Message about the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. History of Russia from Rurik to Putin! To love your Motherland means to know it! Battle of Saltanovka
The war with Napoleon became a national war for Russia - the army helped stop the army of the “little general” ordinary people. The confrontation with the French gave birth to many heroes, whose names are still known today.
Petr Ivanovich Bagration
This Russian commander Georgian origin was the author of one of the plans for defense against Napoleonic troops. However, the emperor did not accept him, which almost became the reason for the defeat of the Russian army. She was saved from this by the same Bagration and Barclay de Tolly, who united the two fronts into one.
Rice. 1. Bagration.
Pyotr Ivanovich supported Kutuzov’s plan for a general battle on the Borodino field and was mortally wounded in this battle. The commander was taken to his estate, where he died.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly
This Russian commander was Scottish by origin. He also took the initiative to repel the French attack, even before it began open war. On his initiative, many fortresses were built, but the emperor did not accept the most important one - distributing instructions to the military commander in case of an attack.
When Napoleon invaded Russia, de Tolly commanded the Western army and, uniting with Bagration, did not allow the French to completely defeat the army. However, he was soon removed from the post of commander - he was replaced by Kutuzov.
After the Battle of Borodino, he received the Order of St. George, and after the death of Kutuzov, he completed his work of defeating the French army - it was under his command that the Russian army entered Paris. Emperor Alexander rewarded him with a princely title.
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Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov
In 1812, when the Patriotic War began, he was in tense relations with the emperor, who decided not to trust him with overall command. Instead, Kutuzov was appointed responsible for the people's militia in St. Petersburg, for which he became famous, because it was the actions of the partisans that significantly undermined not only the strength, but also the morale of the French.
It was he who made the decision to give the enemy a battle on the Borodino field and then another, much more difficult one - to leave Moscow. It caused a lot of criticism, but ultimately broke Napoleon and caused unrest in his army. He died in 1813, before the complete defeat of Napoleonic army, but even then it was clear that this would not have long to wait. Kutuzov was buried in St. Petersburg.
Rice. 2. Kutuzov.
There were other heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, known not only for their exploits, but also distinguished themselves in other ways.
Denis Davydov
It was he who proposed to Bagration the idea of forming partisan detachments and took upon himself the implementation of this initiative. On September 1, 1812, their first raid took place, and on November 4 they captured several French generals. For his exploits he received the Order of St. George, and after retiring he began writing poetry.
Nadezhda Andreevna Durova
The only female soldier in the Russian army, by the time the war began she had already served for six years, since 1806. Durova met 1812 with the rank of second lieutenant of the Uhlan regiment and participated in many iconic battles of the Patriotic War, including Borodino, where she was wounded but survived. In September 1812, she became an orderly at Kutuzov's headquarters. In 1816, she retired and wrote memoirs about her service, especially the events of the War of 1812.
Alexander Khristoforovich was born on June 23, 1783 in St. Petersburg into the family of a nobleman. He was educated at the Jesuit school of Abbot Nocol. In 1798 Benckendorff began military service with the rank of non-commissioned officer of the Semenovsky regiment. Already in December 1798 he became the aide-de-camp of Paul the First with the rank of ensign. In 1803-1804, he took part in military operations in the Caucasus under the leadership of Tsitsianov. For distinction in the battles for Ganja, as well as in battles with the Lezgins, he was awarded the Order of St. Anne, fourth degree, and St. Vladimir, fourth degree.
The Patriotic War of 1812 left in Russian history many exploits of a variety of people. Among the heroes of 1812 there are simple peasant partisans, soldiers, officers, and even the Russian clergy. Now we will talk about the Russian priest Vasily Vasilkovsky.
Our hero was born in 1778. In 1804 he graduated from theological seminary, became a priest and was sent to serve in the Elias Church in the city of Sumy. The priest's life was not easy. His wife died, the priest was left alone with his young son. In the summer of 1810, Vasilkovsky was appointed regimental shepherd of the 19th Jaeger Regiment. The head of the regiment, Colonel Zagorsky, could not get enough of the new priest and noted his excellent education. Vasilkovsky was strong in physics, mathematics, history, geography, and knew several foreign languages. In general, he was a talented and versatile person.
By the Patriotic War of 1812, Stepan Balabin already had considerable combat experience:from 1778, that is, from the year of his entry into service, and to 1785fought with the “non-peaceful” highlanders beyond the Kuban. Participated in the militaryexpeditions, in protecting the state border, which passed alonglines of Russian fortifications in the North Caucasus. Was well knownwith a camp life.
Stepan Fedorovich took part in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791 and received the rank of centurion for military distinction. He distinguished himself in the battle on the Kinburn Spit, in which Suvorov's troops almost completely destroyed the Janissary landing. He bravely and bravely took the fight, participating in hand-to-hand combat.
Stepan Fedorovich took part in the battles for the Bendery fortress in the GZD year, one of the strongest strongholds Ottoman Ports in the Northern Black Sea region. Then the Don Cossack received a saber wound in the shoulder, but remained in the regimental ranks.
He went to the attack of the impregnable Izmail in 1790 in a Cossack assault column already with the rank of centurion. Then he received a bullet wound in the leg. The Cossack officer was rewarded for the glorious Izmail cause for Russian weapons with the Golden Cross “For Izmail”, which was given to those who distinguished themselves by order of Empress Catherine II on the St. George Ribbon. In the same year, Stepan Fedorovich received the rank of army lieutenant.
Mikhail Arsenyev's baptism of fire occurred in the wars against Napoleonic France. His regiment, for its valor in the Battle of Austerlitz, received standards of a special type “For Distinction” with the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and the inscription “For the capture of the enemy’s banner at Austerlitz.” Then the cavalry guards distinguished themselves in attacks on the fields of Gutstadt and Friedland. The chief of the regiment was Tsarevich (heir to the throne) Konstantin Pavlovich.
In August 1807, Mikhail Arsenyev was promoted to colonel of the guard. His service went well, and in March 1812 he was appointed commander of the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, with which he entered the Patriotic War. A regiment containing four squadrons; 39 officers, 742 lower ranks, was part of the 1st Cuirassier Division of the 5th Infantry Corps.
The Life Guards Horse Regiment became one of the heroes of Borodin's day, being among those troops who courageously defended the center of the Russian position. When Emperor Napoleon finally decided to break the resistance of the enemy army at any cost, he ordered the entire mass of his cavalry to break through the center of its location. French and Saxon warriors began to deliver “ramming” attacks.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky is a famous Russian commander, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Nikolai Raevsky was born on September 14, 1771, in Moscow. Nikolai was a sickly boy.
Raevsky was raised by his mother's parents; he spent a lot of time in their house. Here he received his education and knew French perfectly.
Nikolai Raevsky began serving in the Russian army in 1786, at the age of 14, in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment.
A year later, in 1787, the war with Turkey began. Raevsky is sent to the theater of operations as a volunteer. Nicholas was assigned to the active Russian army, in Cossack detachment, under the command of Orlov.
During the Turkish War of 1787 - 1791, Raevsky proved himself to be a brave and courageous warrior, and participated in many difficult battles of that military campaign.
In 1792, he was awarded the rank of colonel in the Russian army. For his participation in the Russian-Polish War of 1792, Raevsky received the Order of St. George, fourth degree, and the Order of St. Vladimir, fourth degree.
Matvey Ivanovich Platov is a famous Russian military leader, a participant in many campaigns, one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
He was born in 1751, in the village of Starocherkasskaya, in the family of a military foreman. Matvey Ivanovich received the usual primary education, and at the age of 13 he entered military service.
At the age of 19 he went to the first war in his life with Turkey. In battles with the Turks, he showed bravery and courage, for which he was promoted to captain of the Russian army, and became the commander of the Cossack hundred.
The war continued - new battles, new exploits, new successes. Platov became a military foreman and commanded a regiment. But he was still very young, he was just over 20 years old.
In 1774, Matvey Ivanovich gained fame in the Russian army. His soldiers were surrounded by the Crimean Khan, accompanied by transport convoys.
Platov set up a camp, erected fortifications, and managed to repel several dashing enemy attacks. Soon reinforcements arrived. After this event he was awarded a gold medal.
Ivan Ivanovich Dibich is a famous Russian commander, one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Unfortunately, few people know the name of Dibich today, although there is one very remarkable fact in the biography of this wonderful man.
Ivan Dibich complete gentleman Order of St. George, and there are only four of them in Russian history - Kutuzov, Barclay de Tolly, Paskevich and Dibich.
Ivan Ivanovich Dibich was the son of a Prussian army officer who transferred to Russian service. Diebitsch was born in the spring of 1785 in Silesia, and grew up there.
Ivan Ivanovich received his education in Berlin cadet corps. During his studies, Dibich showed himself to be an extraordinary person.
In 1801, Dibich's father achieved serious success in his service in the Russian army and became a lieutenant general. At the same time, the father assigned his son to the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment, with the rank of ensign.
Soon a series of wars broke out with Napoleonic France. Ivan Dibich received his first combat experience on the battlefields of Austerlitz.
The Battle of Asterlitz was lost, but the courage and perseverance of Russian soldiers and officers in this battle could only be envied.
There are many examples in Russian history when women, on an equal footing with men, defended Russia from enemy hordes with weapons in their hands.
We will talk about a simple Russian woman - Nadezhda Andreevna Durova, who dedicated her life to serving the Motherland.
The name of Nadezhda Durova is also reflected in art. In the film “The Hussar Ballad” there is a heroine Shura Azarova, who with the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 went to fight the French. The image of Shura was copied from Durova.
Nadezhda Andreevna was born in 1783 in Kyiv. Her father, Andrei Durov, was an officer in the Russian army.
Mother Anastasia Alexandrovna was the daughter of a Ukrainian landowner. When she was 16, she fell madly in love with Andrei and, without her parents' permission, married an officer. Ivan Paskevich is an indicative figure in Russian history. He was able to do with his sweat and blood glorious journey from an unknown warrior to one of the most authoritative and significant people in the Russian Empire.
Ivan Fedorovich was born in 1782, into a family of humble Belarusian and Ukrainian nobles who lived in Poltava. Ivan had four younger brothers, who, like him, subsequently became famous and respected people.
The brothers should be grateful to their grandfather, who in 1793 took his grandchildren to the capital of the Russian Empire. Two brothers Stepan and Ivan were enrolled in the Corps of Pages.
Ivan Fedorovich becomes the personal page of Emperor Paul I. Soon, having the rank of lieutenant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment, he was promoted to adjutant wing.
The first military campaign in which Paskevich participated was the Russian-Turkish War of 1806-1812. He was an adjutant to the changing commanders-in-chief of the Russian army.He was the son of a court councilor who lived in the Tver province of the Russian Empire. Born in 1780. And his role model was always Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.
The future hero received his military skills in the Artillery and Engineering Gentile Cadet Corps, and four of his brothers also trained there.
After graduation, Alexander Nikitich served in the horse artillery and participated in the wars with France and Turkey. In them he showed himself as a brave warrior of the Russian Earth.
He received his first baptism of fire in 1807 in battles with the armies of Napoleon. For his courage shown in the battle of Heilsberg, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir. In the same battle he receives a bullet wound.
War is an extremely terrible thing, even the word itself evokes the most terrible associations.
Patriotic War of 1812
The War of 1812 took place between Russia and France due to violations of the Tilsit Peace Treaty signed by both parties. And although it lasted only a short time, almost every battle was extremely bloody and ruinous for both sides. The initial balance of forces was as follows: six hundred thousand soldiers from France and two hundred and forty thousand from Russia. The outcome of the war was obvious from the very beginning. But those who believed that Russian Empire will lose, they were deeply mistaken. On December 25, 1812, Emperor Alexander the First signed an appeal to his subjects, which announced the victorious end of the war.
Heroes of the past
The heroes of the War of 1812 look at us from the pages of history textbooks. No matter who you look at, there are all majestic portraits, but what’s behind them? Behind the pompous poses and magnificent uniforms? To boldly go into battle against the enemies of the Fatherland is a real feat. In the war against Napoleonic troops in 1812, many worthy and remarkable people fought and died. young heroes. Their names are honored to this day. Portraits of the heroes of the War of 1812 are the faces of those who spared nothing for the common good. Taking responsibility for commanding troops, as well as for successes or, conversely, defeats on the battlefield and ultimately winning the war is the highest feat. This article talks about the most famous participants year, about their deeds and achievements.
So, who are they - the heroes of the War of 1812? Photos of portraits famous personalities, presented below, will help fill the gaps in knowledge of native history.
M. I. Kutuzov (1745-1813)
When the heroes of the War of 1812 are mentioned, the first one that comes to mind, of course, is Kutuzov. The most famous student of Suvorov, a talented commander, strategist and tactician. Golenishchev-Kutuzov (real name) was born into a family of nobles whose roots traced back to the Novgorod princes. Mikhail’s father was a military engineer, and he largely influenced his son’s future choice of profession. More from youth Mikhail Illarionovich was in good health, inquisitive in mind and courteous in his manners. But the main thing is his undeniable talent in military affairs, which his teachers noted in him. He received an education, of course, with a military bias. He graduated from the artillery and engineering school with honors. For a long time he even taught at his alma mater.
However, about his contribution to the victory: Count, Kutuzov was already at an advanced age at the time of the war. He was elected commander first of the St. Petersburg and then of the Moscow militia. It was he who came up with the idea of giving up Moscow, thereby performing a gambit, like in chess. Many generals who participated in this war were practically raised by Kutuzov, and his word in Fili was decisive. The war was won largely thanks to his cunning and skill in military tactics. For this act, he was granted the rank of Field Marshal on behalf of the Tsar, and also became the Prince of Smolensk. He didn’t live long after the victory, only a year. But the fact that Russia did not submit in this war is entirely the merit of M.I. Kutuzov. List enumeration " Folk heroes War of 1812” it is most appropriate to start with this person.
D. P. Neverovsky (1771 - 1813)
A nobleman, but not from the most famous family, Neverovsky began to serve as a private in the Semenovsky regiment. By the beginning of the war of 1812, he was already Pavlovsky’s chief. He was sent to defend Smolensk, where he met the enemy. Murat himself, who led the French near Smolensk, wrote in his memoirs that he had never seen such dedication. These lines were dedicated specifically to D.P. Neverovsky. Having waited for help, Dmitry Petrovich made the transition to Smolensk, which made him famous. Then he took part in the Battle of Borodino, but was shell-shocked.
In 1812 he received the rank of lieutenant general. Even after being wounded, he did not stop fighting; his division suffered the heaviest losses in the war. Only this is not from unreasonable command, but rather from dedication and dedication in the most difficult positions. Like a true hero, Neverovsky died from his wounds in Halle. Later he was reburied like many heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
M.B. Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)
During World War II, this name was long associated with cowardice, treason and retreat. And very undeservedly.
This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient Scottish family, but his parents were still early age sent the boy to study in Russia, where his uncle lived and served. He was the one who helped a lot young man receive Mikhail Bogdanovich independently rose to the rank of officer at the age of sixteen. By the beginning of the war with Napoleon, he was appointed commander of the first Western Army.
This commander was an interesting person. Completely unpretentious, he could sleep in the open air and dine with ordinary soldiers, and was very easy to handle. But due to his character and, perhaps, origin, he behaved coldly towards everyone. In addition, he was very careful in military affairs, which explains his numerous retreat maneuvers. But this was necessary: he did not want to waste human lives thoughtlessly and, as he himself noted, he did not have the right to do so.
He held the position of Minister of War, and all the “bumps” from military failures fell on him. Bagration will write in his memoirs that during the Battle of Borodino, Mikhail Bogdanovich seemed to be trying to die.
Nevertheless, the idea to retreat from Moscow will come from him, and Kutuzov will support it. And, be that as it may, Barclay de Tolly will be right. He personally participated in many battles, showing by his example to soldiers how to fight for their country. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly was a real son of Russia. It is not without reason that the gallery of heroes of the War of 1812 was replenished with this name.
I. F. Paskevich (1782-1856)
The son of very wealthy landowners living near Poltava. Everyone predicted a different career for him, but from childhood he saw himself only as a military leader, and that’s how it all happened. Having proven himself in the best way in the wars with Persia and Turkey, he was ready for the war with France. Kutuzov himself once introduced him to the Tsar as his most talented young general.
He participated in Bagration’s army, wherever he fought, he did it conscientiously, sparing neither himself nor the enemy. He distinguished himself near Smolensk and in the Battle of Borodino. He was subsequently awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, second degree. It was Saint Vladimir who were mostly awarded to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
P. I. Bagration (1765-1812)
This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient royal Georgian family; in his youth he served in a musketeer regiment. And he even took part in the battles of the Russian-Turkish war. He studied the art of war from Suvorov himself, and was extremely loved by the commander for his valor and diligence.
During the war with the French, he led the Second Western Army. He also attended a retreat near Smolensk. At the same time, he was extremely against retreating without a fight. He also took part in Borodino. Moreover, this battle became fatal for Pyotr Ivanovich. He was seriously wounded, and before that he fought heroically and twice with the soldiers drove the enemy back from their positions. The wound was extremely serious; he was transported to a friend’s estate, where he quickly died. Twenty-seven years later, his ashes will be returned to the Borodino field to be buried with honors in that land for which he spared nothing.
A. P. Ermolov (1777-1861)
This general was known to literally everyone at that time; all of Russia followed his successes, and they were proud of him. Very brave, strong-willed, talented. He participated in not one, but three wars with Napoleonic troops. Kutuzov himself valued this man very much.
He was the organizer of the defense near Smolensk, personally reported to the tsar about all the details of the battles, he was very burdened by the retreat, but understood its necessity. He even tried to reconcile two opposing generals: Barclay de Tolly and Bagration. But in vain: they will quarrel to death.
Most clearly during this war he showed himself in the battle of Maloyaroslavtsev. He left Napoleon no choice but to retreat along the already devastated Smolensk route.
And although relations with the command, due to his ardent character, went wrong at the end of the war, no one dared to diminish the importance of his actions and courage in battles. General Ermolov took his rightful place in the list listing the generals - heroes of the War of 1812.
D. S. Dokhturov (1756-1816)
Another hero of the War of 1812. The future general was born into a family where military traditions were highly revered. All of his male relatives were military men, so he did not have to choose his life’s work. And in fact, in this field only luck accompanied him. The Great Empress Catherine the First herself presented him with a sword for his achievements during Russian-Swedish war with a pompous inscription: “For courage.”
He fought at Austerlitz, where, again, he showed only courage and courage: he broke through the encirclement with his army. Personal courage did not save him from wounds during the War of 1805, but his wounds did not stop this man and did not prevent him from joining the ranks of the Russian army during the War of 1812.
Near Smolensk, he fell very seriously ill with a cold, but this did not distract him from his direct duties. Dmitry Sergeevich treated each of his soldiers with great care and sympathy, and knew how to restore order in the ranks of his subordinates. This is exactly what he demonstrated near Smolensk.
The surrender of Moscow was extremely difficult for him, because the general was a patriot. And he did not want to give even a handful of land to the enemy. But he endured this loss steadfastly, continuing to try for the sake of his Motherland. He showed himself to be a real hero near Maloyaroslavets, fighting alongside the troops of General Ermolov. After one of the battles, Kutuzov greeted Dokhturov with the words: “Let me hug you, hero!”
N. N. Raevsky (1771 - 1813)
A nobleman, a hereditary military man, talented from the cavalry. This man’s career began and developed so rapidly that in the middle of his life he was ready to retire, but was unable to. The threat from France was too great for talented generals to sit at home.
It was the troops of Nikolai Nikolayevich who had the honor of holding the enemy army until other units united. He fought at Saltanovka, his units were driven back, but time was still gained. He fought near Smolensk and Borodino. In the last battle, it was his flank that received the main blow, which he and his soldiers steadfastly held back.
Later he would operate very successfully under Tarutin and Maloyaroslavets. For which he will receive the Order of St. George, third degree. Unfortunately, he will soon fall very seriously ill, so much so that he will finally have to give up military work.
P. A. Tuchkov (1769 - 1858)
Not much is known about him. He came from a military dynasty and served under his father for a long time. Since 1800 he served with the rank of major general.
He fought zealously near the small village of Valutina Gora, then personally took command near the Strogan River. He boldly went into battle against the army of the French Marshal Ney, but was wounded and captured. He was introduced to Napoleon as a Russian general, and the emperor, admiring the courage of this man, ordered the sword to be returned to him. Unfortunately, he met the end of the war, victorious for Russia, in captivity, but received freedom in 1814 and continued to work for the good of the Fatherland.
A. A. Skalon (1767 - 1812)
A hero of the War of 1812, he was from an old French family, but his ancestors had long since moved to Russia, and he knew no other Fatherland. For a long time he served in the Preobrazhensky and then in the Semenovsky regiment.
Scalon began military operations against France only in 1812, when there was an extreme shortage of generals, and until now the emperor, knowing about his roots, removed Anton Antonovich from interfering in the war with France. Participated in and this day was the last for the major general. He was killed, Scalon's body fell to the enemy, but was buried with honors at the behest of Napoleon himself.
Real heroes
Of course, these are not all heroes of the War of 1812. The list of glorious and worthy people could be continued indefinitely. And much more can be told about their exploits. The main thing is that they all spared neither their strength nor their health, and many even their lives for the sake of main task- win the war. It is so amazing to understand that once upon a time the real heroes were not on the pages of books, but actually performed feats just so that the Fatherland would prosper. And it is not surprising that monuments to the heroes of the War of 1812 have been erected throughout the country. Such people must be honored and remembered; they must live for centuries. Honor and glory to them!
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Presentation on the topic: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812
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Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov 1745-1813 Great Russian field marshal general from the Golenishchev-Kutuzov family, commander, field marshal general (from August 31 (September 12), 1812). At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 -. General of Infantry, elected head of the St. Petersburg and also Moscow militias. From August 17 (29) - Commander-in-Chief of all Russian armies operating against Napoleon. First Full Knight of the Order of St. George
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Military skill Skillful conduct of the Battle of Borodino on August 26, 1812, a masterfully executed march-maneuver to Tarutino from September 17 to October 3 (which saved the army and cut off the French from the grain-producing provinces), a deep understanding of the people's war and its full support, leadership of military operations that led to the final defeat and expulsion of enemy hordes from Russia, speaks of the immortality of Kutuzov as the son of his Fatherland. Having taken command of the Russian armies near Gzhatsk during a period of long retreat into the interior of the country and soon taking upon his shoulders the great responsibility for leaving Moscow, Kutuzov could report from Vilna six months later: “The war ended with the complete extermination of the enemy.”
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Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration1765-1812 Russian commander, prince, student and associate of A.V. Suvorov. During the Patriotic War of 1812, Bagration commanded the 2nd Western Army. Bagration was an example of a professional military man, loved by the army, distinguished by his calmness in danger, outstanding courage and deep knowledge of the art of war.
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The courage of Bagration At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, the 2nd Western Army was located near Grodno and found itself cut off from the main 1st Army by the advancing French corps. Bagration had to retreat with rearguard battles to Bobruisk and Mogilev, where, after the battle near Saltanovka, he crossed the Dnieper and on August 3 united with the 1st Western Army of Barclay de Tolly near Smolensk. Bagration advocated involving broad sections of the people in the fight against the French, was one of the initiators partisan movement.
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The courage of Bagration At Borodino, Bagration's army, forming the left wing of the battle formation of the Russian troops, repelled all attacks of Napoleon's army. According to the tradition of that time, decisive battles were always prepared as if for a show - people changed into clean linen, put on ceremonial uniforms, orders, white gloves, sultans on shakos, etc. Exactly as he is depicted in the portrait - with a blue St. Andrew's ribbon, with three stars of the orders of Andrei, George and Vladimir and many order crosses - they saw Bagration's regiments in the Battle of Borodino, the last in his military life. A cannonball fragment crushed the general's tibia in his left leg. The prince refused the amputation proposed by the doctors. The next day, Bagration mentioned in his report to Tsar Alexander I about the wound: “I was rather lightly wounded in the left leg by a bullet that shattered the bone; but I don’t regret it in the least, being always ready to sacrifice and the last straw my blood for the defense of the fatherland and the august throne..."
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Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky1771-1829 Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, cavalry general. During the Patriotic War of 1812 he commanded the 7th Infantry. corps, showed great organizational abilities as a military leader, courage and bravery. Under his command, the corps successfully fought battles near Saltanovka, in the Battle of Smolensk in 1812, and in the Battle of Borodino in 1812.
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Raevsky's feat near Saltanovka In connection with the battle near Saltanovka, there is a well-known story about how Raevsky carried away his sons in one of the attacks. This attack is depicted in the famous painting by Samokish. Despite the wide popularity of this fact, it is nothing more than a patriotic invention of journalists who described the course of the war in Russian newspapers. Suffice it to recall that Raevsky’s youngest son was only 11 years old.
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Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich 1761-1818 Russian commander, prince, field marshal general, commander-in-chief of the Russian army from June to August 1812, infantry general, commander-in-chief of the 1st Western Army. At the beginning of the war, he organized the withdrawal of troops to the east, the retreat of his army to Polotsk, then to Smolensk, avoiding a general battle, and united with the 2nd Western Army near Smolensk. In the Battle of Borodino, he led the defense of the center and right flank, earning high praise from M.I. Kutuzov, was awarded the order St. George II class.
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Seslavin Alexander Nikitich1780-1858 At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 he was the adjutant of General M.B. Barclay de Tolly. Alexander Seslavin showed particular courage in the Battle of Borodino, and with the beginning of partisan operations he was given command of a separate light detachment. He was the first to open Napoleon's speech from Moscow and his movement to the Kaluga road, thanks to which Russian troops managed to block the enemy's path at Maloyaroslavets. Then, relentlessly following the French, Seslavin delivered very important information about them to the commander-in-chief and caused them all kinds of harm.
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Tormasov Alexander Petrovich 1752-1819 famous cavalry general. At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, he commanded the 3rd Observational Army, formed to cover the southern direction from the enemy, which defeated parts of the Saxon corps of General J. Rainier at Kobrin on July 15, and on July 31 repelled attacks by superior forces of the Rainier and K corps at Gorodechnya . Schwarzenberg, not allowing their active actions in the Kiev direction, and after the connection of the 3rd Army with the Danube Army, adm. P.V. Chichagova on Sept. liberated the western part of Volyn
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Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn1771-1844 His Serene Highness Prince, General of the Cavalry. Participant in military operations in Poland (1794-1795), wars with Napoleon, and the Patriotic War of 1812. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Borodino. For Borodino, Golitsyn was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree.
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Figner Alexander Samoilovich1787-1813 The feat of the partisan saboteur Figner began after the Russian army abandoned Moscow. At the head of the partisan detachment he formed, the Legion of Death launched unexpected attacks on French formations. Alexander Figner, with the assistance of peasants and Italian deserters, began to disturb the enemy’s rear communications and with his brave enterprises caused such fear that Napoleon announced a reward for his head. “A fanatic in courage and patriotism” - this is how Kutuzov gave Figner a description. Dressed in an enemy uniform and speaking several languages, he penetrated behind enemy lines, obtaining important information. A selflessly brave man, Figner died in battle after the expulsion of the French from Russia near the city of Dessau in 1813. The 26-year-old hero forever inscribed his name in the chronicle of the War of 1812
Slide no. 15
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Denis Vasilyevich Davydov 1784-1839 hero of the war of 1812. military historical writer and poet of noble origin. In the Patriotic War of 1812 he was the initiator of the partisan movement. In popular memory, the name of Denis Davydov is inseparable from the Patriotic War of 1812 as the name of one of the leaders of the army partisan movement, which played an important role in the victory over Napoleon. One of Davydov’s outstanding feats was the case near Lyakhov, where he, along with other partisans, captured General Augereau’s two-thousand-strong detachment; then, near the city of Kopys, he destroyed the French cavalry depot, scattered the enemy detachment near Belynichi and, continuing the search to the Neman, occupied Grodno.
Slide no. 16
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Matvey Ivanovich Platov 1751-1818 Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, military ataman of the Don Cossack Army (from 1801), cavalry general (from 1809), count (from 1812). During the Patriotic War of 1812 he commanded Cossack regiments on the border, covered the retreat of P.I. Bagration to Smolensk. In the Battle of Borodino he made a swift raid into the rear of the left flank of the French army.
Slide no. 17
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Alexey Petrovich Ermolov 1777-1861 Russian military leader and statesman, Chief of the General Staff of the 1st Western Army of Barclay de Tolly. Hero of the Battle of Borodino, commanded the left flank in the 2nd Army, where Bagration was seriously wounded, overcame the confusion of the troops, took command of himself. A fierce hand-to-hand battle broke out on Kurgan Heights. The French turned the captured cannons towards the Russians. The soldiers of the 3rd Ufa Regiment began to retreat. But they were stopped by two Russian generals - Ermolov and the head of all artillery in the Battle of Borodino, Alexander Kutaisov. Standing in front of the line, they led the infantrymen in a counterattack. Soldiers from other battalions joined the Ufa residents and burst into the battery with a united blow.
Slide no. 18
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Slide no. 19
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Nadezhda Andreevna Durova 1783-1866 Russia's first female officer, cavalry maiden Saved a wounded officer on the battlefield and was awarded by Emperor Alexander I the soldier's St. George's Cross. He ordered her to enlist in the Mariupol Hussar Regiment under the name of Cornet Alexandrov. In 1812, Nadezhda Durova served in the Uhlan regiment. She walked all the way from the border to Tarutin, received the rank of lieutenant, and for a short time was Kutuzov’s adjutant
