Zyryanov Pavel Ivanovich. Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov: biography
Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov for so long he led the border troops of the Soviet Union that it was time to talk about the time on the border as about the "Epoch of Zyryanov". The author of these lines, for example, over the years passed the way from the head of the border shop to the headquarters of the border-head. Yes, and time was not easy: the drama of the first postwall years, the drops of "Khrushchev thaw", the first serious border conflicts with China, the beginning of the "Cold War" ... Naturally, for a stable, confident leadership, the border troops needed to have an outstanding abilities of the commander. General Zyryanov possessed them to the fullest.
The sake of objectivity should be noted that Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov was the successor of General N.P. Stakhanov, under the leadership of which border guards carried out operational and combat missions during the Great Patriotic War, large-scale measures were carried out on post-war arrangement of new borders of the Soviet Union, as well as the strengthening of the border troops. P.I. Zyryanov, as you know, deservedly continued this relay.
Nowadays, the negative estimates of the border guard period are sometimes heard: "Iron Curtain", "Ordinary Military Guard". Of course, from the standpoint of today in the system of border protection, apparently not everything was completely. Nevertheless, it is not based on the military, according to the operational and military forms and methods of service, was quite reliable, adequate time and the threats that actually arose at the border of the USSR.
Many of us who began service at the border at the turn of 1940-1950s., For example, how tributant perceived a fairly complete provision of border detits, sea brigades, making and ships with all necessary for service and training personnel, quite a satisfactory state of military Disciplines and order in border collectives. Considered as if of granted. And this is just a few years after the hardest war.
Now, after half a century, for most of our removal, other border units, much of this, unfortunately, is unfulfient.
It seems that the great merit of General Zyryanova is that by the beginning of the 1960s. All the most active areas of the border in the North-West, in Transcaucasia, Central Asia have been equipped with the newest alarm systems, other technical means. Their use in combination with the enhancement of border intelligence (in the early 1960s. These bodies have been strengthened, derived from the headquarters and are subordinated to the commander directly) significantly increased the reliability of the state border protection.
It was not easy, and many of us who then served, were such eyewitnesses. It is enough to recall the destructive border to protect the leadership of the KGB (in the late 1950s.) On a large-scale reduction of border troops. Unfortunately, then General Zyryanov and his device could not resist this plan, politically conjunctural, poorly calculated with operational and other positions. The consequences of these initiatives demanded several years of hard work to restore the operational and combat potential of border troops.
Characteristic detail: Accustomed to evaluate the organizational and educational work, the chain of the border detachments and the supply, General Zyryanov, even in the hardest situation, found, it seems that the optimal solution is thought. The central apparatus was reduced mainly (the State Hum to the beginning of the 1960s. Had the number of only 110-115 officers and 4-5 generals), district devices and some parts directly not involved in the border guard. As for the border guards and making, their operational and official opportunities were practically preserved, and later even strengthened.
Under the direct leadership of Zyryanov in the 1960s. Large measures were carried out to improve the protection of the border on the Pacific Ocean and in the Arctic. They were conducted in the exclusively complex physico-geographical and climatic conditions of those places. Nevertheless, designed and implemented wTO The system of protection and protection of the interests of the USSR in the border spaces of these regions retained its effectiveness for many years.
The stay of General Zyryanov in the border detachments, other connections and parts almost always included visiting the border making, ships, detailed conversations with the command, condemnation their suggestions. Before leaving, he, as a rule, spoke to the officer team, shared his impressions, assessments.
It will not be an exaggeration to say that the increased attention of Pavel Ivanovich has always paid the heads of the border guards. Itself in the late 1930s. The chief of one of the detachments on the active section of the Far Eastern border, he considered extremely important these compounds in the border troops structure. His communication with officers at the fees, when traveling to the border, touched upon the most acute issues of operational activities of the troops. I think it expanded his awareness, allowed it to better see problems, ways to solve them.
In communicating with subordinates, Pavel Ivanovich was always restrained, tacty. Subordinate commanders listened patiently, even if their reports did not coincide with his point of view. It seems that this kind of democracy of the commander relations (when the senior boss is available for a normal dialogue with the younger) for our border guards, and should remain a good tradition.
General Zyryanova knew well in the cross-country regions of the country. His trips and communication with residents of border areas and regions were always rich and fruitful, consistently strengthened the situation and the authority of border guards. And it also became a good tradition.
General Zyryanova, I am confident, all veterans-border guards agree with this, it is possible to consider the initiator of the active study of the officers of the tactical and operational and tactical levels in the form of district, intermediate and detachment fees conducted with an intense, saturated program. At the fees, except for educational and demonstration activities, inspection of border infrastructure facilities, the most acute problems of the protection of the borders, preparation and education of personnel were often carried out for discussion. Pavel Ivanovich is an indispensable and interested participant.
The atmosphere was created, in which the command of the border workers and detachments could be exploned to all interested in their issues, including the prospects for the development of the border troops and the protection of the state border.
Among the border veterans and historians to this day there are conversations and even disputes about the so-called interchangeable version of the border guard. And in the 1960s. This version of service is the subject of sharp discussion. General Zyryanov was an active supporter and did a lot to implement this idea to life.
In the second half of the 1960s. In most border districts (except western), there were already equipped and translated into a replacement option for the protection of the boundaries of 2-3 border detachments, when 50% was made by the service, and the rest were engaged in professional and combat training in the garrison.
This option, of course, had a number of advantages: the traveler had enough time after another shift for full rest and occupation, all officers lived in well-maintained apartments in the garrison, where officers could work, and children to learn; The team of the squad always had a fairly strong fightening reserve. By the way, this way of protection of the border existed then in a number of countries, for example, in the neighboring Turkey with us.
But there were this option and vulnerable parties. He did not fully satisfy the hardest requirements for the reliability of the border guard. So, for example, the areas of border crossing increased twice, periodic changeability of the stamina has adversely affected the content of their premises, technical means at the border. Probably, it was all possible with time to somehow correct, but after the resignation of Zyryanov opponents added this option, and he was canceled.
Attention, in our opinion, not only the idea of \u200b\u200bsuch restructuring of the border protection itself deserves, but also the circumstance of working out all issues related to its implementation.
With the name of General P.I. Zyryanova is connected and another interesting page of the history of border troops: the beginning of the arrangement and strengthening of the protection of the Soviet-Chinese border.
This border is known for political reasons before the early 1960s. It was designated as the "border of friendship" and in many directions was guarded, it can be said symbolically. However, the frequent attempts by the Chinese, and sometimes and power to master some areas challenged by them at this border (Pass Buz Aygyr, a number of islands on Amur and Ussuri, etc.) indicated the need to negotiate the passage of the line of the Soviet-Chinese border, negotiations The design of which was completed in the XIX century. And many sites were quite confusing.
General P.I. Zyryanov was headed by the first government delegation of the USSR in negotiations with China on these issues in 1964. The delegation under his leadership managed to agree with the Chinese side almost the entire eastern line of the Soviet-Chinese border. Agreement was not reached only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe border in the districts of the islands of Big Ussuriysky and Tarabarov, since the Chinese side insisted on them to transfer the PRC. Negotiations were interrupted. Then the well-known events on Damansky, Zhalanashcol and a number of other border incidents unleasted by the Chinese side are followed. The situation in this area of \u200b\u200bthe boundary required special attention.
Strengthening the protection and protection of the Soviet-Chinese border under the leadership of General Zyryanov was carried out comprehensively. The accelerated pace was the deployment of new border detachments, making, motor-mahedral groups, brigades and river boat divisions, infrastructure increased. Reserve divisions were equipped with modern weapons and appliances. It did not cost and without overweights: the adoption, for example, the armament of the brunettens of tank battalions and other heavy weapons was inappropriate, and from all this soon I had to refuse.
Nevertheless, the active arrangement of the Soviet-Chinese border, started under the leadership of Zyryanov, continued, and these measures were quite justified, appropriate. Here, as in other active areas of the border (in the Caucasus, in Central Asia, in the North-West), the basis of the grouping of border forces and funds was represented by military and operational components, which combine reliable protection and border protection.
The resignation of General Zyryanov in 1972. I became a surprise for many officers and in GUV, and on the border.
It seems that in all circumstances of this event, the independent nature of the general, his solid position in defending its principles and decisions was played by the latter role.
In 1977 We are with the General G.A. Preobrazhensky, at that time, Pavel Ivanovich visited the head of the rear, in connection with his 70th anniversary. Congratulations, handed a gift from the GUVD team, souvenirs. Soon the General P.A. joined us Chirkin. Pavel Ivanovich was Bodr, energetic, recalled episodes from his service.
I took advantage of it seemed to me that a favorable situation asked if he was going to publish his memories that would be interesting to border guards and not only to them. Zyryanov frowned: "There was such a thought. But I did not lead the diaries, you also need help and on work in the archives ... I wrote a note about this, but I refused. " Time was missed.
Fill this gap, it seems, there must be objective memories of contemporaries, colleagues of General P.I. Zyryanova.
Yuri. Neshumov, Lieutenant-General retired
February 19 is executed 110 years since the birth of Vladimir Nikolaevich Dutova - A prominent Soviet warlord, an excellent organizer, an experienced financier, more than 30 years (from 1955 to 1986), who has headed the financial and economic service of the USSR armed forces. V.N. Dutov 19 (6) of February 1907 was born in the village of Pukasovka of the Letic District of Vinnitsa region in the family of a peasant. In 1929, he was called up to the Red Army, enrolled in the regimental school of the junior boss, at its end, was appointed senior writer headquarters of the regiment. In 1934, with the beginning of the formation of the financial bodies of military units, on the orders of the commander of the Ukrainian Military District No. 106, the headquarters of the 1st cavalry red-known worm of the 1st Cavalry of the Division named after the French Communist Party, which became the beginning of his long and successful military financier career. Since September 1941 and until the last day Great Patriotic War Vladimir Nikolaevich performed the position of head of the Finance Finance Department: North-West, Southwestern, Stalingrad, Donskoy, Central, 1st Belorussky.
Vladimir Nikolaevich served in the Armed Forces of 57 years. In 1982, for a great personal contribution to the construction of the armed forces and an increase in the combat readiness of the army and fleet colonel-General V.N. Dutov The title was awarded Hero of Socialist Labor With the delivery and gold medal "SERP and Hammer" (the only military financier, awarded as high and rare for a military award). He was also awarded two, the Order of the October Revolution, four, the orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degree, three, the Order "For the Service of the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" of the 3rd degree, many Soviet medals, orders and medals of foreign countries.
March 10, 1991 V.N. Dutch died, buried on Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
Vladimir Nikolayevich, Vladimir, Vladimir Nikolayevich remained a warlord, who has great practical experience in the activities of the military financial service, a leader with high performance, caring for the effective expenditure of funds allocated for the country's defense, an exclusively decent person who has manifested constant attention to social protection issues of the army and Fleet.
In September 1939, during the liberation of the Red Army, the territory of Western Ukraine V.N. Duties by order of the Commissar of Defense was appointed head of the Financial Department of the Zhytomyr Army Group (subsequently the 5th Army). During this period, Vladimir Nikolayevich had to begin the organization of financial economy in a combat situation for the first time. During liberation by the Soviet troops of Western Ukraine, the first field institutions of the State Bank of the USSR were created, with whom the entire further service was closely connected to the 3rd rank of V.N. Dutova.
Later, Vladimir Nikolayevich wrote in his book: "From the first days of the start of hostilities in the front, the fields of state banking institutions began to form. Front office of the State Bank and field branches in corps and divisions were created. Due to the fact that this experience of the organization of the cash and settlement service of the troops did not have, in the formation of these bodies a lot of errors were made. The recruitment of the State Bank's field agencies, or, as they later began to be shrinking, poet, in many cases was produced at the expense of persons who did not have experience in banking. Stationary institutions of the State Bank did not provide field establishments with cash and inventory. Instructions on the activities of the field bodies of the State Bank was not, the legal status was indefinite. Some Commanders of the compounds and their headquarters did not understand the purpose and tasks of the clocks and used their employees not for their intended purpose. The front office of the State Bank, during the hostilities, was unable to provide a specific guidance on the organization of field offices in the compounds, and this work was in almost entirely on the army's finnotel.
Most of the field branches of the State Bank could start working on the cash supply of parts only at the end of October, and before that many parts financed by the district's finnotel received cash at the front-line office of the State Bank, which was from the advanced parts at a distance of 250-300 kilometers. "
In January 1940, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, V.N. Dutov was appointed Deputy Head of the Financial Department of the Baltic Special Military District, where he again had to work closely with the fields of state banks of the USSR, through which the settlement and cash service of the Red Army was carried out on the territory of the former Baltic states.
In July 1941, after the elimination of the Baltic Special Military District, Vladimir Nikolaevich Dutov was appointed Deputy Head of the Financial Department of the South-Western Front. "The Financial FRONT department was located on the outskirts of Brovary in camp tents. Next to the Financial Department also in the tents there was a field office of the State Bank of the USSR No. 132 ... Suddenness of the coagulation of local stationary institutions of the State Bank, and sometimes their hasty care to the rear with the enemy of cash payments and banking documentation (as, for example, the Lviv Regional Office of the State Bank) led To the breakdown of the tasks assigned to them on the formation of the State Bank's field agencies and ensuring military units with funds for a special plan.
A significant part of the staff of the State Bank No. 132 field office No. 132 was the former employees of the Ukrainian Republican Office of the State Bank of the USSR. Many of them did not serve before the war in the army, and it was clear that it was still difficult for them to work in unusual field conditions. A smaller part of the employees of the office consisted of persons designed from the reserve and had some army hardening. "
In September 1941 V.N. Dutov was appointed head of the Financial Department of the South-Western Front. In December 1941, he was awarded the title of the forehead of the 1st rank.
During this period, it was necessary not only a clear supply of troops, but also the organization of preservation of state values \u200b\u200band control over their expenditure. This task was performed. "In order to achieve timely financing of troops, regardless of the conditions of the combat situation, the Financial Department of the Front in many cases released funds to those compounds and military units, which for various reasons were torn off from their administrative loans. Funding of such compounds was carried out by opening loans or in the field banks available in them, or directly in the field office of the front of the State Bank of the front, and in some cases with the issuance of the deposited amount of cash. The military units were satisfied with cash without certificates with the recording of the amount of funds released in the test book and the subsequent recovery of certificates.
In early November, the front-line field office of the State Bank of the USSR No. 132 was obtained by the Government, the provision on deposit operations in the field agencies of the State Bank of the USSR. This provision provided for the organization of contributing operations in all fields of state banks of the USSR in the current army with the imposition of functions to attract the funds of military personnel to the financial service, mainly on the financial bodies of military units. In this regard, the financial management of the NAO USSR developed an indication of the procedure for organizing and documenting non-cash settlements on deposits and postal transfers, which came to us at the front in early December 1941 and was brought to troops in the next memo of the financial employee of the South-Western Front .
The introduction of non-cash settlements on the fronts was important state importance, since it contributed to a sharp reduction in the extent of the existing cash army. In this regard, the USSR state bank could significantly reduce the issuance of monetary signs. In addition, the servicemen of the current army received a convenient way to preserve personal cash in the conditions of harsh front life. The heads of the financial bodies of military units were exempted from the need to receive and store large amounts of cash in a curb box, which, in turn, was a prerequisite for ensuring the safety of funds, prevent their losses.
The experience of the first months has shown that in the introduced deposit system, there are circumstances that create certain inconvenience to depositors and, as a result, which caused the reason for the reason for the production of contributions. The question was that, according to the instructions, the investor could produce subsequent contributions and receive money only in the field establishment of the State Bank, in which he was issued a contribution book on the initial contribution.
As a rule, constrained people from making contributions Lack of opportunity not only to replenish the amount of the contribution, but also to receive money on it in case of injury and evacuation into a deep rear. In this regard, a proposal was made to provide the contribution of the right to make subsequent contributions to the same contributing book not only in the field establishment of the State Bank, in which the initial contribution was made, but also in other institutions of the State Bank and, accordingly, the right to receive contributions in any institution of state bank of the USSR.
In the report of the Financial Management Head at the NPO USSR on the first results of the work on the organization of non-cash settlements, some shortcomings in the activities of the fields of state banks were also noted. The main difficulty at that time was the late provision of a working capital of the Field Office of the State Bank No. 132 and subordinate to the field establishments with monetary signs. As a result of this case, the inheritant provision of military units of the military cash was caused by finding revenues from the Board of the State Bank of the USSR permits to transfer funds from reserve funds in the current cash register. "
In August 1942, the front was renamed Stalingrad, and in November - in the Don. On November 19, 1942, the onset of our troops began, which had the goal of the environment and the destruction of the entire Stalingrad group of the enemy's troops. The fierce battles on the outside and inner fronts of the environment lasted the entire December 1942. "The financial authorities had a task in a timely manner and fully satisfy the needs of troops in cash, ensuring their safety, economical and appropriate use. The latter requirement put forward the task to fully improve the spring work on reducing the delivery to the front of cash by expanding the volume of deposit operations and non-cash payments on monetary content. "
"The leadership of the field office of the State Bank No. 132 was changed. Instead of a declaration due to the severe illness of the 3rd rank of A.N. Anisimov Head of the Office was appointed intenant 3rd rank I.A. Blade. Relatively young, energetic, slender and tightened, always purely shaved, Ivan Alexandrovich looked more at the personnel commander, and not on the bank employee. Looking ahead, I will say that a personal example and demanding of the chief forced the rest of the employees of the State Bank field office also carefully follow their appearance. I soon had friendly and trusting relationships. We solved all complex questions, as a rule, with full consent, more than once went to the troops. Together we had to go through the roads of war before her victorious end in Berlin.
At the same time, the successes achieved by the financial service of the front of the FRONT in the work on mobilization into the state budget of the free personal funds of military personnel through deposits and in reducing cash emissions to the introduction of non-cash settlements on monetary content. The total amount of deposits remains in the field agencies of the State Bank of the Don Front as of January 1, 1943 amounted to approximately the amount of monthly monetary funds paid by the front serviceman in November - December 1942. Of the total postal transfers who have passed through the financial bodies of military units and amounted to about 120 million rubles, 74% were made by non-cash order. "
In February 1943, after the defeat of German troops near Stalingrad, the headquarters of the Don Front was transferred to the Kursk arc and the front was renamed Central.
In combat characteristics, signed by the commander of the Central Front, Colonel-K. K. Rokossovsky General in March 1943, was noted: "In the post of head of the Financial Department of the Front Tov. Dute works from October 1941. During this time, he showed himself in practical work - a business, energetic and knowledgeable financial employee. The questions of the military monetary economy knows well and skillfully permits them. "
"In general, the amount of Operations of Fite Agencies of the State Bank in the front due to the monetary servicemen paid in December 1942 amounted to 90.6% of the total amount of these funds. The monetary emission was not only reduced to zero, but also additionally was withdrawn from circulation of 3.7 million rubles.
As before, one of the main objects of the focus of the FRONT financial service was to attract a part of the monetary content of the personnel into deposits, expand the amount of non-cash settlements on contributing operations and cash postage. Many chiefs of financial bodies of military units and compounds, officers of the Financial Departments of the Armies of the Front became active propagandists to implement this important state event. Along with the personal financial service, employees of the State Banks of Gosbank volunteered. I note that three employees of the field office of Gosbank No. 132 for three weeks were in the 70th Army to assist in the deployment and organization of the work of the Army Field Office of the State Bank of the Six Field Cass of the State Bank in the divisions of this army.
Already on a Kursk ledge, the personnel of the financial department of the front in one of the sunny days of mid-June 1943 again felt his relationships to the Great Battle of the Volga, when the Military Council of the Front instructed me on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to hand over the financial department and the Field Office № 132 Medals "For Defense of Stalingrad".
The battle quenching obtained by Stalingrad largely contributed to overcoming difficulties in the placement and working conditions in the first months of stay at the central front. Neither the frequent raids of the enemy aviation nor the cruel february blizzards nor the exhaustive dishthele on the risky roads and the fields did not make significant interference in the well-coordinated work of the teams of the financial department and the field office of Gosbank No. 132.
By personal leadership and departures in Part V.N. Dutov achieved the strengthening of financial discipline in troops and high financial indicators on the front as a whole. The financial department took the first place in the Red Army on non-cash deposits, which was noted by the orders of the defense addict; In addition, for exemplary and uninterrupted financing of parts, efficiency in the work, a conscientious attitude to the fulfillment of the tasks of the Military Council of the Front, for the skillful leadership of the work of the department in a combat situation (the work of the financial department was repeatedly noted by orders on the front as good) V.N. Dutov was awarded the Order of the Red Star. It was characterized as a disciplined, neat in work, demanding to himself and subordinate, a dedicated homeland, who enjoyed his deserved business authority to a specialist. In March 1943, he was awarded the military rank of the Colonel of the Intensdant Service.
In October 1943, the Central Front received a new direction - to Gomel and Zhlobin and, accordingly, the new name is the 1st Belarusian. The combat situation, which has developed since December 1943, before the beginning of the summer of 1944, contributed to the financial service of all necessary work on the financial support of troops during their rearrangement and preparation for active offensive actions.
In a special order "On the results of the work of the financial service and field agencies of the State Bank to ensure troops during the spring-summer offensive", the command of the front gave a positive assessment of the activities of military financiers. The order noted that the established mechanism of the financial support of the front troops acted clearly and trouble-free in any conditions of the combat situation. High rates have been achieved as financial planning and financing of troops, the volume of non-cash settlements on monetary content has increased, financial control has strengthened.
In the second half of 1944, it was expanding the functions of the financial service and field agencies of the State Bank, caused by the entry of our troops into a foreign territory, where the economic entry and the financial system were fundamentally different from ours. In these brand new conditions, it was necessary to solve two main and extremely complex tasks: first, to find the best procedure for payment of monetary content to the servicemen at the same time existing monetary signs - Soviet and Polish systems and, secondly, to determine the sources of supplies of material resources at the expense of local Resources and methods of deliveries. The complexity of solving these tasks was aggravated by the fact that they had not only economic, but also political.
The Military Council of the Front before the FRONT financial department was tasked: to develop a draft provision of money circulation on the territory of Poland, ensuring troops with monetary content and on costs associated with combat operations and calculations for the supplied products and property with suppliers and the local population. Such a project was developed, sent to Moscow and with minor changes approved by the Government.
The quality of work of the Financial Service of the Front and Field Institutions of the State Bank in September 1944 was verified by the Inspectorate of the Financial Department of the Red Army and the Board of the State Bank of the USSR. Revisions covered 60 different financial services and banking facilities. The report by the Military Council of the Front Inspectorate, it was noted that the Financial and Banking Service of the Front with the assigned tasks for uninterrupted financial support for troops in 1943-1944. Copened. It was especially noted that in the front in 1944 there was no loss of cash.
In the first days of November 1944, the Military Council of the Front was entrusted soon to submit a proposal for the organization of financing for troops in Germany in the near future. As a monetary mark for occupied Germany, the military brand of the Command of the Allied Army - the USSR, the USA, England and France was expected. All other financial and economic issues needed to consider and submit their considerations. The limited circle of individuals was attracted to the performance of this task. The deadline for the proposals was established until November 15, 1944.
To get at least a minimum idea of \u200b\u200bthe questions of interest, Vladimir Nikolaevich decided to use the information of German prisoners of war. "... The prisoners responded to me a number of questions regarding the economic situation of Germany, the presence and state of the market, the living standards of the population, wages, trade, the monetary system, taxes, etc. By contacting the protocols of interrogations of these prisoners, I learned from them a number of useful (In this case) information. In addition, with the permission of the operational management of the headquarters of the front, I questioned about the questions of two prisoners of economic services. "
Ultimately, after a long random, the study of various data and experience in the organization of money circulation on the liberated territory of Poland the required proposals were prepared.
In connection with the established combat situation, the results of the financial service for 1944 by the Military Council of the Front were considered only in the last decade of March 1945. "Concluding the issue of the question under consideration, Zhukov expressed something like this: both the findings of the Moscow Inspectorate and the available other materials indicate Not bad work of the military-financial service and field banking institutions. This is confirmed by the allocation of the USSR state bank at the disposal of the front of a large amount of money to promote persons who have achieved high indicators in attracting funds to the state budget. I believe that the quality of work on financial and banking troops can be considered positive. At the same time, it should be required from the financial department of the front to intensify the work on the study of the economy, the monetary system and the market in foreign territory in the interests of increasing the level of material support of the troops. "
When taken by the Soviet troops of Berlin, the Financial Department of the Front, headed by V.N. Dutov, a number of provisions were developed on the organization of the provision of Soviet troops in Germany, an initial organization of financial and banking local institutions was carried out to work on ensuring the relationship between troops with the local population, taking into account the values \u200b\u200bbelonging to the USSR and sending them to the Soviet Union.
Practical experience gained by military financier V.N. Dutov during the liberation of Western Ukraine in 1939-1940. And during the Great Patriotic War, she was based on the creation of a universal mechanism for financing troops through the field agencies of the Central Bank of the country, which allowed the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation to address the tasks of the financing of troops and successfully operates in our day.
After the Great Patriotic War V.N. Dutov led the Financial Service of the Soviet Occupation Forces Group in Germany. Subsequently was appointed Deputy Head of Financial Department of the USSR Military Ministry.
Created under his leadership, the system of monetary support of servicemen who served in Germany, through the fields of the State Bank of the USSR, was distributed to all groups of Soviet troops abroad and existed before their conclusion from Eastern Europe in the early 90s of the last century.
V.N. Dutov made a great contribution to the implementation of important measures to financial support for the creation of a rocket-nuclear shield of our Motherland, the development of the financial service of the Armed Forces, the improvement of military and financial legislation and the improvement of the material situation of military personnel.
The years when the financial service of the USSR Ministry of Defense was led by Vladimir Nikolayevich Dutov, became a period of flourishing system of field agencies of the State Bank of the USSR. The main military financier of the country knew exactly that when it would be necessary, "military bankers will come to revenue. So it was when a nuclear shield of the country was created, the construction of which was funded through the network of field agencies of the State Bank, when the Baikal-Amur Magistral was built, and when a limited contingent of Soviet troops performed its international debt in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
In the conditions of modern challenges on September 5 - 11, 2016, on the territory of the subjects of the Southern Federal District, the Caucasus-2016 teams were held, during which the financial security and banking service system and military personnel were first tested with the attraction of field Institutions of the Bank of Russia. The teachings confirmed what V.N. was confirmed throughout their service. Dutch: Only together military financiers and military bankers can fulfill the task of the task of full and uninterrupted financial support for the armed forces in a special period.
After leaving the military service, Vladimir Nikolayevich worked for some time as part of a group of general inspectors, and in 1988 began to work at the Military Financial and Economic Faculty in the position of chief specialist in financial and economic issues, was a member of the Academic Council of the Faculty. For three years of his work in this position, the Faculty's personnel is truly assessed by this outstanding person. Listeners and teachers loved to meet Vladimir Nikolayevich, appreciated his simplicity in communication, the deep knowledge of domestic history.
To the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.N. Dutova Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation established (Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of November 7, 2006 No. 450) for awarding veterans, military personnel and persons of civilian personnel of the financial and economic bodies of the Armed Forces. In one of the buildings of the Ministry of Defense in the solemn atmosphere, the opening of the Bust Hero of Socialist Labor General, Colonel-General V.N. Duteu.
O.A. Antonyuk, Honored Economist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Finance and Management of Banking Affairs in the Armed Forces of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of Russia;
, candidate of historical sciences, senior teacher;
magazine " Money and credit»
Committee of State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR was established in the 1954 Epoch of Zyryanov. A few years later - in 1957 - the main management of the border troops was included in its composition, transmitted from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Warriors in green caps then commanded Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov. In the chronicle of the guard of advanced frontiers of the country, this person was forever remained a fiery patriot of the Fatherland, honest and fair, skillful and demanding leader, a talented organizer and innovator. Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov for so long he led the border troops of the Soviet Union that it was time to talk about the time on the border as about the "Epoch of Zyryanov". The time was not easy: the drama of the first postwall years, the drops of "Khrushchev thaw", the first serious border conflicts with China, the beginning of the "Cold War" ... Naturally, for a stable, confident leadership, border troops needed to have an outstanding abilities of the commander. General Zyryanov possessed them to the fullest. The sake of objectivity should be noted that Pavel Ivanovich Zyryanov was the successor of General N.P. Stakhanov, under the leadership of which border guards carried out operational and combat missions during the Great Patriotic War, large-scale measures were carried out on post-war arrangement of new borders of the Soviet Union, as well as the strengthening of the border troops. P.I. Zyryanov, as you know, deservedly continued this relay. Nowadays, sometimes the negative estimates of the period of the border guard are heard: the "iron curtain", "ordinary military guard". Of course, from the standpoint of today in the system of border protection, apparently not everything was completely. Nevertheless, it is not based on the military, according to the operational and military forms and methods of service, was quite reliable, adequate time and the threats that actually arose at the border of the USSR. Many of us who began service at the border at the turn of 1940-1950s., For example, how tributant perceived a fairly complete provision of border detits, sea brigades, making and ships with all necessary for service and training personnel, quite a satisfactory state of military Disciplines and order in border collectives. Considered as if of granted. And this is just a few years after the hardest war. It seems that the great merit of General Zyryanova is that by the beginning of the 1960s. All the most active areas of the border in the North-West, in Transcaucasia, Central Asia have been equipped with the newest alarm systems, other technical means. Their use in combination with the enhancement of border intelligence (in the early 1960s. These bodies have been strengthened, derived from the headquarters and are subordinated to the commander directly) significantly increased the reliability of the state border protection. It was not easy, and many of those who then served, were such eyewitnesses. It is enough to recall the destructive border to protect the leadership of the KGB (in the late 1950s.) On a large-scale reduction of border troops. Unfortunately, then General Zyryanov and his device could not resist this plan, politically conjunctural, poorly calculated with operational and other positions. The consequences of these initiatives demanded several years of hard work to restore the operational and combat potential of border troops. Characteristic detail: Accustomed to evaluate the organizational and educational work, the chain of the border detachments and the supply, General Zyryanov, even in the hardest situation, found, it seems that the optimal solution is thought. The central apparatus was reduced mainly (the State Hum to the beginning of the 1960s. Had the number of only 110-115 officers and 4-5 generals), district devices and some parts directly not involved in the border guard. As for the border guards and making, their operational and official opportunities were practically preserved, and later even strengthened. Under the direct leadership of Zyryanov in the 1960s. Large measures were carried out to improve the protection of the border on the Pacific Ocean and in the Arctic. They were conducted in the exclusively complex physico-geographical and climatic conditions of those places. Nevertheless, the system of protection and protection of the interests of the USSR in the border spaces of these regions has retained its effectiveness for many years, developed and implemented. The stay of General Zyryanov in border detachments, other connections and parts almost always included visiting the border making, ships, detailed conversations with the command, condemnation of their proposals. Before leaving, he, as a rule, spoke to the officer team, shared his impressions, assessments. It will not be an exaggeration to say that the increased attention of Pavel Ivanovich has always paid the heads of the border guards. Itself in the late 1930s. The chief of one of the detachments on the active section of the Far Eastern border, he considered extremely important these compounds in the border troops structure. His communication with officers at the fees, when traveling to the border, touched upon the most acute issues of operational activities of the troops. It expanded his awareness, allowed it to better see the problems, ways to solve them. In communicating with subordinates, Pavel Ivanovich was always restrained, tacty. Subordinate commanders listened patiently, even if their reports did not coincide with his point of view. It seems that this kind of democracy of the commander relations (when the senior boss is available for a normal dialogue with the younger) for our border guards, and should remain a good tradition. General Zyryanova knew well in the cross-country regions of the country. His trips and communication with residents of border areas and regions were always rich and fruitful, consistently strengthened the situation and the authority of border guards. And it also became a good tradition. General Zyryanov, all veterans-border guards agree with this, it is possible to consider the initiator of the active study of officers of tactical and operational and tactical levels in the form of circumferential, intermediate and detachment fees conducted with an intense, saturated program. At the fees, except for educational and demonstration activities, inspection of border infrastructure facilities, the most acute problems of the protection of the borders, preparation and education of personnel were often carried out for discussion. Pavel Ivanovich is an indispensable and interested participant. The atmosphere was created, in which the command of the border workers and detachments could be exploned to all interested in their issues, including the prospects for the development of the border troops and the protection of the state border. Among the border veterans and historians to this day there are conversations and even disputes about the so-called interchangeable version of the border guard. And in the 1960s. This version of service is the subject of sharp discussion. General Zyryanov was an active supporter and did a lot to implement this idea to life. In the second half of the 1960s. In most border districts (except western), there were already equipped and translated into a replacement option for the protection of the boundaries of 2-3 border detachments, when 50% was made by the service, and the rest were engaged in professional and combat training in the garrison. This option, of course, had a number of advantages: the traveler had enough time after another shift for full rest and occupation, all officers lived in well-maintained apartments in the garrison, where officers could work, and children to learn; The team of the squad always had a fairly strong fightening reserve. By the way, this way of protection of the border existed then in a number of countries, for example, in the neighboring Turkey with us. But there were this option and vulnerable parties. He did not fully satisfy the hardest requirements for the reliability of the border guard. So, for example, the areas of border crossing increased twice, periodic changeability of the stamina has adversely affected the content of their premises, technical means at the border. Probably, it was all possible with time to somehow correct, but after the resignation of Zyryanov opponents added this option, and he was canceled. Attention, in our opinion, not only the idea of \u200b\u200bsuch restructuring of the border protection itself deserves, but also the circumstance of working out all issues related to its implementation. With the name of General P.I. Zyryanova is connected and another interesting page of the history of border troops: the beginning of the arrangement and strengthening of the protection of the Soviet-Chinese border. This border is known for political reasons before the early 1960s. It was designated as the "border of friendship" and in many directions was guarded, it can be said symbolically. However, the frequent attempts by the Chinese, and sometimes and power to master some areas challenged by them at this border (Pass Buz Aygyr, a number of islands on Amur and Ussuri, etc.) indicated the need to negotiate the passage of the line of the Soviet-Chinese border, negotiations The design of which was completed in the XIX century. And many sites were quite confusing. General P.I. Zyryanov was headed by the first government delegation of the USSR in negotiations with China on these issues in 1964. The delegation under his leadership managed to agree with the Chinese side almost the entire eastern line of the Soviet-Chinese border. Agreement was not reached only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe border in the districts of the islands of Big Ussuriysky and Tarabarov, since the Chinese side insisted on them to transfer the PRC. Negotiations were interrupted. Then the well-known events on Damansky, Zhalanashcol and a number of other border incidents unleasted by the Chinese side are followed. The situation in this area of \u200b\u200bthe boundary required special attention. Strengthening the protection and protection of the Soviet-Chinese border under the leadership of General Zyryanov was carried out comprehensively. The accelerated pace was the deployment of new border detachments, making, motor-mahedral groups, brigades and river boat divisions, infrastructure increased. Reserve divisions were equipped with modern weapons and appliances. It did not cost and without overweights: the adoption, for example, the armament of the brunettens of tank battalions and other heavy weapons was inappropriate, and from all this soon I had to refuse. Nevertheless, the active arrangement of the Soviet-Chinese border, started under the leadership of Zyryanov, continued, and these measures were quite justified, appropriate. Here, as in other active areas of the border (in the Caucasus, in Central Asia, in the North-West), the basis of the grouping of border forces and funds was represented by military and operational components, which combine reliable protection and border protection. The resignation of General Zyryanov in 1972 was a surprise for many officers and in the GUV, and on the border. It seems that in all circumstances of this event, the independent nature of the general, his solid position in defending its principles and decisions was played by the latter role. The merits of Colonel-General Zyryanov in front of the country were marked by 14 orders and many other government awards. Pavel Ivanovich died on January 4, 1992. Buried him at the Kuntsevsky cemetery in Moscow. And the memory of the "Epoch of Zyryanov" on the border of alive and today.
16 (according to old style 3) of March 1907 in the village of Glukhovsky Semipalatinsk region of the Steppe Governor-General of the Russian Empire (now in the territory of the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan). Russian. From the family of the railway employee. Since 1919, he worked on hiring in Glukhovsky, then in the village of Lokot Rubtsovsky district of the Altai province. Since 1923 - Secretary of the Localsk rural and parliament cell VLKSM.C. 1924 - in the Red Army. He graduated from the Omsk Infantry School named after M. V. Frunze in 1927. In 1927-1934, he served in the 9th Siberian Infantry Regiment of the OGPU troops in Novosibirsk - a platoon commander (1927), assistant headquarters of the regiment (1930), head of the regimental school (1933). Member of WCP (b) since 1927. Socialized M. Frunze Military Academy in 1937. At the end of the Academy Zyryanov, it was proposed to go to the service in the border troops to the staff position. Zyryanov agreed, but only for a team position. From September 1937 - in the border troops of the NKVD of the USSR, the head of the 69th Commissioner of the NKVD of the Far Eastern District. From May 1939 - Head of the headquarters of the border troops of the NKVD of the Primorsky District. From January 1942, the head of the border troops of the NKVD-MVD-MGB of the USSR of Primorsky (then renamed the Pacific) border districts. During the service in the Far East, actively participated in operations against Japanese, Manchurian and White Guard sabotage and intelligence groups, in continuous border slas and battles with Japan military parts. In August 1945, he led the troops of the Primorsky Border District during the Manchu Strategic Operation of the Soviet-Japanese war. Before the border guards of the district, combat missions were put on the seizure and the destruction of Japanese border units and located near the border of garrisons, capture and retention through border rivers, offensive actions together with military units in the border strip. All these tasks of the district troops successfully solved with minimal combat losses. On May 9, 2012, the "Youth" stadium from May 20, 1952 - Head of the Main Directorate of the Border Guard Forces of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR (MGB). In March 1953, the USSR MGB was abolished, and border troops were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. From June 1954 - Member of the Collegium of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR May 28, 1956 P. I. Zyryanov was transferred to the State Security Committee at the Council of Ministers of the USSR and appointed Deputy Head of the 3rd Main Department of the KGB (military counterintelligence). In October - November 1956 was in the Hungarian People's Republic and took an active part in the operations of suppressing armed anti-Soviet rebellion (the then official formulation of those events, now known as the Hungarian uprising). With April 1, 1957 - again the head of the Main Directorate of the Border Troops transmitted The Committee of State Security at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the same time from September 1959, a member of the KGB board at the CM of the USSR. In 1964, he participated in the visit of the Soviet delegation to the People's Republic of China to conduct negotiations on controversial border issues, in February - August 1964 - the head of the Soviet delegation at the negotiations on the definition of the border on the disputed areas between the USSR and the PRC, 20-year-old activities . I. Zyryanova as the head of the border troops of the USSR is estimated at most modern publications as positive and reform. By ensuring reliable protection of the state border, Zyryanov conducted reorganization and re-equipment of troops, ensuring their equipment at the most modern level. The author of the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating mobile maneuverable fire groups on the most dangerous areas of the border for prompt increases in the threat of a breakthrough of the border. This idea was rejected by the successor Zyryanov, but later during the war in Afghanistan in the 1980s they returned to it and implemented. Also, the right thing of this idea Zyryanova is confirmed by the experience of hostilities at the Tajiko-Afghan border in the 90s and in other hot spots in the territory of the former USSR.
Soviet military commander, Colonel-General.
On March 16, 1907 was born in the village of Glukhovskoye Semipalatinsk region of the Steppe Governor-General of the Russian Empire (now in the territory of the East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan). From the family of the railway employee. He graduated from a three-class parish school in Semipalatinsk. From 1919 he worked on hiring in the Glukhovsky district, then in the village of Lokot Rubtsovsky county of the Altai province. Since 1923 - Secretary of the Locodsk rural and volost cell of the WLKSM.
Since September 1924 - in the Red Army. He graduated from the Omsk Infantry School named after M. V. Frunze in 1927. In 1927-1934, he served in the 9th Siberian Infantry Regiment of the OGPU troops in Novosibirsk - a platoon commander, assistant headquarters of the regiment, head of the regimental school. Member of WCP (b) since 1927.
He graduated from the military academy of the Red Army named after M. V. Frunze in 1937. At the end of the Academy, he was invited to go to the service in the border troops to the staff position. He agreed, but only for a team position. From September 1937 - in the border troops of the NKVD of the USSR, the head of the 69th Commissioner (Hankay) border of the NKVD of the Far Eastern district. From May 1939 - Head of the headquarters of the border troops of the NKVD of the Primorsky District. From January 1942, the head of the border troops of the NKVD-MVD-MGB of the USSR of Primorsky (then renamed the Pacific) border districts. During the service in the Far East, actively participated in operations against Japanese, Manchurian and White Guard sabotage and intelligence groups, in continuous border slas and battles with Japan military parts. In August 1945, he led the troops of the Primorsky Border District during the Manchu Strategic Operation of the Soviet-Japanese war. Before the border guards of the district, combat missions were put on the seizure and the destruction of Japanese border units and located near the border of garrisons, capture and retention through border rivers, offensive actions together with military units in the border strip. All these tasks of the district's troops have successfully solved with minimal combat losses.
From May 20, 1952 - Head of the Main Directorate of the Border Forces of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR (MGB). In March 1953, the USSR MGB was abolished, and border troops were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Since June 1954 - Member of the Collegium of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.
On May 28, 1956, he was transferred to the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and was appointed Deputy Head of the 3rd Main Department of the KGB (military counterintelligence). In October - November 1956, he was in the Hungarian People's Republic and took an active part in the operations to suppress the armed anti-Soviet rebellion (the then official formulation of those events, now known as the Hungarian uprising).
From April 1, 1957, the head of the Main Directorate of the Border Forces transferred to the Committee of State Security at the Council of Ministers of the USSR. At the same time from September 1959, a member of the KGB board at the CM of the USSR. In 1964, he participated in the visit of the Soviet delegation to the People's Republic of China to conduct negotiations on controversial border issues, in February - August 1964 - the head of the Soviet delegation at the negotiations on the determination of the border on the controversial sites between the USSR and the PRC.
Long-term 20-year activity as the head of the border troops of the USSR is estimated in most modern publications as positive and reform. By ensuring reliable protection of the state border, he conducted reorganization and re-equipment of troops, ensuring their equipment at the most modern level. The author of the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating mobile maneuverable fire groups on the most dangerous areas of the border for prompt increases in the threat of a breakthrough of the border. This idea was rejected by the successor, but later during the war in Afghanistan in the 1980s they returned to it and implemented. Also, the right thing of this idea is confirmed by the experience of combat operations at the Tajiko-Afghan border in the 90s and in other hot spots in the territory of the former USSR.
From December 1972 - retired. He lived in Moscow.
He was awarded three orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the seed of the red banners, two orders of the Red Star, medals.
Died in 1992.
