Forgotten battalion. Finnish attack of the Soviet Street and the Star of the Hero for its reflection wounded Strolon Dotion 1941
Dot defenders fight the heroic .... and even if we all perish:
Long live the victory of the Red Army! Long live communism!
From the report of an unknown commandant
soviet Dota under Rava-Russian. June 1941.
Captured by the enemy, this document, an excerpt from which was submitted to the epigraph, was obviously destroyed in its original. The fate of many documents, like the fate of people, in the years of war was incredibly difficult. The report found in the ruins of the Dot's underwater by the enemy, on the remains of the Soviet officer, was translated by the Nazis and was attached to his report on the results of fighting for Soviet fortifications at the border. And then the times changed. And now the enemy headquarters is already defeated, and the Soviet translator, among other documents, translates again into Russian, to the script language, these words that exciting us today.
For many years about the fate of garrisons of the bits, built before the war on the border, we practically did not know anything. Now, finally, it is possible to say with full confidence that at the border in June 1941, hundreds of small fortresses fought in brutal battles with the enemy. On the battle resistance and courage of some of these garrisons our story.
This topic is a little disclosed in our historical literature. Many events, names and fee for decades were not known. Others, unfortunately, are unknown and still. After all, dots were built at the border itself, they are stationary and their small, often in a few man garrisons, surrounded by the enemy, died, went out in stupid, in non-existence.
Before trying to make an overview of the movement of battles and feats of warriors of individual fortifications and reference points of rejection, it is necessary to make a slight introduction to the essence of the question. Experience of the 1st World War and especially successful defense by the French fortifications of the so-called. Maginos Lines, which the German troops could not overcome, the bitter experience of fighting on the Soviet troops of the strengthening of the Mannerheim line on the Karelian Isthmus during the Soviet-Finnish war 1939-1940. They became a kind of motive to create defense fortification before the war on the border with Germany. Strongs created in the border region should have become the basis in the cover of the border in the event of the beginning of the war. As a rule, reproduction included three defensive bands: suppring, the main defensive strip and a rear defensive strip. Expruit passed 1-3 kilometers before the main defensive band, which consisted of field-type facilities - trenches for the placement of rifle units, machine guns, mortars, anti-tank guns, mineral fields with anti-tank and anti-personnel mines and anti-tank engineering structures.
The most important part of the defensive position was the main defensive band. Her backbone, her foundation should have been dots (long-term firepoints) of rejection. The most important tactical task of Stregradon is to force the enemy to lead a frontal offensive, which required the completion of the system of fortified areas and mandatory filling in their field troops. It is clear that it required a lot of time for the construction, equipping the fortifications of armament and training of troops. The frontal attack on the rejection demanded from the enemy of attraction, in turn, significant forces and means. As a rule, reproduction on the front reached 100-120 kilometers and had in its composition from 3 to 8 defense nodes (UO). In turn, the fortification defense node consisted of 3-5 reference points (OP). The fortifications defense assembly, having a front of 8-10 kilometers, was engaged in a separate machine-gun battalion (OPB). Before the war, an artillery prevailed in armament, artillery and machine-gun battalions and divisions were created instead of the OPB.
At the Depth Defense section in defensive structures of the field type between his supporting points there was a deeply echelonized rifle regiment, which was the commander of the rifle regiment. The command center was usually located on one of the support points - next to the command center of the defense node commander. The support item itself was usually engaged in a machine-gun mine of the OPB or the battery of the artpuleometal division. On positions of the reference point, a rifle battalion was located. Commanders of rifle battalions of field troops and machine-gun mouth Hurray had joint command points. On the rear defensive strip usually placed reserves. The Soviet command considered the strengthening of the locality not as passive, but as a highly active means of struggle. By virtue of this, the saturation of artillery in strengthening, the saturation of artillery, was sharply increased, was introduced, the warm-artillery shelves were introduced to provide arthogne maneuver in the hurray strip. Special attention was paid to the flanking fire of the OPB, anti-tank defense. Each UO was based on the maintenance of circular defense.
In the late 20s and the first half of the 30s, the line of defense of the rejection, so-called. Stalin line, was built along the western border of the USSR with the countries of the Baltic and Poland. It was imperfect and not completed, the density of long-term fire facilities is insufficient, machine guns were on their arms. The events of 1939 - the World War II began, redistributed the borders of Eastern Europe, including as a result of the secret collusion of Hitler with Stalin, a new way to the construction of fortifications, and failures with overcoming Mannerheim's line during the Soviet-Finnish war 1939-GG . They proved the great importance of reprodunds in improving the defense capacity of the border. They were decided to build primarily along the new border with Germany, held in the west of the land reigned with Ukraine and Belarus, along the partition of Poland from Grodno to Misley - mainly on water borders - Rivers Narev, South Bug, San. In Lithuania, on the border with Eastern Prussia and in the south at the border with Slovakia (where the Hungarian troops were introduced) and Romania, the construction of fortifications was only planned, only a few small reference points managed to build. Only units could participate in the battles. Recognition of the border for the construction of the level and control over construction has been held since the autumn of 1939 under the guidance of the best inventor engineers, incl. General D M. Karbyshev, whom the war caught with a mission to check the construction of construction on the border in the Grodno area. Thus, the construction of four fortifications in the strip of the Western Special Military District was envisaged: the Grodno 68th, Osovo 66th, Zamfrovsky 64th and Brest 62nd and four in the Licap of the Kiev Special Military District: Vladimir-Volynsky 2nd, Kamenka -Stromilovsky 4th, Rava-Russian 6th and Menum 8th level. ( I do not write about Kovelsky - only I do not write to Kamenet-Podolsky. We are talking about fortifications, widely participating in battles. - A.K.)
The choice of construction places of fortifications from a purely engineering point of view was, as a rule, impeccable: all the dots were erected (or expected to build) along the hills and alpoys in close linking and interaction with each other. The fact is that fortifications, in contrast to all other types and labor of the land forces, are tied to Earth, immobile, and therefore their regular structure is less temporable: there were reinforcements that included up to 8 nodes of defense, and were only 3-4 and even 1- 2. The assumption of the main directions of the possible occurrence of the enemy played a huge role. So, Brest Strongs All three main nodes of defense had on the eastern shore r. Western Bug to the north-west of Brest, with the Brest Fortress on his left flank. South of Brest, almost 100 kilometers on Western Bugu, given the wood-marsh terrain and the weak development of roads, the construction of fortifications was not assumed. There were quite large gaps between the strengthenions and their defense nodes in some cases, which were called in drawings and schemes as a rear strip of defense, built in the first month of war.
A significant disadvantage was the fact that dots located on the heights of the Rivers Narev, Western Bug and San were visible with adjacent territory and often separated by the enemy during their construction, despite all the disguise measures. It seems more successful other of the proposed options for the placement of fortifications, which, unfortunately, was not adopted. According to this version, defensive frontiers were proposed to be placed taking into account natural and natural conditions on the removal from the state border line at 25-50 km. This would allow the construction of supporting points is secretive from the enemy, and with a sudden attack, our troops in the constructed long-term and field structures constructed.
Maybe the construction of the fortifications was not worth starting. It was started in 1940, when the World War I was already in the world. Expensive for funds and requiring tremendous costs, it was designed for several years ( is Stalin really confident that the Second World War will not affect the USSR? - A.K.And of course, the beginning of the aggression of Germany against the USSR was far from completion. Obviously (more precisely: now it is obvious) that the decision to build strengthening the first line along the new state border, adopted in the conditions when the war was already in the world, now it should be considered erroneous. However, it is impossible not to consider the error and dismantling or conservation of the strengthening system at the old state border, on the already mentioned so-called. Stalin lines. Now it is clear that in the situation 1940-1941. It would be more correct to use tremendous material and human resources spent on the construction of rejunctions to create a system of deeply echelonized field frontiers with the placement on them on an ongoing basis of our troops with simultaneous preservation, completion and strengthening of Soviet fortifications along the line of the old state border. But we are all smart in rear.
Nevertheless, the strengthening at the new border was built in the most advanced projects. Dots were usually artillery-machine-gun, i.e. There were 76-mm or 45mm guns and machine guns in a hinge mount. The choice of their positions and layout were, as a rule, are successful, reinforced concrete of steel and cement of high grades with the additive of granite was highly strength. It was envisaged everything necessary for the garrison to conduct a stubborn selfless struggle.
No doubt, - reported commander 293 of the infantry division at the outcome of June 1941, completing the siege of a number of Soviet fortifications in the area of \u200b\u200bthe m. Semyatichi, which is north-west of Brest, - that overcoming the fortifications after its completion would require severe victims and the use of heavy weapons of large calibers. The dot is constructed, as a rule, from the monolithic reinforced concrete and is the main cell of the system of a long-term belt of fortifications. This is usually a two- and even three-story building, but only its top with braces and embrasures is a little towers over the ground. This upper battle floor with firing compartments, in which guns and machine guns are installed, most reinforced. The lower floor (or floors depending on the type of structure), is assigned to the life support of the garrison: warehouse of ammunition, warehouses for water and food, places for the power plant, places for garrison recreation, etc. Each room is separated from another reinforced concrete walls. Dot power - in moral durability, combat training and cohesion of the garrison, in the relics of fire of perfect weapons, in the fortress of reinforced concrete walls.
Dot, the limited view from it, is very similar to the tank, and besides, it is still still. And just like a tank, he definitely when one is defended, without covering fire from other bides and without the presence of so-called. Infantry filling on the defense site. Therefore, the dys of the support point must be located so that approaches one to another completely overlapping with fire, and have a tactically meaningful space, especially in front and flanks, for infantry filling.
What was the number of Soviet fortifications - the bits at the new state border, which in the morning at dawn on June 22, 1941 broke the aggressor? By the summer of 1941, the fortifications were built along the line of the entire border from the Baltic to the Black Sea and partially on the border with Finland. Of course, not a solid, but in the 1st stage in the plots of particularly dangerous directions. Naturally, in Lithuania, as well as Moldova and the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine, which included the USSR in the summer of 1940, construction just began. Therefore, in our calculations on the number of combat-ready bolsters, and then on the course of fighting in their sites we will focus on the 4th fortifications of the Western OIO:
Grodno 68 - M - 107 mores;
OSHETSKY 66-M - 57 dollars;
Zamfrovsk 64-M - 54 Dota;
Brest 62-M - 92 Dota.
Thus, in the strip of the Western Front in combat readiness there should be 310 dollars, V.A. Anfilov calls 193 facilities. He is closer to the truth, but really a significantly smaller number of bobs participated in the battles. We will see this on the example of Grodno or Brest Strongs.
In 4 fortifications, Coo was:
Vladimir-Volynsky 2nd - 97 mores;
Kamenka-Strumilovsky 4-M - 84 Dota;
Rava-Russian 6-M - 91 dot;
Menum 8-M - 99 dollars.
So, on the southwestern front, in the strip from Misley, to Vladimir-Volynsk was in combat readiness alleged 371 dot. But here really participated in the battles significantly fewer points. This review will also host the facts of the heroism of the defenders of a number of dzotts (tremendous firepoints) of the 9th Kovel Stolongon building under construction.
It should be noted that not all of the blots shown in this table were in a state of combat readiness. Full garrisons were not fully equipped, lacked weapons, ammunition, communications, not all strengthening were fully equipped, especially power plants.
The masking of the women, erected in the spring and early summer, mainly by plated by the turf, as well as cut-off trees and bushes, to the beginning of the fire, and the dots were noticeably allocated on the ground. In some cases, hundreds of firing sectors were not cleared - the urgent farms, bushes, market folds were prevented. Serious disadvantages also took place in combat training garrisons of dollars, especially in tactics and fire: joint classes with field troops were not enough, combat shooting from regular guns was not conducted (the farm and close placement of fortifications to the border).
The structure of the future fortifications should also be included in the construction of old Russian fortresses Grodno, Osovo, Lomgi and Brest. But to the modernization of the fortresses did not have time. Built dots due to their small number have not yet created a system of fortifications. Only in some sections of the boundaries, reference points, defense nodes of individual machine-gun and machine-gun-artillery battalions were designated. There were breakdown between the reprimals, often in tens of kilometers. There were gaps between the support points of the mouth and the battalion defense nodes. Dots were not sufficiently covered with each other and were not associated with a unified system of fire, field fortifications in ruptures were only built and were not engaged in troops.
And now we turn to an interesting document drawn up by the enemy.
In February 1942, after a detailed study of Soviet fortifications on our border, the headquarters of the Supreme Command of the enemy's land forces released the book of Denkschrift Uber Die Russische Landesbefestigung "", which placed the following information:
Comparison of the number of Russian fortifications and strengthening of the Maginos line:
As you can see, the Germans calculated the concrete boxes of women from the Baltic to Misleyly and counted 1113 units, i.e. Less than one Dota per kilometer of the front, but they did not all acted. According to our calculations, in the morning of the beginning of the war, at best, the fire on the enemy of 350-400 dollars.
Those. We have no strengthening lines on us on the old border. Over rare cases there were no field filling at the level of fortifications. For example, a part of the 42nd Rifle Division from the Brest area was to the fortifications of 18 OPB of the Brest Burst. It is 10-15-25 km north-west of Brest along the border under the enemy's fire. And so it was for few exceptions along the entire border. Is it wonder that the major motorized and tank connections of the enemy in the domination of enemy aviation in the air in the directions of the main blows easily found weakly covered areas of the boundary, literally crushed small resistance nodes in the form of border guard and reference points of reprimions, and the fortifications defense nodes with the strongest resistance We managed to approach them our field troops, went around and blocked. By guided by the famous spoken, no one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten, the author of these lines over the years worked on Soviet and German archival sources and different kinds of other materials. The complexity of the issue is that all the facilities led to the struggle in the early rear of the advancing German troops, and therefore, only in rare cases, the sources were postponed in the archives of our retreating army, defeated defeat in the first period of war. For the purposes of greater completeness and objectivity in the assessment of the assembled material, it was necessary to drive around most of these battles from Grodno in the north to Rava-Russian in the south, including the area of \u200b\u200bSemyati-Drochin, which is currently in Poland. Nevertheless, in some cases it only has to state a feat. The poverty of information, and in many cases only their belonging to the foundation of the trophy materials did not allow to reveal the names of many heroes, describe the details of the fighting. Here will be told about the most prominent facts of heroism and resistance, most of them were published for the first time me.
So, the first paragraph of the fierce struggle in the positions of our fortifications was the area of \u200b\u200bthe town of Sopozzino under the city of Grodno.
stregnation positions
Our attention to this area attracted a sad event, what a lot happened after the war on the Earth of Belarus. In the fall of 1963, the geologists who worked at the border town of Sopozzino, found the remains of the warriors under concrete blocks, his defenders. Time did not save soldier documents. Only one of the dead found a medallion in the name of the Krasnoarmeyman Hadiba Habirov, a native of Bashkiria. Hadib, along with his nine martial friends, rests in a fraternal grave in the town of Sopozzino. About their combat affairs tells the ruins of Dota, who until the last hour they defended.
But the opponent's reports are quite in a detriment of these battles. In the reporting of the commander 28 of the infantry division, it is said: on the plot of fortifications from Solotskino and the north ... This is primarily about the opponent who firmly decided to keep at any cost and fulfilled it. The offensive according to currently the basic principles did not give success here ... Only with the help of powerful subversive means it was possible to destroy one dot after another ... to capture numerous structures of the division funds were not enough. The documents say that the Russians are defended in defensive structures skillfully and skillfully, unexpectedly open fire, often pass in counterattacks, fighting in the country, the precipitated people had to repeatedly reflect the numerous and sudden ribs of Russian ... Soldiers who burst out of the best terrain, and there Removed resistance. Even in Dota, the enemy complained, insufficiently blow up one embrasure or exit from the structure. It was necessary to fight for each room, since, as a rule, it was possible to capture only those soldiers who were in this undermined compartment.
head of party school G.L. Grishaev
Judging by the reports, the Nazis believed: officer parts or special purpose troops fought in Dotha. In fact, these were ordinary, linear divisions and parts of the fortified districts. Thus, in the Grodno region, the newly built dots occupied the divisions of 68 Grodno Stolongone - its 9th separate machine-gun battalion in the Splazkino district and the 10th separate machine-gun battalion in the Lipsk area. The warriors of these parts of the reprimand from the very beginning of the war were heroically and selflessly defended their positions. This is evidenced by the reporting of the Chief of Political Propaganda 68 Hurray of the Regiment Commissioner Habrovitsky dated June 30, 1941 on the combat actions of parts 68 Hurray from 06.22.1941, which says: 06.22.1941 in 4 hours the enemy opened a strong arthogon around the region 9 and 10 OKB. After 1.5 hour art preparation, the enemy moved to the offensive, the bulb entered into battle, opening the fire from the reaches of the coming enemy ... until 14.00 06/22/1941, from the command station, Kurshend, a telephone connection with the pulbists, which later ceased and restore it It was not possible, since by this time the field troops moved away ... the fate of the personnel of 9 and 10 separate machine-gun battalions that were in Dotha, unknown. In the report it was said that Straighon's battalions were raised by a combat alarm at night two hours before the attacks of the fascists and before the start of the enemy art prudence managed to take dots, load ammunition in them. To assist the headquarters and the department of political propaganda of Stregradon, the headquarters of artillery captain A.I. were sent to the 9th OPB. Titov and head of party school G.L. Grishaev.
In the middle of the day on June 22, the enemy broke through the front line at the junction of machine-gun battalions, came out on the left flank, and then in the rear of the 9th OPB. Dys and 10 battalion were held. Our warriors who fought in Dothah turned out to be cut off ...
Work on archival documents and in the main management of the staff of the Ministry of Defense allowed to establish new facts about battles in Dothah Strongs, to identify the names of many warriors of the heroes of this struggle, find some surviving defenders.
In August 1941, a group of Soviet officers passed under the city of Rechitsa in the Dnieper. They barely moved, were exhausted to the limit. The Group had officers from the 68 Strong River leadership A.I. Titov and G.L. Grishaev. Their written reports of the Command revealed new names, led new facts. When at 4 o'clock in the morning on June 22, officers wrote, the enemy opened a hurricane fire, and enemy airplanes appeared in the air, the town of Sopozzino and the nearest villages soon fired fires fires. The commander of 9 separate machine-gun battalion Captain Peter Vasilyevich lived together with the arrived officers left for the command post in Dota. He personally headed the struggle of reference points with a cure enemy. A.I. Titov and G.L. Grishaev helped Kombat.
major Tia. Yakovlev
Until June 26, 1941, the garrisons of the battalion dollars led a fierce battle with the enemy, it was unusually heroic and full tragedy days. Fought in full detachment from their forces. They beat off the opponent's attack in the forehead, from the rear and flanks. The onslaught of its assault groups, armed with assault guns, rapid powders and machine guns, smoke charges and explosives were discarded. Only partially constructed dots fought alone or small groups, often without having a fire connection with each other, not covering each other. Therefore, fighters, armed machine guns and rifles, had to often fight from the trenches died on the approaches to the fortifications. Using the plots and numerical weakness of our fortifications, the land and numerical weakness of our fortifications, the Nazis managed to block the strengthening and undermine them. And then the commander of the battalion P.V. He lived decides to go to the breakthrough. On the right flank, too, surrounded by Nemman himself, fought by bleeding, the 213rd rifle regiment of the 56th Rifle Division. His commander Major Yakovlev Timofey Yakovlevich suggested jointly forcing the Neman at the village of Groj, and then, moving the forests in the northeast direction, making his way to the front line. During the brutal battle on June 26, 1941, the remains of the regiment and battalion forced Neman, moving towards Drusseniki. At the same time, the fierce battle with the enemy was kept under Drusseniki, defeating some of his strength. The former cadet of the school of the regiment, the teacher Sultan Askherkhanov said that it was 142 infantry regiment of the enemy. At the same time, he writes, 180 prisoners were taken, 15 cars, wagons, weapons, a banner. I remember well, "he concludes, - that the banner took the Senior Sergeant of the Commissioners, originally from Orekhovo-Zueva near Moscow. Movement to the east, to the front, continued. In several battles and ships with pursuing the remains of the regiment and battalion, Many Fighters and Commanders were killed, among them the Commissioner of Black, Politruk Repoil, Junior Lieutenant Tibilov. The wounded was captured by the enemy commander 213 rifle regiment Major Tia. Yakovlev. On his last hours of life, the former clerk of the first battalion, one-fampots of his commander shelf Krasnoarmec L.F. Yakovlev: He was hood, beaten, in torn clothes, wounded, but in his form. For goodbye, assured us in the inevitable victory over the fascists. Do not be incurred before the enemy, fight and fight who and where as it can - it was his last appeal to us, we are already kicking the pinks further. And later we heard that Major Yakovlev Enemies shot. With his hatred to the enemy it was impossible not to believe.
And yet several groups of fighters and commanders 213 of the rifle regiment and 9 machine-gun battalion managed to reach the front line, join their. There was among them and the captain P.V. Lived. He continued to fight on the front, received the title of Major, commanding the rifle regiment. In January 1943, in battle near Novorossiysk, he was seriously injured, his legs lost. And lived after the war in Rostov-on-Don. At one time, a letter was received from him: all garrisons fought courageously, "he writes. - and strengthening the 1st company of Lieutenant Panicleva I.A., located in the August Canal from the Nemman River. And the calculations of the 2nd company at the village of Novoselki, the name of the commander of which, unfortunately, forgot. This company belonged to Dot, in which X. Habirov and his combat friends were killed. And training company Lieutenant Kabylkin T.I. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of New. The 3rd company of our battalion was located from us in the Big Out - in the area of \u200b\u200bAugustus. How there was a matter, I do not have information. It is difficult to allocate someone especially. If the enemy did not pass and broke through the defense of the 9th separate machine-gun battalion, it means not individuals fought, and the entire composition of the battalion adequately met the enemy.
Tragic formed the front fate of A.I. Titova and G.L. Grishaeva. After leaving the environment, they returned to the front again, commanded the shelves. Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Titov died on September 23, 1944, commanding the artillery of the 12th Red Brawn Brigade of Marines, Lieutenant Colonel G.L. Grishaev died in July 1944, commanding the rifle regiment. During the long four days, June 22-25, 1941, he wrote on May 24, 1944, shortly before his death, Lieutenant Colonel Grishaev, - the garrisons of the bits led the battle by one ammunition. The Germans blocked a number of dollars, burned and undermined the calculations closed on massive doors. In Dotha, the family of the officer of the officer, who fought with their fathers and husbands died.
Border Plot under Granno (1941)
Selflessly defended in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Novelty garrisons of several bits of the study company. This is primarily a dot of 59 younger lieutenant P.N. Chus, dot 72 Lieutenant V. A. Pilkevich and a number of other fortifications. Hitlermen one after another undermined these fortifications. In Dota 51, according to the former commandant V.G. Machulin, especially the heroic showed itself a junior sergeant Sorokin, cadets of Evseev's training company, Abdrakhmanov.
Battalion's warriors delivered a lot of trouble to the storms of their position of the Nazis. Until the last opportunity, they covered the approaches to their fortifications, while being outside them, in external cooling and inside. When the enemy assault groups, finally managed to get directly to Dota, they still did not give up, but they were hidden in his depth. It was forced to recognize the Nazis in their reports. Thus, the commander of the enemy 28 infantry division in the contamination of the fights for Soviet dots in the Sopozzino area wrote: garrisons were hidden when attacking the lower floors. There it was impossible to capture them there ... as soon as the assault groups rolled back, the enemy again came to life and occupied the ambrusuras, as far as they were still unharmed. And further: defenders of long-term defensive structures fought hard and fiercely. They fought in most cases until the last person.
The enemy was forced to recognize the uncomplicable resistance of Soviet soldiers. With such dedication, the Germans collided for the first time. In one of the documents of the German command, we find an entry: in one strengthening the last remaining person was fought. He shot even when dot blew up. This defender killed two German overs officers when they tried to enter the bunker after the explosion. The wounded officer blew himself, putting a grenade on his chest and pulling the check, after he could not shoot more.
This is the forced recognition of the enemy about the feat of the Soviet officer. Participant of battles in 59 Dota, a former cadet of a 9-fold training company, who lived in with. Baryatin Tula region Andrei Danilovich Shmelev associates named his commander. Junior Lieutenant P.N. Chus is the commandant of our Dota 59, "he writes," many Nazis laid from the machine gun. When they broke into dot, he blew himself with a grenade, while destroying two enemy non-officers. So died brave Soviet officer P.N. Just, still listened in the lists of missing warriors of the Great War.
In the fight against our fortifications, the Nazis used all: smoke checkers, flamets, artillery of different calibers up to heavy assault and concrequity systems, undermined dots with tall charges in 150-200 kg. All the norms of warfare, elementary laws of humanity were earthed. Russians in fortifications are fighting extremely harder, - the commander of the 43rd fascist assault battalion. - Even hard wounded, dying Russian, who moans in agony on Earth, continues to fight. Therefore, it is necessary for every dyatured or killed by many shots from the gun to do absolutely not dangerous for our troops.
Document of stunning cynicism! Shoot the wounded, abruptly over the corpses of those killed ... And this was done by the Linear Troops of the Wehrmacht! Not only shot the wounded, but also calmly left the hard wounded to die in powder and gas smoke. The number of those killed in Dota, - reports the commander of the 742th sapper battalion, - did not begin to determine, because Because of the explosive gases accumulated there, it was impossible to enter the dot.
HELL. Shmelev continues: in Dota 59 we have left the wounded four cadets and Sergeant Voronin. Their surnames are: Kuzminy, Petrov, and the fourth I do not remember. There was nothing to fight, and on June 27 we slept. And the next day, the fascists burst into dot, and putting us to the wall (we could not stand), shot. I stayed with a steroid breast.
During the study, it was possible to find several soldiers and commanders who remained in living and commanders, defeated dots under Grodno. Interesting information on the interaction of their Dota 51 with the border stamping of Lieutenant V.I. Usov, the posthumously awarded title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, leads the former commandant of Dota Lieutenant in resignation V.G. Machulin: Immediately after the enemy artillery preparation spoke to the fire of the Osov, which was about kilometer from us. Up to 8-9 in the morning, no one German soldier was approaching from this direction. The former commander of the Sapper platoon of the 172nd Safety Battalion Lieutenant retired D.I. Fedkin so recalls this outpost: especially I would like to note the courage of the border guards who left their stamping only for the fourth day, i.e. June 25th. Without having bits and heavy weapons, they applied the enemy sensitive losses.
P.V. Opened, V.G. Machulin, L.I. Irin and others in their memoirs call the names of the heroes of fights in Dota under Splacto: Lieutenant T.I. Kabykina, younger lieutenant F.T. Lyutova, younger lieutenant I.A. Panicleva et al.
Machulain notes that the actions of the defenders of women were especially successful and efficient where field troops began to turn around with them. On the 1st company plot, "he writes," the rifle regiment fixed ( this refers to 213 SP - AK.), There was something different. As the locals already told me after the war, there were trenches here, in which in three or four rows were exterminated Nazis. After fighting, the occupants took out their remains. In the summary of the enemy command of the losses of the 28 infantry division for the first month of the war, the figure is quite impressive for the division - 1814 people of killed and wounded soldiers and officers.
There is reason to argue that a significant part of these losses division suffered in battles for dots under Grodno.
The scheme of supporting points that participated in hostilities at the beginning of the Second World War
The positions of the 10th OPB, fought under Lipovsky (now it is the territory of Poland), from the first hours of war they were surrounded and were cut off from our parts, but the warriors fought selflessly and fulfilled their duty. In my request, director of the Military Museum in Bialystok Mr. Sigmount Kattyla said that they counted the ruins of the 52st fears of fierce fighting on themselves the battalion. Local residents indicate that the Soviet warriors are not fought for life, but to death, protecting every position, every dot. To do a lot to reveal the circumstances of this struggle, learn new names. I must say here that there was no such number of dolots in this battalion. It was possible to use the fortifications built by Poles to cover from Eastern Prussia.
There are direct information about hostilities surrounded by a number of divisions of the 66th Osovo and 64th Zambrovsky Strongs, whose position is now also located in Poland.
In the end of the headquarters of the Operational Department of the headquarters of the 10th Army of Lieutenant Colonel S.A. Markushevich said Merrate battalions of Osovtsky and Zamfovsky level with the announcement of the alarm took firepoints and many of the garrisons successfully reflected the attacks of the enemy and died at these points.
In another document, it is said that the bulbs of the specified fortifications occupied their firing positions, they were persistently defended them and did not come from the fight.
It is known that the 2nd Rifle Division, based on the construction of the 13th OPB of the 66th Osovo Strongs, two days led successful fights with an opponent in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Osovo fortress. The division left its position on the orders. Together with her there were divisions of the management and rear of Strongs. But garrisons of a number of his combat facilities still continued a fierce struggle directly at the border. From the trophy documents it can be seen that the 87th Infantry Division of the enemy until June 27, 1941 could not take some Soviet fortifications in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Osovo fortress and south.
Soviet surrounded dots in the Vincenne region were especially defended. The Nazis applied here to the guns of different calibers, powerful subversive means, smoke candles and checkers, selected to the dotam, hiding behind the barriers from sand bags. Even more resistant, albeit for two days, the struggle for the Soviet fortifications had to withstand the parts of the 7th Infantry Division against the 12th and 14th OPB of Zamfrovsky Straighfon in the Schulbazko region, which is on the railway from Warsaw to Bialystok, and Also in the Lomgi area. In the Division's report on the results of these fights, it is said: Dot defenders fought extremely stubbornly, literally until the last person. In one of the dollars, women and children were established among the battlements ( so it was in many paragraphs - AK.). The defenders are defended, reflecting the attack on dot. Then weapon is silent for a long time. But it is worth the attacking carelessly to give out how fierce fire begins again. Even the wounded shot out of the weapon, often leading the fire even through the open trunks of the guns.
The construction of defensive structures of the 62nd Brest Hurry along the new border in the Brest area began in the summer of 1940. However, by the beginning of the war, it was possible to build less than half the defensive objects planned according to plan. Moreover, these fortifications were not fully equipped: there were often power units in DOTA, there was no water, light. There was no telephone cable connection between Dotami in most cases, between units and with Straulone Staff, the connection was wired. Point reference points, battalion defense nodes were not associated with fire in a single defensive complex. To the north-west of Brest, there were plots of 10 and even 25 km, on which long-term fortifications were not erected at all. It was built here only facilities of a field type, and there were no troops in them.
The constructed dots were mostly single or two-chimperic machine-gun, artillery-machine-gun and artillery. At key positions built dots in three or four and even five Ambrazur. The armament of them to the beginning of the war was kept on conservation, ammunition and food were kept on rotary and battalion warehouses. Full garrisons depending on their size consisted of 8-9 and 16-18 people. Some stayed up to 36-40 people. The commandants of the dollars were appointed, as a rule, officers. However, by the beginning of the war, the divisions were a large noncompliament in the personnel, received replenishment for action in DOTAs was not prepared. All this has adversely affected the overall stability of defense. Nevertheless, from the very first days of war in the areas of the border, where our fighters were in Dotheonon, the opponent met stubborn resistance.
positions of the merptures
The most stressful and long battles with the enemy led the soldiers of the 17th artillery and machine gun battalion, located in the area of \u200b\u200bSemyati. The battalion included three companies. This battalion compared to others had more ready-made bots and more personnel. Strengthening in the support points of his mouth was placed more compact, it was better covering each other. But between the rotary of the fire connection was still not. On June 22, 1941, early in the morning, the first orders of the Rotam on the reflection of the enemy attacks gave the commander of the battalion Captain A.I. Postovalov. But by noon, the first day of the war, the connection with the bar of the battalion stopped, as the village of Bati, the middle, where the headquarters were located, attacked the nasty-flange of the Nazis. Since that time, the battalion, surrounded by the opponent, acted independently: the 1st company - at the village of Anusin, the 2nd - the Klerovskaya's power, the 3rd - at the ENNOPOL layers.
lieutenant
I. Fedorov
The 1st company headed by Lieutenant I.I. Fedorov, defended his position in the center of the battalion site. The five-chamored dot of the Eagle, in which the company commander was located, Dzhambraid artillery-machine-guns Svetlana and Falcon and several other structures covered the highway from the bridge across the Bug River on Semyati. In the first hours of battle, a group of border guards and fighters of the battalion headquarters joined the defenders.
Larger than others in this group of fortifications held a garison of Dota Eagle. The exciting story about the heroism of the defenders of the blues told the wife of the commander of the company Lieutenant I.I. Fedorova - P.E. Suleicin. By evening, on June 22, she, together with a three-year-old daughter, Inrance and Son Oleg, Lieutenant's wife Smalthanova with a girl on the hands and wife of Lieutenant Goncharov, on the advice of soldiers, began to wade to Dotham, counting on them. Pendant in Dot Lieutenant Fedorov failed: on him at this time, the Germans led the fire from guns, and women were hidden in Dota, who was headed by Lieutenant Semen Shaghantsev and departures of the company Politruk Volkov. After a while, Lieutenant Fedorov contacted them. He said that the enemy had advanced and surrounded them. But the company's return will not leave and will fight until our search fit, - then Fedorov said.
In Doths lacked water. Fighters under the fire of the enemy crawled at her in the village, occupied by the Germans. When there was no water, in Dota Lieutenant Shikhantsev failed machine guns. The enemy approached closer and began to fake dot with direct vendor. Large pieces of concrete fell off, lanterns went out, people began to fall from cement dust and powder gary. In the strengthening began to penetrate the thick, suffocating smoke. Having chopped the moment when the black cloud closed the dot, the women came out and, the drags of children, walked into the nearest crops of rye.
Gradually, the fire of swells. By June 28, only Dot Eagle Lieutenant Fedorova survived from all structures. The shooting of it ceased only in the second week of war. On the feet of warriors who fought the eagle in Dota, it became known later. P.E. Suleykina managed to see the wounded soldier Amozova, who said that the defenders of this dota fought to the last opportunity, to surrender to Germans. Together with Lieutenant I.I. Fedorov in Dotor was a medicine assistant Lyatin, Puhov Fighters, Butenko (he was the ordinary commander of the company Lieutenant I.I. Fedorova) and others. According to Amozova, Dothe defenders died. (Former Researcher Tsamo T.G. Stepanchuk discovered the reporting of the 65th Army's 65th Army to the Military Council of the 1st Belarusian Front. It indicates that after the release of the 65th Army to the State Border of the USSR in July 1944 in the village of Anusin Soviet The warriors were found in one hundred dollars on the flooded sleeves, near the fascinated machine gun, the body of two people. One of them, in the form of the younger Politrock, did not have any documents with him. In his pocket, his comrade was preserved Komsomolsk ticket No. 11183470 in the name of Kuznoarmeysk Kuzma Iosifovich Butenko. Found on the Warrior's remains, the Komsomol ticket is kept in the CMVS. To establish the name of the younger Politrut Misages failed. This fact was confirmed in the political leadership of the head of the political governance of the 1st Belarusian Front of Lieutenant General S.F. Galadev on August 6, 1944. It says that the following circumstances of the death of these two brave people turned out from the survey of local residents: Dot's garrison courageously from I installed my position, kept for seven days and reflected the attacks of the Germans until all ammunition was spent. In an unequal struggle, he destroyed a large number of German soldiers and officers. The Germans for the suppression of Dota spent a huge number of shells, but the coup was not surrendered. They closed all the hatches of Dot and died.)
Three days led the battle of Svetlana Dot under the command of the younger lieutenants V.I. Kolocharov and Teniaev. As Kolochar told, the arrows-gunner Kopekin and the gunner of the tools of Kazakh Khazambeks were especially distinguished. Hazambeks Together with the artilleryrs of the neighboring company in the first hours of the war, the enemy armored train was hit, and then successfully hit the fire of the infantry, which was moving along the railway bridge and the pontoon crossing.
The 2nd battalion company occupied the positions of the village of Breuths. She commanded Lieutenant P.E. Shortcomings. About how her warriors fought, the former commandants of the fools are written, now the officers of the reserve A.A. Molokin and F. Malusha, residents of the Semyatich tetage of Poland I. Vrshyshevich, A. Gladysh, I. Mityuk, and others. The Germans fired a strengthening from guns, bombed from the aircraft, undermined by explosives. But Russian soldiers did not give up. More than seven days fought dot on the northeast outskirts of the village of Cool. It had six soldiers and twelve young lieutenants, who only arrived at the battalion on June 21. Brave warriors on ultimatums and the backs were responded with fire, fought until the last cartridge.
The villages of the Nernopolsky layer fought the 3rd company battalion. Like other divisions, this company has entered the fight against the enemy from the first day. (Former comments of dolots, officers of the reserve I.N. Shibakov, S.N. Zaitsev, A.D. Grishechkin, wives of officers and super-staff M.V. Eyakova, and E. Lokteva, A.I. Gorelova, Polish citizens F. Bukhuchiets, P. Kuriga, A. Panasyuk, A. Semenyuk, M. Goponov and others reported on some of the fighting details on the site of this company. Defense was headed by Deputy Commander of the company V. K. Lieucene and Jr. Lieutenant I. I. Shevlyukov. In All seven hundred dolics participated in hostilities:
"Bee - younger lieutenant I.M. Sazonova, Kim - Junior Lieutenant N.V. Eliseenko, Fast - Junior Lieutenant, I.N. Shibakova, Gorki - Junior Lieutenant I.I. Shevlyukova, Hill - Junior Lieutenant S.N. Zaitseva (It was also V.K. Lietev), dot of the younger lieutenant A.V. Eskova and Dot The Unnamed Family Commander could not establish). In addition to Dota, the hill armed with a 45-mm gun, a paired machine gun, other structures did not have any guns. In They were only for two Maxim machine guns). On June 22, her warriors led a shootout with the infernal infantry, which moved on the side of the Semyati railway station. By the evening, the Nazis came out to Dotham located on the right company's flank, and they took the offensive on the village of Locks from the West. Fire Dots Hill, Bee, Kim and Unnamed forced enemy chains to heal, and then move back. In the morning the next day, the enemy resumed an offensive from all directions, especially from the south. On this day, garrisons of the hill hill, fast and younger Lieutenant Esikova beat off and several attacks. On June 24, the opponent set fire to the village of Lyhai. Soon the Nazis cut off the dots of the junior lieutenants of Sazonov, Eliseenko and Unnamed from the rest of the rhot. But the defenders continued to fight them. Fighters and commanders of the 3rd company fought with exceptional heroism. The masterfully operated a member of a 45-mm gun of the ordinary ficker. He led the fire even after damage to the sight. When the German divisions, preparing for a march, began to stretch along the highway, the resourceful warrior, visiting the gun through the trunk, broke several cars and destroyed the group of enemy soldiers.
During the defense of the soldiers, the rolls were widely used for the reflection of the attacks of the Nazis, clarify the situation, replenish food and water reserves. During one of their such bars, the foreman S. Gorelov and the Senior Sergeant Fat gathered a staff machine and delivered documents, radio stations and other trophies in dot. Junior Lieutenant A.V. Eskov from the ambush near the highway killed passing in the passenger car of the Hitler officer. At the same time, Eskov was injured, but managed to hide in Dota. (In subsequent battles, the Junior Lieutenant A.V. Eskov is secondaryly wounded, and during a fire in Dota received heavy burns.) All the participants in the battles and local residents wrote about his bold act. Moreover, they argued that a high-ranking German officer or general was killed, since after that the enemy with a special rage hit not only at dys, but also for the peaceful population. Anopol carars who arrived on that day in the village of Lyokh, who came from 16 to 60 years old, and the village burned.
The situation on the defense site of the 3rd company has deteriorated every day. On June 23, the relationship between Doths was lost, which were north of the villages of the layers. On the night of June 28, a wounded soldier from Dota Kim sniffed in Dot Gorki. He said that all people in those dota died: after the refusal to surrender them was poisoned by gas. (On the use of gitar gases In addition to participants in battle, residents of the villages of the layers and Anusin P. Kuriga, F. Bukhovets, etc.) were killed and the commandants of the firepoints junior lieutenant Sazonov (the wife of the younger lieutenant, Maria Vasilyevna, reports that the body ml. Lieutenant I. M. Sazonov was identified by the inhabitants of the villages of the layers, whom the fascists after the battles made the dota.), Unnamed and Kim - Junior Lieutenant Eliseenko. (In May 1964, I.N. Shibakov, being on vacation in Poland, under the concrete block of the bleed Dota Kim found the remains of ml. Lieutenant. They were buried with the honors. The gymnaste of an officer together with the signs of differences was handed over to the Museum of Heroic Defense of the Brest Fortress. So As, according to Shibakov's testimony, there were no other officers in Dota, it can be assumed that they found the remains ml. Lieutenant I.V. Eliseenko.)
Participants and eyewitnesses of fights report that the fascists shot Politruck V.K. Elteva right at the firepoint Hill in which he was. Apparently, this is stated in the report of the command of the 293rd German Infantry Division: in one dota in the forest, the Westland of the Kamenka River was captured by Politruk and according to the order was shot. This Politroh took on command of the company, including the management of subordinate dotami ... It was found that the surname of this political officer of the cityichi. (Perhaps himself called himself by V.K. Loktev at the captivity. None of the battalions of this site did not have an officer with such a name. According to the participants of the fighting, the 3rd company's dots were in the fishing line west of the Kamenka River and led their defense Politrak in . At. Locks.) He was the soul of opponation resistance and this area ...
In Dota Hill until the last moment was the wife of the senior S. Gorlyov - Anna Gorlyov. A courageous woman helped fighters, cared for the wounded. When a handful of warriors, headed by Locks, came out of dot to the last attack, and with them was Gorleov. The Germans later wrote about this fact: ... The wife of one soldier came out of prisoners from the undervalued Dota.
At the right flank of Stregradon, 100 kilometers from the north-west of Brest, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe town of Drochin, were the positions of the 16th artillery and machine-gun battalion, which was commanded by Captain A.V. Nazarov. The battalion of finished dolots almost did not have. His headquarters was located in the village of Crupitsa, there were firepoints of the 1st company near him, which was commanded by Lieutenant ZD. Falcon. The fighters of the company, opening fire on the fascists in the first few minutes of war, threw their attempts to organize a crossing through the Bug on this site. However, less than 20 soldiers remained at noon. At this time, Captain A.V. Nazarov, Head of the Staff of the battalion Senior Lieutenant Taraskin and a group of headquarters fighters, taking the banner of the battalion, joined the company ZD. Sokol (other information about the battles of the 1st company was not detected). This breaks information about the fights under the village of Crupitsa.
At the village of Minchovo, in four dollars and three bursts in the ground, the tanks held the defense of the soldiers of the 2nd company, which was commanded by Lieutenant I.I. Zmeikin. On June 22, the German infantry and tanks stormed the positions of this company, but every time under the fire of guns and machine guns rolled back. Despite the losses, the enemy continued to attack. By night, the company was surrounded. Heavyly wounded I.I. Zmeikin was captured by the Nazis. In these battles, the platoon commander Senior Sergeant Sinitsyn died in his tank.
Until June 26, a garison of Dota 2nd company under the guidance of ml was fought. Lieutenant Antipova. It was both the deputy political officer of the company Kormich. A few days after the battle was chosen and covered by the local residents of the village of Minchovo's wounded Krasnoarmeca Gunko. He reported that the rest of the defenders of Dota died, including the crown.
On the left flank of Stregradon, the structures of the 18th artillery and machine gun battalion were placed. Here the 3rd Rota was particularly held here under the command of Lieutenant S.I. Veselova. Her fighters defended the area in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Orlya, located in five machine-gun doubles, and one dota with two 76-mm guns. Initially, the enemy fired dots from the guns, then, going closer, applied flameshots and smoke shells. However, the defenders of the bats kept.
Selfless fighters of the division headed by ML. Lieutenant A.K. Shagian. Even when the explosion of the projectile struck the left caponier, the contudate and half-slim soldiers were not confused. They switched to the surviving compartments and from there continued to fire.
ml. Lieutenant I.T. Glinin
Two days fought Dot garrison under the guidance of ml. Lieutenant I.T. Glinina. When the ammunition ended, the fascists grabbed the commander, sergeant wart, two fighters and shot them. At the end of the second day of defense, the commander of the company Lieutenant S.I. Cheerov, but the company continued fights and for the next day. Dotes ml fought until the last cartridge. Lieutenant A.Ya. Orekhov, N.I. Mishureenkova, P.I. Moskvina, Sh.Ya. Levita.
The village of Rechitsa, that near Brest was a dot of the 1st company under the command of ml. Lieutenants p.p. Selezneva, N.G. Zimin and Strip I.F. Rechina His garrison on the first day of war reflected several attacks of the Nazis and until the evening did not give them to organize a crossing through the Bug. Dot defenders died in flames of flamethos, with honor by fulfilling military duty.
The fighting of German troops against Soviet women from Brest is reflected in the reporting documentation of the headquarters of the Army Center. For example, in the record of June 28, 1941, it was said that parts of the 293rd infantry division of the 35th Army Corps were still continued to fight with Soviet fighters in the Semyati region. The fighting in the area said Division was able to finish only 30 June 1941.
The courage and perseverance of Soviet soldiers who defended the border martherings were recognized as enemies. In the reporting document of the 293rd German infantry division, it was stated about the fights near Brest: officers were always at the head of the garrison. Officers and soldiers defended until the last minute. It happened that our soldiers entering the destroyed dots were still shelling. The requirement for the transfer passed transmitted through the translator before the underworker did not have any impact.
In these stubborn battles that have launched more than a week, the Soviet soldiers could not delay the enemy on a wide portion of the front and put significant losses. But the defenders of border fortifications, fighting selflessly and persistently, distracted on themselves at the semotić site, the Drochician a whole infantry division of the German fascist troops. In addition, to combat Soviet Dotami in the Eagle area for three days, from 22 to 24 June, parts of the 167th Infantry Division of Nazis were detained. There is no need to say that even a delay with access to the front of a enemy part and the more connections played an important role for us.
Consider now another direction. If you see the reporting cards of the main headquarters of the enemy's land forces (OKM), it can be established that on the space from Liepaja to the Misley, it was suspended and wasted for a certain time in the first battles up to 25 enemy divisions. We will have the opportunity to call them with binding to battle places. And almost everywhere, where resistance was particularly long and successful, it is easy to establish that the success of the defense of our parts contributed to the presence of fortification facilities. In some cases, as in the Brest Fortress, it was a strengthening of earlier time, in others - new, just built before the war.
We will make a brief overview of the most prominent examples of resistance, courage and heroism of defenders of Soviet border fortifications in the strip of the South-Western Front in the first days of the Great Patriotic War. On the right wing of the front under the covery (where the construction of the 5th fortifications of the fools was planned) a small number of defensive structures - tremendous firepoints (Dzot) in the area of \u200b\u200bLomomli, 201 OPB of the future of the 9th Kovel Stolongyon occupied. Here, the fight of defenders of Soviet fortifications has repeatedly passed into a hand-to-hand fight with the fascists. In the counterattack on the attacking opponent led its soldier ml. Politruk Shamin, who has wounded in this battle. In the village of Seli Kuskin, the warriors of several dzotov 47 OSCE of the same rejection were bravely fought. The commander of the platoon G.E. A long time Barnov led the fight in Jota, despite the threat to be "stupid. When, finally, the opponent of the fire of artillery destroyed the jot, the pancakes with the remnants of the platoon took a position in the field and continued to destroy the enemy ... In the same message, Sovinformbüro, for July 11, the feet of the soldier Ghushchina speak. The young warrior was from the same battalion. The gunner of the Gushchin, "informburo reported," the advancing divisions of the motorcyclists had long restrained the fire of its machine gun gun. After some time, the enemy managed to damage the gun gun. Shooting stopped. Motorcyclists moved into the attack. But Gushchin, taking a hand-held machine gun of the killed fighter, revealed a sudden fire on the enemy. In this battle, many enemy motorcyclists were killed. The attack of the enemy was torn. Hero's death was killed and the gunner of the Gushchin.
politruk
F.V. Danilchenko
A number of other heroes of these fights should be called. Politruk Dovner during the attack entered into a hand-to-hand combat and personally broocopted the bayonet of an enemy officer. Krasnoameman blobbed first with cry for their homeland! Rose into the attack on the Nazis. Its example followed the rest of the fighters. Together with the attacking platforms, the commander of the battalion st. Lieutenant A. Duchot, his deputy Senior Politruk F. Danilchenko, Head of Staff A. Volokhov, Secretary Partburo S. Kovalev. The commander of the Rota is inseminated, injured, after the dressing refused to send to the cure. He came to Studyon's headquarters and demanded that he was sent to battle. He was immediately formed by half, and the podfully led her to the forefront.
Managed to find the lieutenant colonel referred in this document S.A. Kovaleva, find relatives of those killed in those battles F.V. Danilchenko, A.N. Dovener, G.E. Blinov, collect materials about these people.
So it was in the lane of the Kovel Stolongion, which had only a small number of tremendous firepoints. However, these positions with their brave defenders have significantly promoted the stability of the defense of the 45th and 62th rifle divisions on the approaches to the wood. Among other participants in the intense battles in the 47 PCB plot should be called the commander of the training company Art. Lieutenant I.I. Legiaev, ml. Lieutenant F.K. Salikova, commander of the company, after the Major's war retired D. K. Maximluk and a number of other participants in hostilities.
In the area from m. Ustilug to m. Sokal was the positions of the 2nd Vladimir-Volynsky and partially 4th Kamenka-Strumlovsky Strongs. In this section of the border in the strip of the South-Western Front, where the blow of enemy troops was particularly strong, the warriors of the 87th and 124th rifle divisions were most steadfast. It is significant that their support was the position of the fortifications under construction. It was on the dys of the 2nd Vladimir-Volyn Stolongion that the 87th Infantry Division was relied, leading almost difficult to surrounded the difficult battles on the border. Command of the 5th Army Done: Two Shelves of the 87th Rifle Division fighting around in the Ustiluga area along with the parts of the reprimal. With the counterdar of our parts on June 23, 1941, when the 96th Rifle Regiment of this division beat off the enemy of Ustilug, the useful assistance to our attacking chains was the fire of 19 OPB of Vladimir-Volyn Straighon.
The excerpt from the Unter-Officer Diary of the German Army of Hans Yurgen Simon, who participated in the battles under Vladimir-Volynsky. Record for June 22 reads: The purpose of the operation of this day due to strong resistance in the forest in the union, filled with dotami, was not achieved. Huge glow glowing in the sky. ( Explicit exaggeration. At the site that Simon writes, there were 7 hundred. - A.K.) Writing for June 23: Lieutenant Langa orders me to go on NP, located in Russian still acting Dota. One of my comrades at the same time was wounded in the stomach. In Dota, Russians are offered to surrender, with a translator serves one corner. In the form of a response, the efreitor falls, the baton of Dota. Hand-held grenades thrown in dot, no change in the situation, there were no flamethos. Finally, they pour gasoline into dot, then it is thrown by manual grenades.
Search for the names of the heroes of these fights in Doths of Vladimir-Volyn Stregradon and the clarification of the circumstances of the protection of their combat lies led us to a number of discoveries, the results of which, as we are convinced, have all the grounds (as, however, many other facts from the data contained here) The dignity to be reflected in the heroic chronicle of the armed forces of our Motherland.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant S.G. Gudenko
The garrisons of a number of dollars on this site fought from several days to one and a half - two weeks. This is how one of the glorious and tragic stories revealed - the heroic of Defense of Dota Kovel, dedication and the resistance of his garrison led by commander Lieutenant S.G. Gudenko. Only on the third day of the war, shots were stopped from this Dot, fiercely shot from the enemy from all sides. The warriors died with their commander, a beautiful and shoulder-haired kid, who arrived in the Trostyanka a year before the war. He was the hero of the Soviet Union for the feats in the battles in Hassan. A resident of Trostics G.I. Vothechuk said that the remains of six soldiers were found in Dota Gudenko during the burial. One fighter from his garrison was able to flash in the forest to the forest, to hide in the thickets, and then, when he was discovered, he climbed into one of the best and threw a pomegranate in enemy soldiers. Six people of the Nazis were killed. And the last thing that the residents of the village of Trostyanka told, when we stood not far from the destroyed Dota. The enemy commander, by definition of the inhabitants - Major, when they learned the remains of the dead from Dota, took off the hero star with his chest and ordered to bury the Soviet officer with the military pulp, which was produced. I had to hear something similar about the peculiar gentlemency of Nazis at the beginning of the war, but I still believed in it with difficulty. And then I remembered: because it was 1941, there was absolute confidence in the victory. So why not to have his soldiers on this example of heroism?
The heroic fought on this plot of Defenders of Dota Zhytomyr, as well as a group of fighters led by ml. Lieutenant I.P. Kornienko and commander of the company Lieutenant Emets. The latter wondered a few days in unfinished dota.
Selflessly led the battle of his garrison over 2 days Lieutenant A.Z. Livents. According to eyewitnesses, A.Z. Leventsev, wounded, was brutally tortured by the Nazis. He was buried in a fraternal grave in Ustiluga. For three days, the fight continued in the village of Sadokhodoli under Janow. These examples can be continued. So at the turn of Lithuania-Myshigovitsa-Leshny, where the warriors of 146 boosters were fought by the same fortification, according to the memoirs of the participant in the fighting Art. Lieutenant I.D. Etkalo, under the leadership of the commander of the battalion of the captain of the brown, especially distinguished the garrisons of mercy of Kulik, Grozny, Unnamed. Here on their positions held the defense 283rd Rifle Regiment 87 SD. Commander Dota Kulik ml. Lieutenant Kopachev bravely brought warriors in the first counterattack, was injured, but continued to lead the fighting of the garrison of Dot. On the third day, he died from the Russian Academy of Sciences. The commander replaced Sergeant Ivan Golovashov. Five days fought in dota heroes ml. Sergeant Rokman, Krasnoarmeyman Zhuravlev, Mokulevich, Sidorchuk, Kuravyev. Many of them died, the last defenders of Dota stayed to ten days. Together with the garrison of Dota, Kulik bravely fought near him in the positions of the rifle platoon ml. Lieutenant Sanko. The fighters of Dota Grozny fighters were nearby. People died. Korotnoy buried next to dot. Attempts to block dots This group has chopped off fire from connecting trenches. The Nazis sheltered them with smoke shells, beat on the ambrusters a straight entrance, even tried to get closer to our positions in the Soviet military uniform. But all the tricks of the enemy were torn. When the enemy managed to block the dot of Grozny and climb him, the commandant Lieutenant Inomers undermined the remaining guests, destroying the construction. Inzemetsev Lieutenant Borovik, to his death, masterfully managed the fire of paired Dota guns, which did not allow the fascists to use the airfield between the villages of Myshgovitsa and a new superfluous.
One of the days in the village of Sela Morozovichi fought for three weeks, and Dot near the village of Litovyagi resisted the enemy's launch, according to the testimony of local residents, about a month.
In the district of Ustiluga, the 99th easily infantry division of the enemy led battles until the end of June 1941.
The south of the team of women and the supporting points of the defense nodes of the 4th Kamenka-Strumilovsky Stregradon contributed to sustainability in the first days of battle parts of the 124th Rifle Division in the area of \u200b\u200bTartak Sokal-Gorokhov. Here were positions 42 and 35 of the PCB of this fortification. And in the area of \u200b\u200bm. Parhach, with the support of fortifications of 140 OPB on the first day of the war, the 3rd Cavalry Division was made on the first day of the war. At the same time, the enemy was pushed.
On the exploits of warriors 140 OPB Kamenka-Strumlovsky Stromedon, who commanded Captain I.E. Kiparenko, you should also tell. In many DOTA, garrisons fought in an enemy surrounding from 3 to 5 days, most of them died with a heroic death, but did not surrender to the enemy, "War War writes. Sidorenko. - Dot under the command of Art. Lieutenant Mikhail Efimovich Kostyukov, for 9 days, fought at the railway bridge over the Rat River, and only when his defenders ended the ammunition, after an unsuccessful attempt to break away from the environment, Dot defenders died in their fortress from enemy flamethrower and suffocating gases. In the Artillery Dota at Mine No. 4, the Velikomostskaya garrison headed by Dmitry Yakovlevich Rogachenko, when the fascists in one of Ambrazur damaged the gun and drove the tank to it, so that the exhaust gases to poison the soldiers of the garrison, the defenders of Dota blown themselves with surviving projectiles and this explosion was destroyed The enemy tank and a lot of soldiers surrounded by dot, waiting that our warriors will come out of him with his hands raised.
In the area of \u200b\u200bBenghi-Korchin, where there were 35 OPB positions, the enemy managed to press our field units, but some dots in the supporting points of Streetonon were still long, and being surrounded, continued to fight. In one of the first leaflets about the mass heroism of soldiers issued by the political management of the South-Western Front, there was a heroism of a group of 20 soldiers of the 35th OPB and 40 construction workers of the 81st OVS, fought under the command of ml. Lieutenant P.P. DJhouse. It said that for several hours, intensively conducting battle, Soviet warriors kept in their hands. Korchin, until the field troops approached. Against Soviet fortifications in a plot of 42 OPB, failed to take them on June 22, the Nazis threw on June 23-24, the 51st assault sapper battalion with the support of motorcycles reinforced 179 and 199 infantry regiments of the 57th Infantry Division.
Only after a few days of battles on this site of the enemies were able to capture the ruins of women blown together with their garrisons. In the reference point of the 1st company 42 opb y with. Tartakov was four dota: one with two 45-mm guns and a machine gun gun, two had one 45 mm cannon and two machine guns, and one guns did not have, and had two machine guns. But dots have not yet been disguised, the shelling sectors from their Ambrazur were not cleared. And nevertheless, every of these fortifications was a fierce fight. Especially a lot of trouble delivered a dot enemy with two cannons and a machine gun, its number 1352, located directly near Tartakov. With his fire, he blocked the road from m. Sokal northeast. Opening the fire suddenly for the enemy, he backed the enemy a big loss. ABOUT Boy for this fortification, the Nazis wrote: To destroy the construction of the north of Tartakov, the 1st company of the 51st assault battalion was introduced. Before this long-term fortification, the division of the reinforced rifle regiment, artilleryrs and anti-aircraft workers, who have already suffered large losses here, failed to suppress the facilities. Only during the fierce battle on June 23, 1941, when specially highlighted Mortira and Gaubitiz batteries, and assault platforms, using inadequate spaces, were made close to Deta, blocked and undermined it, stopped resisting this brave little garrison. All Dothe defenders died.
It should be noted the exceptionally high moral and morale of warriors-defenders of the fools. We saw this from the just given example, when people fought to the end, despising death. Communists and non-partisan, "says one of the documents," there was not the slightest oscillation in battle, even before his death. When one of the battalion of the Hitlermen's battalion was blocked and they were preparing to blow it up, the fighters of the neighboring Dota fighters came to the revenue. They were led to the attack of Politruk P. Fedenko. The battles on this site were long and wore an extremely fierce character. The enemy in his reporting documents was scrupulously described all the techniques of combating precipitated garrisons of Soviet dollars, ranging from the shelling with severe fugasic shells, fire for direct vendor along the embrasures and ending with attempts to block dots, to undermine them with large batchs of explosives, strangle their garrisons with smoke and gas. Flamers, smoke and gas checkers were used in the siege of the folds almost everywhere. About the battles for dots on this site. Command of the enemy group of armies of the south on June 25, 1941: they resumed battles for dots in the Sokal region. Russians fighting to the last, about twenty dollars resumed the fight. It was. Ten hundred 35 OKB in the area with. KORCHIN and fifteen dollars 42 OKB under Sokalu resumed battle. Warriors decided to beat to the end. Leading a fierce fire on the approaching enemy, they themselves torn in the smoke, litter from the powder gases, died under the wreckage of the fortifications undermined by the enemy. In the team dota Taras one of the support points of 42 OPB, the Eastern Sokal of the Boat was led by the battalion commander Captain V.N. Pavlov. For several days, heroes selflessly fought in him and died from undermines under the ruins of their Dot. Commander 35 OKB Captain S.S. Mishcarud also directly led the battle. In the village of Tadani's village, he was interested in the successful counterattack of the soldiers of his battalion and sapper fighters, as a result of which many Nazis were exterminated, trophies were captured.
Some of the participants in the battles in the area managed to break through from the blocked by the enemy of women, to reach their front line. So, of the 35 OKB, the remains of the garrisons of two dollars in the amount of 22 people came out. In the battle on the site of this battalion on June 22-25, the deputy was specially distinguished. Commander Battalion Senior Politruk MA Zyuzin. Being in Dothah and moving from one facility to another, he raised the spirit of warriors, encouraged fighters and commanders. Personally brought out the seven remaining fighters from the environment - the last defenders of one of the bots. Head of the headquarters of this battalion Captain P.A. Wander for five days a fight in Dota y with. KORCHIN. When the machine guns and guns were pulled from the machine guns and the guns, he replaced one, then another gunner, destroying a significantly number of Nizhns and dismissing several enemy guns. Captain P.A. The focus brought ten warriors from the environment from the composition of the garrison of his dota.
The actions of our parts in the area until June 27, the 262nd Infantry Division of the enemy was complained and until July 1-2 were part of the 79th and 113rd infantry divisions of the enemy.
The military defensive structures 140 and 44 of the OPB of the 4th Kamenka-Strumlovsky Stregradon covered the direction to Lviv from the North-East through Parhach (now Shevchenko) and large bridges. The support paragraph 140 of the OPB in the Parhac region had 6 dollars and under the lamb - 5 hundred. Three support clauses 44 OPB had 14 dollars. They were in the village of Semenny village, big bridges, turpentine and a bottle. As you can see, and in these units of finished dolots were very few.
The combat actions of the 3rd cavdivia in the Parhal region, 1,10 separate machine gun battalion were especially helped.
In the conveying of the South-Western Front, an example of the heroic actions of one of the mouth of 140 OPB is given: the commander of the machine-gun company of the 140th OPB, being surrounded by more than 8 hours continuously leads the fight with the enemy, chopping blocking groups, again and again restoring the relationship between dot. His deputy ml. Politruk Kolesnikov.
The newspaper of the South-Western Front Red Army is in the room from 06/29/1941. He called the name of the commander of this company, led some of the battle details: the N-sky machine-gun battalion was located on the advanced line of the Western border. The fascists tried to surround the entire battalion, but they were revealed. Then the enemy began to surround in parts. Rota ml. Lieutenant Petrovsky, being on the left flank, occupied 4 Dota. But the fire brought to the highest voltage, Petrovsky eliminated the intentions of the enemy. Note that by 16.00 on June 22, the connection with Dotami 2 companies ml. Lieutenant N.G. Petrovsky was restored. About the same combat episode reported in a summary of the Sovinform-Bureau for 06.25.1941 / 60 / one of the bats 140 of the OPB of the 4th Kamenka-Strumlovsky Stregradon commanded ml. Lieutenant D.E. Kulish. THEM. Bagramyan in his book gives an example of the heroic struggle of his small garrison: in the first hours of War, the dot was surrounded by the enemy and underwent a methodological siege. The fascists in the emphasis shot it from powerful guns, watered with flaming jets from flamethos. The fighters torn in a poisonous smoke, but they were fighting with unrelenting courage. Desperate to force the Soviet fighters to lay down the weapons, the fascists traded an explosive to Deta. Then the handful of heroes made a sudden bitter and in a fierce hand-to-hand fight destroyed enemy sappers. The fight broke out with a new force.
An indicative example of joint actions of the compound of the cover of the state border, the parts of the reproduction and the border troops are the defense of Rava-Russian Studyonon. The 41st Infantry Division, which makes up its field filling, was located in the camp under Rava-Russian. Ahead of 4-8 km from the camp in Stront boundaries was the position of Stregradon, it was located in the newly constructed Dotham 21st, 36th and 141st individual machine-gun battalions. They covered Rava-Russian and the highway, walking through this city on Lviv from the northeast, the North and the North-West. As of June 7, 1941, a combat readiness of 91 dot was in combat readiness of 91, the garrisons of which were 639 people. Dys had 8,76-mm guns, 52 45-mm guns, 181 machinery machine guns and more than 100 manual machine guns. Inside and between the defense nodes of battalions and support points of the mouth, field forts were built: trenches, trenches, szots and bludges. Their battle should have taken part of the 41st Rifle Division. With the beginning of the war, the part and the division of the 41st Rifle Division were able to take their defensive line and fully meet the enemy, on their fighting markers were the border guards of the 91st frontier, defenders of the fools of Straighfon. All this predetermined the success of defense. Suffice it to say that the 41st Rifle division along with parts of the reprimand and the border detachment for five days successfully restrained the onslaught of five divisions of the German fascist troops. The actions of the soldiers of this division, which was commanded by Major General N.G. Mikushev, and border guards fighters of the 91st frontier under the direction of Major Ya.D. Small are covered in a number of works, including in the articles published in the military-historical journal.
It is less well aware of the stability and heroism of the defenders of a row of fill racks. His commandant Colonel F.S. Sysoev, headquarters officers and political waste did everything possible to meet the enemy. The first attacks of the enemy in the position of Soviet troops ended with a shameful failure. On June 23rd, in the consecration of the South-Western Front, it was said: all the supporting points of the 6th fortifications are intensive fire. In this section, the enemy has departed. The command of the Stregrayon was particularly strengthened by the garrisons of hundred dollars 1 and 2 machine-guns 36 of the OPB, as well as 25 spermnocal companies, covering the highway on Rava-Russian from the side of the Krulevis in the village of Sellius, and Tenatiati. It was the commander of one of the best ones who fought on the specified turn, belonged to the report, the words from which were put into the epigraph of this article. It was especially distinguished by the garrisons of women Komsomolets, a bear, forget-me-not, covered in cooperation with the 244th Rifle regiments of the 41th SD Highway on Rava-Russian. A consistent fire on this site was destroyed 10 enemy tanks and a lot of soldiers.
For five days, the Dot garrison was fought, which was led by ml. Lieutenant Movchan. By the end of June, Dot defenders who were commanded by Art. Lieutenant I.T. Martin. The enemies surrounded dot, offered his defenders to surrender, but the soldiers decided to fight to the end. There were many such examples. We give the certificate of the commander of one of the regiments of the German army: with endurance and amazing heroism of Soviet soldiers, I ran into the June 1941 days. We, moving forward between Rava-Russian and Lviv, stumbled upon a chain of concrete, equipped with guns of small fortifications that resisted stubbornly. When Soviet soldiers did not have any opportunity to keep the fortified point, they undermined it and died in it. This voluntary death of a whole department has demonstrated the moral power of our opponent.
On the site of serbly-submashism, the 139th SP 41, SD, was defended by the 139th SP 41, with the support of the artillery of field troops in the positions of the 141st OPB. In a difficult moment of battle, when infantry chains were fastened, dysted by the enemy's promotion. Dot ml. Lieutenant S.A. Sanzarevsky and G.L. Chalant for several hours in a row was exposed to an exclusively fierce bombardment of aviation and artillery. Fascists, confident that dot was destroyed, moved towards him. Publishing perhaps closer German infantry, Dot's garison opened a hurricane fire again. Hundreds of killed and wounded left the enemy on the battlefield. Not only the fascist soldiers, but also motorcycles, machine guns, guns, took place into the air. / 66 / But the situation is complicated. At one of the sections of the 141th OPB on a slide of small north m. Gorica opponent blocked dot. Artilleryrs come to revenue. Commander of the 1st Division of the 209th Up Art. Lieutenant V.V. Ershov under the strong machine-gun and artillery fire of the enemy passed into the blocked dot and drove the fire from the division from Dot. Fire artillery The blocking group and an artillery battery of the enemy north of m. Brusno were destroyed, the accumulation of the enemy tanks was dispersed and the attack of Stolongonon.
The study of the TASS report on July 9 made it possible to establish that the garrison of Dota, covered the important direction towards the advance of the enemy, apparently died. His ml commanders. Lieutenants S.A. Sanzarevsky and G.L. The Shalar in the main managing personnel is listed as missing. I managed to find photos of warriors, biographical information about them. Sergey Afanasyevich Sanzarevsky ( in accordance with the Sovinformbüro, he passes as Anzharevsky. Obviously, a distortion by phone - A.K.) - Ukrainian, a native village of Spassko-Mikhaylovka Kramatorsky district of the Donetsk region. Grigory Lukich Shalar - Moldavian, originally from the village of Groashkovsky district of the Odessa region. His wife Shalar Julia Ivanovna lived in front of the war in Chernigov. Sanzarevsky's wife S.A. Kozhuard Natalia Pavlovna and her daughter lived in the Dubossar district of Moldova. Unfortunately, the family failed.
Here are several examples of the heroic actions of the garrisons of Soviet dollars in battles on the approaches to Rave-Russian, but it was also in dozens of other places.
In combat actions, the dys of the 8th Menchloride Stolongion, its 52nd and 150th individual machine-gun battalions of the 6th, 12th and 21st individual machine-gun mouth took the active participation. On 8.06.1941, 52 OPBs in the Medica-Sedlisk area had 20 dollars, 150 OPB in the Mozlyl-Melnow area had 22 Dota, 6th ODA in Olchovenitsa - 6 hundred dollars, 12 ODA in Zalver - 7 more bolsters and 21 ODA in the Flage region She held 6 hundred.
As in other reinforcements, of course, it is impossible to collect complete information about the heroism and the durability of the garrison of each dot, because They fought surrounded in the detachment from our troops. But also on the positions of the reproductive strengthenon, Soviet soldiers, as evidenced by the documents, showed selfless heroism.
The object of fierce fighting on the border line was the city of Menchl. Until the end of June, the fighting on San, and the troops of the Red Army moved from his turn only by order. The feat of the fighters and commanders of the 99th rifle division of Colonel N.N. Dementieva, which for differences in the battles under Mamolem was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Known combat cases of border guards 92 of the border record, incl. and a consolidated battalion under the command of Senior Lieutenant of Polyvoda. But less known the role in these battles of fortifications of the 8th Peremyshl Folminon, whose commandant before the war was Colonel D.M. Massee.
The defenders of his dollars made their contribution to the cover of the border, and their feathipment, including, we are obliged to be stopped under Mamolem and until June 27, the lungs of the enemy were stopped in fierce battles.
There are dozens of testimonials about the courage and perseverance of protector of the fools of this fortification. Here is some of them.
Rota commander 150 OPB Art. Lieutenant I.E. The bucket is presented to awarding the Order of the Red Star. The supporting point in Seletsky houses, led by Art. Lieutenant I.E. The bucket, "says in the presentation to the award, - for 6 days he was heroically held back the enemy with his fire. The enemy has repeatedly blocked the dots, offering to surrender. The enemy's artillery subjected the supporting points with a squall fire, but every time the fascists received a crushing back.
The platoon commander 52 Dmitriev is presented to awarding the Order of the Red Banner: Being the head of the garrison of Dot, - it says in the presentation, - for 6 days a powerful fire of his Dot reflected all opponent's attacks. Despite the repeated locks of Dot, the opponent and the sentence to surrender, the garrison, led by a friend Dmitriev heroically resisted and destroyed the lively opponent's strength. It was organized by order of a garrison from Dota and joined the 99th rifle division, continuing to strike a blow to the enemy all the time.
In the message of the South-Western Front dated June 27, 1941, it was told about the feat of another garrison of Dota of the 8th Peremyshl Folminon: Junior Lieutenant Danin, being in Dota with his garrison, repeatedly reflected on the Natisk, many times superior to the enemy forces. His structure was surrounded. When ammunition ended, ml. Lieutenant Danin and ML. Sergeant Merkulov opened dot and rushed into a hand-to-hand attack on the enemy. Taking advantage of his confusion, Danin and Merkulov came out of the environment and began to move to the main line of defense. Merkulov was killed at the same time, and ML Lieutenant Danin safely reached the next structure and until now continues to fight in its garrison.
On the nature of the struggle, literally for every fortification, which courageously defended Soviet soldiers, testifies to the excerpt from one of the enemy documents: in Foxno (remember that there were 6 hundred repetitions of the 8th reproduction) 28.06.41, Russian structures were blown up, the lower floors of which still kept, while the top was already busy with the coming.
Commandant of the structure of the 8th fortification in Mc Mulle. Lieutenant Chaplin
Admires the story about the feat of Dot garrisons when the city is protected. We present an excerpt from the consecration of the South-Western Front: the commandant of the construction of the 8th fortification in McMyshl ml. Lieutenant Chaplin, being in the construction, a tangible blow to the forces of the enemy inflicted with a tangible fire of 76-mm gun. Tov. Chaplin straight tipped blew a large petroleum, and then destroyed the moving composition of the commercial train. The enemy tried several times through the railway bridge across the San River, but Chaplin restrained his Natisk for a long time. Construction Tov. Chaplin was subjected to an intense art footwork, about 500 shells broke out on Dota, but the firepoint turned out to be unharmed. With the occupation of the 99th Rifle Division of Tov. Chaplin replenished the construction of ammunition and continued to destroy the enemy before receiving an order about the departure to new positions.
This article represents only a brief overview, in which separate support points and defense units are named on the Western border from the Baltic to the Carpathians, on the positions of which the fierce struggle with the enemy was launched literally from the first hour of the war. There were other defense nodes, the fate of the defenders of which information was not preserved. In the strip of these fortifications, their defenders - fighters and commanders of machine-gun and artillery-machine-gun battalions, as well as the soldiers of the rifles of the rifle parts, and sometimes one and a half or two weeks, the significant forces of the enemy fastened.
Analysis of reporting cards OKM allows you to conclude that on the state border of the USSR mainly through the line of fortified areas, in the Baltic band, 25 days of the enemy, including 100 and 101 and 101 and 101 of the LDP until 06/22/1941 under motley; 262, 24, 295, 71 and 296 PD until 27.6.1941. under Rava-Russian; 57 PD until 25.6.1941, 262 PD until 27.6.1941. and 79 and 113 PD to 1-2.7.1941. under the juice; 99 LPD to 30.6.1941. under Ustilug; 4 TD, 1 PD and 255 PD to 27.6.1941. and 267 PD to 1.7.1941. under Malorita; 45 PD to the first numbers of July in the Brest Fortress; 167 PD to 24.6.1941 under Orel; 252 PD until 26.6.1941. and 293 PD until 30.6.1941. Under drochician-seeds, 7 PD until 24.6.1941. Under Shulbazh and Chizhov, 87 PD until 27.6.1941. Under Osovo, 28 PD until 25.6.1941g. Under Splazkino, 267 PD to 1.7.1941. Under Liepaja. Warriors of Studyononov and the Rowed Parts, border guards, contributed to the fight against the enemy at the border turns.
Where the fortifications were in a state of greater readiness and positions, they managed to take the troops of the border cover, they, - as the former head of the headquarters 41 SD Major General N.V. Eremin, - justified his appointment. At the beginning of the article, a review was reviewed by the commander of the 293rd German Infantry Division.
Delayed with access to the front of 25 of the enemy divisions of the first attacking echelon of the Wehrmacht as a result of selfless defense on the border of warriors of a number of rifle compounds and border guards, based on stunning heroism and the resistance of warriors-defenders of fooling foloders - the contribution of the heroes of the first fights on the border line in the case of our great victory in That huge and hardest war.
a source
from book
A.A. Large - In the first fights, Collection of articles and essays about the initial period of the Great Patriotic War - Krasnogorsk, 1998
"Russian soldiers had outstanding resistance, fighting until the last opportunity"
The fortified areas at the new border, of course, became a vertex in the development of Soviet fortification of the 30s and even 1941-1945. In the course of the Great Patriotic War, there were no time nor materials already on the construction of such grand structures. The concrete caps of the Mozhaisk line of defense looked like a pale shadow of pre-war.
Strong-bounding facilities at the new border were built according to typical projects, which presented to the further development of the distilles of 1938. An important innovation of the design of caoniers and half-breeders has become a machine-gun point, sterling space in front of the main cannon and machine-gun installations. Another innovation was the enhanced defense of the entrance to the dot with an additional machine-gun installation in the protruding wing of the back of the output (found not on all structures). Thus, the defense against the attack of the assault group on the construction from the rear was ensured.
Dysted on the new border were equipped with installations with a ball booking of the embrasure of three types:
Artillery installation with a 76.2-mm income gun L-17;
-Audine-machine guns DOT-4 with a 45-mm anti-tank gun and a 7.62-mm machine gun ds-39;
-pole installations of NPS-3 with 7.62 mm Maxim machine gun.
The ball structures have resistant to the effects of flamethos and gave better protection against bullets and fragments. Practice later confirmed it. NPS-3 and DOT-4 were mounted in dotes of frontal fire and semi-charters, and 76.2-mm L-17 - in artillery semi-samplers (AIC). To protect the approach to the construction from the rear, simplified (in comparison with the installations under the machine machine gun) PZ-39 under 7.62-mm DT machine gun (Degtyarev Tank) was developed.
German officers in ball guns
installations of Soviet Dota. On the walls
speed \u200b\u200btraces of combat. Photo from the author's archive
It is common that the Soviet ure in the directions of the main strikes of the Germans were the least combat. It's a delusion. We weakened by the beginning of the war were strengthening on the border of the Lithuanian SSR with Germany. Their construction began in fact since the spring of 1941 - before that they had time to carry out the reconnaissance of the fortifications. Soviet military leadership was aware of the retardation with the start of construction, and in 1941 it was decided to catch up. Accordingly, 1 billion of 181.4 million rubles were allocated to the fortification building for Pribesovo, 458.9 million were intended. However, by the fact, by June 1941, they mastered 126.8 million rubles. As a result, the combat faults in the Baltic States in the morning was not on June 22, although they managed to concrete several dozen structures. The path of two tank groups was blocked only naked boxes.
In much better position turned out to be Stoligini Rack and Coo. Brestsky Ur (Blur) in Belarus, who was standing on the way 2nd TG, had 49 combat equipment, Vladimir-Volyn Ur in the direction of the main strike of the 1st TGR - 97 structures, Strumilovsky UR - 84. Rava-Russian UR from 84 DOS, Strictly speaking, also blocking one of the planned paths of the 1st TG.
The peculiarity of the fots of the Kiev Special Military District was their equipment with armor-roll, widely used in those years in France, Finland and Germany. The Soviet Fortification School of Bronchonolpaka did not complain. Assistance to builders Level in Coo came from an unexpected side: their source became the Polish Sarnen Stregeon and its warehouses. Brononolpaki improved observation of the structure, primarily towards the front, that is, the upcoming opponent.
Antidotes and counterattacks
It would be a big mistake to believe that the Wehrmacht did not have means to fight long-term structures. First, he had a heavy and superheavy artillery - from the Czech 305-mm Gaubitz times the first world to the newest German samples, including 600-mm Carl guns. The latter were late to the storm of the Maginos line, but were ready to strike at Soviet Dotam. According to the plan of the onset of the 45th PD on June 22, these tools were appointed not to fire on the Brest Fortress, but on freshly built Dotam Blura next to her. Secondly, the German know-how had assault infantry groups capable of seamless to dotam with flamethroughs and charges of explosives. Finally, the experience of the campaign in the West showed high efficiency in the fight against long-term fortification ... 88-mm anti-aircraft gun. During the assault of the Fort "Fermon" (more precisely, "Orezh", the DU complex) at Longiyon on June 17, 1940, which supported the 183rd PD of two 88-mm anti-aircraft sites from a distance of six kilometers released 160 shells in four hours and struck the hole with a diameter of about a meter mainly constructions. The survey of fortifications after the fall of France showed that armoredolpackers with a thickness of armor about 300 millimeters from the massive shelling of 88-mm cannons still splitted that in the end led to the loss of combat capability of the entire structure.
Dot under Rava-Russian, destroyed
presumably 600-mm projectile
"Karla". Photo from the author's archive
How did the strengthen lines show themselves at the new border? Oddly enough, unfinished ure in the Baltic States were still able to fight. So, the 504th regiment of the 291th PD failed in front of Dotami at Creatingin and moved worse than others. One combat group of the 8th TD of Manstein stuck in front of unfinished dotami. In turn, the 109th regiment, attached to the 12th TD, stormed two not yet fully finished Dota, of which the Northern stubbornly defended. Most likely, builders represented here in the person of the Soviet 148th sapper battalion. In the journal of hostilities, the 3rd TGR following on June 22, a stubborn defense of individual concrete dollars was noted.
In Belarus, the 256th PD XX AK collided with a persistently defended Doths of the Grodno Hur. In the Division ZHB, it was noted: "In the area of \u200b\u200bKrasnoy, the regiment turns out to be drawn into serious battles for dots, and in the area of \u200b\u200bLipsk faces powerful resistance." Nearby, in August, the resistance of the dollars partially disrupted the bypass maneuver of the 162nd PD - the breakthrough took place on another site only in the evening on June 22. The commander of the 28th PD VIII Corps in the reporting of battles in the Sopozzkin area wrote: "On the plot of fortifications from Sopozzino and north ... We are primarily about the enemy who firmly decided to keep at any cost and fulfilled it."
The most serious battle was given by the Germans in Ukraine. Chronologically the first to battle joined the Strumilovsky Ur. From the elevations on the West Bank of the Bug across the border, he was not viewed and became an unpleasant surprise. In the report of the storming dota, the Sokal of the German Supper battalion says: "Thanks to the location of the fortifications, which was unexpectedly extremely skilled, there was a possibility of effective mutual fighter support for the fools, which could significantly impede attack. The shelling of Dota and Ambrazur assault tools was practically ineffective due to the good quality of concrete and the low location of Ambrazur with powerful spherical masks. " A typical description of the attack looked like this: "Despite the gun shelling, several soldiers with flamethrolets and explosives managed to get to the ambrusura. However, due to the high quality of Russian materials, the explosions were unsuccessful. " The actions of the garrisons of structures also received a high assessment of the enemy: "Russian soldiers had outstanding resistance, giving up only if they were injured, and fighting until the last opportunity."
Floor defense
The most unpleasant surprise for the GA "South" was the persistent defense of the supporting points of Vladimir-Volynsky Hurray (Hebrew). Construction of fortifications here, despite the motto, the words of the famous song "Alone else's land we don't want to do not give, but also will not give our shred," we were taking into account military expediency. The protrusion of the border in the direction of Poland occupied by Germany, formed by the bending of the Bug's bed in the Ludina area, was not equipped for long defense. The positions of the support points of the Vura were found at the base.
Dot Rava-Russian Hurray with an exploded explosion
brononolpaca. Photo from the author's archive
Forcing the Bug of the 44th PD, delvingounced the Soviet territory, faced the "Yanov" defense node of Vladimir-Volynsky, about 9.00. By evening, the situation did not change radically. ZHBD 1st TGR fixes that "The 44th PD is still fighting for dots on both sides of Yanov." To break through the Germans managed only in the morning of June 23. This led to a delay in entering the 14th TD 1st TG into battle and even adjusting the outfit forces of the Germans in this direction, unplanned input of the 13th TD in the composition III AK. Field studies of the current state of Dos show traces of a stubborn struggle, its shelling, including 88-mm anti-aircraft.
In the Appendix to the 6th Army ZBD in the description of the experience of the fight against Soviet fortifications, it was indicated: "Dots already considered destroyed, after some time suddenly came to life in our rear. The reason in their three-story design. Not knowing about her, our troops thought after capturing the upper floor, which destroyed dot. In reality, garrisons in a timely manner retreated to the lower floors and there were expected to care for attacking. " Three floors are still an exaggeration, but two floors were typical of the bonds on the new border of the construction of 1940-1941. This extended the resistance of Sokalsky and Vladimir-Volynsky level for several days.
The most stubborn resistance to the invasion was the riva-Russian river. In the offensive band of the German 262nd PD, the land defense unit intercepted the part of the open area between the highway to Rava-Russian and a wooded-swampy area to the west of him. Here, the Germans were first stopped, and then led by Kontrudar 41th SD General Mikushev. The 24th PD of Wehrmacht lay down in front of Kully's anywhere, she could not be seized by fortified altitudes from Dash. It was here that there was an unfinished dot "Komsomolets", which became a legend of Lekra. The battles lasted for several days. The German plans to introduce into the offensive on the highway on the Rava-Russian motorized building already in the first-second day of the war was not destined to come true.
Right neighbor 24th PD - 295th PD supported 600-mm Mortira "Karl". They were involved for the destruction of dolots in the Great Dzial area. However, on June 22, no success was achieved. The 295th PD attended the storming of the support point of Larra, but did not complete it. The report that Great Dzyl is taken by the 517th regiment, dates from June 23. On the same day, IV Corps reported that Karla is no longer needed and due to technical problems failed. According to famous data on the shooting on the Brest Fortress, it can be assumed that in the trunks of the "miracle-guns" stuck shells. Details of the actions of "Charles" under Rava-Russkaya are unknown, but there are dots on photographs from the reprimion with very serious damage. It can be explosions like large explosives charges and 600-mm shells.
Against Soviet women acted several factors. First, very much depended on the distance of the position of the border. If the garrisons raised on the alarm have time to take structures - they gave battle. The closer to the border could be captured without a fight. Secondly, the Achilles fifth of the blots were periscopes of observation. Their heads were undermined by the assault groups, fuel and explosives charges were fuel or descended. The absence of overwhelms of unfinished structures allowed the Germans to use flamets through the pipes of telephone inputs. Finally, the level garrisons are most often fought alone, without field filling, which simplified the task of assault groups and bypass maneuvers of the German infantry.
In general, it should be recognized that the potential of fortifications at the new border was not fully utilized. However, they became a tangible obstacle and inflicted the first serious losses to the enemy.
Dot Kamenets-Podolsky Ur in the town of Zhvanets. August 1941.
Kamenets-Podolsky 10th fortified area (KPD) was built in 1938-40, during the construction of the line of border strengthening.
It was one of the fortified districts of the 1938 Program, the second generation of Soviet levels. Streviations of this program were to significantly strengthen the line of fortifications built in 1928-34. Fortification facilities in new urants differ significantly from previously built - they became larger, more powerful, more armed.
Northern Pas Kpury ran along the Zbroch River (Polish Border), South FAS - along the Dniester River (Romanian Border).
In September 1939, the Western Border of the USSR was transferred and unfinished fortifications "Program 38 years" were conserved in the form in which the works were stopped in the fall of 1939.
In the winter of 1939-1940, there was an intensive personnel of personnel, mechanisms and materials for the construction of a new border of the UR through Lyuboml - Vladimir-Volynsky - Rava-Russkaya - Men.
KPur continued to hold and arm, since the border with Romania still remained along the Dnestra (until the summer of 1940). However, all the same KPR was built only by half, since about 300 fortification structures should have been erected according to the project.
And from the built 158 \u200b\u200bnot all were armed and equipped.
After at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War on July 5, 1941, the enemy took the enemy, and on July 7, Berdichev, thus threatening the reasons of the South Front (SF), the head of the main commandure No. 00226 ordered the Commander of the UF:
"From Kamenets-Podolsky, a hurray to remove armament and equipment and garrisons to increase the defense of the corridor between the Letichevsky and Mogilev-Yampol urami in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kopai City, Olkovets."
The result was the directive of the headquarters of the southern front and the addition to it, according to which the garrison of the kpury, together with the 189th rifle division, had to cover the departure of the main forces of the 18th Army and renounce the last place. Before leaving rejection, the garrison was ordered to deract all that it was impossible to take away.
The documents below are the consequences of the remaining of the Kamenets-Podolsky fortified area (the list and the number of exported and destroyed property) and estimated judgments about the reasons for leaving the fortified district.
Stop note on the name of the head of the GSH Zhukov (from 07.23.41)
The document was signed by the head of the headquarters of the South Front Romanov and the military commar to the headquarters of the South Front Maslov
"Head of the General Staff Zhukov
To № 0039 I repeat:
The first - [in] Operations of the headquarters of Front No. 037 / OP and the rear summary number 013 indicates the same figures of exported and destroyed ammunition when leaving Kamenets-Podolsky Ur, namely:
exported:
Machine guns - 200 pcs.
Manual machine guns - 180
Machine guns DS [Machine Machine Machine Machine] - 70
Rifle cartridge - 1500 T.Sc.
destroyed:
guns 76 mm - 21
tools 45 mm - 59
According to the summary of the operotel No. 037 / OP, shells are about one million pieces and a rifle cartridge eleven million
[V] Summary of the rear number 015 It is indicated that the data of the number of destroyed shells and the cartridge cause doubt and specify. These data are based on a special report of the representative of the engineering department of the edge of Colonel Kharchevik, who was the moment of the destruction of ammunition, weapons and firepoints [in] Location of Kamenets-Podolsky Ur.
The second - considering the crime the destruction of combat property, when the UR was left without any impact of the enemy, the military council produces a thorough investigation to attract the guilty [k] responsibility /
The results of the investigation will be reported to you additionally.
Head of the Staff of the South Front General Major Romanov
Military Commissar Headquarters Brigadd Commissioner Maslov
True: remember the calm Major Zyabkin
23. 07.41. № 38053"
Stop note of the representative of the engineering department of the edge of Colonel Kharchevik
Secret. Ex. № 2.
Head 1 Department of Yuzhfront Staff
With the prescription ... Front and order ... No. 13 arrived at Kamenets-Podolsky UR at 9.30 m. 8.7. [July 8] Commandant Ur Colonel Safronov already ... On disarmament of the UR and they 7-7, the corresponding instructions were given to the commanders of machine-gun battalions.
The commandant Ur Colonel Safronov gave a written order and through special messenger middle commanders at 11-30 ... sent by battalions.
The order of the UR was envisaged to remove all weapons from the dot (Machine and manual machine guns and machine guns of DS, take on each machine gun 3000 and on a manual machine gun 2000 ammunition, for each gun 100 shots. Each fighter must take 200 cartridges. Everything that it was impossible Eveded, subject to destruction.
Before my arrival from Starma 18 [from the headquarters of the 18th Army], representatives of the Artillery and Engineering Departments of the Army came, who found that to shoot artillery guns having a ball installation, will be required by an experimental brigade at least 8 hours.
The Commandant Ur found out that the UR does not have the necessary vehicles in order to raise all the ammunition.
Head of the 18 Army headquarters in transport refused, because The army of free transport did not have.
In 17 SK transport was not.
Ur had 12 cars and wagons. In addition, all the vaults had been mobilized in the areas, but they were not enough.
I was given an indication of the / inspector t. Shelepina check all the running machines along the highway, detain and direct ... ... to delay only one car.
A total was exported from the UR:
machine guns of machine guns - 200
manual machine guns - 180
machine guns DS - 70
cartridge screws. 7.6 m / m - about 1500 thousand pieces
the guns 76 m / m on wheels - 22 pcs. Of these, 16 were exported earlier in places. Dunaevtsy.
More refined information will provide ur, because For example, the commander of 2 companies 149 Pulbata instead of the 80 thousand cartridge laid 80 thousand.
Left: 76 m / m guns - 21
45 m / m guns - 59
Shells - about 1.000.000 pieces
Wintpatron - about 11.000.000 pieces
Aimicious and observational devices, by the number of fires left.
All the left destroyed by undermining the explosives [explosives]. In the [firepoint examined by me, I did not find anything. The power of the explosion of the wall in the shelling sector broke down at an altitude of embrasures to the coating. The ceiling overlap of the 1st floor was destroyed at the scene of the charge.
Dot can be restored.
The waste of UR troops occurred outside the action of the enemy. Only on the southern plot, the profitist produced a short chimney. Smoke acted on the eyes and led the rare artillery shooting. Active actions enemy at the CP did not produce at all.
23.06.2016 14:18
June 1941. On "Molotov Lines"
The defenders of the Brest Street's reels died, but did not pass their positions
Three Forts of the Brest Fortress and a kind dozen of the Molotov Line of Brest Strongs are located on the left bank of the Western Bug, that is, for the current Cordon - in Poland. These are the most unexplored objects of the Burea - Brest Strong, which stretched 180 kilometers along the western border of the USSR. They are covered with the most tight veil of the unknown.
... There are no tourists here, and the foot of the compatriot does not steal along the concrete steps of forgotten forts and bobs. The fact that fierce battles took place here, battles not for life, and on the right death - only huge - in the sweep of hands - holes in the walls, of which swirling thick steel rods stick out.
As it comes in a song about the cruiser "Varyag", neither the stone, nor the cross, where they went ...
Probably, it was the shortest international flight in my life: the electric train Brest Terespol crosses the bridge over the Bug and now after five minutes, the Terespolsky railway station. But each of these minutes causes the heart to shrink anxiously - after all, you are not just moving across the border, "through the origin of the war. Here he is that Rubikon, who seventy five years ago, the Wehrmacht moved. Won on the left, while on our shore, the old border dot, which covered this bridge in forty-first. The train slowly enters the restricted area where the entrance is prohibited, and the path to the West is blocking a plowed control-mark strip, barking with barbed wire. Won sticks out of the water stump of pillars a long time ago burned crossing.
It seems a little more and you will see a German soldier in a deep helm, which is still trampled at the border post of the Governor-General of the Third Reich.
And it doesn't matter that this Polish Zholivari escapes your car with a bored look. It is important that he is in foreign uniform, it is important that on the border Polish airfields, from which in June forty-first German bombers, now again - combat aircraft of a hostile military unit.
Terespol
One-storey almost town, where the streets are named, as in the song Yuri Antonova: Akacia, maple, meadow, topolate, chestnut. But without politics, it was not necessary - the main street was named after the Army Craiova, Street Cardinal Vyshinsky ... In the center of the city - the old caasemate, the former powder storage for the garrison of the Brest Fortress. It was here that on the day of the beginning of the war there was a headquarters of the 45th Infantry Division, it was from here that orders were given to the regiments - "Fire!". Now in the cool dusk of the caasemate storing strawberry and champignon yields.
To tune in to the wave of that time, you must first catch, feel His nerve, it is necessary to come to the equilibrium state of the Spirit: let it be, as it will be, it is necessary to interfere with nothing to interfere, do not want anything, it's not wanting anything to make anything.
Therefore, I sit in the first taxi, and I ask you to take the nearest hotel. The taxi driver is lucky at his discretion towards the border. Wonderful place - two-storey green cottage with a signboard for some reason in German "GR
ὓ n ". It costs 900 metthe rah from the Bug's sleeves, followed by a western island in the Brest Fortress.To the left of the road is the old Russian cemetery, founded in the days of the Russian Empire. On the right - my unassuming shelter; He stands on the edge of herbal stadium, in which the German officers who lived in the same two-story house, who lived in the same two-story house, were played in the summer.
Strange neighborhood of the cemetery and stadium.
But I need to get from here in 1941, so I leave the "Grun-hotel" and I go to the city along the road, which once brought Terespol and Brest through the fortress. Then she was called Warsaw and was a strategic route, which was held through the central island of the fortress. The citadel was inhabited to her like a huge brick castle. Now "Warshavka" leads only in the cemetery and to the hotel, to a dead end of the border strip. And the new road Minsk-Brest-Warsaw is bypassed the fortress from the south.
But I got exactly where it is necessary - to the spatial coordinates of that time.
The past does not disappear without a trace. It remains shadows, sounds and even smells; From him there are walls and steps, letters and documents remain from him ... To see these shadows, hear the sounds, you only need to sharpen vision and rumor, we must look closely to the trifles and listen to what usually flies past the ears.
For example, these are the extensions of the lift harmonica. The old man plays on it in the attractive reclining. I go closer, throwing a few zloty in his cap, I sit on his bench and listen to a little signer, but still slender chords.
Did someone from the German soldiers who landed here, at this station, at the beginning of the summer of 1941 at the beginning of the summer?
With a human flow, he got to the city center, where instead of the Town Hall or other fitting building dominated the gray-concrete bunker with added armored dampers. It was an old powder cellar of the Brest fortress, which was intended for the western forts of the fortress number 7 and No. 6 located in the Terespol district. On the night of June 22, the headquarters of the 45th Infantry Division was located here, it was from here that the order was given to storm the bastions of the Brest Fortress.
A lot of cyclist overtook me on the way to the hotel. And then closed: here it is! Similarly, they rushed through this road to the border of German cyclists. They had to rush with a kilometer to immediately enter the battle. The fact is that at first they were taken away from the border through which the "nebutvermen" - rockets released in the fortress from field installations were supposed. These shells have not yet been tested in real battles, flew very inaccurately, and so as not to hit their own, the assault company was given away, and then, reducing the time of the throw, the soldiers sat on the bikes and rushed to the original frontier. The battery of reactive plants stood, rather, at the stadium. Here, nothing bothered the height of "non-deverters". And on the other side of the Russian cemetery, most likely, were the positions of superheavy self-propelled mortira type "Karl". They were named after the ancient Germann gods of war - Tor and One.
They were brought to Terespol along the railway, and they were attached to their progress to the appointed turn. Fortunately, this is quite close. Karlov accompanied the caterpillar loaders of 600-mm shells, which were supplied to the guns of the cranes, because concrectic shells weighed from one and a half to two tons (more precisely, 2170 kg - of which 380, and even 460 kg of explosives).
These monsters were created for a breakthrough of the "Magino line", but the French did not provide them with such an opportunity: they passed the front faster than the mortira was passing. Now they targeted the forts of the Brest Fortress. The benefit of her pipes and towers are visible with the naked eye - right from the road, according to which a flock of carefree cyclists has just rested.
Code Most
Colonel-General Leonid Sandalov was hardly the only memoirman who devoted his book for the first days and weeks of the beginning of the war. The troops of the 4th Army (Sandalov was the head of the headquarters of this army) were the first to take on the most powerful pit of the Wehrmacht in Brest, as well as south and north of him. The south of Brest was the place of Code, cut the flow of Bug into two parts - Western, once Polish, and in 1941 - the German half, and the eastern - the Belarusian-Soviet side. They were connected to a large highway bridge, which had a strategic value, because the road from Biala Podlaska was going through it, which allowed the shortest possible way to cut the Warsaw highway between Brest and Kobrin, where the army headquarters were located.
Sandals remembers:
"... To capture the bridge, the fascists have resorted to an even more cunning reception. At about 4 o'clock, they began to shout from their shore that the bridge to the head of the Soviet border guard should now go through German border guards for negotiations on an important, not tolerating delay, the case.
Our refusal. Then the fire from several machine guns and guns was opened with the German side. Under the cover of fire across the bridge, the infantry unit broke through. Soviet border guards who have entered the protection of the bridge, fell in this unequal battle by the death of heroes.
The enemy division captured the bridge, and on it on our side slipped several tanks ... ".
Food from Terespole to Codpene, to visit the place of the former military tragedy, remove the bridge in the photo ... The bus to Code is not often. I missed the nearest flight, so I take a taxi, the benefit of the price here is not Moscow at all. The taxi driver, an elderly Pole with gray-haired Mesoms, called Marege, was very surprised by the named route.
- How much is the taxi, and in Code for the first time the Russian Vise!
A taxi driver, like most of his colleagues, was very wordhaty, and I had to tell about the events of the seventy-year old ago, which were playing on the Code Bridge.
- There is no bridge there!
- How not it is if I saw him on the map.
- Map of the map, and I live here, and how many times in the code called, did not see any bridge.
- Must be the bridge!
- I served as a Polish saper in the troops. Really bridges in the river itself. If there was a bridge in the code, I would probably know.
So by the dispute we entered the picturesque place on the shore of the Bug, where the temples of the three denominations - Catholic, Orthodox and Uniates agreed. Unintelligible and low street in the colors of the June time - Malva, sirens, jasmine ... inhibit the first oncoming passerby:
- Where is the bridge over the Bug?
- We have no bridge.
Marek triumphs: "I spoke!". But passerby gives advice:
- And you ask Old Seendza. He was born before the war here.
We enter into the courtyard of the monastery complex, we are looking for an old xy, who was born in the code as much in 1934. In the forty-first, he was seven years old and he heard the first volunteers of a big war.
- Bridge? Was. Yes, only in the 44th year, he was blocked, but never began to restore. Only the mound on the shore remained.
Xendz showed us direction along the river, and I and I immediately moved. Now I looked at him triumphantly: the bridge was still! We broke through the coastal Berelo. The places here were clearly indisputable. Finally, they came across the overgrown earthen embankment, which was broken from the water rugged. It was entry into the Code Bridge. It stood three old commercial trains, adapted either under the warehouses, or under the burdens. Perhaps it was in such cars and the soldiers of the Wehrmacht arrived here. And on the burst of the mound was the white-red border post.
Exactly the same Germans broke here and dropped in the Bug in September 1939 ...
Much later, I learned that "In the forefront of the drum tank parts of Guderian from June 22, 1941, the 12th company III Brandenburg battalion under the command of Lieutenant Shader acted under the command. It is this division a few minutes to that began at 3.15 in the morning. On June 22, 1941, art preparation captured south of Brest the Codensky Bridge across the border river Bug, destroying the Soviet watch-guarded. The capture of this strategically important bridge immediately reported personally to Guderian. Already in the morning of the first day of war, it was already in the morning of the first day of war to transfer part of the 3rd tank division of the Major Major Tank Division of the Guderian group and deploy their offensive in the northeast direction, having a priority task to cut the Warsaw highway between Brest and Kobrn .
On the Belarusian shore of the Western Bug, the continuation of the embankment was visible. It was there that the blood of our border guards shed. Learn their names! As strange: the names of the attackers are known, and the names of the heroes-defenders are not.
Skies of the Bug Forest
The most fierce battles in the bora turned on the site of the 17th machine gun-artillery battalion, which occupied dots in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Semyiati. Today it is the territory of Poland.
But it is necessary to get there, this is the main goal of my expedition. Even in Brest, the experienced people warned me: they say, you should not get into this coarse alone. "You never know what? You have an expensive camera. You will take place at the local "Natsiks", and the camera from Moskal will be taken away, and they hire along the neck. You yourself see what the situation ".
The situation, of course, did not please: "Hawks" of Polish politics went war against the monuments to Soviet soldiers. Dots are also monuments to military heroism, the most impressive "monuments" ... It is unlikely that they will be exploded. But still, while there is an opportunity, you need to visit the holy places, to remove what has been preserved ...
If for a long time and intently look into the dark waters of the river oblivion, then they will begin to pee something in them, something appeal ...
So with Dotami Bura.
Not all, but through the curtain of time, faces, names, combat episodes, exploits ... Battleships are collecting information about the June battles on this land. Belarusian, Russian, German historians - descendants of those who fought here and died.
Their efforts have become known the names of the captain of postovanov, Lieutenant Ivan Fedorov, Junior Lieutenants V.I. Kolocharov, Eskova and Teniaev ...
They were the first to meet the most powerful pit of the Wehrmacht, many of them had a share of forever unknown soldiers.
Experienced search engines say that unusual things always occur before an important discovery, as if someone from those who are looking for, gives signs.
It is important for me to find a dot "Eagle" today, and no one else serves signs, even a tourist card. Dots on it are marked, but which of them "Eagle", and what "falcon", and where "Svetlana" is to determine in place.
I need an "eagle". This commander five-charming dot held longer than the rest - more than a week. It was the commander of the 1st company "level" battalion Lieutenant Ivan Fedorov and a small garrison in the number of twenty people.
At the village of Anusin, I say goodbye to the driver's drivers.
Dot "Eagle" must be found in the local district.
My old friend, Researcher, Central Archive Mo Taras Grigorievich Stepanchuk, discovered the reporting of the 65th Army of the Military Council of the 1st Belarusian Front. It indicates that after the release of the 65th Army in July 1944, the Soviet warriors in the village of Anusin were found in one of the dollars in one hundred dollars, two people lying on the fastened machine gun were found in the filled sleeves. One of them, with the stripes of the younger Politrock, did not have any documents. In the pocket of the gymnasters of the second fighter, Komsomolsk ticket No. 11183470 was preserved in the name of the Kuzno-Armenian Kuzma Josefovich Butenko.
Butenko was the ordinary commander of Rota Lieutenant Fedorov. So, the report was about the commander dota "Eagle".
Together with Lieutenant I. Fedorov, a dysbet assistant Lyatin, fighters of Pukhov, Amozov ... Install the name of the younger politrock could not be installed.
"The Russians left long-term fortunate strengthening even when the basic guns were disabled, and defended them to the last ... The wounded pretended to be dead and shot from ambushes. Therefore, in most operations, there were no prisoners, "reported in the reporting of the German command.
I deeper into the roadside pine, which, if you believe the map, goes into the very forest where our dots cost.
It is interesting to build dots. First root the well. Then the concrete walls are erected around it. Water is on the solution, and then on cooling weapons, on drinking garrison. Long-term firepoint starts with a well. They say, local old men's grooves helped our sappers to find underground water veins.
Dots are a kind of concrete ships, immersed by their "waterline" in the ground, to the ground. They even have their own names - "Eagle", "Fast", "Svetlana", "Falcon", "Free" ...
"The finished dots were two-storey concrete boxes with a thickness of the walls of 1.5-1.8 meters, lined in the Earth in the ambrusura. The upper caasemate shared the partition into two gun compartments. The layout has highlighted the gallery, a vestibule that took the explosive wave from the armor door, the gas gateway, the ammunition storage, a sleeping compartment for several beds, an artesian well, a toilet ... Armament depended on the importance of the direction and where it consisted of 76-millimeter guns and two machine guns, where - From 45 mm, paired with a machine gun DS. Armament of dollars to the beginning of the war was kept on conservation, ammunition and food were kept on rotary and battalion warehouses. Full garrisons depending on their size consisted of 8-9 and 16-18 people. Some stayed up to 36-40 people. The commandants of the fools were appointed, as a rule, the officers of the younger cosmobawa "- writes the historian of Bura.
But these "concrete ships" were unfinished ...
One can only imagine what to fight on the ships standing on the races. Crews do not throw their ships, the garrisons of dolots have not thrown their fortifications. Each of these caponies was a small Brest fortress. And what was happening in the big citadel, it was repeated here, only at its scale.
According to the stories of the Brest old-timers, the garrisons of unfinished, the unwindered dolots were kept for several days. Grounding Nazis littered inlets and embrasures. One such "blind" concrete box, which has not only embrasures and entrance, but even the conclusions of communication pipes were closed, recently detected Belarusian search engines.
Stepping along the forest path - away from the village, from other people's eyes. On the right along the edge of extraordinary beauty rye field - with cornflowers and daisies. His hop plantations and strawberries ... It is not even believed that in these serene driving places, there were tanks, heavy guns were beaten by direct vendon with concrete walls, the flames of flamethmets broke into the ambrusuras ...
I can not believe that according to these pastoral transfer, I was looking for our prey - "Green Brothers", merciless "Akovtsy" ...
But all this was here, and the forest kept it all in her green memory.
Maybe therefore it was in the soul so anxious, despite the sliding fiber of the Bug Solovyov, the dresses of the drokes and ebb. The sun baked from Zenith, and I still could not find any Dot in this forest. As if enveloped them. As if they went into this land, covered with coniferous infusion, dense bushes. Oriented the card along the road: all right - the forest is this. And Bug nearby. Here it is, the Kamenka River, here is the road number 640.
And there are no dolics, although in all the rules of fortification they must be here - on the hill, with a great overview of all the main roads and bridges here. Already, the trails were all disappeared under the thickets of the violent fern. And where the fern, there, a well-known case, the unclean strength is docked.
It was clearly an abnormal zone: no one suddenly stopped with e-watch on her hand. And pines grew curves-curves, so similar to the "drunk forest", which is in the Curonian spit. And then the raven shouted - Karto, Rascato, Merzko. As if threatened or warned about something.
And then I prayed: "Brothers! - I mentally shouted to the defenders of the bots. - I came to you. From that far came - from Moscow itself! Draw! Show! "
As they built it 75 years ago, it stood in full growth - unshamed soil, washing, unkind, open to all projectiles and bullets. A huge sample - in the scope of the hands - gaped in his frontal part.
I learned it immediately - according to the old photo made on my happiness from the same perspective, with what looked at Dot and I - from the south angle.
In the wall on the right - the ambrusura in the steel frame, and in the forehead - the platoon is most likely from a special concrequency projectile. From these Ambrazur and samples flew out the soldier's souls ...
Spruce bumps were lying on the sand, like shooting sleeves.
That picture was made in the summer of 1944, and therefore the terrain around the open, adapted for the maintenance of fire, now it is pretty thumb up with a pine and shrub. No wonder that it is possible to notice this five-charming fortress nearby.
The souls of unnecessary soldiers who slept under the combat overlap of Dota heard me, moreover, treated with strawberries, which grew here around all over the shaft ... They gave me large red ripe berries!
And what else could they give me?
But the souls of the dead enemies sat on me ticks and heaps. Probably, they themselves turned into them.
I went inside through the justor - acknowledged from the sides of the Seni, in order to divert blasting waves from the door of the main entrance.
In the haired caasemates stood raw cold, which was perceived after a midday of the bake as a good. A cold drop fell to me on the topic: Salt icicles were hung from the ceiling, like steel stations.
They gathered moisture drops, like tears.
Dot cried!
Studied rusty reinforcement stuck everywhere. The builders managed to fasten the choms for ventilation pipes, and did not have time to mount the pipes. So, the fighters of Dota littered from the powder gases ...
From the combat compartment - a square LAZ to the lower floor, to the shelter. Everything is risen in plastic bottles, household garbage. I was scored and a spare way out ...
I got out and went to look for the rest of the dots.
And soon it came across two mighty concrete boxes.
Every dot here is a Russian island among someone else's land. Someone was not sorry to leave her, and they went east into their limits. And the Burra fighters carried out the order - "not to go out of the merots!"
And they did not go, taking martyrdom. An even more painful because around, like now, life was the same - the grass was blooming and wild cherry ...
Someone threw tanks - fuel ended. And they did not have such an excuse. Kept until the latter.
One of the mouth of Pulbate occupied positions at the village of Krulevis's Power. She commanded Lieutenant P.E. Shortcomings. The Germans fired at dots from the guns, bombed from the aircraft, they were stormed by the SAPER EINZATTS teams with flamethroughs and explosives.
But garrisons were held to the last cartridge. In Dota, which now stands on the northeast outskirts of the village of Krulevis, there were six redarmeys and twelve lieutenants, which only arrived from the school and did not have time to get a weapon in the fateful night. All died ...
Double-tech dots "Svetlana" and "Falcon" and several other field structures covered the highway from the bridge across the Bug River on Semyati. In the first hours of battle, a group of border guards and fighters of the battalion headquarters joined the defenders. Three days led the battle of Dot "Svetlana" under the command of the younger lieutenants V.I. Kolocharov and Teniaev.
Kolocharov, fortunately, remained alive. From his words, it is known that among the "Svetlanov", the arrows-gunner Copekin and the gunner of the guns Kazakh Khazambekov, who in the first wars of the war damaged the German armored train, who left the bridge. Armored train Evoids. And Khazambeks and other artillerymen moved fire to a pontoon crossing; It was shipped through the Bug enemy infantry ...
I go out of the forest to the railway mound.
This dot is most likely "Falcon". His ambrusuras look at the railway bridge over the Bug. The riveted rusty large bridge farms are covered with rust, rail route overgrown with grass. The kind of such as the battles for this strategic object ended only yesterday.
Today I do not need a bridge. The movement along this area of \u200b\u200bthe path to the Belarusian side is closed. But how many lives for him were put in forty-first, and forty-fourth ...
Now he stands like a monument to those who covered it. And the bridge is worth two dotil - one of the hard structures of the Molotov line. Although the excursions are here.
But excursions tend to "Line Mazhino." Everything is safe and maintenance: both weapons, and periscopes, and the whole technique, and even army beds in the casemates are filled. There is something to see, there is something to twist, touch, not what here is on the "Molotov lines", where everything is broken, fragmented, breaking.
On the "Magino Lines", as you know, the fight was not ...
The importance of the Brest Strong rate appreciated the commander of the 293rd infantry division of the Wehrmacht, which up to June 30, 1941 stormed the position of the 17th OPAB under seeds: "no doubt that overcoming the reproduction after its completion would require severe victims and the use of heavy-weapons of large calibers ".
***
About Commandant Brest Strong-Major General Pubube ...
It is very easy to throw a stone in this person, and just easily, then throw. Here, Mark Solonin, Mark Solonin, threw into it: "In war as in war. In any army of the world there are confusion, and panic, and escape. In order to and exist in the army of the commanders, so that in such a situation one to bind, others - to shoot, but to achieve a combat task. What did the commander of the 62nd Hurray did when the crowds who quit their fireproof positions came running to his headquarters?
"The Commander of the Brest Strong-Major Commander Pubyrev with a part of the divisions who have departed to him in high, on the very first day departed to Belkk (40 km from the border. - M.S..), And then further to the East ... "How is it" Departed "? .. What was going to get a comrade bubble in the rear? New movable dot on wheels? ".
It is easy to finish over a person who cannot answer anything to you ... no one better than general bubble knew how his 62nd fortification was not ready for serious combat actions. He recently appointed to the post of Commandant, he drove throughout the "Molotov Line" and was convinced that the concrete "shield of the Soviets of the Soviets" still should be pledged. And then say - on the scope of construction work, the boring could be equated to such a "building of the century" as the Dneprogram. Despite the fact that dozens of dollars were close to the completion of construction and installation work, almost all of them did not have a fire connection among themselves, that is, they could not cover each other with artpuleometal fire. And this meant that the commands of enemy demolitions received the opportunity to get close to them. Farless, caonial guns were installed everywhere, the ventilation pipes are mounted, communication lines ...
Not enough for 2-3 months in order to be a united defensive system. And now the fire shaft of the most important impact impact hit the fortification.
Already by noon on June 22, the connection between the bubble headquarters and the supporting areas was interrupted once and for all. There was no connection with the superior command - nor the headquarters of the 4th Army, nor the headquarters of the district, which became the headquarters of the Western Front.
In the high, where there was a bubble with the headquarters, the scattered groups of sappers and military builders arrived. They had no weapons.
What remained to do General Pubyrev? Organize anti-tank defense using shovel and scrap? To go to the nearest dot and is heroically die there with a rifle, before it captures it in captivity?
Shoot, how did it make the commander of the Western Front Air Force General Copets after a crushing strike of Luftwaffe in his airfields?
But he had a headquarters, with people and secret drawings, schemes, plans, cards. A lot of people have been born - redarmeys, for one reason or another reasons left without commanders, as well as concreteers, reinforcers, excavators, mason, with some wives and children, and everyone was waiting for him to take - commandant, general, great boss.
And the bubble accepted the only correct decision in that setting - to bring all these people from under the blow, bring them there, where you can re-start defense, where you and everyone will give clear and clear orders.
General Pubyrev built a knocked crowd into a hiking column and led them to the connection with the main forces. Did not escape, according to someone under the nickname "Shwonder", and led the column not east, but northwest, to his own, through Belovezhskaya Pushcha. And led everyone who joined him.
And entered the headquarters of the front. The order of the general of the army of Zhukov was appointed Commedian of Spass Demenia Stolongon. Such is "dot on wheels."
In November 1941, General Pubyrev died suddenly. As his subordinate militaler noted 3 rank P. Pali, "General swallowed some pills all the way."
In her 52 years, Mikhail Ivanovich Pubyrev, the past burned not one war, was a core. And the German bullet did not need to stop his heart. Enough for killing stresses of that fatal time ...
Yes, his fighters fought in Dota to the last. The car, though he was crammed, held a third of the strength. Fought without command, because without communication it is impossible to command. Yes, on the outside it looked unsightly: the troops are fighting, and the general departs in an unknown direction for them.
Perhaps it is this situation that tormented the soul and the heart of the bubble. But the war raised people and not in such situations ...
Where the general bubble was buried, no one knows.
***
Dots of Brest Strong ...
They just at first shelted their defenders from the first bullets and shells. Then, when they fell into the right siege, turned into deadly traps, in fraternal graves.
No here, under the seeds, nor bouquets of flowers, no eternal flame.
Only the eternal memory, frozen in the military inilent reinforcedon.
Nikolay Cherkashin
22.06.2016
http://www.stoletie.ru/territoriya_istori/na_linii_molotova_305.htm
In the Great Patriotic War
In the 20-30s of the twentieth century, as now, Pskovschina has been bred. Our neighbors did not differ peaceful, and this, as well as the fact that their stronger patrons stood behind them, created a very real danger to the USSR. Therefore, after events known as the "military alarm" in the USSR of the 1927 year, the construction of the fortified positions was launched on the Western borders of the country, which received the informal name "Stalin Line".
Fortified areas were built on the territory of Pskovshchina. In 1930-1932 A Pskov fortified position (48 firepoints) was built, covered with Pskov from the west on the Valcake direction, covered by Brody through the Great and Tukhovsky Bridge. However, mostly the boundary remained not covered.
In 1938, a new program for the construction of fortifications was adopted, during which the Pskov Studyonunion increased: Ostrovsky, Sebezhsky and Outochovetsky Strongs were to be built. Grand construction boiled along the border.
The events of 1939-40 have changed the political card and moved away the borders of the USSR far to the West. The construction of fortifications in the Pskov region ceased to be the first priority - and it was minimized. Already constructed concrete boxes of dot were mocked in different degrees of readiness, and in warehouses equipment and weapons, intended for installation in the built firepoints, was sent to the West, to build a new string line at the new border, known now as the "Molotov line". For the construction of the Olochetsky, the URA did not begin at all.
The beginning of the war made its own adjustments to the pre-war plans. The rapid advance of the enemy deep into the country forced the Soviet command to recall the fortifications on the old border, including those unfinished. They were supposed to be a support for the defense of the army of the second echelon, nominated from the inner districts. So Sebry Stregenyon was supposed to be a support for the right flank of the 22nd army of Lieutenant General F.A. Ershakov.
Nemtsetskaya infantry came out to the Bed line bought July 5, 1941. The next morning the first attacks followed the next day.
From the memories V.F. Shmeleva, fighter of the 258th separate machine gun-artillery battalion (Military Historical Journal No. 5, 2007, p. 67-69):
"I worked before the war in Moscow at the Khcherbakov plant. On June 23, 1941, I was going to work in the morning, but I received an agenda of the Jaw for 18.00 to Ramensky Railoenkomat. I went to the plant, where I received a calculation. In the military registration and enlistment office, they announced everyone who was He feels healthy, may have a "healthy" stamp without a survey. The queue moved quickly.
In the evening, sent to Moscow, where the 258th separate machine gun-artillery battalion was formed. Delivered to military uniforms, issued weapons. On June 26, in the direction of the front at the Rzhelon (now - Riga) railway in Echelon. The train went to the West, as it became known, in the city of Sezh. Anticipating the bombing, the battalion commander put two hand machine gun on the roof, to one of them put me.
Arrived. After a 25-kilometer march found themselves on a hilly terrain, bordered the railway and stuffed with Dotami. They were intended for artillerymen and had large embrasures; At the bottom of each, the well was arranged with water, and at the top - the observation platform, not covered with nothing. The exit from Dota was assigned to the side.
Since we did not have tools, although the battalion was called machine-gun-artillery, we closed the ambrusuras with sand bags. They dug the trench from the outlet of Dot down the hill to the hollow and disguised it. They prepared a weapon that, by conscience to say, we were equipped weak. Each platoon that occupied one dot was in its composition together with the commander of fifteen people, in which they accounted for one machine and one manual machine gun, as well as three rifles. In fact, more than half of the composition turned out to be unarmed.
On July 4, in the morning, our battalion had to lead a straight fight. The Germans first discovered the artillery fire, treating thoroughly our defense, however, without having losses, since everyone was in Dotha. When they moved into the attack, the machine-gun fire from the merrys located on the front, looked pretty. Attack choked. Then they, having reroaching the strength, put forward to the guns on the straight tip and began to shoot directly along the embrasures, or rather, in bags with sand, and the wounded appeared in Dot. But from re-attack nothing happened. The Germans tried to hack our defense three times, and all three times were forced to roll back. Our platoon did not enter into battle, since the ambrusura of our fireproof was sent to the rear, about the actions of the same Front Dota, four wounded redarmeys were told to us from there.
Unable to overcome our frontier, the fascists decided to bypass it from the rear, but they stumbled upon our dots. We met their destructive machine-gun fire. After stopping temporarily active actions, the enemy placed in sheltered sites of snipers. If I noticed the movement, sniper bullets flew immediately. We have lost not only any mobility, but also the opportunity to conduct widespread observation. To our Dota with closed, the sides were penetrated by several Germans and threw us with grenades. Direct harm was not caused, because the fragments hit only along the walls of the course, but the smoke from the burnt charge filled the whole dot. Someone shouted "gases", and we fussily put the masks, but very quickly understood that smoke - from the powder charge. After some time, Dot, where our platoon was, turned out to be completely blocked. "
The Germans "Honor" to storm Strongsonon "in the forehead" fell out "SESSMES" from the SS division "Dead Head". She was formed in the fall of 1939 in Dakhau. It was included in the conjunction of the conjunction of the SS "Dead Head" and the defense battalion of the SS Danzig.
From the magazine hostilities division SS "Dead Head" (SS-Division "Totenkopf"):
"6.7.1941 at 3.00 offensive after a short artwork preparation to the fortified position of the enemy (from concrete bunkers) in the Latvian-Russian border in Brochnovo-Dubrovo-Isitino villages. The opponent is rigidly, with the help of heavy weapons, defended deep-shelled fortifications. Each bunker had to take the assault group. Sappers. One bunker defended 42 Russians, among them 20 Jews. The opponent's artogony was conducted with the dominant height of south of pretentibly, so the fortified position had an effective fire in front of his line. The bridge at Isitino during the oppression of the opponent blown away. by 17.00 in spite of the enemy's fire bridge It was restored. A new offensive on the second line of bins south and east of pretentiously began at 17.45 and continues now. Losses: 50 killed, 160 wounded. There are no prisoners. " (Translation of Andrei Ivanova)
Mikhail Tuh, especially for the Pskov Agency for Information
