A2 AD Bubble Limitations and Access Blocking. USA - China: new containment strategy
To prevent the American and coalition forces and breaking their operations on the territory within a radius of 600 km around the Hmeimim airbase in the Syrian Latakia, the Russian military was deployed by the air defense system. Such a complex of NATOs is called a2ad (a system that limits or blocks any access).
Having learned this news, American newspapers were inferred to report it. The Washington Post spoke about the complex, as a combination of land-air missile batteries and anti-relief missiles. The task of this weapon includes the fence of a certain territory from the entrance of any troops and suppress such attempts on Earth, in the air or the sea.
The Supreme Commander of NATO General Philip Brondlav said that this A2 / AD zone is the third in Russia. The first and oldest, according to a high-ranking military official, is located on the naval base in the area of \u200b\u200bKaliningrad. The second such system is deployed on the territory of the Crimea, it can "cover" most of the Black Sea.
Bridlav said: "Russian winged missiles of anti-workers are able to hit any goal in the Black Sea, and the Rockets of the air defense are 50% of its water area."
NATO commanders may assume anything, but the air defense system deployed by Russia, a complex of special equipment, as well as aircraft, was clearly given to understand the so-called coalition for which it was done.
All the same newspaper Washington Post reported that more than 20 aircraft were stationed around the database, including attack aircraft and helicopters, 500 Russian servicemen and several units of tank and armored military equipment.
To such arsenal, Russia added a newest system of fueling electronics, which made it possible to blind the radars of NATovs, violated the work of electronic guidance systems and created interference to shooting areas from space. In fact, there was a blocking of the entire coalition electronics under the "bubble" formed by the A2 / AD system.
Moreover, NATOs with undisguised concern reported on the presence of a Russian cruiser from the coasts of the Russian cruiser with established complexes S-300.
The Damascus news agency reported that the Americans were effectively "blinded" inside the bubble, the center of which is located in Latakia.
A2 / AD limited tolerance zone in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Hmeimim airbase has become an invisible wall and an irresistible obstacle for NATO coalition forces. The Russian system simply "made a brain" the most advanced arms of the US military itself, which has proven operation conducted in Syria.
In one of the speeches devoted to the formation of the US Strategic Doctrine in January 2012, President Obama stated that American interests in the economy and national security are closely related to the processes of various nature that occur in the space between the western part of the Pacific, South Asia and the Indian Ocean . He noted that the United States will pay close attention to this part of the planet and, as a result, change the alleged tactics of the use of American troops and their allies in the event of the beginning of an armed conflict in the region.
The need for such changes in East Asia was described in the scientific literature, in which the possibility of the United States to protect and defend its interests in this part of the world was questioned. For several years, some experts proved that China by placing arms, blocking access to individual districts (Anti-Access / Area-Denial, A2 / AD), which is vital interest in Americans and their allies, has changed the strategic balance in the Western region Pacific Ocean in its favor. According to other analysts, due to progress in the field of weapons, regional powers can significantly threaten the dominance of Americans (including at the global level).
Collage Andrei Sedoy
As a result, the US army currently introduces various new concepts that will ensure a stable military-strategic balance in the field of conventional armed forces. One of them is "Air Sea Battle), which unites the efforts of the US Navy and the US Air Force to protect the American bases in the region from the threat of missile attacks, a change in the balance of offensive armaments, improving the stability of underwater operations, the elimination of vulnerabilities of various satellite systems Management, control, intelligence and observation, improving the interaction of various genera and types of troops, improving the possibilities of conducting electronic intelligence and cybernetic operations. The main method of its implementation will be the integration of land forces, the Navy, Air Force, Space Engineering, Departures for conducting a cybernetic war for deterrence and, if necessary, the destruction of the arms of the alleged enemy using improved weapons to block access and blocking a certain zone (A2 / AD).
Despite the fact that such armaments of terrestrial basing play a significant role in the A2 / AD strategy, their role in the concept of "Air SI BATL" is currently not fully investigated. At the same time, they could significantly and with relatively low costs increase the possibilities of American armed forces in this region. One approach is to develop similar inexpensive arms for a significant increase in China's military costs and if the deterrence system fails and the conflict goes into the open stage, to reduce the damage that the PRC may apply to Asian states.
The effectiveness of the application of the PCR in the ATP
In connection with the above-mentioned changes in the US and China strategies, it is an urgent issue of the use of anti-develop missiles (PCR) ground-based basing. If American troops, located in the region, will have the possibility of their potential use, they can be applied when performing a wide range of combat missions: from protecting the interests of allies and partners of the United States in the region to the establishment of a sea blockade of a potential aggressor in the event that combat operations started.
Currently, about 45 types of missiles standing in service with the Army of the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei are located in the region. Tactical and technical characteristics of the most common of them and planned to adopt put into operation are specified in the table.
The analysts of the Rand (Rand) rated the effectiveness of the application of the PCR, relying on their technical capabilities and the impact of an American strategy to block access NAMC NAMA in the event that they prefer the conduct of active hostilities against allies and partners of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) . The main approach of analysts was the situation according to which the maximum containment of NAK NAK in the territorial waters of the PRC (i.e., ground-based PCR should be placed on the first ridge of the islands that block the further access of China in the Pacific Ocean) will have a decisive impact on the maintenance of combat operations in the region. They recognized that the approach to the containment of NAMA NAME using only the PCR of ground-based base is ineffective, and as a result of this, analyzed the role that this type of weapons will be able to play in a comprehensive containment strategy.
According to Rand's corporation, the use of ground-based PCR will significantly complicate the actions of the army and the NAK NAC with the open conflict with the US allies and partners. This weapon is high (except in cases where it is applied stationary) and it is relatively easy to use. As a result, NAMA NAMA will have to use a much larger number of military resources to detect and intercepting ground-based PCR. In addition, anti-worker rockets will have substantial assistance if the United States and their allies will decide to establish the Far Naval blockade of the PRC.
Specialists "Rand" conducted a comprehensive analysis of the role of the above-mentioned type of weapons in China's military consideration strategy. It is believed that during the equipment of the US contingent, which can be posted in countries - allies and partners in East Asia, ground-based PCRs will be relatively small material tools. For their normal functioning, in addition to American servicemen, the army participation of those countries will be required in the territory of which these PCR will be arranged. It will also be necessary access to those systems of these states that will ensure the identification of goals, management of missiles based on the information obtained, the operation of the PCR batteries.
It is assumed that the above-mentioned complexes based on American and local elements will protect all the sheds to which China can have access. In addition to the PCR of ground-based base, in the event of the establishment of the Marine Block, the PRC will have to use the means of interception and inspection of commercial ships, such as helicopter aviation or the court of coastal protection of regional states. In the event that during the discussion of the strategy, the choice will fall to the use of local, and not American PC of ground-based base, they will have to be integrated within the framework of a unified management system.
During the analysis of the probability of introducing the blockade of the PRC, the possibility of covering the PCR of ground-based bases of each of the straits, through which NAM NAK, in the event of the beginning of hostilities, can break through the Pacific Ocean.
Malakki, Zondi and Lombok
A relatively narrow Malacca Strait has a strategic value. Nearby Indonesia and Malaysia have significant Arsenals of ground-based PCR, which can effectively intercept the goals throughout the length of the strait of 730 kilometers. Although the PCR batteries can be destroyed, but the guaranteed destruction of these weapons without the participation of the LUCA's land forces will be very difficult due to the small size of the PCR launchers (PU). Anti-chapped ground-based rockets that have a greater shooting range, such as C-802 ASM Indonesia (adapted version of the Chinese PCR YF-2), are able to provide more effective resistance. The C-802 ASM can hit a target at a distance of 120 kilometers, which makes it the most long-range PCR of ground-based base, deployed in the region. PKR PJ-10 "Bramos", which is a joint Russian-Indian development, can increase the distance of the defeat of the vehicles of the potential enemy to 1,500 kilometers.
At the same time, the closure of the Malaccian Strait does not guarantee maintaining the stable sea blockade of the PRC in this region. To ensure it, it is necessary to take similar measures in the probe and Lombok Strait. Since their width is relatively small, experts do not see any problems in their protection of ground-based PCR.
Japan, Taiwan and Philippines
If Taiwan and the Philippines are involved in the intended conflict, ground-based PCR, posted on their territory, will also serve as a means of restricting the Freedom of the NAMA NAK. For example, a rocket located on Taiwan Island and has a radius of action of 100 kilometers, together with rockets that can hit the targets at a distance of 200 kilometers, will ensure control over the movement of ships to the south of Okinawa. Another embodiment of this area is the Basing of the PCR with a 200-kilometer radius of action on Ryuiku Island. The space between Okinawa and Japan can be blocked by the PCR with a 100-kilometer distance located in the Japanese territory. Lonzonsky Strait, Borneo Island district and Philippines It is possible to protect the PCR installed on Taiwan Island and the territory of Malaysia and / or the Philippines.
However, according to experts, the water space remains untoured in this case, located between Australia and Indonesia. This problem can be solved with the use of the PCR PJ-10 "Bramos" in the ground version posted on Indonesia and / or Australia.
Korea and Japan
NAMC NAMA can also use for the transit of ships between South Korea and Japan Korean Strait. It is easy to overlap with ground-based PCR with a radius of 100-200 kilometers located on the territory of these two states. According to experts, to achieve an optimal level of security of this Strait, it is necessary to simultaneously use the Ground-based PCR, which are in service with these two states.
Optimal placement of PCR
Experts believe that the PCR of ground-based bases at all the above areas on a temporary basis will be relatively difficult. On the contrary, the placement of this type of weapons on an ongoing basis will cause a negative response from China and presumably will have a negative impact on American-Chinese negotiations of various kinds. For the normal functioning of the PCR of ground-based basing, it is necessary to close cooperation with those states, on whose territory they are located, which is also a factor for which the United States, in the opinion of experts, should not exacerbate relations with the PRC. Thus, the most optimal option for the use of the SCR is the preparation of places from which their launch is planned, and the placement of the warehouses of this type of weapons in the territory of Asian states or preparation for the emergency transition of land-based PCR from the United States.
The PCR series can be installed not only in the ground, but also in a number of other versions, which will increase the degrees of flexibility of their application. At the same time, the question of mobilizing and creating an effective structure for managing PCR batteries, located in different conditions. According to experts, the optimal scheme is the mobilization and transfer scheme of Patriot's Sprink, developed by the US Army. The minimum composition of one unit of this complex includes two launchers with four starting containers on each, eight supply machines, radar, control, optional equipment required for the normal functioning of the complex, the corresponding calculation. All these components can be deployed on five C-5 aircraft or on seven C-17. When moving the complex, high-speed vessels also actually use.
Given the high level of development of the PCR market of various bases (including terrestrial), experts believe that a similar above-described structure of the PCR division can be created for any type of these missiles without much effort.
Assessing the impact of the international situation on the strategy for the use of land-based PCR in the containment of NAMA NAMA, analysts note that not all ATP states are fully allies and / or US partners. The most striking example is Indonesia, which, despite the provision of American military aid, strengthens relations with the PRC. Perhaps the need to convince such countries to post on their territory of ground-based PCR will become a major problem of American foreign policy in the region.
Cooperation as part of the creation of a common defensive system of the PCR of ground-based basing can significantly improve the interaction of the United States and the APR states in the field of ensuring national security. At the same time, the question is relevant, whether these countries will be able to effectively use ground-based PCR to ensure the blockade of NAMA NAME. Experts believe that since the American army has no sufficient experience and material and technical base for their maximum efficient use, cooperation with the countries of Asia in this direction can be significantly difficult.
Today, the US Air Force and the Navy have funds that can carry out the deterrence of the aspirations of NAMA NAMA without the use of land forces. However, they mostly are expensive and their placement may be difficult to make the efforts of China. Ground-based PCR, which is launched from relatively small-scale installations located in a hard-to-reach area, is able to significantly improve the American containment system without the use of expensive techniques. The use of these missiles can facilitate the tasks of patroling by the forces of the US Air Force and Navy. The massive placement of launchers in the territory of allies and / or partners of the United States will complicate the work of Chinese management and control and intelligence systems. The use of ground-based PCR as part of the EYR SI BATL strategy would significantly increase the American opportunities to confront the Chinese strategy to combine access to separate areas (A2 / AD). It will also facilitate cooperation with the ATP countries as part of the placement and potential application of this weapon, consider Rand in Corporation.
Awesome report
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe potential application of the US ground basing PCR and their allies and partners in the APR as a significant containment factor is particularly relevant in the light of the increase in the potential possibilities of NAMA NAMP.
Navalized nuclear containment of the PRC for the first time in the history of the country reaches the level of initial combat readiness. The report with this information was published in the US Congress by a subcommittee dealing with China.
According to the draft report prepared by the US-China Economic and Security Commission (US-China Economic and Security Review Commission), the Chinese solid fuel ballistic missile for running from submarines (BRPL) JL-2 can achieve the level of initial combat readiness at the end of 2013. The flight range of this BRPL will be alleged 4,000 nautical miles (7408 kilometers). In a complex with a nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles (PlaSB) of the project 094 (cipher "Jin" - Jin), the JL-2 rocket will be a threat directly for the United States. Currently, NAMA NAK has three plars of this type, it is planned to accommodate two more boats by 2020.
The report contains information according to which China is developing two new nuclear submarines (APUs) - an atomic submarine with rocket and torpedo armament (boards) of the project 095 and project plan 096. The project plan 096 will significantly increase the range of use, mobility, secrecy and efficacy of Chinese nuclear deterrence.
The structures belonging to the American Armed Forces on the GUAM island will soon be under threat of Chinese land basing missiles, experts emphasize.
Despite the fact that Currently, China cannot use land-based wing missiles, NAK NAMP, experts consider the possibility of strikes on ground targets using sea winged rockets. A special role in this context will be played project boards 095 and the destroyer with controlled missile weapons (URO) of the 052D project (SIFR "Louyoujan-3" - Luyang III). This will facilitate the Chinese side of the attack of the goals located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, including the island of Guam.
As indicated in the above report, the NEA Air Force acquired 15 new H-6K bombers (improved version of the H-6 machine). The H-6K aircraft can carry the winged rockets on board for terrestrial targets and have an enlarged range compared to the previous option. The winged airbag missiles will allow NAC Air Force to strike almost all objects in the western part of the Pacific Ocean.
The report contains information according to which the PRC is currently developing an improved version of the Ballistic PCR DF-21 - DF-21D. Its estimated flight range will be 810 maritime miles (1500 kilometers). As a result, she will not be able to hit targets on the island Guam, remote from China's territory for 1600 nautical miles (3000 kilometers).
Among other innovations, NAMA NAK analysts pay special attention to the construction of the first Chinese aircraft carrier "Liaoning", from the deck of which the fighter J-15 "Flaring Shark" fighter (Flying Shark) took off and landing. In June 2013, during the exercise, the first group of deck aircraft pilots and an uptake management officers and landing officers were certified, and in September 2013, the take-off of the landing of deck aircraft on the ship was carried out. It is assumed that the crew training will continue until the ongoing NAK NAMA in 2015-2016 will receive the first airlip, equipped with J-15 fighters.
The report also contains information on other new shipments of NAK NAMA. In 2012, China introduced two new class of surface ships: Esminets Uro "Loudy-3" and the frigate "Jiangdao" (project 056). Construction of the construction of Esminians URO "Loudy-2" was resumed. Serial production of frigates URO "Jiankai-2" continues (project 054a). Analysts believe that most of these ships will be commissioned by 2015. In their opinion, by this time, China will be the second power in the world by the number of large ships in the world, and by 2020, despite the increase in the production of the American fleet, is the largest builder of military vessels in the world and will produce the largest number of submarines every year. and surface ships.
The position of specialists, expressed in the report under consideration, as follows: Over the next 5-10 years, China's military preparations will significantly change the strategic balance in Asia. Along with the strengthening of US-Chinese relations, the People's Republic of China is increasing its opportunities for the Bases and Ships of the United States and their allies in the Asia-Pacific region.
Modern zones of restrictions and reversion of access and maneuvers "A2 / AD" - complex structured defensive frontiers with a seashentrical appearance. General information about the Baltic "A2 / AD-Coles"
Today, the Western term "A2 / AD" is true, denoting the operational and strategic concept of limiting and reveaving access and maneuvers of marine, terrestrial and air vehicles of the enemy with the help of conventional weapons, increasingly in the agenda of most analytical agencies and military departments of North America and Europe. He is partially leaving for us. The Pentagon, as well as the European Command of the US Armed Forces and the command of the Armed Forces of NATO in Europe, quite a long time formed a considerable list of "A2 / AD" zones on various initial theaters of hostilities, the attempt of the "breakthrough" of which can turn into the North Atlantic Alliance unacceptable to continue the fighting damage. At the European Theater of Military Action, this list is represented by the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions, the borders of the Baltic States with the Republic of Belarus, as well as the Republic of Crimea. At all of these turns, a powerful "anti-sophisticated / anti-missile umbrella" from S-300/400 SPP, overcoming the tactical aviation of NATO, will lead to huge losses in dozens of drum fighters.
A similar "A2 / AD-barrier" is built and directly on the sea section of the Baltic Conditional TVD, where there are several dozen batteries of anti-develop complexes K-300P "Bastion-P" and 3k60 "Bal", which can be released on enemy ships Echelon of a few hundred supermanum 2,3-fly 3m55 "Onyx" and subsonic X-35U "Uranus". With a similar number of "smart" elements, no well-known NATO aircraft lifting group, supported by the best frigates and air defense systems, "Daring" class (Type 45), Sachsen (project F124) and "Arley Burk" will not cope. To reflect the "star rack" of Russian anti-develop missiles, together with 2.5 and 4-flight anti-tactical fighters of X-31Ad / X-58, shipments of NATO, NATO simply not enough total target centenary of multifunctional radar, controlling anti-aircraft rocket SM-2 complexes, paams ("SylVer") and SM-6.
Moreover, the proximity of the Baltic coast of the Leningrad region determines the possibility of active use of ground complexes of radio-electronic intelligence / radio electronic combat 1l267 "Moscow-1", "Krasuha-4", etc., capable of extensive with high efficiency (aiming and barrier interference) Radar heads of homing gapun and RBS-15MK3 rockets, launched by surface ships of the Baltic Fleet of Russia. Support from landfinding rap in the open sea is impossible, therefore, all defense tasks are located exclusively on ship SPC and Rab complexes. The proximity of the coastal military infrastructure with the friendly units of the RES in the conditions of the Scetcentric War is the first important advantage of the littoral zone of restriction and reversion of access and maneuvers "A2 / AD" in comparison with a similar zone located away from their own coast.
The second significant tactical "china" zone "A2 / AD", installed in the Finnish bay and southern part of the Baltic Sea, is the possibility of using supermalucheum diesel-electric submarines Ave. 877 "Haltus", paragraph 636.3 "Warshavyanka", etc. 677 Lada. " In terms of acoustic secrecy, these submarines are ahead of even the most modern multi-purpose impact atoms like "Sea Wolf", "Pike-B", etc. 885 "ash". Consequently, they are able to approach NATO ships shock groups for the distance of the pair-tens of tens of kilometers, after which the underwater launch of anti-religious missiles 3M54E1 "Caliber" or 3m55 "Onyx" can be carried out. The emergence of a whole "Roy" of the Russian PCR in the immediate vicinity of Kug of the United National Communications NATO will become a real surprise for the operators of the enemy's ship's SPR.
The combat information and control systems of surface ships will remain a minimum of time for taking missiles to escort, capture, as well as the further opening of fire. In the conditions of the Open Sea / Ocean, the use of DEPLs in the underwater mode will be extremely limited to a small running distance and the need to be asked for launching diesel power installation and recharging batteries. The emergence in the conditions of combat duty of the anti-submarine aircraft P-8a "Poseidon" and the reconnaissance UGS MQ-4C "TRITON", which scanned the water surface for the presence of logs and snorkels of our submarine may, is extremely risky need. As you can see, the creation of the zone "A2 / AD" in the littoral area has a number of advantages.
The defensive capabilities of NAK on the southern operational direction before the initiation of anti-heart and anti-submarine "Kostykov" in the South China Sea. The essentialness of the Australian territory in the process of creating a US Air Force Uniform for confrontation with China
A similar list of "A2 / AD" zones is compiled by the Pentagon and for the Asia-Pacific region. They belong exclusively to the People's Republic of China. To date, these zones cover almost all the waters of the yellow and eastern Chinese seas (from the east coast of the PRC to the territorial waters of Taiwan and Japan in the area of \u200b\u200bSpratley's disputed archipelago), which are included in the "first chain" of strategically important borders of the PRC in the Pacific direction. The "first chain" is the near 300-500-kilometer borders in accordance with the concept of "three chains" described in the "White Book" of NAK. Most of the operational and tactical moments provided for by the concept of "three chains", for a minimum of at least a half decades will fully comply with the realities of a possible Chinese-American conflict in the Asia-Pacific region.
Meanwhile, to put the section of the Chinese zone "A2 / AD" in the area of \u200b\u200bthe controversial archipelagoes of Diaoyudao and sprouted for one level with similar operational and strategic "departures" of Russia in the Baltic and Kola operational directions, it is still very early. The US naval forces, together with the forces of the self-defense of Japan, make it possible to infringe the regional ambitions of Beijing even in the near sea zone of the "first chain", not to mention the borders of the "second chain" "Guam Saipan". Official Washington, having received a convenient and "irrefutable" Alibi, which consists in protecting the pro-American states of the APR and Southeast Asia from the "Rocket Threat" by the DPRK and territorial claims of Beijing, opened this Card Blancher on the large-scale militarization of this unpredictable region. But one just the cover of the above states of the United States is not limited to. The main purpose of the card-blanche is to create an advanced military infrastructure of the shock profile, intended for the "breakthrough" of the main defensive borders of the People's Liberation Army in the event of an escalation of regional conflict.
For this purpose, the US Navy regularly strengthen the operational and tactical capabilities of the 7th fleet, the main objects of which are represented by major naval databases of Yokosuka (Japan) and APRA (GUAM). As can be seen by the example of the North Korean "nuclear program", any leap of the degree of tension in the region leads to arrival in this section of the Pacific Ocean two or three reinforced aircraft carrier groups in 3 Nimitz class aircraft carriers (Gerald Ford will add), 3-6 cruisers of the class "Ticonderoga" and about 6 ARLEIGH BURKE EM.
The US Defense Specialists are well aware of all the risks associated with the possible activation of the Chinese fleet and Air Force on the Pacific TVD and off the coast of Indochina, and therefore are configured by the technological adaptation of the Australian tyndal airbase under unlimited basing of the B-1B-Lancer strategic missilers. On these plans have repeatedly reported in 2015-2016 on Western news resources. Lancers make it possible to put point blows to the tactical CD of a large range of AGM-158B Jassm-ER on the military infrastructure on the island of Hainan, as well as on the entire southern coast of the PRC with frontiers located above the central part of the South China Sea.
At the same time, the number of suspension nodes allows you to be placed on each B-1B to 24 winged missiles of this type, while the B-2a "Spirit" nodes are calculated only on 16 Jassm-ER, which makes from the first ideal strategic impact complex for the implementation of the massive Rocket and aviation strike with ultra-low heights. Moreover, despite the "silence" of official sources in the Pentagon and Boeing company, which today serves and modernizes the "strategic" data, they will also be able to apply for "behead" testing operations against Chinese ship and aircraft carrier drum groups, where "Single Calibrome "Will be a long-range minority PCR AGM-158C LRASM, developed on the basis of Jassm-Er. Thus, 20 "Lancers" are carriers of 480 low-cost LRASM PCR or JSSM-ER CR, which will become a very good argument, even taking into account the availability of the National Assembly of the PRC advanced EM URO Type 52D equipped with Bius H / ZBJ-1 and multichannel Ship SPC HHQ-9 .
A no less indicative detail is also previously voiced plans for the transfer of all the same ABB Tyndal of Strategic Tankers KC-10A "Extender". Now this information is almost forgotten about this information, but the fact remains a fact. The transfer of the largest aircraft-tankers of the US Air Force into this region is necessary Washington as air, because the battle radius of the strategic missile racket B-1B "Lancer" is 5000 km, which will allow only to go out on the frontiers of the launch of the Jassm-Er / LraSM winged missiles, and Then immediately return to the tyndal air base, while the operational and strategic situation may require long-term barrage of bombers over the Philippine and South China seas waiting for any actions from the Chinese fleet. The fact is that in addition to standard strategic shock functions, the B-1B "Lancer" is able to perform long-term combat duty, watching the actions of the enemy. For optical-electronic and radiotechnical exploration, Lancers have 3 main tools:
- advanced irradiation warning station by enemy radars (SPO) AN / ALR-56M (the station is part of the An / AlQ-161 onboard defensive complex together with the ALQ-214 Idecm Reb station and towed radiators of electronic interference AN / ALE-50) ; In an AN / ALR-56M information base, loaded on special drives, there are data on the frequency modes of operation of several hundred overview and multifunctional radars of marine / ground / air bases of the enemy;
- onboard radar from the Passive headlight AN / APQ-164, capable of working in the modes of the synthesized aperture (with high-precision mapping of the earth's surface and identification of small-sized land purposes), accompanying the moving ground targets (GMTI), as well as the low probability of the interception of a radio signal with high-speed PPRC (LPI );
- Suspended container optical-electronic target complex AN / AAQ-33 "Sniper-ATP" ("Advanced Targeting Pod"), which allows to obtain high-resolution images in television and infrared visiting channels; It is also possible to maintain a long video of reconnable objects with a resolution of 1080p and the simultaneous use of 30-50 times optical zoom.
Strategic B-1B Rocket Bomber with a suspended container optical-electronic complex of observation and targeting "Sniper-ATP"
Despite the low supersonic velocity B-1B (1,2m), on the sectocentric theater of combat operations of the XXI century, this car looks more than worthy due to advanced onboard radio electronic equipment, which allows the widest range of tasks. That is why the service life is extended until 2040. On the soil of the above, there may be quite an adequate question: why provide the cars to ABB Tyndal, receiving additional "headache" and financial expenses for expensive material and technical support of the KC-10A "Extender" when you can deploy them much closer, for example, On one of the air base of the air defense of Japan? This is explained simple enough.
All airbases located on the territory of Japan and South Korea are under the greatest risk of response massive rocket strike from the Navy and the Air Force of the PRC, as well as the 2nd Artillery Corps of NAK, at the disposal of which there is a huge number of ballistic missiles of the DF-3A / C Designed to apply strikes on the island military infrastructure of the US Armed Forces within a radius of 1750 - 3000 km (within the first and second "chains"). Moreover, the army of the Middle Kingdom has several hundreds of strategic winged rockets of ground and air bases of the CJ-10 family (DH-10) with a range of about 2500 km, which are analogues of "Calibers" and "Tomahawkov". Single integrated impact of covered missiles and BRSD in the amount of 300 - 500 units. It will be enough to disregard all the Korea of \u200b\u200bthe US Air Force objects in Japan and the Republic. At the same time, due to remoteness from the Chinese coast of 800 - 1000 km, Americans will not save even a few dozen "Igeis" -cakes with anti-missions SM-3/6, as well as covering Japanese airbases Anti-missile systems Thaad and "Patriot PAC-3" After all, the birth rates of "Dunfen" and "Swords" will be only a few minutes: no more than three minutes will remain on the interception.
Another thing is the remote Australian Tyndal Air Base, on the way to which, in the seas of Suul, Sulassi, Banda and the Timor Sea, you can build four ship missile stakes from the set of "IJIS" -ESming "Arly Burk" with the simultaneous "connection" of the new Australian EM Uro "Hobbart". As you can see, Australia is a much more protected American outpost for the basing of strategic aviation in the APR, rather than springheads of Japan and the Republic of Korea. Notable and the fact that the remaining instability in relations between the PRC and Indonesia will play on the hand between China and Indonesia, the reason for which Jakarta's discontent is the actions of the crews of China's Navy Patrol Ships in the Riaau Archipelago area. The benefit is that in the case of a large conflict, Indonesians will not only not prevent the US Navy in the inner seas in the inner seas of the archipelago, but also can provide its territory for the US CMP / SSO, etc., which is very strong "complicates Life "Beijing.
While the global impact command of the US Air Force is preparing to the beginning of the development of a new safe air harbor for B-1B in the Northern Territory of Australia, continues to increase the degree of tension in the South China Sea, where Beijing, on quite understandable grounds (from the position of the superpower), continues Challenge the belonging of the Island Archipelago of Sprati and Parasiel Islands, which claims such as Brunei, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan. In the immediate vicinity of airspace over Sprati, regular patrols are carried out by the P-8A Pooseidon P-8A Navy forces of the US Navy, pronounced the sea depths for the presence of Chinese MAPL and DEPL using the magnetic anomalous tail sensor, as well as visually observing any activity of Chinese military servicemen On the artificial islands with the help of turret optical electronic complexes MX-20HD. Over the past 2 years, a number of incidents have also been noted with the participation of the Arley Burck class destroyers, which caused Protests in Official Beijing.
The most seriously Chinese alerted the incident that occurred on December 16, 2016, when the USNS research vessel USNS "Bowditch" took an attempt to explore the underwater space of the South China Sea (North-West Subit-Bay Bay) with a small-sized unmanned submarine hydroacoustic complex " Slocum G2 Glider. " Despite the fact that the command of the Pacific Fleet of the US Navy argued that it was a non-discovered operation, its real purpose remained a mystery. One of the most believable versions can be a hydroacoustic study of the design of the bottom before the upcoming arrival in Bitendong of American multi-purpose nuclear submarines of the "Virginia" classes, Ohio (in the shock modification of SSGN plandle), with possible support from supermalloshummer DEPL. 636.3 "Warshavyanka" Consisting of Vietnam Navy. All these tricks were not ignored from Beijing, and in the summer of 2017, a worthy asymmetric answer was followed, which began to rapidly shifty the balance of power in Southeast Asia towards the subway.
The first signs of the formation of the Bitendong Zone A2 / AD in the South China Sea
In particular, on June 22, 2017, the military analytical resource "Military parity" with reference to the news edition of Defensenews.com, published a message about the deployment on one of the air bases of the island Hainan anti-submarine aircraft Y-8Q (in the amount of 4 or more units) , as well as unmanned reconnaissance drones of a large range "Harbin" BZK-005 and a long-range radar detection and control aircraft at the Linshui Air Basket (southeast coast of the island). At first glance, quite ordinary, according to Chinese standards, an event pointing to the fact that Noak does not plan to sit back with an increase in operational-strategic pressure from the US Navy. Yes, such a interpretation is very accurate, but if you deepen in the subtleties of the question, - then we have the final phase of the creation of the first most full-fledged and echelonized so-called "Bitendong zone A2 / A2", which indicates the rapid "expulsion" of the American fleet from the central part of South -Wistha, where and the Archipelago of Spratley and Parasiel Islands are located.
Big resonance in Southeast Asia has caused events that have come across 18 to 24 February 2016. Then it was decided to deploy two HQ-9 anti-aircraft missions on the island of UNCDA (Woody), which is part of the Parasiel archipelago. Already just this moment, the possibilities of patrol aviation of the US Navy were noticeably in neutral airspace over the South China Sea. These divisions have been formed practically solid (not counting the low-base section) "Anti-missile umbrella" along with HQ-9 batteries on Hainan's island, thanks to the deck aviation of the US Navy and Vietnam Air Force instantly lost opportunities for total air control over paracetelean islands.
Dashboard of the upgraded multi-purpose fighter J-11B. In addition to the installation of advanced indication equipment, these machines are equipped with a perfect onboard armament management complex, which allows you to quickly adapt the numerous modifications of rocket-bombing weapons, for example, controlled overnight air combat missiles PL-15 or PL-21D with a range of 300 and 150 km, respectively. Present in the interface of the dashboard of the pilot, the terminal of the exchange of tactical information with more powerful radar means will allow you to start the above missiles on remote air targets, even if the on-board radar with slit AR cannot detect it. J-11B is a fully setacentric machine. The promising modification of the J-11D (photo below) created on the SU-27C base, and improved by the recently acquired Su-35s, can receive radars from the FFAR and AFAR: the fighter will enter into a 3 ++ generation.
On 5 color indicators of the Chinese fighter, a much larger number of tactical information can be displayed than on the same monochrome ELT display SU-33 (this is a tactical map with terrain, and the displayed markers of surface / terrestrial air defense agents with alleged overwhelms of action, and Reb stations , etc.). The same nomenclature is used as a weapon of the air-air class as JH-7A. In the same time, the onboard radar radars on the J-11B has much large diameter and energy capabilities, allowing to detect the target of the type "F / A-18E / F with a suspension" at a distance of about 130 km. Consequently, the J-11B today is an extremely serious competitor for the US Navy's deck aviation. In the future, all existing J-11Bs can be communicated to the modification of "D", which provides for the equipment of the on-board radar with a passive / active phased antenna grid, the range of which can reach 250 - 300 km by the target type "Fighter" (EPR \u003d 3 m2) . As an example, the "Irbis-E" radars obtained by the subway together with two ordered SU-35S squadrons can be used as an example.
Advanced J-11B to Junxindao Island makes it possible not only to regularly patrol the airspace with two controversial archipelagoes, but also accompany the aircraft RDDN KJ-500, deployed on the island of Hainan. In the event that the number of enemy's deck aviation forces all the fighter squadrons based on island air bases, the covering of digesting KJ-500 can be naked on the shoulders of anti-aircraft-rocket divisions HQ-9. In accordance with all the above, we see clearly built anti-heart and anti-developing components of the Bitendong zone A2 / AD, but there is also an underwater component, which provides for the creation of an underwater "falling", consisting of: diesel-electric submarines, diesel-sterling Electrical submarine with air-dependent energy installation, anti-submarine carrier aircraft, depth bombs, as well as surface wars, equipped with antiothoprum rocket-torpedo complexes. It is this component and began to strengthen in June 2017.
Its air component is represented by 4-hinning turboprop anti-sidelines Y-8Q, some of which are replicated to Hainan. The machine can perform patrol operations with a duration of 8 to 11 hours and has a radius of action about 2,800 km, which is 36% less than at the State P-3C "Orion". However, the y-8Q cargo compartment accommodates more than 100 radio-boiling buoys SQ-5 "Sonobuoys", which is sufficient to hold control over the underwater area of \u200b\u200bmore than 5000 km2 (depending on the hydroacoustic qualities of the lobilable submarines). Unlike "Orion" whose crew is 11 people, Y-8Q requires only 7-8 people, among which, apparently, 2-3 pilots and 5 operators of systems carrying out the reception and decoding of acoustic information obtained by protected radio channels With RGB, as well as additional information from the magnetic anomalies detector, the nasal radar complex for viewing the water surface, third-party target designation, etc. On the technological sketches of the Y-8Q placed in the Chinese Internet, you can pay attention to the presence of a turret optical-electronic surveillance complex immediately in front of the cargo compartment. Working in television and infrared channels, this turret is not the worst analogue of the American MX-20HD, and is capable of passive mode to reconcile small-sized high-resolution objects on a few tens of kilometers.
Aviation Radio Hydroacoustic Buys of the SQ-5 SONOBUOYS families
Internal weapons compartments are designed for a mass of combat load of about 10 tons, which can be included as antique missiles YU-7 (possessing active-passive hydroacoustic GSNs), antique missiles and mines, and specialized "smart" underwater drones of the UUV type "Haiyan" ("PETREL-II HUG"), capable of carrying out continuous hydroacoustic and visual scanning of underwater space, attention, during the month! The underwater glider with a length of 1800 and a diameter of 300 mm has a mass of 70 kg and is able to immerse themselves at huge depths (up to 1500 m) and has a stroke of about 1000 km. The underwater reconnaissance drone has a maximum speed of 3 nodes with a compact tail proportion, as well as 0.8 node when planning in underwater flows. As for the podium-sided side radar in the radio transparent detergent (placed in the nasal part of the Chinese anti-herineal aircraft), then it has the same qualities as the American AN / APY-10 (P-8a "Poseidon"): there are a synthesized aperture mode, as well as the possibility Detection of small-sized targets like "periscope".
Looking at the anti-submarine capabilities of the Y-8Q aircraft it becomes clear that the American "IJIS" -Craser / destroyers, with their vanishing hydroacoustic complexes AN / SQQ-89 (V) 10-15, are not rates, exactly as "Poseidones". The smaller operator composition Y-8Q, given the superior information capabilities of the search engines, indicates a more perfect and high-performance computing base of the Chinese "Chinese", and therefore any conversion reflections of pseudo-analysts on the complete backwardness of Chinese electronics from Western looks like a complete nonsense. Yes, there is some backlog in terms of Afar-Radarov, as well as in the field of casting monocrystalline turbine blades by the directional crystallization using a nickel-tungsten seed, but also from this situation, China will very soon find the output. What is only worth the creation of a perspective wear and heat-resistant niobium-titanium aluminum alloy, which has almost 2 times less density, but identical strength. The alloy was created by the summer of 2012 due to the 20-year studies of the state laboratory of promising metals and materials of the PRC. Let's return to the anti-submarine component of the "A2 / AD" zone in the South China Sea.
To be continued...
Ctrl ENTER
Noticed Osh BKU Highlight the text and click Ctrl + Enter.
The Agency for Prospective Defense Research Development of the United States (DARPA) has signed contracts with the giants of the American Military Industrial Complex (MIC) Lockheed Martin and Raytheon for testing a new American "Super Build" - a project called Code (Collaborative Operationsin Denied Environment-Joint Operations in areas of prohibited access). The concept of Code is such - "swarm" unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which are actively exchanged by information with each other, as well as with a single command item, "breaks through" in the so-called Anti-Access / Area-Denial zones (A2 / AD), and Suppresses priority goals, such as complexes of radio electronic struggle (RES) and anti-aircraft missile systems. This is demonstrated on video recording with computer models.
Zones Anti-Access / Area-Denial Russia and China - one of the main "headacles" of the USA
As for the concept of A2 / AD, it is often used in the West, and denotes the territory on which opposition to the penetration of the forces of the enemy is carried out and, at the same time, restricting the efficiency of armaments by breaking the troops (if any). A good example of such a zone is the Russian database of Hmeimim in Syria, which is simultaneously covered with anti-aircraft missile complexes (SPC) of the long-range Radius of the C-400, anti-aircraft rocket and cannon complexes (SRRK) "Pentes-C1" and the newest systems of Reb "Krasuha-4" . Such a combination allows you to create a zone with a radius of 200 km (Rocket C-400, which allows you to shoot down the goals at distances up to 400 km have not yet been adopted by arms), in which the opponent's aviation is almost powerless. In recent years, the US military, as well as their NATO colleagues, constantly suggest that China, and, in particular, Russia, have learned to create very powerful A2 / AD zones, considering this fact as one of the main available military challenges.
Thus, the creation of weapons and concepts to break through the defense of these "forbidden" zones, while not losing, for example, most of the aircraft carrier, is one of the priority tasks of Americans.
"Roy" of drone - a new execution of ideas of 1970-1980
Within the framework of Code, a whole group of drone, each of which can have a different purpose (intelligence, percussion, "kamikadze", etc.) must manage only one person from the command item. Developers want to achieve this by increasing the autonomy of drone drifts to "Roe" - they must detect themselves and recognize the enemy's goals, as well as differentiate them by priority, immediately sending this information to the rest of the UAV in the group and command post. Further, goals should attack the optimal way - after processing the information received.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe recognition of opponents according to the available information about them in the memory of the carrier and the automatic definition of the priority of the goals were implemented in the Soviet anti-develop missiles of P-700 Granit, the development of which began in 1969. Adopted the same rocket in 1983. The maximum range of defeat goals for this PCR is 600 km. At the same time, if there is a volley shooting "granites", for example, according to the aircraft shock group, flying with the supersonic speed of the rocket with their radar, the enemy's ships are found, compare the received information from the database available in its database, while determining the types of ships, exchange the received information determine the most priority goals and optimally distribute them together. Similarly, another Russian heavy PCR PKR P-1000 "Volcano" is also valid.
Thus, the use of elements of artificial intelligence in the sphere of weapons is not a new concept. However, huge progress in the field of microelectronics, in combination with the advent of high-resolution digital video cameras, makes it possible to achieve new heights in this area. If earlier the tasks of the similar in the Code project were technically impossible, now they are already implemented.
Code is not fully protected from RES
The Code project, in the form in which he was presented by Darpa, there are a number of serious questions. If we are talking about a breakthrough of A2 / AD zones, then their most important element, as we have already said are Rabs. Modern radio electronic struggle means are able to fight the UAV, violating the radio channels by interference, according to which management is carried out from the command item, simultaneously signals from navigation satellites can be suppressed (or more interesting, to replace with false GPS data).
In the case of the "Roy" of the drone, communication channels are available both between the UAVs themselves and with the command item. Even considering the increased autonomy of these drones, a big question, how they will be able to conduct effective fighting in the conditions of active RES. Moreover, at the same time, the SPR and SRRK of a small radius of action will work with the UAV.
Another, an even more serious problem, to use Code will be a weapon generating a powerful electromagnetic pulse (AM). Strong perturbations of the electromagnetic field completely "devil" communication, and also destroy the unshielded components of electronics. The same effect is one of the striking factors of a nuclear explosion. According to available information, several samples of Emi Weapons are being developed in Russia.
As a result, as we see, "Panacea" from all misfortunes again will not work - Code is perfect for the war with most countries from the world, but not with advanced players in the world of weapons, such as Russia, which already have, or in The future will create modern RES funds, and even more so am-weapons.
Recently, leading Western publications please Russian readers with loud headlines with no less scandalous content. That: "Russian military forces in their current state are able to capture Tallinn and Riga in less than 60 hours," then: "The forces of the North Atlantic Alliance are not able to protect the Eastern borders of the EU in the face of Russia," and recently BILD decided to go even further and that Russia would need only one night to capture Poland in case of an attack.
Despite the seemingly unfounded nature of such materials, there are serious studies behind them, quite reputable "Cantor" like ATLANTIC COUNCIL or RAND CORPORATION. As a rule, in simulated scenarios of hypothetical hostilities, a set of characters "A2 / AD" very often appears, which, according to Western analysts, has solving the impact on the balance of power in the region.
But what is the reason for the appearance and constant use in the context of Russia? We will try to figure out what it means, and what is the point of investing the creators.
Under the A2 / AD abbreviation, the term Anti-Access / Area-Denial is implied (literally: reveaving access / blocking zone). Under it usually understands certain territory where today's strategy of the US Armed Forces will not be able to actually fully, and the troops themselves will be in a vulnerable position.
Initially, he was invented by the Pentagon in order to describe the set of weapons of the Chinese People's Republic, which are able to block access to the western part of the Pacific Ocean or level the ability to perform operations in this, vital for the interests of the United States, region.
In order to better understand the nature of the US concerns about such zones, it should be a little plunge into history.
From the very beginning of the Cold War, the position of Europe and the United States on the European TVD were extremely vulnerable. The huge armored Soviet fist threatened to smear NATO's strength throughout the length of the border with the countries of the Warsaw Treaty.
The US symmetrical answer was not able to, at least based on the impossibility of logistics the transfer and functioning of such a number of troops and technology. Therefore, the main USA doctrine on the confrontation of the huge power of the USSR was based on an asymmetric response and was embodied in the so-called first "compensatory strategy".
She assumed to make a bet on nuclear weapons and a constant conviction, the whole world that the current president of the United States is not quite in the freaks with his head and is ready to click on the "red" button at any time.
Subsequently, it was replaced by the "second compensation strategy" existed in the 1970s and 1980s. She relied on the Airland Battle doctrine which provided for the establishment of domination in the air and the use of high-precision weapons for the possibility of counter-blitzkrig in relation to the Soviet Union. Including with the help of small groups of special operations using the stagnation tactics of the "bee roe" (Swarming).
The Soviet Union also did not sit without a case. The main response was the development of mobile air defense systems, fighter aircraft, shrovers of ships - in order to reduce the attempt to counter the maneuverable parts of the ground forces.
As a result, two completely different types of armies were formed. A huge iron "rink", supported by reactive artillery and assault aviation, ready for any minute to make a way to La Mansu and expeditionual forces capable of moving by the sea, but extremely vulnerable without support for aviation in the fleet.
AIRLAND BATTLE did his viability of the Doctor of Airland Battle during the operation of the "Storm in the Desert" when the significant potential of Saddam's armored compound was neutralized due to the air force using high-precision weapons.
F / A-18F Super Hornet Aircraft Refuelling from a raaf KC-30A MULTI ROLE TANKER TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT ABOVE A CITY IN IRAQ. Hoto / Australian Defence / Sergeant Hamish Paterson »
After the disintegration of the Union and the transition of the world to a unipolar model, this paradigm has become basic for the implementation of power scenarios on the crossroads of the global geopolitical card.
In the future, the possibilities of the United States in dominance on the battlefield expanded due to the developed network of satellites, a multiple increase in the possibilities of collecting and transferring information, a developed system of communications and unhindered domination in cyberspace.
Under conditions, when all the "black work" took aircraft with the support of the fleet, the land forces were increasingly focused on mobility, flexibility and rapid transformation of troops as part of a reaction to geopolitical threats. In the light of "Global War On Terror", the structure of most divisions was transformed into reinforced riflers adapted to the counter-insurgency companies and became more reminding "advanced" police forces than the army, in a classical understanding.
Judge for yourself: In 2009, a plan for creating a modular type army was adopted. The highest tactical compound was a brigade. All combat brigades shared on heavy, "Stryker" and light infantry (here are included and landing)
Of the 31st Army Brigade (by 2017, they are planned to be further reduced to 30) only 9 remained heavy (they have 90 M1 Abrams tanks and somewhere 130 BMP M2 Bradley) the rest are 14 light-step brigades (on Hummvee and touched lungs Gaubins, where armored vehicles are absent in principle) and another 7 "Stryker" brigades (for weapons the same + about 300 BTR STRYKER, the bulk of which is armed with 12.7 mm. machine gun M2 browning and 40 mm. automatic grenade launcher MK 19).
The brigade artillery is represented by 3 batteries of 8 guns (155 mM SAU M109 for "heavy" brigades, 120 mm M777 GABIC for "Stryker" Brigades, 1 Battery 120 mm M777 M777 Batteries and 2 Batteries 105 mm M119 M119 Batteries for Light Infantry Brigades). RSZO (M142 Himmars and M270 MLRS) are in service with another 4 separate artillery brigades.
In the building of the marines, things are even more "deplorable". Because of the body, it is precisely as expeditionary forces capable of operational transformation on various TVIDs, it is "facilitated" to the maximum. On 3 divisions (one truncated composition), there are only 2 tank battalions (M1A1 Abrams) and 6 mechanized (3 on wheels LAV-25 and tracked AAV-P7), and the RSZO is in service with only two artillery battalions.
However, with the classic scenario of conquest of domination in the air and the suppression of air defense, a flurry of air strikes must destroy the command centers and communication systems paralyzing the control of troops, the next victim should be artillery and tactical missile parts, and the A-10 and AH-64 squadrons remains to complete the case , Fasters to the "edible mince" armored fist of a potential opponent.
The remaining disunity and disintegrated forces will already become easy prey for the ground component of the US Armed Forces, comfortably maneuvering in the conditions of domination in information and intelligence space.
The meaning and the main danger of the A2 / AS zones is precisely that developed, the echelonized air defense systems of all levels (far, middle and diploma), advanced Rabs and cyberatics systems create a kind of "bubble", which guarantees the cover of this area from "domination" US Air Force (as well as, possibly satellite grouping) at a certain time.
In turn, under the cover of this "bubble" system of anti-workers, tactical missile systems and the RSZO "roll" the ground and marine component of opposing armed forces, not allowing them to develop the initiative.
In total, these factors create practically ideal conditions for the use of tactical compounds, where the rate is made on the daggey strikes of tank and mechanized parts in conditions of large-scale support for artillery and the RSZO, which is so famous for the Russian army.
Such a situation creates so serious risks for the US Air Force that the Pentagon is already launching a number of expensive programs capable of "compensating" these critical vulnerabilities in the military doctrine of the United States.
The fundamental role in these plans is played by the strategy "" (the third compensation) developed by CSBA (the center of strategic and budget estimates).
It proposes first of all to focus on unmanned operations, which include the development of poorly promising perspective BIG Distance, including the possibility of marine based and family of combat unmanned aviation systems.
The latter implies the creation of "" drones integrated into a single network (within the system of systems of systems of system of systems (SOS), built on the principle of "open architectures capable of helping American aviation to overcome the air defense of the enemy.
The second component is a massive transition to the "stealth" aviation, which is not so "sensitive" to the zones A2 / AD as the aircraft of previous generations.
The F-35 and F-22 aircraft exceed the fourth-generation aircraft from the point of view of unimprovability, however, they have a small radius of action. Many experts believe that F-35 is imperfect even from the point of view of stealth technologies, therefore the United States focused on creating a class of low-speed bombers of increased range, which will allow you to quickly and globally to react to the actions of the enemy at considerable distances).
Despite the fact that the A2 / AD strategy takes into account atomic shock submarines, it is difficult for them to resist. Therefore, the Pentagon attaches special importance to unmanned underwater systems.
In addition, faced with the possibility of starters, the leadership of the Ministry of Defense began developing equipment and technologies for the protection of orbital satellites, and recently a joint center for comprehensive space operations was opened.
The Pentagon in the current year will spend $ 22 billion on space programs, plus an additional five billion dollars. Two billion from this amount will go to "", which includes completely secret.
The main objective of the implementation of the Third Offset strategy is to form a global surveillance system and impact. Which, in turn, will allow not to depend on the bases located close to the enemy and act without constant support from space; with high efficiency to strike a blows for several hours; Elasticly influence different situations around the world.
In this case, it is possible to give an Assymmetric A2 / AD strategy response without significant losses, for its part.
Well, while it is only plans, the defense department remains to hope that the elections will benefit the Trump and watch the night capture of Poland will not be due to the trenches somewhere near Krakow, and comfortably walking popcorn at the Ramstein airbase)
