Great girlfriend. Mandelshtam Nadezhda: Biography and memories - whether he was also a fun young man

This curious and talented girl was born in 1899 in a large family of Jewish Jewish, who adopted Christianity. Father was an attorney, and his mother worked as a doctor. Nadia was younger. Initially, her family lived in Saratov, and then moved to Kiev. There was a future Mandelstam. Nadezhda entered the women's gymnasium with a very progressive education system at that time. Not all items were given to her equally well, but most of all she loved the story. Parents then had funds in order to travel with her daughter to travel. Thus, Nadia was able to visit Switzerland, Germany, France. Higher education was not completed, although he entered the Julfak of Kiev University. Hope was fascinated by painting, and besides, the difficult years of the revolution were killed.

Love for life

This time was the most romantic in the life of the girl. Working in Kiev in the art workshop, she met a young poet. She was nineteen years old, and she was a supporter of "love for an hour", which was very fashionable then. Therefore, the relationship between young people rose on the very first day. But Osip fell in love so much in the ugly, but charming artist, which conquered her heart. Subsequently, she said that he felt like them would not have to enjoy each other shortly. The couple signed marriage, and now it was a real family - Mandelstam Nadezhda and Osip. The husband was terribly jealous to the young wife and did not want to part with her. There are many letters of Osip to his wife, who confirm the stories of the familiar family about the feelings that were between spouses.

"Black" years

But family life was not so rosy. Osip turned out to be in love and prone to treason, hope jealous. They lived in poverty and only in 1932 received a two-room apartment in Moscow. And in 1934, the poet Mandelstam was arrested for poems directed against Stalin, and sentenced to a three-year link to the city of Chernin (at Kame). But since the nuts of repression, then just started twist, Mandelshtam Nadezhda received permission to accompany her husband. Then, after the hassle of influential friends, the sentence was softened, replacing it to live in large cities of the USSR, and the spouses left Voronezh. But the arrest broke the poet. He began to be depressed and hysteria, tried to commit suicide, began to suffer hallucinations. Spouses tried to return to Moscow, but the permissions did not receive. And in 1938, Osip was arrested for the second time and died in forwarding camps with unexplained circumstances.

Fear and flight

Mandelstam Nadezhda was alone. Not yet knowing the death of a husband, she wrote to him letters in conclusion, where she tried to explain what kind of children's games it sees their past quarrels and how it regrets about those times. Then she considered her life unhappy because he did not know the real grief. She kept her husband's manuscripts. She was afraid of searches and arrest, memorized all that he created like poems and prose. Therefore, Hope Mandelstam often changed the place of residence. In the city of Kalinine, she caught the news of the beginning of the war, and she together with his mother evacuated to Central Asia.

Since 1942, she lives in Tashkent, where the exteron finishes the university and works as a teacher of English. After the war, hope moves to Ulyanovsk, and then - in Chita. In 1955, she becomes the head of the Department of English in the Chuvash Personal Institute, it also protects the candidate dissertation.

last years of life

In 1958, Mandelstam Nadezhda Yakovlevna is retired and settled near Moscow, in Tarusa. Many former political prisoners lived there, and the place was very popular with dissidents. It is there that hope writes his memories, begins to publish for the first time under the pseudonym. But pensions do not have enough for her life, and she again is being done to work in the Pskov Pockey Institute. In 1965, Nadezhda Mandelstam finally receives a one-room apartment in Moscow. There she spent last years. In his Nishchenskaya apartment, a woman managed to keep the literary salon, where the pilgrimage was made not only the Russian, but also the Western intelligentsia. At the same time, Nadezhda is decided to publish the book of his memories in the West - in New York and Paris. In 1979, she began with heart problems to such an extent serious that she was registered a strict bed regime. Close-like arranged beside her climbing round-the-clock duty. December 29, 1980 she fell out death. Hope was sent over the Orthodox ritual and buried on January 2 of the next year

Nadezhda Mandelshtam: books and reaction to contemporaries

Its "memories", which were published in New York in 1970, as well as the additional "second book" (Paris, 1972) are most famous from the work of this resistant dissident. It was she who caused a sharp response of some friends of hope. They found that the wife of Osipa Mandelstam distorts the facts and tries in his memoirs to reduce personal scores. Before the death of Hope, I saw the light and the "third book" (Paris, 1978). She treated his friends to her fees and bought gifts to them. In addition, all the archives of her husband, the poet of Osipa Mandelstam, the widow handed over to Princeton University in the United States. She did not live before the rehabilitation of the great poet and spoke close to death that he was waiting for her. Such she was, the hope of this bold woman tells us that even in the "black" years, you can remain a real, decent person.

In the recent Soviet period, the surname Mandelstam itself was forbidden, and for loyal writers - faded. Nowadays, other times, and master Mandelstam finally came out of oblivion. His books and books about it are published and multiply every day, - after all this mandellestam science and not to keep track. Published memories of hope Mandelstam. In 2001, he saw the light and book "Osip and Nadezhda Mandelstama". Therefore, it is difficult to surprise something new and unknown from the life of the ingenious poet and its faithful companion today, you can only rephrase Mandelshtam lines:

Everything is confused, and to repeat sweetly:

Russia, Osip and Hope.

Osip Mandelstam - without any disputes of genius, no matter how infuriated writers and criticism of anti-Semites. Mandelshtam joined the "Surovability of Tyutchev with the childishness of the Veline." And like all ingenious people, he was a little not of this world. Mother Maximilian Voloshina even called him "Mamzel Zizi". Somehow in the Koktebel in the young years, Mandelstam pretended that he was German and, sitting into the boat, told the boat with an emphasis: "Only, please, without sell sails." In need of money, he once filed a statement in the group of writers with a request to give him an advance to his own funeral. In everyday life, Mandelstam was Neakkurata, forgetting and scattered, - in a word, a real poet.

All this should be borne in mind when they talk about the long life of the Osip and Hope. Nadezhda Yakovlevna had to endure all this and put out, spent sometimes for her husband, as a small child (in poetry - a giant, in everyday life - a child, a typical situation). And another aspect of their family relationships: jealousy. Mandelshtam loved women and was fond of them more than once. So, in 1933 he became interested in the young poetess Maria Petrov. Mandelstam invited her to visit the house, and she, despite the strict persuasion, was late. Nadezhda Yakovlevna poded over her husband about the next call in the door:

What, axis, again not your beauty? How, she will come on time. Your Masha loves to wait for it.

Mandelshtam, however, was not embarrassed by such chips-phrases. He, as usual, was open and did not hide anything. He spoke to his friends:

Nadya - a smart woman and understands everything. And then, we have the same taste with her, and all my women like it too. Lived bricks with Mayakovsky, and Hippius and Merezhkovsky - with a philosopher.

Best days

Boris Pasternak after such revelations has changed in his face and quickly left the apartment of Mandelstam.

Throw hobbies of her husband (or wife), suffering jealousy - it is always hard. It is often because of this, the marriage unions are crumbling. Nadezhda Yakovlevna all this adequately withstand and did not defeat the marriage. But then there were only flowers in their livelihood. The berries are the persecution of the poet by the authorities, his two arrests, the camp and the following death, and further the inability for many years to publish the heritage of the poet. Nadezhda Yakovlevna stood, did not bent under the blows of evil rock. Very-wolfhound

mandelstam's Osipus constantly stifled in his arms, especially after famous poems about the Kremlin "Highlander" in soft boots.

On my lips aim

Strict Cooks will show me

tried to joke Osip Emilevich. But the jokes are not always saved.

The "historical meeting" "Osip and Hope took place on May 1, 1919 in Kiev, in a nightclub under the exotic name" tram ", where local bohemia gathered. The 29th year was already known to the poet Mandelstam, and the Kiev artist Nesthe Khazin was only 20 years old. Thin, the eyes, with a short haircut, she kept herself in the spirit of the revolutionary time - bold and disgust. She liked Osip Mandelstam, and she boldly went to her hotel room. "Who would have thought, -

writing Nadezhda Yakovlevna Subsequently, - What will we find ourselves together? .. "

Without experiences? So it does not happen! The experiences were, even debt. But in the end, love and friendship came out, and strong attachment. And most importantly, Hazin's hope became like-minded Mandelstam Osip and a hot fan of his poetry. Osip rated it, and offered a young artist's hand and heart.

The rumor that Mandelshtam married was extremely all. It was an incredible news. Is the free bird itself climbed into the cage? Can not be! One close friend Mandelstam asked: "On whom he married?" "Imagine, on a woman," followed the answer.

In the book of memoirs of Irina Odoin "On the banks of the Neva", a portrait of a young hope of Mandelstam: "The door opens. But the room is not the wife of Mandelstam, but a young man in a brown suit. Briefly tonsured. With a cigarette in the teeth. "

Today it would have shocked little, but then! ..

First, young spouses lived in Kiev, then moved "north" to Moscow, and a joint stormy life began, filled with poetry against the background of a careless life, with flares of jealousy and, accordingly, without Idylli. But the main thing - they were together. Lived and fought for life. When Mandelstam was exiled to Voronezh, Nadezhda Yakovlevna went with him. Mandelstam was sick, he was bad. As he wrote, "the fact that my" second life "still lasts, I fully owe my only and invaluable friend - my wife."

We will open a shop. Nada will sit at the cashier ... selling goods will be Anya (Akhmatova. - Yu.B.).

What will you do, Osip Emilevich? - asked him.

And there there is always a man. Didn't you notice? In the rear room. Sometimes he stands in the doorway, sometimes comes to the cashier, says to her something ... So I will be this man.

Alas, Osip Mandelstam became a man for feashes. After the death of the poet, Nadezhda Yakovlevna led the life of the old beast. In Moscow, it was impossible to live, and there was no house. She lived in Maloyaroslavets, then in Kalinin. During the war, Anna Akhmatova dragged her to Tashkent. In one of the letters to Akhmatova, Nadezhda Mandelstam wrote: "In this life, only faith in you and the axis kept."

By grabbing the university in absentia, Nadezhda Yakovlevna received a degree in English teacher - at least a little help. After the war, I lived in Ulyanovsk, Chita, Cheboksary, Pskov, and only at old age gained a one-room cooperative apartment in Moscow, for the rope cottage (what a symbolism!), On the first floor of a house on a large Cheremushkan street.

How did all these years lived? Faced and even tried to build a new life with the writer Boris Kuzin. "... I am guilty that I could not be alone," she confessed in a letter on April 15, 1939, "and I will continue to be able to be alone." No rescue belts. " The hope of Yakovlevna can be understood: in her position, the rejected and persecuted was hard to live alone. "I'm tired of separation," she wrote Anna Akhmatova. - Send me anything - a letter, word, smile, a photo, something. I beg ... "

The aim of all the life of Hope Yakovlevna was to collect and preserve the archive of Mandelstam's Osip. About how she was looking for the texts of poete poems, as they corresponded and distributed to friends in the hope that it was in this way that they would survive (many poems died with the death of people), as the archive kept the archive in the old hat box, is a real detective novel. In 1973, the first book of Mandelstam was published - not at all, as Nadezhda Yakovlevna wanted, and it became the "madness point." She was eager for complete Mandelstam, not an exchanging and unlikely, with the recognition of his poetic grandeur. And such books appeared, however, first not with us, but in the West. Nadezhda Yakovlevna managed to write their memories, sharp and irreconcilable.

She died on December 29, 1980 at the age of 81. Her life became a feat in the name of culture and history of literature. After the death, Nadezhda Yakovlevna became next to his favorite Osip.

Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelshtam (maiden name - Khazina, October 30, 1899, Saratov - December 29, 1980, Moscow) - Russian writer, memoirist, linguist, teacher, wife of Osip Mandelstam.

Biography

Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelshtam (Born Hazin) was born on October 30, 1899 in Saratov in a wealthy Jewish family. Her father, Yakov Arkadyevich Khazin (? - February 8, 1930), the son of the Yampol merchant Khaima-Arona Khazina, a graduate of the St. Petersburg University for Legal and Mathematical Faculty, was a jurry attorney. Since Candidate of Legal and Mathematical Sciences Ya. A. Khazin accepted Orthodoxy, and his bride Rebekka Yakovlevna Rakhlin (in the life of Vera Yakovlevna, 1863 - September 17, 1943, Tashkent) was recorded on Jewish religion, their civil marriage was concluded in France. In 1897, their five-year-old son Alexander was baptized (December 31, 1892, Uman - 1920). Parents left Uman not earlier than the middle of 1897 and settled in Saratov, where his father received a jury of the attorney district of the Saratov Chamber. Hope was a younger child in a large family. In addition to her and their older son Alexander, the son of Eugene (1893-1974) and the eldest daughter Anna (1888-1938) grew in the Khazin family. The mother graduated from the Higher Female Medical Courses at the Medical and Surgery Academy in 1886 with a specialization in gynecology and worked as a doctor.

In 1902, the family moved to Kiev, where on August 20 of the same year, his father was recorded by the jury of the District of the Kiev Judicial Chamber. There, on August 14, 1909, N. Ya. Mandelstam entered the private women's gymnasium of Adelaide Zhukulina on a large basement, house 36. Most likely, the gymnasium was chosen by the parents as the closest educational institution to the place of residence of the family (Ratar Street, house 25). A feature of the gymnasium was a biscuit was training for girls on the program of men's gymnasiums. Successfully passing entrance tests, hope, however, studied average. She had an evaluation of "excellent" on history, "good" - in physics and geography and "satisfactory" in foreign languages \u200b\u200b(Latin, German, French, English). In addition, in childhood, Nadezhda visited several times together with the parents of Western European countries - Germany, France and Switzerland. After graduating from the gymnasium, Nadezhda entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev, but the studies threw. In the years of the revolution, he studied in the workshop of the famous artist A. A. Exter.

May 1, 1919 in the Kiev cafe "H. L. A.M. "N. Ya. Get acquainted with O. E. Mandelshtam. The beginning of the novel of the famous poet with a young artist recorded in his diary Literary critic A. I. Deich:

"Comrade of Black Days"

On May 16, 1934, Osip Mandelstam was arrested for writing and reading poems and placed in the inner prison of the OGPU building on Lubyanskaya Square. On May 26, 1934, at a special meeting with the college of OGPU, Osip Mandelstam was sentenced to expulsion for three years in Cherdin. Nadezhda Yakovlevna was caused by a joint interrogation with her husband, at which she was asked to accompany her husband in the link. Shortly after arrival in Cherdin, the initial decision was revised. On June 3, she told the relatives of the poet that Mandelstam in Cherdyni "mentally ill, ragged". On June 5, 1934, N. I. Bukharin writes a letter I. V. Stalin, where he reports the situation of the poet. As a result, on June 10, 1934, the case was revised and instead of the link Osip, Mandelsta was allowed to accommodate in any USSR city chosen by him, except for 12 major cities (the list of prohibited Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, etc.). The investigator, which caused spouses to inform them this news, demanded that they chose the city with him, without informing. Remembering that their familiar lives in Voronezh, they decided to leave there. In Voronezh, they became acquainted with the poet S. B. Rudakov and the teacher of the Voronezh aircraft N. E. Stampil. With the last N. Ya. Mandelstam supported friendly relationships throughout his life. All these and the next events behind them are described in detail in the book of Hope Yakovlevna "Memories".

Leonid Velehov : Hello, on the air freedom - radio, which is not only audible, but also can be seen. In the studio Leonid Velehov, this is a new release of the program "Cult personality". She is not about tyrants, she is about real personalities, their fate, actions, their views on life.

Nadezhda Mandelstam - Love, Wife, Widow of the Great Poet - the Great Person itself, a large Russian writer, a tragic and grandiose fate. About her today is our program, the guest of which the sign of Mandelshtamovsky creativity and life, chairman of the Mandelshtam Society Pavel Nerler.

​(Video about the hope of Mandelshtam. Soundword text:

We and I sit in the kitchen,

Sweet smells white kerosene;

A sharp knife yes bread loaf ...

Want, Primus is tight

And not that ropes gather

Tie a basket before dawn,

To go to the station,

Wherever no one find us.

Nineteen years later they spent together, almost unable. In the kitchen, however, if they were sitting, then mostly someone else, in fact never happened. But to tie a basket in which there were manuscripts, and go to the station from another danger - this was full of their life. Life of renegades, refugees, beggars.

For forty-two two years she spent without him, but not parting with him for a second, saving his poems that she kept in his memory and everything in the same basket. Brodsky even said that not so much widow of Mandelstam, how many widd of his poems was during these forty-two years. And immediately explained this acute thought: a widow of culture, the best sponitation of which was the poems of her husband.

If the fact that she saved the poems of Mandelstam, was the only thing that she did in life, for one thing she would deserve a monument and eternity. But besides, she wrote her own great books, memories that the same Brodsky described as a view of the story in the light of conscience and culture and equated to the vessel day on Earth for her century.

At the end of life, she first found peace, her own roof over his head and a kitchen, on which she loved to sit, as if in memory of the verse of her ingenious husband. And again Brodsky, his memories:

"It was in the evening; she sat and smoked in a deep shadow, discarded on the wall with a buffet. The shadow was so deep that it was possible to distinguish between the cigarette and two luminous eyes in it. The rest is a tiny tricky body under the shawl, hands, the ash Persons, gray ash hair - everything was absorbed in the darkness. She looked like a rest of the big fire, like a smoldering corner, which burns, if you touch ") .

Studio

Leonid Velehov : Last time, making the transfer about Osip Emilievich, we agreed that we will make a separate thing about the hope of Yakovlevna, because it deserves it. At the same time, she deserves this not only by some of his life feat of the participation in the life of Mandelstam himself, in his posthumous fate, but she herself is a grand personality and in human dimension, and in creative. Her memoirs, Brodsky responsible for these words, but he called them the best prose of the twentieth century. We will talk about the fate of these memoirs, about the attitude towards them, but this with Joseph Brodsky agrees in this regard. This is really a completely wonderful book. About this conversation ahead.

I will build my question so. How do you think that nevertheless was the main thing of her life - the fate of Mandelshtam creativity, the publication of his poems, the publication of his prose or these grand memoirs, which she, by the way, sat down to write when she was almost 60 years old.

Pavel Nerler : Of course - the first. It was correctly said - this is the feat that she did, retaining the poems by saving the archive, while maintaining the atmosphere of Mandelstam. How would the flesh moved to her. This is her main thing that was definitely. And when she could tell all this with confidence that all this was already committed when the archive was in the West, when a one-year one came first in the West, then a three-volume member, which later also became a four-letter of Mandelstam, that is, when he was saved and The reader was presented. Please read! It was the main thing.

Leonid Velehov : You think it was such a reasonable rationalism, such a Step-BY-STEP.

Pavel Nerler : Of course not. It's just that her inner feeling of a certain existential harmony never gave to forget that it should be done first. Will she make something else - this is another question. Especially since the intention to write memoirs from her somehow has not been programmed. It originated as a certain reaction to something, in particular, to memoirs of other persons. I was very irritated by Memoirs George Ivanova and some others.

Leonid Velehov : And now touching her such role in the life of Mandelstam. Her role and place in his work. Can we call her his muse? Because we remember how she herself sometimes put on the fact that she plays the role of a dog with him. "Comrade Bolsherly My" is, as it were, not completely the image of the muse. She was his muse?

Pavel Nerler : Yes of course. She was a muse, which, if you like, having arisen, not to flush over him and wrapped the wings. She was a muse, which denoted the important milestones of the creativity of Mandelstam, who herself with him as it were developed, reorganizing each time. Because the muse, which Mandelshtam devoted the poems of "Turtle", the first poem, which when they met on May 1, 1919, and this is their speed, instant, explosive novel ...

Leonid Velehov : Everything is one day, in one evening, one night happened.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, on one day, in one evening, one night, Vladimir Gorka. Jacket on her shoulders. And these poems. And there the poems mentioned by you about the squorter, and the poems "Your pupil in a transparent crust". This is completely different states of the muse, if you want. And such, for example, a cycle, specially addressed to the hope of Yakovlevna, Mandelstam is not, but these all poems, if they are put together together, they form a certain cycle, even if you like, a small poetic book, built not in Mandelshtaman canons. He ranked books in chronology, as a rule. It was a conscious principle that achieved his full purity in the 30s in Moscow verses, in Voronezh verses. But this principle was quite clearly realized. And he enjoyed them as a reception. However, if the verses dedicated to or addressed to the hope of Yakovlevna, extract, then you get some separate book with a certain story.

Leonid Velehov : What do you think she was an externally interesting woman? It is very different in different photos - sometimes interesting, wonderful eyes, sometimes on the contrary.

Pavel Nerler : I believe that Osip Emilevich was the opinion that she was an interesting woman.

Leonid Velehov : Especially since he understood after all the same in this matter.

Pavel Nerler : In some professionalized connoisseur, he, of course, was not.

Leonid Velehov : But also a monk who came to earthly life for the first time on May 1, 1919, he was also not.

Pavel Nerler : Yes. Just female beauty only on a certain, optionally for a long time, repelled from appearance. All, even the ill-wishers or ill-wishes of hope Yakovlevna, give tribute to just the incredible beauty of her high forehead and her skin. She had magnificent skin from birth. And this is what even all those who treated her with a feeling border with hatred converge. There were enough such. But beauty, apparently, includes some other parameters that do not ask for a glossy cover, some glamor. And this mandelstam saw at once. Because when they met, it was the birthday of Alexander Daich, 1919 on May 1. Mandelstam in this hotel lived. And in the cafe "Shlam" in the basement of the hotel "Continental" in Kiev, this birthday was celebrated. And the entire herds of Kiev artists, musicians, artists there gathered there. And Mandelstam went down to them too. They, of course, everyone knew him. And despite the usual, I immediately agreed to read poems, and somehow this company dived. And all the time the eye did not reduce from this girl, with Hazin's hope.

Leonid Velehov : She was then 19 years old. Magic, of course, is 19 years old, 1919, 19 years old they spent together.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, until 1938.

Leonid Velehov : But another topic I would like to touch on. It may be carefully touching that their relationship, indeed, there were not some such abstract high feelings, but they were full of very terrestrial sensuality, erotica. I want one thing to focus from her memories. Moreover, until the very last minute they were full of this, although what they were going through - through all these suffering, through all these wandering, through all this poverty. She writes: "I caught myself at night during the clock of love - what if they continue and interrupted it? It happened first of May 1938, leaving behind a peculiar mark - a mixture of two memories."

Pavel Nerler : What is there comment?!

Leonid Velehov : There is nothing to comment on. I just wanted to sound this passage.

It is clear that Mandelstam influenced it - simply, apparently, in everything. It was formed as a person as a person under his absolute influence, his ingenious nature, his talent in the genius and everything else. And what do you think, in something she influenced him?

Pavel Nerler : Here even two opinions can not be - of course, influenced. It was just that there were such components of life that did not get into the eyes. The fact that she immediately, at first glance, from the first word, from the first sound I took and made my "No, you will love the Judea, // and dissolve in it" (I rephrased), it immediately accepted some for Mandelstam very significant parameters for Mandelstam life behavior, for example, roof overhead, mindlessness ...

Leonid Velehov : She took this heartlessness sincerely.

Pavel Nerler : She accepted her sincerely. She shared her. And she, if you like, even cultivated. This, as it were, weakened the dependence of them from the power of the precondition, the power of the property. It made them, of course, bother about what, but at the same time remain independent. This internal freedom is some reward in compensation for the counselor of household anchors. That they had no equally. And here they were very supported each other. They went almost everywhere together. After all, they were absolutely no water. What they go to Bukharin that they go to the relatives of Osipa Emilevich, to relatives of hope of Yakovlevna, they were almost always together.

Leonid Velehov : At the same time, that she was, on the memories of contemporaries, silently his shadow. When they came, she sat somewhere in the corner and was silent all the time.

Pavel Nerler : She was silent. Probably she inserted something in a conversation, but she was silent with Living Mandelstam. And she stopped silent when she was left without him. These of her replicas, these speeches were in their own sharpness and insights commensurate.

Leonid Velehov : Sure!

Pavel Nerler : She absorbed a lot. She absorbed a lot that only Mandelstam in life she met and met. Whatever it, indeed, was, if you like, the carrier of this Mandelshtam wave, the Mandelshtam atmosphere, Mandelshtam is sharpness, if you please.

Leonid Velehov : This is the most advanced miracle that she survived. Because the arrest warrant was already discharged. And after her, if I'm not mistaken, in Kalinin, in the angle they shot, came. They wondered with her literally in a few days, because she, again, a completely grand nature, the first thing she took after the arrest of Mandelstam, rushed to Kalinin for this basket with manuscripts.

Pavel Nerler : She perfectly understood that it was part of her now just the life program. It worked such a programming that you need to save the archive, save the archive. And what only she did not.

Leonid Velehov : Although she understood how dangerous it was that she rushed there. It was possible to run out there.

Pavel Nerler : I did not even have questions. Of course, this is what she should now take care. And she was not sure that they would see. I do not want to say that she was sure that they would not see, the hope for it was, of course, until the latter, but in this sense she understood what to do.

Leonid Velehov : You think that she immediately as if I realized this, so I call it, the mission of Antigona is to save, save what will remain from Mandelstam, the main thing is his poems, his poetry?

Pavel Nerler : Certainly! She began not to split, but as if parallel for two lives. The life of the first is the one that she, Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelshtam, was to lead and somehow earn this life. From here, her teaching occasions went. And the life of the second, parallel, and only for her they were completely inseparable - she is a widow, or at the moment she went to Kalinin, she was still no widow. She is a man who is responsible before, if you like, in front of humanity for a manuscript one ingenious poet, whose wife, whose muse she was lucky to be. It was lucky. This is the enormous happiness of the joint residence of these 19 years with Mandelshtam, it is organically in her ... no one explained it to her, no one taught it. Mandelstam, on the contrary, said: "And who told you that we should be happy, what should you be happy?" She did it almost instinctively. And then the awareness of this was already gradually returned to her. Not returned, but came. Because then she already thought - and where is it better to save, who to give, who to pick up? This is also in a situation where the political landscape in the country was movable, also some art.

Leonid Velehov : But after all, many of his verses have been preserved, only thanks to her memory. Because she memorized them. And she repeated them endlessly. Again, I can not deny yourself the pleasure of quoting. This applies to times when it worked on a spinning factory: "At night I, sleepless, ran through a huge shop and, fueling the cars, mumbled poems. I needed to remember everything by heart - after all, the paper could take away, and my keepers per minute will take off the paper Yes, they will throw everything into the stove. The memory was an additional storage method. " And you can imagine how many poems did she stored in memory?

Pavel Nerler : In general, the entire Mandelshtam building is very small.

Leonid Velehov : All almost, yes?

Pavel Nerler : First, she not all knew. Some poems she found out only ... The entire Mandelshtam building, in addition to comic, except for children, except for transfers, is somewhere 400-400 with a small one. This is a very small collection of texts created by the creative genius of Mandelstam. These are not thousands and not tens of thousands, like many others.

Leonid Velehov : Because he is infinitely poems the rules and rewritten. As he was somehow in his youth, he said that the poems should be rewritten until a single word remains in the final version from the initial version. ( Laughter in the studio)

Pavel Nerler : He said: "These are good poems, Osip, but when you end them, they will not remain anything." Yes, Mandelshtam is very difficult and for a long time worked on each text. It's right. And, in general, he was like a poet of relatively difficult to emerge and short breathing.

Leonid Velehov : And now about her own literary gift. Memories she sat down when she was under 60?

Pavel Nerler : This is the end of the 50s. Yes, it was already approaching 60 years. But I must say that some letters ... One very different is a letter of Hardzhiev from Tashkent seems to be 1943. They were not written as prose, but perceived as a sketch of prose, as a sketch, as a kind of some essay. So they ...

Leonid Velehov : I think it's impressed by the idea of \u200b\u200bM. He did not appear simultaneously.

Pavel Nerler : It is not the point that with letters it was ... she had a writer talent. She had a well-handed hand. To write prose, writing her memories after all, these external causes initially. She immediately fastened a certain genre. It happened almost immediately - the genre of small gestocks, each of which, on the one hand, is somehow, there is some meaningful plot beginning. At the same time, they only begin to play full power when they are located nearby, built into the composition. And so the first, and the second of her books (the second part is more difficult, but consisting of such bricks) were made up of this. After all, she also wrote several dozen some texts that she did not include in these books for some kind of reasons. It was that she had ideas about the composition, that not only everything that she would write and insert it there, and something she would not insert into her work. It was a normal writing work. And they made it the same seemingly monstrous, terrible memories of younger contemporaries.

Leonid Velehov : She really accompanied her all her life, including the publication of her memoirs, as Brodsky said wonderfully, whom I will often quote, because, in my opinion, no one written about it about it, "causing indignation on both sides of the Kremlin Walls ", bearing in mind that and in power caused indignation, and from part of the Soviet intelligentsia. At the same time, again, as it adds, "the reaction of power was more honest than the intelligentsia reaction." How do you explain such a controversial reaction to the appearance of these memoirs?

Pavel Nerler : What concerns the intraskremlevskoy reaction, everything is clear here. When these memories came out in Russian, they almost simultaneously went out in Russian and in English. And, by the way, then lived in their own independent life in the West. They were sometimes translated carefully, sometimes not very carefully in different languages. Almost all European languages \u200b\u200bwere translated during the lifetime of Hope Yakovlevna. It was also transferred to Chinese, but it happened much later, quite recently. It was clear. And for the fact that the Human Hidden Yakovlevna in Humidate was found in Samizdate, he also fell as for other non-disabilities to the possession, dissemination and reading of works. In this sense, she got up in this series.

As for the split inside the intelligentsia, it happened. He did not occur after the first book, although there it would also be possible to see some intentions, which in the second book revealed especially strongly. She did not seek to be a 100 percent fair in relation to all those whom she wrote. They did not hry anyone. She did not invent as Kataak some pseudonyms there. Anyway, it would be easy to guess. Here you have to remember that it was for books.

Leonid Velehov : But Katazhay these pseudonyms came up with not in order to hide, but as a certain artistic technique.

Pavel Nerler : Sure!

Leonid Velehov : And the reaction to it, in my opinion, completely wonderful and ingenious memories was very similar to the reaction that met Mandelsht's memoirs.

Pavel Nerler : But still she was weaker. Such a split into two halves reading ...

Leonid Velehov : But the time was already different.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, the time was already different. Yes of course. It's right.

Leonid Velehov : It doesn't seem to you that there was a lot simply, sorry, just an elementary envy in this reaction? Suddenly such a book appeared. A person who had had no literary biography, which was probably believed that his role was to take care of her great husband's heritage and everything else. And suddenly such a book appears, which is indeed, again by Brodsky quoting, who equated it to "the Day of the Day on Earth for the twentieth century." It is grand is what he wrote about her. He wrote that "her memoirs did not stop, they suspended the cultural decay of the nation." People could not understand this. Only not everyone had such a latitude and depth of perception and generosity, which was near Brodsky. I think there was a lot, in fact, just envy.

Pavel Nerler : I think envy did not play a big role here. And what to envy? And, in fact, who was most outraged and most protested most? Those and only those, as a rule, only those who were or personally will be, or close people who have been listed in these memories somehow. The same Caverin, who wrote the hope of Yakovlevna an open letter called "Shadow Know Your Place," was offended by Tynyanov, the fact that Nadezhda Yakovlevna allowed himself to write about it. Emma Grigorievna Gerstein, the main opponent of Hope Yakovlevna, was indignant and reacted to the fact that Nadezhda Yakovlevna wrote about her. And some others. Actually, people lean there are quite a lot.

Leonid Velehov : Speak critically those who were not going. Suddenly offended Ahmatov. Ahmatova somehow did not take offense for herself.

Pavel Nerler : Very many for Akhmatov offended, above all, Lydia Korneevna. Ahmatova could not be offended or not offended. Ahmatova did not read it.

Leonid Velehov : Yes, I understand.

Pavel Nerler : It so happened that Nadezhda Yakovlevna did not show her.

Leonid Velehov : But in the negotiating, she naturally knew.

Pavel Nerler : In the negotiating, she knew something and was unhappy, by the way to say. But, in any case, she was not the reader of these memories. But from her behalf, Lydia Korneevna was offended and the whole book wrote in a peak. And Emma Grigorievna Gershtein, all his life, then wrote and, mainly, under such a violin key, the answers of the hope of Yakovlevna. Not being close to the talent equal to her, she ...

Leonid Velehov : In fact of the matter. Memoirs of Nadezhda Yakovlevna will remain in the centuries, although the mind and her language and she were very ... She even managed to call Bulgakov to be foolish. ( Laughter in the studio). Bulgakov, probably, offended. He was a touchy man, but did not, of course, to revenge, nor in response to produce poisonous arrows. This is an assumption.

Pavel Nerler : And was it nice to take Academician Dmitry Good to read that he is a lyceum bastard? Of course not.

Leonid Velehov : By the way, the same Katheva wonderfully analyzed - all the ambivalence of his personality.

Pavel Nerler : Yes. This is completely different. This is not the fact that the forest is cut, the chips fly, i.e. you write about the time, about the epoch, so it does not matter that you will offend someone, you will not be offended by someone. I have no doubt that Nadezhda Yakovlevna what she wrote about, just that perceived. She did not have a special goal to offend someone. She may have even softened something from his reaction. I, too, I do not exclude. But in any case, she did not feel all the life of Mandelshtamovskaya. She felt his whole life to have the right to have freedom of statements. And he did not insist that they were so weathered and politically correct, but insisted that they were fair. After all, in correspondence with Hargiyev, when they approached the quarrel, this is a stunning correspondence, she formulated one very important thing. She says: "We are with me jealous. We are jealous of each other to Mandelstam, to his poems. Therefore, we have." Here is such a jealous of the court over the epoch she herself.

Leonid Velehov : Regarding jealousy, I remembered again from Brodsky a wonderful passage, as she somehow said Ahmatova, that she would like to die, because there she will again be with dick. Ahmatova said: "No! This time I will be!" ( Laughter in the studio). What reactions and, as they say in modern classics, high relationships! It is much more interesting than these minor challenges of certain characteristics.

Pavel Nerler : You imagine how, having heard it, Nadezhda Yakovlevna would be charged?!

Leonid Velehov : I imagine! ( Laughter in the studio). I can imagine.

They moved to the area of \u200b\u200bpersonal ideas - its Moscow period. Because I know you have been familiar with her. I would like you to share our personal, what is called Memoir.

Pavel Nerler : My acquaintance was short enough, unfortunately - 4 or 5 years. In 1977 I got acquainted with her. And by this acquaintance I owe my friend, a wonderful Pianist Alexei Lyubimov, whom she, too, as a pianist, like Clavesinsis, loved. At one of his concerts, we accidentally coincided. And he presented me with the hope of Yakovlevna. It was in winter. She had long boots that needed to wear. Someone accompanied her, but she herself did it somehow. And I just wrote an article about the journey to Armenia "Solar Fugue Mandelstam". And after we introduced us, I asked permission to show her this work. She appointed me an hour and time. It turned out that we live very closely from each other.

Leonid Velehov : This is Cheryomushki.

Pavel Nerler : Yes. She is on the metro "Academic", and I am literally about the metro station "Leninsky Prospect". In the house "1000 smallests" I then lived. I came at the right hour. In advance, found a house - Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya, house 14, if my memory does not change, the apartment is 50. She opened. There, the apartment was small she had.

Leonid Velehov : One-room after all.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, one-room small apartment, cooperative. She bought her, taking money from Simonov, then returning.

Leonid Velehov : Returning after all?

Pavel Nerler : Yes, returning.

Leonid Velehov : Not in the sense that he took back.

Pavel Nerler : He did not insist and would be glad not to take, but she thought it was, and so great help, the fact that he helped her. And she returned to him this debt. I hand over this envelope. She says such a phrase: "Paul (she has some people in the kitchen. - P. N.), we are all our own here. So - Goodbye!" ( Laughter in the studio)

Leonid Velehov : Wow cold shower!

Pavel Nerler : I asked when - and she told me that or she would call me, or I had to call her to talk about the text, which I left her.

Leonid Velehov : Did it shocked it or not?

Pavel Nerler : No, it did not shocked me. It was struck by such a straight and sharpness. Actually, I didn't do anything bad. Maybe this is a terrible something that I handed it in this envelope. Maybe the monstrous text, and I would deserve these words in the literal sense of the word, but it still did not read it. No, no way shocked.

Leonid Velehov : And you are not yours yet.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, here your own, I'm not my own.

Leonid Velehov : Everything said in a broken word.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, the same syllable as she wrote their prose. Everything is fine. But I liked the text. We met. I came to her. It turned out that we live so closely from each other, too, some factor was. And he could have such a call: "Paul, I am very old. I have no bread." This meant that she was now free this evening that she had to take something to tea and you could come to her. I came, asked. At that time I had already started cooking the book "Word and Culture" with the same Simonov. He supported this idea as Chairman of the Commission on the heritage of Mandelstam hotly. Well, about the friend, about the composition of the book, about some details, I seemed to me, I unoccupied unobtrusively. Here our communication began and until her death continued. I did not enter the closest acquaintances, but, nevertheless, it was a stable relationship. And she treated to my wife very well.

Leonid Velehov : Still it was warm?

Pavel Nerler : I wanted to give her an apartment.

Leonid Velehov : Your and somehow somehow?

Pavel Nerler : His. Then it turned out that such people she would like to make an apartment, some amount.

Leonid Velehov Nevertheless, it was a sincere impulse.

Pavel Nerler : It was a sincere impulse and a sign of some such sympathy. She told a lot of valuable and useful. Of course, I did not have time to ask. She was very interested in everything that surrounds her interlocutors, asked some questions, far away from some Mandelshtamov, so to speak, in life. It was very often inclined to provoke on some ... Loved to sharpen the situation.

Leonid Velehov : Such a bile she was inherent not only as a writer, but also as a person?

Pavel Nerler : Not that it is determining. She was a completely charming interlocutor, who, of course, such a sarcastic bile was always ready, but it was not poison. It was one of the paints on the palette of its capabilities, interests and installations. She had no task ... She herself set a certain distance. Moreover, these are two different distances - the distance she asked in relation to you and who allowed from your side towards himself. And she sustained them enough. Of course, she had her own jokes, their own expressions, some words. For example, I remember that she could say that she could say that she did not like. This was her expression - a fool's thing. I sometimes catch myself on the fact that I use it in the same context - in the sense of meaningless, empty, ridiculous occupation.

Leonid Velehov : Life after all was in this apartment, too, so friendly. As Brodsky again wrote that the only "valuable" thing was a clock with a cuckoo. Why? She could afford himself, the fees were.

Pavel Nerler : She could afford, and she allowed himself. She received for his works in these bons, for which you could buy something in the "birch". She adored to give people some gifts. Very many late who wrote about her memories, probably, every second, it is about this that she gave something to them or wanted to give. Moreover, gifts could even be very luxurious. With one girlfriend, she almost gave an apartment when there were money.

Leonid Velehov : Even so?!

Pavel Nerler : Yes. In the sense of food, in the sense of the completeness of the refrigerator, she did not live in a completely half-beetled and devoid of living aspects. She hung in the room-spallion a completely wonderful paintings. Weisberg she loved very much. Birger drawn her portrait hung. The folds, probably, very high-quality northern were in her headboard. In general, the apartment was furnished quite cozy. And she had a very cocked kitchen. She was not the cabin holder, but ...

Leonid Velehov : ... Still, some kind of quasisalon was at her.

Pavel Nerler : It was not a quasian. It was as if a certain evening company, which was going almost every evening and consisted of people more or less permanent. A very close man was Yuri Lvovich Freudin. And people who, if you like, destiny sent some Western Slavists there, someone else. Physicists were in this company. The book "Who is overcoming" or "who reimburses the time", which I recently released.

Leonid Velehov : The book is wonderful completely.

Pavel Nerler : This is a collection of memories of her and its correspondence. There, this wide palette of her acquaintances is very well represented in the most different.

Leonid Velehov : I am mistaken or not, but almost Abel was part of the people who came to her.

Pavel Nerler : No, not Abel. But there was indeed one person who claimed that he was an intelligence. I don't know anything about Abel.

Leonid Velehov : Some such hearing is.

Pavel Nerler : No no. I just do not pop up the surname of this person who claimed that he was a scout. And he also appears in these documents published in this book. In any case, I assure you, there were completely wonderful people. And the doctors with whom she faced her illnesses became her friends. Children of these doctors became her friends. The most touching attitude ... I must say that the last year or one and a half without duty of these friends almost constant, the last months especially, it would be very hard. And those women who are on duty were carried out, some of them were associated with the hope of Yakovlevny and general friendships, probably, as a confessor to Alexander Menu, for example. It was some kind of organic, the natural continuation of everything that she as it would have invested in this style of life in her apartment.

Leonid Velehov : But it was some episodic, random intention to go to Israel? What was it?

Pavel Nerler : Yes, it was an episode.

Leonid Velehov : And really she said that the first thing she would do is pinching the crucifixion to the cry of crying?

Pavel Nerler : Yes, something like that. She felt the synthesis of Judaism and Orthodoxy. But she was very quickly explained, and different people are exactly the same. In my opinion, Stolyarova explained to her especially clearly. She struck such an argument: "Well, who will come to your funeral there, Nadezhda Yakovlevna?" ( Laughter in the studio).

Leonid Velehov : Wonderful exactly! Really!

Pavel Nerler : This argument struck her. And so she went far. She filed a statement.

Leonid Velehov : What are you saying?!

Pavel Nerler : Yes, she filed a statement. There is also a book about this. And joinearov went with her, took it into this OVIR. She took him officially back.

Leonid Velehov : This is close to Garden.

Pavel Nerler : I'm not sure that it was urban.

Leonid Velehov : No no. About emigration only in the city was served, garden-samotane.

Pavel Nerler : It became like that. Natalia Stolyarova took her and played back. But, indeed, who would come to her funeral?

Leonid Velehov : I would come, but, of course, incomparably with the number of people ...

Pavel Nerler : This is about 1971. Maybe the number of people who would have come to her funeral, they die there, it's when I went big aliya. And then the stream was thin.

Leonid Velehov : Yes.

Pavel Nerler : So, it struck her completely.

Leonid Velehov : Completing our conversation, Akhmatova said about her: "Nadia is the happiest widow." How would you interpret these words. Was it happy in his life after the death of Osipa Emilevich?

Pavel Nerler : After all, Ahmatova did not say that Nadia is the happiest woman. Ahmatova said that Nadia is the happiest widow, and she is accurate here. Because fate was not only favorable to the hope of Yakovlevna. She, of course, passed some of the most difficult options, the most difficult options, but the fact that she did not have passed, it was a very heavy and difficult life on other stalls, attachment to the places where the work had fallen out - teaching linguistic disciplines in such cities Like Ulyanovsk, Chita, Cheboksary. Everywhere she found some wonderful people, their friends. Everywhere someone adjoined her. But her life was very difficult despite the fact that her health was still from childhood and youth was not ideal. No wonder she spent so much time at the resorts. Mandelstam earned money for her to treat his lungs in Crimea, supported them in some state. Her life did not give the grounds in order to call her the happiest.

But as a widow ... First, she fulfilled everything that she would like and what she realized. She realized perfectly. And when she managed to send the archive first to France, and then from France to America, to Princeton, at this moment, in my opinion, I suppose, she felt, if you like, some kind of apogee, relief. The most important thing is that it was possible and it was necessary to do, she already committed. By this time, almost both of her books were already written. This is 1973 or 1974, when the archive went to the West. But it was precisely this circumstance ... She was afraid of these books that these books would hit the fate of the archive that if they were taken away, the archive would be taken. And when the archive left, then as if the latter is not even what fears, but the shadows of fear left it. And she healed, if you please, such a happy old life of the widow, who fulfilled all his promises to the deceased husband. He did not demand them from her, but she gave him them. And from now on, some kind of life detached from these responsibilities to him. In this sense, she was definitely a happy widow.

Leonid Velehov : Nevertheless reversed everyone and everything.

Pavel Nerler : Yes, and not just unchanged, but if you like ...

Leonid Velehov : It is in the context of this quotation.

Pavel Nerler : Yes Yes Yes. And I did it in my own way as it was possible, namely, in my opinion, in the form and form, as she considered the right and correct, not believing at how much it would be polished, all would have satisfied. No, it did not have this criterion. She was pretty ... "We are all our own here. So - Goodbye!"

Leonid Velehov : Grand Fate. Gave immortality to Mandelstam. We can not even assume that his posthumous fate would have developed if it were not. This can not be supposed. This is the fact that he is obliged to this posthumous fate. And herself found immortality in these wonderful memoirs.

Pavel Nerler : It seems to me that Moscow earned and Nadezhda Yakovlevna deserves the fact that on the house where she lived, the memorial plaque would hang. Maybe sometime these troubles will be able to implement.

Leonid Velehov : How can be Moscow without a monument to them both?!

Pavel Nerler : Monument to both of both: one - in St. Petersburg, the other in Amsterdam. Love Monument. But it is something unusual and extraordinary. But there is a big Cheremushkinskaya, 14 - it would be correct.

Leonid Velehov : I want one quote from her about the years of her wandering. "I spent almost all day in the forest, and returning home, slowed down the steps: I seemed to me that I would now meet Mandelsht's prison. It is possible to believe that a person is taken from home and simply destroy ... it is impossible to believe it, although it is possible Know the mind. We knew it, but could not believe it. " As stated, yes!

Pavel Nerler : Yes.

Leonid Velehov : Pasha, thank you very much for this completely wonderful hour spent in a conversation about Mandelstam.

Pavel Nerler : Thank you.

Nadezhda Mandelshtam not only the widow of the great poet.
In the 60s and 70s due to their "second book" memories
row no less than Solzhenitsyn or Nabokov,
thanks to its acute mind and inflexible nature
she became a cult figure for the intelligentsia.
In St. Petersburg there was Ahmatov, in Moscow - Mandelstam.

The female of the woman, twenty years holding a whole collection of poems, which preserved the clarity of the view, despite the terrible tests, will never forget the story. But this is not a "universal story." This is the history of personalities, the history of great people. ... Three generations of the Shklov family were associated with the hope of Yakovlevny almost related bonds. Remembers her Varvara Viktorovna Shklovskaya-Cordies

- Varvara Viktorovna, friendship with the hope of Yakovlyovna you got "inheritance." Probably, there was a lot of stories in the family of the sources of this friendship - about the Petrogradsky House of Art, with which many jokes are connected. For example, about torn Mandelstam's pants ...

V.Sh: - When Mandelstam brought Nadya from Kiev, immediately brought her to get acquainted with Mom and the Father, with whom he was friendly. At the same time, he kept his hat in his hand, closing the spherical on his pants. Mom said: "Osip Emilevich, remove the pants, now I am all the cas." Nadia objected: "By no way! He will then understand that it can be sewn! "

Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails.
I read the list of ships to the middle:
This long brood, this train is a cavity,
What over Ellowel once rose.

As a crane wedge in other people's frontiers -
On the heads of the kings Divine Foam -
Where are you floating? Whenever Elena
What exactness to you alone, Ahasey men?

And the sea, and Homer - everything moves love.
Who to listen to me? And here Homer is silent,
And sea black, watious, noise
And with a serious roar approaches the headboard.

- It seems that Mandelshtam is the most infamous man in Russian literature. Gorky gave him a sweater, although he refused pants. Pants gave him Gumilyov, and Mandelstam even said that he felt very courageous in Gumilyov's pants. Then his pants seem to give Kataev ...

Kataev, I must say, everything altered in his "diamond crown." All died, he appointed himself with Soviet Walter Scott, and suddenly it turned out that the deceased reader is more interesting than he, "Live Classic": Olesha, to whom he gave three rubles to the oobhymelka or did not give, Babel, Mandelstam ...

There were no second pants any of them - not those traded, as my father said. Father the second pants appeared, probably after seventy.

- There are legends about the extreme helplessness of Mandelstam: We were attacked by mockery and suffered from it, I did not know how to turn the stove, while your father is good, they say, I knew ...

Yes, none of them knew how to turn the stove. But about Mandelstam remembered. Of course, my father was more fun of breaking the chairs, because there was another design ... But, in general, all these jokes are "the name of Emma Gershtein." Her scandalous memoirs about Nadya is akin to the "diamond crown." My mother said: there is truth and there is a truth-uterus. The fact that the hope of Yakovlevna curved legs were, - a typical truth-uterus. How much she did for Mandelstam, how many people helped how many raised and learned - Emma Grigorievna for some reason does not remember. And about the curves, the legs remember ... very selective memory. She told me how once entered the room of Mandelstam in Herzen's house. Shklovsky was sitting in Turkish on the bed, and Mandelstam ran out of angle into the corner - some had a brilliant dispute about literature: "You know, cooking, I can't remember anything about what they were talking about ..." It is characteristic . Stupidity, gossip she remembers. And gossip, I think, in humans are not through frontal shares, but in other ways. Like pop music ...

"When Mandelstama returned to Moscow from Voronezh links, they were afraid to stay with you." Do you remember their appearance?

I remember my childhood difficulty ... 37th year, I'm ten years old. Parents are not at home. Osip Emilevich took a bath, I feed it in a room for the kitchen. Nada, who adored washed - all his life she was missing, - splashing in the bathroom ... A neighbor-stukachka came, Dolotskaya Lelia. Next to us in Lavrushinsky, the writer Bruno Yasensky was to live, who did not reach Laurelsky, disappeared on Lubyanka. In his apartment, a communal form was formed, in which this Lelia Pogolotskaya lived. So she entered when Mandelstam were. I do not remember under what a pretext. So I needed that she, on the one hand, did not find in the apartment naughty, nor Emilevich's Osipa, and on the other - to not rummaged in his father's manuscripts ... And I jumped on one leg, depicting a children's game.

- That is, how did your consciousness take it?

Such life was proposed to us. The other was not ... Then, when Stalin died, Lelia came to us, sobbing, and asked my mother and aunt: "Why are you not crying? I know you never loved him! "

- What is the impression on you made Mandelstama as a matrimonial couple?

Then women could not be clever. As Anna Andreevna said: "While our men were alive, we sat in the kitchen and cleaned herring." Once, Nadezhda Yakovlevna allowed himself some decisive statement, and Osip Emilevich said: "Give a telegram to China to the Chinese:" A very smart PCC I give advice to the TCK agree to come to the PCC. " And then he often said: "In China, the Chinese". So ... smart wives are not transferred to many. Nadezhda Yakovlevna, in addition to the female gymnasium, passed the exams for a good men. She was enough for her to pass exams and for the Philology Department of the University in Tashkent during the war. Since childhood knew several languages: her parents were taken a lot in Europe. They came to some new place and the morning released to walk - say, in Switzerland. She said: "I still remember the disgust: you go down to the courtyard, to jump into the classics, and there is again another language." She knew French perfectly. English. German owned. Spanish learned - she needed to read something ...

I came to her, I remember, Swedish, - she spoke to her with her in Swedish. I asked: "Nadya, how many languages \u200b\u200bdo you know?" -- "That is, as?" - "Well, to read to take place to take place, in order to do not feel someone else in another country?" She began to take it, knocked down ... Then she said: "Probably about thirty."

- Varvara Viktorovna, do you remember the hope of Yakovlevna after receiving the lead about the death of Mandelstam?

Nada is immediately terribly aged. And she was only 39 years old. And it was necessary to maintain everything that Osip Emilevich wrote.

And after the war, when she arrived in Moscow already with a diploma, he went to the ministry, there are the same horses, as she, stood along the wall all day, more often two days. They were caused to the office and gave directions to provincial pedagogical universities. Nadya on everything agreed. She was unpretentious. Required only one: the key from the teaching sorter. She could not sit in a sort of 12 people without partitions, with students. Other claims, in my opinion, did not have. But for more than two years she did not work anywhere, because immediately, after the first indicative lesson, where the Zabedroy came and other teachers came, it became clear how educated it. She couldn't hang anyone, but every time the Zavterika began the hysterical. And in two years later she came to the ministry again, again stood two days in the corridor and received the following direction ... And then the student came to her, these girls who graduated universities who understood that the sun was put on his head instead of a hat.

- In his memories, Nadezhda Yakovlevna says several times: it is so impossible to live that you need to leave ... And then, when Mandelstam died ...

She had an occupation that she kept her ...

- As you said well - "Lesson"!

And what about! She also remembered the poems of Emilievich Osipa ... Twenty years held them in memory, it is impossible to write on paper - and it is impossible to remove. She had no right.

- She was baptized in childhood ... Did you happen to observe her communication with his father Alexander Member, her spiritual father?

Nadya with him was very friend. For several years I lived in the cottage in Sechoz. I remember the dispute in the kitchen in the hope of Yakovlevna between Lv's Gumilev and Member. The dispute was about the devil and about how to treat him. It was their first meeting. Arranged Nada. Gumilev shot all sorts of its knowledge, which was more complete knowledge and a more qualified answer. He from all sides on his father Alexander jumped and fired him, but he reflected all his salts with a soft smile ...

Yes Yes. Finally, Gumilev said that, if the devil acts, it means that God congestives evil, because it says: not a single hair with your head flies, so that there is no will of God. "Here I agree with you," said Moon ... the elegant was a dispute ... And he ended in that Gumilev said Father Alexander: "Well, I did not expect such an interlocutor to meet. Not expected! But, tell me, because you, as I, did not expect. " Men answered: "Of course, a draw, zeros."

- And Nadezhda Yakovlevna in their conversation participated?

No, she was silent, sitting in the corner. It was a duel.

-- Nadezhda Yakovlevna died, knowing that in this country a man rarely be calm for his posthumous fate. So, about the Ahmatov funeral she said: "In this country, a person cannot die calmly." What do you remember the death and funeral of Hope Yakovlevna?

Until the last day, she continued to joke. He said: "Doctors advise me that I go twice as much as I want. I go and go. I want to go to the sort, and when I return - I don't want to ... "She weaker, they were all shorter meetings, but we did not leave her for a minute. They were on duty in turn ... Then, when she was taken away, the apartment was sealed, she was printed after a certain time ... But the archive did not disappear. And the bird did not disappear - there was such an iron bird, which Osip Emilevich always had with him. We took her. This is the only preserved thing she held in the hands of Osip Emilevich. Another setting, which in the coffin covered the hope. About which Mandelstam poems:

"We have a web
Scottish old blanket
You will cover them with them,
As a flag of the military, when I die ... "

Twisted her in the church of the sign of God's mother behind the river station. Next to her lay a woman - as if fate said, Anna lay nearby, with a simple, slightly flattered face. The people were scary a lot, the whole church bearing is clogged. When we endured the coffin, to the right and left of us there was a tightly to a crowd of people, and we sang the "Holy God, the Saint Strong, the Holy Immortal, Merry us." They walked and sang to the car itself. Then the photograph appeared in the Paris magazine "Christian Bulletin", and my neighbor, who was guarded by the secretary of the Writers of Verchenko, I said: "The emigrant magazine with your photo lies with Verchenko on the table. What do you say if you cause you? " I replied: "What I can tell you is: a friend buried - as I would like to harbor me ..."

Then, when the car drove into the cemetery, there were people in civilian clothes on the turn - they were accompanied by us all the time. We turned around a narrow path in the snow with the same singing carried Namental Coffin ...

Now next to her cross is a memorable stone with the name of Osipa Emilevich. All right: come to her - it means to him ...

http://atv.odessa.ua/programs/17/osip_mandel_shtam_chast_2_1823.html?order\u003ddesc?Order\u003dasc

Fragment from the book of Irina Odoin "on the banks of the Neva":

Steps on the stairs. Mandelstam pulls the neck and listens with a blissfully perplexed look.
- Is it Nadya. She went shopping, "he says changed, warmer voice. - You will see her now. And you will understand me.
The door opens. But the room is not the wife of Mandelstam, but a young man. In a brown suit. Briefly sked. With cigarette in your teeth. He resolutely and quickly comes to George Ivanov and stretches his hand.
- Hello, Georges! I immediately recognized you. The axis of you correctly described - a brilliant St. Petersburg.
Georgy Ivanov looks at her confused, not knowing whether it is possible to kiss the outstretched hand.
He has never seen women in a male suit. In those days it was completely unthinkable. Only after many years Marlene Dietrich introduced a fashion on men's suits. But it turns out to be the first woman in his pants she was not, but the wife of Mandelstam. Not Marlene Dietrich, and Nadezhda Mandelstam produced a revolution in the women's wardrobe. But, not as an example of Marlene Dietrich, she did not bring fame. Her bold innovation was not estimated either in Moscow, nor even her husband.
- Again, Nadia, my costume put on. After all, I do not get into your dresses? What are you like? Shame, shame, - he pounced on her. And turns to George Ivanov, looking for his support. - At least you, George, convinced her that was indecent. She does not listen to me. And makes my costumes.
She impatiently pulls his shoulder.
- Stop the axis, do not suit marital scenes. And then Georges will think that we live with you like a cat with a dog. But we welcome, like doves - like "clay doves".
It puts the grid on the table with all sorts of convolutions. NEP. And you can buy anything. There would be money.
- Well, you enjoy a friendly meeting here, and I'll cook lunch.
Mandelstam's wife, despite the deceptive appearance, turned out to be an excellent and herbs. Behind the borsk and hot followed coffee with sweet pies and home jam.
- This is Nadia all. Who could think? - He looks at his wife. - She knows everything. And so neat. Economical. I would disappear without it. Oh, how I love her.
Nadia smiles embarrassed, imposing his jam.
- Throw, axis, family delights are not more interesting than married scenes ...

Book "Memories"
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelshtam