldest son

After the divorce, Einstein's relationship with his eldest son, Hans-Albert, was shaken. Hans accused his father of leaving Mileva, and after Einstein received the Nobel Prize and money, he gave Mileva access only to the interest, not the principal amount of the award, which made her financial life much more difficult.

The quarrel between father and son was further aggravated after Einstein opposed Hans-Albert's marriage to Freda Knecht.

In 1927, when Hans was 23 years old, he fell in love with an older and, in Einstein's opinion, ugly woman. He cursed their union, claiming that his fiancée was an insidious woman who persecutes his son. When all attempts to cut off their connection failed, Einstein pleaded with his son not to have children, as this would further complicate the inevitable divorce.

Subsequently, Hans-Albert immigrated to the United States and became a professor of hydraulic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Even in the new country, father and son were separate. When Einstein died, he left a little inheritance to his son.

8. Einstein was a womanizer

After Einstein divorced Mileva, and his infidelity was mentioned as one of the reasons for the divorce, he soon married his cousin Elsa Leventhal. In fact, Einstein also considered marrying Elsa's daughter from her first marriage, but she was against it. Elsa's daughter, who was 18 years younger than Einstein, was not attracted to Albert, she loved him like a father, and she understood that it was better not to mess with him.

Unlike Mileva, Elsa Einstein's main problem was the difficulty of keeping track of her famous husband. She will definitely knew and tolerated his infidelity and adventures, which he later confessed in his letters.

At first, he mentioned that his first marriage was unsuccessful. Then, after marrying Elsa, he cheated on her with his secretary Betty Newmann.

In the recently released letters of Einstein, he mentions about six women with whom he spent time and from whom he received giftswhen he was married to Elsa. Estela, Ethel, Tony and his "Russian spy" Margarita were mentioned among his mistresses. Others are indicated in the letter only by the initials M. and L.

"It is true that M. was following me and her persecution is spiraling out of control," he wrote in a letter in 1931. "Of all the ladies, I'm really only attached to Mrs. L., who is absolutely harmless and decent."

9. Pacifist Einstein urged Roosevelt to develop an atomic bomb

In 1939, worried about the rise of Nazi Germany, physicist Leo Szilard persuaded Einstein to write a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt, warning that Nazi Germany was researching an atomic bomb and urging the United States to create its own.

Einstein and Szilard's letter is often quoted as one of the reasons Roosevelt started the secret Manhattan project to develop the atomic bomb... Although Einstein was a genius physicist, he was considered a security threat and, fortunately, was not invited to help on this project.

10. Einstein's brain was in a jar for 43 years and then was sent out in pieces around the world

After Einstein's death in 1955, his brain was harvested without his family's consent. Thomas Stolz Harvey, the pathologist at Princeton Hospital who performed the autopsy. Harvey took Einstein's brain home and kept it in a bank... He was later fired from his job for refusing to give up a valuable organ.

Many years later, Harvey, who had by then received permission from Hans-Albert to study Einstein's brain, sent pieces of Einstein's brain to different scientists around the world... One of the scientists was Marian Diamond, who found that Einstein had many more glial cells in the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain that was responsible for synthesizing information than ordinary people.

In another study, Sandra Whitelson (Sandra Witelson) found that there was no special "wrinkle" in Einstein's brain called the Sylvian cleft. She suggested that the unusual anatomy helped the neurons of Einstein's brain communicate more freely with each other. There have also been suggestions that the scientist's brain had a higher density and that the inferior parietal lobe, associated with mathematical ability, was greater than the rest.

In 1998, 85-year-old Harvey, who had stored Einstein's brain for many years, gave it to a pathologist at Princeton University, where he once worked.

“After all, we get tired of the responsibility of keeping it ... I was tired about a year ago,” Harvey said slowly.

Albert Einstein. Born March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany - died April 18, 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. Theoretical physicist, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics, Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 1921, public figure and humanist. He lived in Germany (1879-1893, 1914-1933), Switzerland (1893-1914) and the USA (1933-1955). Honorary Doctor of about 20 leading universities in the world, a member of many Academies of Sciences, including a foreign honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1926).

Special theory of relativity (1905). Within its framework - the law of interrelation of mass and energy: E \u003d mc ^ 2
General theory of relativity (1907-1916)
Quantum theory of the photoelectric effect
Quantum theory of heat capacity
Bose - Einstein quantum statistics
The statistical theory of Brownian motion, which laid the foundations for the theory of fluctuations
Stimulated radiation theory
Theory of light scattering by thermodynamic fluctuations in a medium.

He also predicted "quantum teleportation" and predicted and measured the Einstein-de Haas gyromagnetic effect.

Since 1933 he worked on problems of cosmology and unified field theory. He actively opposed war, against the use of nuclear weapons, for humanism, respect for human rights, and mutual understanding between peoples.

Einstein played a decisive role in popularizing and introducing new physical concepts and theories into scientific circulation. First of all, this refers to the revision of the understanding of the physical essence of space and time and to the construction new theory gravity instead of Newtonian. Einstein also, along with Planck, laid the foundations of quantum theory. These concepts, which have been repeatedly confirmed by experiments, form the foundation of modern physics.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in the southern German city of Ulm, into a poor Jewish family.

Father, Hermann Einstein (1847-1902), was at this time a co-owner of a small business for the production of feather stuffing for mattresses and featherbeds. Mother, Pauline Einstein (née Koch, 1858-1920), came from the family of a wealthy corn merchant Julius Derzbacher (in 1842 he changed his last name to Koch) and Jetta Bernheimer.

In the summer of 1880, the family moved to Munich, where Hermann Einstein, together with his brother Jacob, founded a small electrical equipment trading company. Albert's younger sister Maria (Maya, 1881-1951) was born in Munich.

Albert Einstein received his primary education at a local Catholic school. According to his own recollections, as a child, he experienced a state of deep religiosity, which ended at the age of 12. Through reading popular science books, he came to the conviction that much of what is stated in the Bible cannot be true, and the state is deliberately engaged in deceiving the younger generation. All this made him a free-thinker and forever gave rise to a skeptical attitude towards authorities.

From childhood impressions, Einstein later recalled as the most powerful: the compass, "Beginnings" and (about 1889) "Critique of Pure Reason." In addition, at the initiative of his mother, he began playing the violin at the age of six. Einstein's passion for music continued throughout his life. While already in the United States in Princeton, in 1934, Albert Einstein gave a charity concert, where he performed works on the violin for the benefit of scientists and cultural figures who had emigrated from Nazi Germany.

In the gymnasium (now the Albert Einstein Gymnasium in Munich), he was not among the first students (with the exception of mathematics and Latin). The entrenched system of mechanical memorization of material by students (which, as he later said, harms the very spirit of learning and creative thinking), as well as the authoritarian attitude of teachers towards students caused rejection in Albert Einstein, so he often entered into disputes with his teachers.

In 1894, the Einsteins moved from Munich to the Italian city of Pavia, near Milan, where the brothers Hermann and Jacob transferred their firm. Albert himself remained with relatives in Munich for some time to finish all six classes of the gymnasium. Having never received a matriculation certificate, in 1895 he joined his family in Pavia.

In the fall of 1895, Albert Einstein arrived in Switzerland to pass the entrance exams at the Higher Technical School (Polytechnic) in Zurich and, upon graduation, become a physics teacher. Brilliantly showing himself in the exam in mathematics, he at the same time failed the exams in botany and french, which did not allow him to enter the Zurich Polytechnic. However, the director of the school advised the young man to enter the final class of the school in Aarau (Switzerland) in order to receive a certificate and repeat the admission.

At the Aarau cantonal school, Albert Einstein devoted his free time to studying Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. In September 1896, he successfully passed all the final exams at school, with the exception of the French exam, and received a certificate, and in October 1896 he was admitted to the Polytechnic at faculty of Education... Here he made friends with a fellow student, mathematician Marcel Grossman (1878-1936), and also met a Serbian student of the Faculty of Medicine Mileva Maric (4 years older than him), who later became his wife.

This year Einstein renounced German citizenship. To obtain Swiss citizenship, it was required to pay 1000 Swiss francs, but the poor financial situation of the family allowed him to do this only after 5 years. The father's enterprise this year finally went bankrupt, Einstein's parents moved to Milan, where Hermann Einstein, already without his brother, opened a company for the sale of electrical equipment.

The style and methodology of teaching at the Polytechnic differed significantly from the ossified and authoritarian German school, so further education was given to the young man more easily. He had first-class teachers, including the wonderful geometer Hermann Minkowski (Einstein often missed his lectures, which he sincerely regretted) and the analyst Adolf Hurwitz.

In 1900, Einstein graduated from the Polytechnic with a diploma in mathematics and physics. He passed the exams successfully, but not brilliantly. Many professors highly appreciated the abilities of Einstein's student, but no one wanted to help him continue his scientific career.

Although the next year, 1901, Einstein received Swiss citizenship, but until the spring of 1902 he could not find a permanent job - not even a school teacher. Due to the lack of earnings, he literally starved, not eating for several days in a row. This became the cause of liver disease, from which the scientist suffered until the end of his life.

Despite the hardships that plagued him in 1900-1902, Einstein found time to further study physics.

In 1901, the Berlin Annals of Physics published his first article "Consequences of the theory of capillarity" (Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen), devoted to the analysis of the forces of attraction between atoms of liquids on the basis of the theory of capillarity.

A former classmate, Marcel Grossman, helped to overcome the difficulties, who recommended Einstein for the position of an expert III class in the Federal Bureau of Patent Inventions (Bern) with a salary of 3,500 francs a year (during his student years he lived on 100 francs a month).

Einstein worked at the Patent Office from July 1902 to October 1909, primarily in the peer review of applications for inventions. In 1903 he became a permanent employee of the Bureau. The nature of his work allowed Einstein to devote his free time to research in the field of theoretical physics.

In October 1902, Einstein received news from Italy of his father's illness. Hermann Einstein died a few days after his son's arrival. On January 6, 1903, Einstein married twenty-seven-year-old Mileva Maric. They had three children.

Since 1904, Einstein collaborated with the leading physics journal of Germany, Annals of Physics, providing abstracts of new articles on thermodynamics for its abstract applications. Probably, the authority gained by this in the editorial office contributed to his own publications in 1905.

1905 went down in the history of physics as "Year of Miracles" (Annus Mirabilis)... This year, the Annals of Physics published three outstanding papers by Einstein, which marked the beginning of a new scientific revolution:

1. "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies" (German Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper). The theory of relativity begins with this article.

2. "On one heuristic point of view concerning the origin and transformation of light" (German Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichts betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt). One of the works that laid the foundation for quantum theory.

3. "On the motion of particles suspended in a fluid at rest, required by the molecular-kinetic theory of heat" (German Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen) is a work devoted to Brownian motion and significantly advanced statistical physics.

Einstein was often asked the question: how did you manage to create the theory of relativity? Half in jest, half in earnest, he replied: “Why exactly did I create the theory of relativity? When I ask myself this question, it seems to me that the reason is the following. A normal adult does not think about the problem of space and time at all. In his opinion, he already thought about this problem in childhood. developed intellectually so slowly that space and time occupied my thoughts when I became an adult. Naturally, I could penetrate deeper into the problem than a child with normal inclinations. ".

In 1907, Einstein published the quantum theory of heat capacity (the old theory at low temperatures was strongly at odds with experiment). Later (1912) Debye, Born and Karman refined Einstein's theory of heat capacity, and excellent agreement with experiment was achieved.

In 1827, Robert Brown observed under a microscope and subsequently described the chaotic movement of pollen floating in the water. Einstein, based on molecular theory, developed a statistical and mathematical model of such a movement. Based on his model of diffusion, it was possible, among other things, to estimate with good accuracy the size of molecules and their number per unit volume. At the same time, Smoluchowski came to similar conclusions, whose article was published several months later than Einstein's.

His work on statistical mechanics, titled "Redefining molecular sizes", Einstein submitted to the Polytechnic as a dissertation and in the same 1905 received the title of Doctor of Philosophy (equivalent to candidate of natural sciences) in physics. The following year, Einstein developed his theory in a new article, "On the theory of Brownian motion," and subsequently returned to this topic several times.

Soon (1908), Perrin's measurements fully confirmed the adequacy of Einstein's model, which became the first experimental proof of the molecular-kinetic theory, which was actively attacked by positivists in those years.

Max Born wrote (1949): "I think that these studies of Einstein, more than all other works, convince physicists of the reality of atoms and molecules, of the validity of the theory of heat and the fundamental role of probability in the laws of nature."... Einstein's work on statistical physics is cited even more often than his work on the theory of relativity. The formula he derived for the diffusion coefficient and its relation to the dispersion of coordinates turned out to be applicable in the most general class of problems: Markov diffusion processes, electrodynamics, etc.

Later, in the article "Towards the quantum theory of radiation" (1917) Einstein, proceeding from statistical considerations, for the first time suggested the existence of a new type of radiation, which occurs under the influence of an external electromagnetic field ("Induced radiation"). In the early 1950s, a method was proposed for amplifying light and radio waves, based on the use of stimulated radiation, and in subsequent years it formed the basis of the theory of lasers.

The works of 1905 brought Einstein, although not immediately, worldwide fame. On April 30, 1905, he sent to the University of Zurich the text of his doctoral dissertation on "Redefining Molecular Sizes." The reviewers were Professors Kleiner and Burkhard.

In 1909, he attended a convention of naturalists in Salzburg, where the elite of German physics gathered, and met Planck for the first time. For 3 years of correspondence, they quickly became close friends and maintained this friendship for the rest of their lives.

After the convention, Einstein finally got a paid post of extraordinary professor at the University of Zurich (December 1909), where his old friend Marcel Grossmann taught geometry. The pay was small, especially for a family with two children, and in 1911 Einstein did not hesitate to accept an invitation to head the physics department at the German University in Prague.

During this period, Einstein continued to publish a series of articles on thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum theory. In Prague, he intensifies research on the theory of gravitation, with the goal of creating a relativistic theory of gravity and fulfilling the old dream of physicists - to exclude Newtonian long-range action from this area.

In 1911, Einstein participated in the First Solvay Congress (Brussels) dedicated to quantum physics. There, his only meeting with Poincaré, who continued to reject the theory of relativity, took place, although he personally treated Einstein with great respect.

At the end of 1913, on the recommendation of Planck and Nernst, Einstein received an invitation to head the physical research institute; he is also credited as a professor at the University of Berlin. In addition to being close to Planck's friend, this position had the advantage that it did not oblige him to be distracted by teaching. He accepted the invitation, and in the pre-war 1914 year, a dedicated pacifist Einstein arrived in Berlin.

Mileva and her children stayed in Zurich, their family broke up. They officially divorced in February 1919.

Citizenship of Switzerland, a neutral country, helped Einstein withstand the militarist pressure after the outbreak of the war. He did not sign any "patriotic" appeals, on the contrary - in co-authorship with the physiologist Georg Friedrich Nikolai, he compiled an anti-war "Appeal to the Europeans" as opposed to the chauvinist manifesto of the 93's, and in a letter he wrote: “Will future generations thank our Europe, in which three centuries of the most intense cultural work have led only to the fact that religious madness was replaced by nationalistic madness? different countries act like they've had their brains amputated ".

In 1915, in a conversation with the Dutch physicist Vander de Haaz, Einstein proposed a scheme and calculation of the experiment, which, after successful implementation, was named "Einstein - de Haas effect"... The result of the experiment inspired Niels Bohr, who two years earlier created a planetary model of the atom, since he confirmed that there are circular electron currents inside atoms, and electrons do not emit in their orbits. It was these propositions that Bohr made the basis of his model.

In addition, it was found that the total magnetic moment is twice the expected; the reason for this was clarified when the spin was discovered - the proper angular momentum of the electron.

After the end of the war, Einstein continued his work in the former areas of physics, and also engaged in new areas - relativistic cosmology and the "Unified field theory", which, according to his plan, was to unite gravity, electromagnetism and (preferably) the theory of the microworld. The first article on cosmology, "Cosmological Considerations for General Relativity," appeared in 1917.

After that, Einstein experienced a mysterious "invasion of diseases" - in addition to serious liver problems, a stomach ulcer was discovered, then jaundice and general weakness. For several months he did not get out of bed, but continued to work actively. Only in 1920 did the diseases recede.

In June 1919, Einstein married his mother's cousin Elsa Löwenthal (née Einstein) and adopted her two children. At the end of the year, his seriously ill mother Paulina moved in with them. She passed away in February 1920. Judging by the letters, Einstein took her death hard.

Elsa Einstein

In the fall of 1919, the English expedition of Arthur Eddington at the time of the eclipse recorded the deflection of light predicted by Einstein in the gravitational field of the Sun. In this case, the measured value corresponded not to Newton's, but to Einstein's law of gravitation. The sensational news was reprinted by newspapers all over Europe, although the essence of the new theory was most often presented in a shamelessly distorted form. Einstein's fame reached unprecedented heights.

In May 1920, Einstein, along with other members of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, was sworn in as a civil servant and was legally considered a German citizen. However, he retained Swiss citizenship until the end of his life.

Einstein was repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics. The first such nomination (for the theory of relativity) took place, at the initiative of Wilhelm Ostwald, already in 1910, but the Nobel Committee considered the experimental evidence of the theory of relativity insufficient. Further, the nomination of Einstein's candidacy was repeated annually, except for 1911 and 1915. Among the recommendation over the years were such prominent physicists as Lorenz, Planck, Bohr, Wien, Chwolson, de Haaz, Laue, Zeeman, Kamerling-Onnes, Hadamar, Eddington, Sommerfeld and Arrhenius.

However, the members of the Nobel Committee for a long time did not dare to award the prize to the author of such revolutionary theories. In the end, a diplomatic solution was found: the prize for 1921 was awarded to Einstein (in November 1922) for the theory of the photoelectric effect, that is, for the most indisputable and well-tested work in the experiment; however, the text of the decision contained a neutral addition: "... and for other works in the field of theoretical physics."

On November 10, 1922, the secretary of the Swedish Academy of Sciences Christopher Aurivillius wrote to Einstein: "As I already informed you by telegram, the Royal Academy of Sciences at its yesterday's meeting decided to award you a prize in physics for the past year, thereby celebrating your work in theoretical physics, in particular the discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, without taking into account your work on the theory relativity and the theory of gravity, which will be evaluated after their confirmation in the future ".

Since Einstein was away, Rudolf Nadolny, the German ambassador to Sweden, accepted the prize on his behalf on December 10, 1922. Previously, he asked for confirmation whether Einstein was a citizen of Germany or Switzerland. The Prussian Academy of Sciences officially assured that Einstein was a German citizen, although his Swiss citizenship was also recognized as valid. On his return to Berlin, Einstein received the insignia accompanying the award personally from the Swedish ambassador.

Naturally, Einstein devoted his traditional Nobel speech (in July 1923) to the theory of relativity.

In 1929, the world celebrated Einstein's 50th birthday noisily. The hero of the day did not take part in the celebrations and hid in his villa near Potsdam, where he enthusiastically grew roses. Here he received friends - scientists, Emmanuel Lasker, Charlie Chaplin and others.

In addition to theoretical research, Einstein also owned several inventions, including:

very low voltage meter (with Konrad Habicht)
a device that automatically determines the exposure time when taking photos
original hearing aid
silent refrigerator (shared with Szilard)
gyro-compass.

Until about 1926, Einstein worked in so many areas of physics, from cosmological models to investigating the causes of river meanders. Further, with rare exceptions, he focuses his efforts on quantum problems and the Unified Field Theory.

As the economic crisis in Weimar Germany grew, political instability intensified, which contributed to the strengthening of radical nationalist and anti-Semitic sentiments. Insults and threats against Einstein became more frequent, and one of the leaflets even offered a large reward (50,000 marks) for his head. After the Nazis came to power, all of Einstein's works were either attributed to "Aryan" physicists, or declared a distortion of true science.

In 1933, Einstein had to leave Germany, to which he was very attached, forever. Together with his family, he went to the United States of America on guest visas. Soon, in protest against the crimes of Nazism, he renounced German citizenship and membership in the Prussian and Bavarian academies of sciences.

After moving to the United States, Albert Einstein was promoted to professor of physics at the newly established Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ).

The eldest son, Hans-Albert (1904-1973), soon followed (1938) - later he became a recognized specialist in hydraulics and professor University of California (1947). Einstein's youngest son, Edward (1910-1965), fell ill with a severe form of schizophrenia around 1930 and ended his days in a Zurich psychiatric hospital. Einstein's cousin, Lina, died in Auschwitz, another sister, Bertha Dreyfus, died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp.

In the United States, Einstein instantly became one of the most famous and respected people in the country, gaining a reputation as the most brilliant scientist in history, as well as the personification of the image of the "absent-minded professor" and the intellectual capabilities of man in general. The following January, 1934, he was invited to the White House to President Franklin Roosevelt, had a cordial conversation with him, and even spent the night there. Every day, Einstein received hundreds of letters of various contents, to which (even children) he tried to answer. As a world-renowned natural scientist, he remained an approachable, modest, undemanding and affable person.

Elsa died of heart disease in December 1936; Marcel Grossman had died three months earlier in Zurich. Einstein's loneliness was brightened up by his sister Maya, stepdaughter Margot (daughter of Elsa from her first marriage), secretary Ellen Ducas, the cat Tiger and the white terrier Chico.

To the surprise of the Americans, Einstein never got a car or TV. Maya was partially paralyzed after a stroke in 1946, and every evening Einstein read books to his beloved sister.

In August 1939, Einstein signed a letter written at the initiative of the Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, addressed to the President of the United States. The letter drew the president's attention to the possibility that Nazi Germany could create an atomic bomb.

After several months of deliberation, Roosevelt decided to take this threat seriously and opened his own project to create atomic weapons. Einstein himself did not take part in these works. Later, he regretted the letter he signed, realizing that for the new US leader, Harry Truman, nuclear energy serves as an instrument of intimidation. Later, he criticized the development of nuclear weapons, their use in Japan and the tests on the Bikini Atoll (1954), and considered his involvement in accelerating work on the American nuclear program to be the greatest tragedy of his life. His aphorisms were widely known: “We won the war, but not the peace”; “If the third world war will be fought atomic bombs, then the fourth - with stones and sticks ”.

During the war, Einstein advised the United States Navy and helped solve various technical problems.

In the postwar years Einstein became one of the founders of the Pugwash movement of scientists for peace... Although his first conference was held after the death of Einstein (1957), the initiative to create such a movement was expressed in the widely known Russell-Einstein Manifesto (co-written with Bertrand Russell), which also warned of the dangers of creating and using a hydrogen bomb.

Within the framework of this movement, Einstein, who was its chairman, together with Frederic Joliot-Curie and other world famous scientists, fought against the arms race, the creation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons.

In September 1947, in an open letter to the delegations of the UN member states, he proposed to reorganize the UN General Assembly, turning it into a continuously working world parliament with broader powers than the Security Council, which (according to Einstein) is paralyzed in its actions due to veto rights. To which, in November 1947, the largest Soviet scientists (S. I. Vavilov, A. F. Ioffe, N. N. Semenov, A. A. Frumkin) in an open letter expressed disagreement with the position of A. Einstein.

Until the end of his life, Einstein continued to work on the study of problems of cosmology, but he directed his main efforts towards creating a unified field theory.

In 1955, Einstein's health deteriorated sharply. He wrote a will and said to his friends: "I have completed my task on Earth." His last work was an unfinished appeal calling for the prevention of nuclear war.

Stepdaughter Margot recalled her last meeting with Einstein at the hospital: "He spoke with deep calmness, about doctors, even with a light humor, and waited for his death as an upcoming" phenomenon of nature. "How fearless he was during his lifetime, how quiet and peaceful he met death. world".

Albert Einstein died on April 18, 1955 at 1:25 am, at the age of 77 in Princeton from an aortic aneurysm.

Before his death, he spoke a few words in German, but the American nurse could not reproduce them later. Not accepting any forms of personality cult, he forbade a magnificent burial with loud ceremonies, for which he wished that the place and time of the burial were not disclosed. On April 19, 1955, the funeral of the great scientist was held without wide publicity, which was attended by only 12 of his closest friends.

His body was burned at the Ewing Cemetery crematorium, and his ashes were scattered in the wind.

Biography and episodes of life Albert Einstein. When born and died Albert Einstein, memorable places and dates important events his life. Quotes from a theoretical physicist, Photo and video.

Albert Einstein's years of life:

born March 14, 1879, died April 18, 1955

Epitaph

“You are the god of the most paradoxical theories!
I want to find something wonderful too ...
Let there be death - let's believe a priori! -
The beginning of the highest form of being. "
From a poem by Vadim Rozov in memory of Einstein

Biography

Albert Einstein is one of the most famous physicists in recent centuries. In his biography, Einstein made a number of great discoveries and revolutionized scientific thinking. His scientific path was not easy, just as the personal life of Albert Einstein was not simple, but after himself he left a huge legacy that still gives food for thought to modern scientists.

He was born into a simple, poor Jewish family. As a child, Einstein did not like school, so he preferred to study at home, which gave rise to some gaps in his education (for example, he wrote with mistakes), as well as many myths that Einstein was a stupid student. So, when Einstein entered the Polytechnic in Zurich, he received brilliant grades in mathematics, but failed exams in botany and French, so he had to study at school for some time to enter again. Studying at the Polytechnic was easy for him, and there he met his future wife Mileva, to whom some biographers attributed the merits of Einstein. Their first child was born before marriage, what happened next to the girl is unknown. She may have died in infancy or was fostered. However, Einstein was not a man fit for marriage. All his life he devoted himself entirely to science.

After graduating from university, Einstein got a job at the patent office in Bern, writing many scientific publications during his work - and in his free time, since he coped with his work duties very quickly. In 1905, Einstein put his thoughts on paper for the first time about his future theory of relativity, which said that the laws of physics should have the same form in any frame of reference.

For many years in a row, Einstein taught at European universities and worked on his scientific ideas. He stopped teaching regularly at universities in 1914, and a year later published the final version of the theory of relativity. But, contrary to popular misconception, Einstein received the Nobel Prize not for her, but for the "photoelectric effect." Einstein lived in Germany from 1914 to 1933, but with the rise of fascism in the country, he was forced to immigrate to America, where he remained until his death - he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study, was looking for a theory about a unified equation from which the phenomena of gravity could be extracted and electromagnetism, but these studies were unsuccessful. Last years he spent his life with his wife Elsa Löventhal, his cousin, and children from his wife's first marriage, whom he adopted.

Einstein's death occurred on the night of April 18, 1955 in Princeton. Einstein's cause of death was aortic aneurysm. Before his death, Einstein forbade any magnificent farewells to his body and asked not to disclose the time and place of his burial. Therefore, the funeral of Albert Einstein was held without any publicity, they were attended only by his close friends. Einstein's grave does not exist, as his body was burned in the crematorium, and the ashes were scattered.

Life line

March 14, 1879 Albert Einstein's date of birth.
1880 g.Moving to Munich.
1893 g. Moving to Switzerland.
1895 g. Studying at school in Aarau.
1896 g. Admission to the Zurich Polytechnic (now the Swiss Higher technical school Zurich).
1902 g. Joining the Federal Office for Patent Inventions in Bern, death of his father.
January 6, 1903 Marriage to Mileva Marich, birth of daughter Lieserl, whose fate is unknown.
1904 g. Einstein's son Hans Albert is born.
1905 g. First discoveries.
1906 g. Obtaining a PhD in Physics.
1909 g. Received the position of professor at the University of Zurich.
1910 g. Eduard Einstein's son is born.
1911 g. Einstein headed the Department of Physics at the German University in Prague (now Charles University).
1914 g. Return to Germany.
february 1919 Divorce from Mileva Marich.
june 1919 Marriage to Elsa Loeventhal.
1921 g. Receiving the Nobel Prize.
1933 g. Moving to the USA.
December 20, 1936 Date of death of Einstein's wife, Elsa Loeventhal.
April 18, 1955 Einstein's death date.
April 19, 1955Einstein's funeral.

Memorable places

1. Monument to Einstein in Ulm on the site of the house in which he was born.
2. House-Museum of Albert Einstein in Bern, in the house where the scientist lived in 1903-1905. and where his theory of relativity was born.
3. Einstein's house in 1909-1911. in Zurich.
4. Einstein's house in 1912-1914. in Zurich.
5. Einstein's house in 1918-1933. in Berlin.
6. Einstein's house in 1933-1955 at Princeton.
7. Swiss Higher Technical School of Zurich (formerly Zurich Polytechnic), where Einstein studied.
8. University of Zurich, where Einstein taught in 1909-1911.
9. Charles University (former German University), where Einstein taught.
10. Memorial plaque to Einstein in Prague, on the house, which he visited while teaching at the Prague German University.
11. Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where Einstein worked after immigration to the United States.
12. Monument to Albert Einstein in Washington, USA.
13. Crematorium of the Ewing-Semetery cemetery, in which Einstein's body was burned.

Episodes of life

Once, at a social reception, Einstein met the Hollywood actress Marilyn Monroe. Flirtatiously, she said: “If we had a child, he would inherit my beauty and your mind. It would be fantastic". To which the scientist ironically remarked: "And if he turns out to be beautiful, like me, and smart, like you?" Nevertheless, the scientist and the actress were linked by mutual sympathy and respect for a long time, which even gave rise to many rumors about their love affair.

Einstein was a fan of Chaplin, adored his films. Once he wrote a letter to his idol with the words: “Your film“ Gold Rush ”is understood by everyone in the world, and I am sure that you will become a great person! Einstein ". To which the great actor and director replied: “I admire you even more. Nobody in the world understands your theory of relativity, but you still became a great man! Chaplin ". Chaplin and Einstein became close friends, the scientist often received the actor at home.

Einstein once said: “If two percent of young people in a country give up military service, then the government will not be able to resist them, and there will simply not be enough places in prisons ”. This spawned an entire anti-war movement among young Americans who wore 2% badges on their chests.

While dying, Einstein spoke a few words in German, but the American nurse could not understand and remember them. Despite the fact that Einstein lived for many years in America, he claimed that he did not speak English well, and German remained his native language.

Covenant

“Caring for a person and his fate should be the main goal in science. Never forget this among your drawings and equations. "

"Only the life that is lived for people is valuable."

Albert Einstein documentary

Condolences

"Humanity will always be indebted to Einstein for removing the limitations of our worldview, which were associated with primitive ideas about absolute space and time."
Niels Bohr, Danish theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate

“If Einstein had not existed, physics of the 20th century would have been different. This cannot be said about any other scientist ... He occupied a position in social life that is unlikely to be occupied in the future by another scientist. No one, in fact, knows why, but he entered the public consciousness of the whole world, becoming a living symbol of science and the ruler of the thoughts of the twentieth century. Einstein was the most noble man we have ever met. "
Charles Percy Snow, English writer, physicist

"He always had some kind of magical purity, both childish and infinitely stubborn."
Robert Oppenheimer, American theoretical physicist