Training in the basics of military. Organization of education of citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions
In encyclopedic sources it is noted: "Combat readiness is a state that determines the degree of preparedness of troops to carry out the tasks assigned to them ... This is, ultimately, the crown of combat skill in peacetime and the key to victory in war." 1
Many works have been written about the concept of "combat readiness", its essence and the need to maintain it in the troops. Combat readiness is of particular importance for the Russian Armed Forces. Untimely and disorganized bringing them to combat readiness with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War turned into grave consequences not only for the army, but also for the country as a whole, with the death of millions of people.
In the Soviet period, a corresponding conclusion was drawn from this lesson. I would like to recall what efforts the military and non-military people of the entire country had to make in order to subsequently maintain the combat capability of the army and navy for many decades at an appropriate level and thereby preserve the peaceful labor of its citizens. This problem is still relevant now. Experience has been accumulated in creating a coherent system of combat readiness of the domestic Armed Forces. This is an example of the creative, selfless labor of the people and the army.
In the post-war period, military science gave an objective assessment of the reasons for miscalculations in ensuring the combat readiness of the Red Army on the eve of the war and in its initial period, and developed certain recommendations in order to avoid mistakes in the future. Everything that was done in the Soviet period in the field of improving the organizational and staff structure of formations and units, their technical equipment, control system, combat training, combat, technical and logistical support, strengthening the moral and psychological state of personnel, discipline and organization, as a result was aims to ensure that the troops in the event of war were not caught unawares.
It was concluded that the country's Armed Forces should be in constant high combat readiness to repel a sudden attack of the aggressor, be able to fulfill the tasks assigned to them at any time. After World War II, the development of the theory and practice of combat readiness can be divided into five main stages. The first stage covers eight and a half years - from 1945 to 1953. It is due to the transfer of the Armed Forces to a peaceful position, their reorganization and modernization. At this time, complete mechanization and motorization of the army was carried out, technical renewal of all branches of the armed forces was carried out, jet aviation was created and the country's air defense troops were formed. During this period, requirements were formulated to maintain the combat readiness of troops in peacetime.
It was taken into account that during the Korean War (1950–1953), new combat weapons were used - jet aircraft, effective incendiary means - napalm, and some types of bacteriological and chemical weapons. The second stage took six years - from 1954 to 1960. It is characterized by massive equipment of all branches of the Armed Forces nuclear weapons, the creation and introduction of new weapons, the restructuring of organizational structures and, accordingly, a revision of views on the nature of the operation and battle. The troops switched to a new system of stage-by-stage bringing of formations to combat readiness, in accordance with which three sides of combat readiness were envisaged: daily, increased and full. The third stage includes the next ten years - from 1961 to 1970.
This was the decade of the creation of strategic nuclear forces, the massive introduction of missiles for various purposes into all types of the Armed Forces, the appearance of military space assets, and a sharp leap in the development of information and control systems. During this period, according to the state of combat readiness levels, the Armed Forces were divided into several categories. At the same time, most of the troops, forces and means capable of immediately starting combat missions without additional deployment belonged to permanent readiness troops.
These are strategic missile forces, all foreign groups of forces, a significant part of the air defense forces, the air force and the navy. The second category included connections with a short readiness period (1–2 days). Most of these formations were part of the border military districts. The third category included reduced-strength troops with mobilization readiness periods of up to 10-15 days. The fourth category included framed formations with a deployment period of 20 to 30 days from the start of the war. The fourth stage lasted from 1971 to 1980. and was also very rich in content. In the state of the Armed Forces, their combat readiness, there was a sharp qualitative breakthrough at this time. Their strategic potential has increased several times.
Particular attention was paid to increasing the combat readiness of the Strategic Missile Forces. They have moved to a new level of management. The "Signal A" system was put into operation. This improved missile force control system was combined with a centralized combat control system of the Armed Forces (CBU "Center"). The warning time for MCR starts was increased to 30–35 minutes, and for RSD and BRLP starts - up to 5–8 minutes. A new element of "air mobility" appeared in the combat readiness system, which influenced the timing of the maneuver. This was facilitated by the Vietnam War, where multipurpose helicopters were used in large numbers.
Taking into account the increased ground and air mobility of troops on the battlefield, it was necessary to make certain adjustments to the standards for bringing troops to combat readiness. It is also significant that the war in Vietnam, as well as the wars in the Middle East (1967, 1973, 1982) marked the beginning of the wars of a new technological era, where the mass use of guided high-precision weapons was characteristic: in Vietnam, these are air defense systems, guided aerial bombs, and homing aviation Shrike missiles, in the Middle East - ATGM guided missiles, air defense missiles, air-to-air missiles, which correspond to the "shot and hit" concept. The fifth stage in the development of the system of combat readiness of troops took the period from the 80s to the 90s. Its main content was the wars in Afghanistan (1979–1989), in the Persian Gulf (1991), and military campaigns in the North Caucasus (1994–1996; 1999–2000). It is essential that from one local war to another, new weapons systems began to be introduced more and more intensively. If in the war in Korea 9 fundamentally new combat systems were put into operation, in Vietnam - 25, in the Middle East - 30, then in the war in the Persian Gulf zone - 100.
A new quality manifested itself in the fact that in the 90s the proportion of the use of high-precision weapons was steadily increasing. If in Operation Desert Storm (1991) the share of guided bombs was 8 percent, then after 7 years during the Operation Desert Fox against Iraq (1998) their share increased to 70 percent, in Operation Intimidating Force (1999) against Yugoslavia - up to 90%. of all American weapons were guided high-precision weapons. Taking into account the changed conditions in the 70s, a new system for bringing troops to combat readiness was developed. It provided for an orderly order and the possibility of an extreme deployment of forces and means in the event of a sudden crisis.
A genuine revolution in views on war, methods of waging it and, accordingly, the system for ensuring the combat readiness of the Armed Forces was due to grandiose scientific breakthroughs in nuclear physics, optics, solid state physics, radiophysics, thermal physics, space, electronic and laser technology and other scientific fields. The development of the theory and practice of combat readiness of the Armed Forces was largely facilitated by the harmonious system of operational-strategic exercises in the theater of operations. So, from 1971 to 1980, 9 such exercises were conducted in the West, 7 exercises in the East, 2 exercises in the South, 4 operational-strategic exercises of the Air Defense Forces, 3 operational-strategic exercises of the Air Force, 2 strategic exercises of the Navy. The whole range of problems of the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of that time was reflected in military theoretical works that appeared from 1961 to 1990, including such as "The initial period of the war" (1964), "General problems of Soviet military strategy" (1969) , "Strategic Operation in the Theater of Operations" (1966), "War and the Art of War" (1972), "War and the Army" (1977), "Modern War" (1978), "Military Strategy" (1970), "Combined Arms battle ”(1965), Field Manual of the Armed Forces (1948), etc. An analysis of the theory and practice of combat readiness of troops in the Soviet period would be incomplete without highlighting the psychological aspect of the problem.
In textbooks psychology is considered as the science of laws, mechanisms, conditions, factors and features of the development and functioning of the human psyche. Its separate branch is military psychology, which studies the laws of the psyche and behavior of people in military service, especially in a combat situation. 2
Combat research is the study of the laws of human action in combat. At one time, Clausewitz wrote: "Battle is the ultimate goal of the army, and man is the first weapon of battle, without accurate knowledge of man and his condition at the decisive moment of battle, no tactics is possible." But the nature of human psychology has remained unchanged for centuries. People are still guided in their behavior by passions, base inclinations, instincts, and in particular, the strongest one - the instinct of self-preservation, which can manifest itself in a battle in various forms: in the form of fear, indifference, and sometimes panic.
To be able to control a person's behavior in battle, to cultivate fearlessness in him, inspire him to feat, mobilize him to perform a combat mission - this means ensuring the proper combat capability of a unit in any situation. Napoleon said: "The instinct of every person is not to be killed by the defenseless."
Philosophers argue that it was human knowledge that created Roman tactics and ensured Julius Caesar's success. 3 Fight tests a person for spiritual and physical strength. The famous historian B. M. Teplov's statement about fear in battle is noteworthy. “The question is not,” he writes, “whether a person experiences the emotion of fear in battle or does not experience any emotion, but whether he experiences the negative emotion of fear and the positive emotion of combat excitement. The latter is a necessary companion of military vocation and military talent. " 4
Maintaining proper combat readiness in battle is impossible without the combat cohesion of the subunit, without bold, decisive actions by the military, which is the result of their purposeful training and education. Perhaps the most difficult and most important thing in a commander's work is managing people's behavior in battle. For this, it is necessary to find ways to the heart of every soldier, to awaken the best fighting qualities in him. MI Dragomirov wrote that "only war causes that joint tension of all the spiritual aspects of a person, especially his will, which shows the full measure of his power and which does not cause any other kind of activity." five
As a conclusion from what has been considered, we note that without instilling such fighting qualities in servicemen as decisiveness, courage, courage, combat activity, willingness to take reasonable risks, firmness of character, initiative, collectivism, military comradeship, mutual assistance, composure in the face of mortal danger, belief in the superiority of their weapons, the ability to control oneself in stressful situations it is impossible to ensure high combat readiness of the unit. Taking care of this is the most important duty of the commander.
By the strength of his intellect, depth of foresight, originality of the plan for battle, military cunning, decisiveness of action, achievement of surprise, swiftness of maneuver, clarity and flexibility in coordinating the combat efforts of forces and means, firmness and flexibility in leadership of subunits, a commander can double and triple the combat capabilities of a subunit. The time factor plays a decisive role in ensuring combat readiness. The loss of time is irreplaceable. Strengthening the combat readiness and combat capability of a unit is the work of today and for the future. It is required to take into account not only what a potential enemy has today, but also what weapons he will have tomorrow.
LITERATURE
1 . Soviet military encyclopedia, vol. I, 1976. Moscow: Military Publishing. P. 511.
2. Military psychology and pedagogy. Tutorial... M .: "Perfection". 1998.S. 10.
3. Shumov S. Weapons, army, war, battle. Kiev-Moscow: "AlternativeEvrolints", 2003. S. 399.
4 . Teplov B.M.The mind of a commander. M .: Pedagogy. 1990.S. 97.
five . Dragomirov M.I. Analysis of war and peace. SPb.: 1898. P. 14.
I.N. V. A. Vorobiev KISELEV
Combat readiness armed forces (troops), a state that determines the degree of preparedness of each type of armed forces (troops) to perform the assigned combat missions. The presence of weapons of mass destruction in the armament of the army and the possibility of their sudden and massive use make high demands on the battle of the armed forces (troops). The Armed Forces must be capable of starting active hostilities at any time on land, at sea and in the air. For this purpose, in modern armies, it is envisaged to maintain troops in a constant (daily) battle. A constant battle is provided by the necessary manning of troops, weapons, equipment, supplies of materiel, as well as high training of personnel.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Combat Readiness" is in other dictionaries:
Combat readiness - COMBAT READINESS, so called the readiness of troops to march in the transition from a peaceful situation to the military. B. Term Goth. is made up of the time required for mobilization, that is, for staffing with people, horses, replenishing supplies and ... Military encyclopedia
The ability of troops (forces), in any conditions of the situation, to start military operations on time and successfully carry out assigned tasks. Determined by the combat capability of troops (forces), the correct understanding by commanders, headquarters, timely ... ... Marine dictionary
combat readiness - kovinė parengtis statusas T sritis apsauga nuo naikinimo priemonių apibrėžtis Ginkluotųjų pajėgų būsena, kai jos pasirengusios bet kurioje situacijoje ir nustatytu laiku pradėti kovos veiksmus ir nustatytu laiku pradėti kovos veiksmus ir nustatytu laiku pradėti kovos veiksmus Kovinę parengtį ... Apsaugos nuo naikinimo priemonių enciklopedinis žodynas
combat readiness - Combat / I readiness (number one) 1) The ability of troops to start and successfully conduct combat operations at any time. 2) joking. About complete, instant readiness for what l. Bring yourself to combat readiness number one ... Dictionary of many expressions
Combat readiness - a state that ensures the ability of troops (forces) in any conditions of the situation to start military operations on time and successfully carry out assigned tasks. It is determined by the combat capability of troops (forces), timely preparation for the forthcoming ... Dictionary of military terms
Combat readiness - the state of formations, formations, units (ships), subunits of troops and bodies of the RF SS, which determines their ability to fulfill the assigned service combat tasks in an organized and timely manner for the protection and protection of the State Geographical Society of the Russian Federation, the protection of internal ... Frontier Dictionary
Combat readiness - the ability of troops to quickly concentrate efforts to repel superior enemy forces in a defensive battle or to deliver a powerful blow to the enemy in a chosen direction in an offensive battle. B. g of troops depends on training ... ... A short dictionary of operational-tactical and general military terms
COMBAT READINESS - the state of the troops (forces), which allows them to start combat operations in an organized manner and on time, in the course of which to successfully complete the assigned tasks. Determined by the combat capability of troops (forces) and timely. their preparation for the upcoming actions. IN … Encyclopedia of Strategic Missile Forces
Battle readiness of fortresses - THE BATTLE READINESS OF KRѢPOSTES, which are for the most part the advanced strongholds of the state, is not less important than B. Goth. army and navy, relying on these krѣp .: unpreparedness of krѣp., as an essential sign of the general unpreparedness of this state to ... Military encyclopedia
The state of the ship (formation), which characterizes the ability to engage in combat with the enemy (including to repel his surprise attack). Has several conditions (No. 1,2). For example, according to the combat readiness of the ship No. 1, the entire personnel of the ship ... ... Marine dictionary
Books
- Bitterness of taiga berries, Vladimir Petrov. Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Nikolaevich Petrov is forty-four years old. For twenty-eight of them, he is closely associated with the army, with service in the air defense forces. Onsam was a pilot, a signalman, ...
Order of the RF Ministry of Defense and the RF Ministry of Education and Science of February 24, 2010 N 96/134
"On approval of the Instruction on the organization of training for citizens Russian Federation basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training sites "
Pursuant to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 N 1441 "On approval of the Regulation on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 2, Art. 225; 2009, N 25, Art. 3064 ) we order:
1. To approve the Instruction on the organization of training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers (annex to this order).
2. Control over the implementation of this order shall be entrusted to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Main Organizational and Mobilization Directorate) and Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation I.I.
|
Defense Minister |
A. Serdyukov |
|
Minister of Education and Science |
A. Fursenko |
Registration N 16866
The procedure for training Russian citizens in the field of defense and training in the basics of military service has been determined. Events are held in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, primary and secondary vocational education, in educational centers.
The objectives of the training are to form the moral, psychological and physical qualities of a citizen necessary for military service, to foster patriotism, respect for the armed forces, to study the main provisions of the legislation in the field of state defense, to acquire skills in civil defense, etc.
In educational institutions, the educational and material base is created and is constantly being improved. It includes a subject room with educational and visual aids, technical teaching aids, a sports campus with an obstacle course, a shooting range or a shooting place (electronic shooting simulator).
The basics of military service are taught by pedagogical workers educational institutions... They are selected together with the military commissariat.
Training centers are being created in educational institutions. Here, citizens who have reached the age of 16, who are not studying in the institutions themselves and who have not been trained in the basics of military service, can gain knowledge. Training groups of 20-30 people each are being created. Classes are held 2-3 times a week. Their duration is 2-3 hours.
At the end of the training, citizens take credits. A special commission is being created.
On the basis of formations and military units of the Armed Forces, other troops, formations and bodies, training sessions are held annually. All citizens studying in educational institutions and training centers are involved in them. Exceptions are persons exempted from fees for health reasons. The duration of the training camp is 5 days (35 training hours).
The standards for the material and technical equipment of educational institutions, safety requirements for shooting, the recommended procedure for assessing the results of training sessions have been established. A sample curriculum is provided.
Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of February 24, 2010 N 96/134 "On approval of the Instruction on the organization of training citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education , educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers "
Registration N 16866
This order comes into force 10 days after the day of its official publication
Alim Balkarov, lawyer, Rostov-on-Don.
According to the law, schools must be provided with an educational and material base used to provide students with basic knowledge in the field of defense and to master the basics of military service. But often educational institutions do not have such a base. In this regard, prosecutors have recently increased their appeal to the court with the requirement to provide schools with appropriate classrooms, technical means, etc.
Legal basis
One of the tasks of the modern youth policy of our country is the patriotic education of the younger generation. To solve this problem, a complex of educational activities is carried out within the educational process. In educational institutions of secondary (complete) general, primary and secondary vocational education, such activities are:
- obtaining basic knowledge in the field of defense;
- training in the basics of military service (training camps).
According to paragraph 7 of Art. 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 10.07.1992 N 3266-1 "On Education" in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education in accordance with federal state educational standards, students receive basic knowledge about state defense, about conscription of citizens and the acquisition by students of skills in the field of civil defense, as well as training of students - male citizens who have not completed military service - in the basics of military service.
In accordance with Art. 13 of Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-ФЗ "On Military Duty and Military Service", before being drafted for military service, male citizens are trained in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (full) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education for 2 recent years learning.
Clause 3 of the Regulation on the preparation of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 N 1441 (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) provides for the acquisition of basic knowledge about defense, including the acquisition of skills in the field of civil defense. Such training is carried out in state, municipal or non-state educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and in educational centers.
In pursuance of the Regulation by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 96, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 134 dated February 24, 2010, the Instruction on the organization of training of citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in secondary educational institutions, primary educational institutions was approved vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction). It provides for the training of citizens on the basics of military service, which is carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards (clause 6).
According to clause 13 of the Instruction, education of citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions is carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards: within the subject "Fundamentals of life safety" - in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education; in the framework of the discipline "Life Safety" - in educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education.
Clause 14 of the Instruction stipulates that educational institutions create and constantly improve the educational and material base in accordance with the requirements of federal state educational standards. The educational and material base includes: a subject room with educational and visual aids, technical teaching aids, a sports campus with elements of an obstacle course, a shooting range or a shooting place (electronic shooting simulator). But often schools do not comply with this point, and in this regard, the number of prosecutors' appeals to the court has recently increased. In their lawsuits, prosecutors demand the acquisition of items and technical equipment used to obtain knowledge on the basics of military service and military-patriotic education, and sometimes even ask the court to oblige the school’s administration to build obstacle courses in sports towns. Consider the prevailing judicial practice on this issue.
Give me equipment according to standards!
Despite the arguments of school representatives that the federal state educational standards do not take into account teaching using the means of military-patriotic education, and the Instruction is of a recommendatory nature, the courts generally satisfy the requirements of prosecutors and oblige school administrations to acquire the necessary educational and material base for military-patriotic education. education of students. Here are some examples.
The Prosecutor of the Central District of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region, filed a lawsuit in the interests of an indefinite circle of persons against the municipal educational institution "Secondary School N 101" for compulsion to take actions to provide the institution with material and technical equipment for teaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense. In a statement of claim, he demanded that the school administration purchase a shooting range or an electronic shooting simulator.
The court of first instance dismissed the claim on the grounds that no changes have been made to the federal state educational standards to take into account training in a shooting range or on electronic shooting simulators. But the court of the second instance reversed the decision of the court of first instance and ruled to satisfy the claims, since the requirements of the legislation on military obligations in full of the secondary educational institution N 101 are not met, the material and technical base in the specified educational institution does not meet the recommended standards materially - technical equipment for teaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense and training in the basics of military service, in particular, there is no shooting range or a place for shooting (electronic shooting simulator).
On the same grounds (educational institutions did not fulfill the requirements of the Instruction), other judicial decisions of the Central District Court of Novokuznetsk (cases Nos. 33-5699, 33-5700) were canceled, as well as the decision of the Kuibyshevsky District Court of Novokuznetsk dated 05.13. case N 33-5066<1>.
<1> Certificate of the Kemerovo Regional Court dated 02.08.2011 N 01-07 / 26-475.
The prosecutor of the Vyborgsky district appealed to the Vyborgsky District Court of St. Petersburg with a request for the school’s obligation to eliminate violations of the law providing for the training of students in the basics of military service, namely: the lack of teaching aids in the school’s material and technical base (set of posters "Fundamentals and Rules shooting from small arms "), mines of the Russian army, personal protective equipment, radiation reconnaissance devices, chemical reconnaissance devices, a household dosimeter, a model of the simplest shelter in a section or in the format of an electronic educational publication (EOI), a model of a shelter in the context or format of an EOI, a sighting line , electronic educational publications on magnetic and optical media on the subject of the program, medical equipment (apparatus, devices and accessories for traumatology and mechanotherapy).
The court upheld the prosecutor, and the school was ordered to acquire and include the above items in the material and technical base within 30 days from the date of the court decision. By the ruling of the St. Petersburg City Court, the decision of the court of first instance was upheld (Ruling of the St. Petersburg City Court dated 10.03.2011 N 33-3271 / 2011).
But there are opposite solutions.
The prosecutor Pushkin district Of St. Petersburg appealed to the Pushkin District Court of St. Petersburg with a lawsuit against the State educational institution of secondary comprehensive school Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg on the obligation to equip a sports town with elements of an obstacle course within 90 days from the date of entry into force of the court decision.
Refusing to satisfy the claim of the prosecutor of the Pushkinsky district of St. Petersburg, the Pushkinsky district court proceeded from the fact that a typical school stadium (type 1) was equipped and operated in the GOU SOSH, which did not provide for the presence of an obstacle course; training camps are held; planned work is carried out with pre-conscription youth; classes are held in a sports hall with a mobile obstacle course.
The judicial collegium of the St. Petersburg City Court, during the consideration of the cassation submission of the prosecutor in this case, considered that the court of first instance came to the correct and reasonable conclusion that the defendant of the GOU SOSH in the course of its activities implements the requirements of state educational standards of secondary (complete) general education in the field teaching pre-conscription youth the basics of military service, acquiring basic knowledge about state defense, military duty, acquiring skills in the field of civil defense, the respondent created the conditions necessary for training in the field of military-patriotic education, and left the decision in force (Determination of the St. Petersburg City Court from 02.03.2011 N 33-2957 / 2011).
Despite the arguments of school representatives that federal state educational standards do not take into account training using the means of military-patriotic education, the Instruction on the organization of training citizens of the Russian Federation in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, educational institutions of primary vocational and secondary vocational education and training centers is advisory in nature, the courts generally satisfy the requirements of prosecutors and oblige school administrations to acquire the necessary educational material base for military-patriotic education of students.
On the basics of military service in educational institutions
In accordance with the Instruction, the organization of training citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service in educational institutions includes:
Organization of training citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service 1;
The procedure for organizing and conducting training sessions;
Control over the organization of training of citizens with basic knowledge in the field of defense and their preparation on the basics of military service.
Teaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense and training them in the basics of military service in educational institutions carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards.
The management of the organization of training citizens on OVS is entrusted to the heads of educational institutions, and the direct organization and conduct of classes is entrusted to the teachers-organizers of the OVS 2. The selection of candidates for teacher positions is carried out by the head of the educational institution together with the head of the East Kazakhstan region's Defense Ministry department. Candidates for a teacher’s position are interviewed by the head of the East Kazakhstan region’s Defense Ministry department, which is recorded on the conversation list of candidates for teacher positions.
The organization of the educational process in a general educational institution is carried out in accordance with the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2001 No. 196 "On Approval of the Model Regulations on a General Educational Institution", the charter of a general educational institution, a curriculum, educational program and the schedule of classes. To organize the training of citizens in a general educational institution, an order is issued by the head of the institution on the organization and procedure for conducting classes. The educational process in an educational institution is carried out on the basis of a curriculum developed by a general educational institution independently in accordance with a sample curriculum. The study load and the mode of study of students is determined by the charter of a general educational institution in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards. The study load of students should not exceed 36 hours per week.
In accordance with the federal state educational standard S (P) OO and the Instruction, the training of citizens in the basics of military service in educational institutions provides for the conduct of annual training sessions with young men after grade X in the amount of 35 hours.
The organization of the educational process in an educational institution of an NGO is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2008 No. 521 "On approval of the Model Regulations on an educational institution of primary vocational education", the charter of the educational institution, curriculum, educational program and class schedule. The duration of the classroom is 45 minutes. The volume of educational and production workload should not exceed 36 academic hours per week and 6 academic hours per day. In accordance with the federal state standard of NGOs and the Instruction on the penultimate course, during the summer holidays, five-day training camps are held with young men in the amount of 35 hours.
The organization of the educational process in the educational institution of secondary vocational education is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2008 No. 543 “On approval of the Model Regulation on the educational institution of secondary vocational education (specialized secondary educational institution) ”, The charter of the educational institution, the curriculum, educational program and class schedule. The duration of the classroom is 45 minutes. The maximum student workload is 54 academic hours per week, including all types of classroom and extracurricular workloads. The study of the OVS section in educational institutions of secondary vocational education is carried out in discipline "Life Safety". In accordance with the federal state standard for STR and the Instruction in the penultimate course during the period summer holidays with the youths, five-day training camps are held in the amount of 35 hours (outside the grid of study time allocated by the program).
8. Documents of the educational institution on the preparation of citizens
on the basics of military service
Syllabus.
Working programm.
Cool magazine.
Thematic plan.
Plan of conducting lessons on EBC.
The plan for creating and improving the educational and material base for 20 __ / __ academic. year
(Appendix 1).
The plan of military-patriotic education for 20 __ / __ academic. year ( Appendix 2).
The program of the military-patriotic circle.
Work plan for each military-patriotic circle.
A plan for joint activities of an educational institution with a patronizing military unit at 20 __ / __ school. year.
Reporting documentation on the preparation of citizens for EIA for the last 3 years
(Appendix 13).
9. Organization and conduct of training sessions.
In accordance with the Federal Law of 1998 No. 53-FZ with citizens undergoing training in the basics of military service, training camps are held annually.
All citizens studying in educational institutions and training centers, with the exception of those who are exempt from classes for health reasons, are involved in the training camp.
Duration of training camps - 5 days (35 teaching hours ). During the training camp, the following are studied: the placement and life of military personnel, the organization of guard and internal services, elements of combat, fire, tactical, physical and military medical training, as well as issues of radiation, chemical and biological protection of troops. During the training camp, military-vocational guidance events are held.
Training camps are held on the basis of formations and military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and organs. In places where there are no formations and military units, training camps are organized on the basis of regional centers for pre-conscription training of youth for military service, military-patriotic youth and children's public associations of defense sports camps or educational institutions.
The head of an educational institution (head of a training center) and a pedagogical worker of an educational institution who provides citizens with basic knowledge of defense and their training in the basics of military service (teacher of a training center), together with a representative of the military commissariat, coordinate with the unit (military unit) in advance: time and the procedure for conducting classes, the number of citizens involved in conducting training camps, student accommodation centers in the training camp, their safe routes to classrooms, safety requirements for classes, and other issues.
The educational process carried out during training camps is organized in accordance with the calculation of hours in the subjects of study, the curriculum and the daily routine. Variants of these documents are given in Appendices 5 - 7 to the Instructions.
During training camps, classes not related to the performance of shooting exercises are conducted by pedagogical workers of educational institutions who train citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and train them in the basics of military service. and teaching staff together with the military personnel specially assigned from the fixed formations (military units).
Training of citizens in shooting from small arms is organized by the commanders of formations (military units) and is carried out in accordance with the established procedure at shooting ranges or in shooting ranges by military personnel, with the participation of pedagogical workers of educational institutions who train citizens in basic knowledge in the field of defense and their training in the basics of military service (teachers of training points). For firing, the commanders of formations (military units) appoint responsible officials, as well as provide weapons and ammunition.
Before firing, a teacher of an educational institutionteaching citizens basic knowledge in the field of defense and training them in the basics of military service (trainer at the training center), studies in detail with students:
- safety requirements for handling weapons and ammunition;
- device and procedure for the use of small arms;
- the order of performing shooting exercises.
The preparedness of each student for shooting is checked by a representative of the formation (military unit) in the presence of teacher an educational institution providing citizens with basic defense knowledge and their basic military training. Students who have studied the material part of small arms and ammunition, safety requirements during shooting, the conditions of the exercise and passed the test are allowed to perform shooting exercises.
Students who have not passed the test are not allowed to shoot.
During the period of conducting fire training lessons, students perform exercises of initial firing from small arms and exercises in throwing training-imitation hand grenades.
In the absence of conditions for shooting from combat hand-held small arms, shooting from sporting or pneumatic weapons is organized in specially equipped places.
The results of training camps are evaluated in accordance with the recommendations for assessing the results of training camps (Appendix 9 to these Instructions).
The overall assessment of citizens studying in educational institutions (training centers) is entered in the class journal marked "Training fees", which is taken into account when setting the final grade for the entire course of study at an educational institution (training station).
Citizens who have avoided training fees are given an unsatisfactory mark for fees.
For citizens who have not passed the training camp for valid reasons, a theoretical study of the materials of the training camp and the passing of tests are organized at the educational institution (training center).
In case of refusal of individual citizens for religious reasons to participate in the shooting and study of combat hand-held small arms, the head of the educational institution decides to exempt from this topic.(head of the training center) based on a reasoned parental statement(legal representatives), which must be presented to the head of the educational institution (head of the training center) before the training camp.
10. Planning and reporting documents developed by the head of an educational institution for conducting training sessions and submitted to the education department and the military commissariat
The content (forms) of documents that are developed and / or maintained by the head of the educational institution (head of the training center):
1. The order of the head of the educational institution (head of the training center) “On the conduct of training camps with students (citizens) undergoing training on the basics of military service” ( Appendix 3).
The document is developed on the basis of an order from the head of the education department.
The base of the training camps and the period of their holding;
Attracted staff, number of participants;
Events organized and conducted by the teacher-organizer of the OBZh (BZh), and other persons of the educational institution;
Implement security measures during training camps;
The name of the exercise for performing firing from combat hand-held small arms;
Medical support of trainees during training camp on the basis of an educational institution;
Organization of transportation of trainees to the places of the classes and back;
Organization of placement of trainees in the field;
Responsible for the execution of the order.
The order is issued by the head of the educational institution (the head of the organization (institution) on the basis of which the UP was created).
2. A personal list of students (boys) of 10th grade (pre-graduation courses)
participating in training sessions ( Appendix 4);
