Irregular verbs of the English language 3. Irregular verbs of the English language

Our topic today is an acquaintance with such an interesting phenomenon as the forms of irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. French also rich in irregular verbs. Three or four forms of irregular English verbs?

Romanian language, German, Latin language, Greek also contains irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words, Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? Everything is very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have the ending -ed.

How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?

For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple):

*work-* ra		sing
I worked	I translated	I managed
You worked	you translated	You managed
He worked	He translated	He managed
She worked	She translated	She managed
It worked	It translated	It managed
We worked	We translated	We managed
They worked	they translated	They managed

As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated in the same way, according to the scheme stem + ending -ed.

The situation is quite different in the case of irregular verbs. We conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are incorrect, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, completely different form at the end or even at the root of the word:

*blow-* blow	*go-* go	*bring-* bring
I blew	I went	I brought
You blew	You went	You brought
He blew	He went	He brought
She blew	She went	She brought
It blew	It went	It brought
We blew	We went	We brought
They blew	They went	They brought

Even to the naked eye it is clear that each of these verbs appeared in its own, completely different from the others, form. The catch is that there is no specific rule by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them hides in their own way. The English language, friends, is full of tricky things and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.

Three forms of irregular verbs

So what are these three forms?

The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
The third is Past Participle II, the one that is used in the perfect present tense (Present Perfect) and in the past tense (Past Perfect). The same form is used in the Passive Voice, Conditional of the 3-d case, and some other grammatical rules.

Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:

To arise - arose - arisen - rise
To be - was, were - been - to be
To bear - bore - born - give birth
To become - became - become - become, become
To begin - began - begun - begin
To catch - caught - caught - catch, catch
To choose - chose - chosen - choose
To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
To dream - dream - dream - dream, dream
To feel - felt - felt - feel
To forget - forgot - forgotten - forget
To have - had - had - to have

Now let's look at these 3 forms using examples of sentences in all of the above tenses of verbs.

So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):

Yesterday she felt(self-bad) to feel). She felt bad yesterday. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). We met Jim last Wednesday. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “I dreamed about you last night. I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.

Perfect present tense of the verb (Present Perfect Tense):

I have just seen him ( to see). “I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.

The past tense of the verb (Past Perfect Tense):

I noticed that I had forgotten my keys( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). He realized that he had lost his papers.

Passive voice (Passive Voice):

The dog is fed by me ( to feed). The dog is fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.

Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). Here are the second and third forms:

If I had money, I would buy a car to have). - If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?

Irregular Verbs Cheat Sheet

As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed, each has its own. But, we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember such irregular verbs:

To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broke-broken

To come-came-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim swam swum

To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flew-flown

Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten

To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept

To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught

To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought

To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost

To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held

From this funny poetic form, we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thus make it easier for us to memorize them.

The "fourth" form of irregular verbs

There is a popular belief that there is also a 4th form of irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme base + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous (Present Continuous) and the past continuous (Past Continuous). In other words, this is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.

Consider this same 4th form using examples of sentences with Present Continuous:

The same 4th form in sentences with Past Continuous.

Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.

In English, there is a special category of verbs that does not follow the generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are called "wrong". Unlike “regular” verbs, to which the ending –ed is added to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:

put - put - put;
drive - driven - driven.

If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second has to be learned directly by memorization.

Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have come to the conclusion that these are some kind of "fossils" that have remained in the language since ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. Irregular verbs fall into this category.

Table of irregular English verbs:

VERB	PAST SIMPLE	PAST PARTICIPLE	TRANSLATION
abide [əbʌid]	abode [əbəud]	abode [əbəud]	endure, endure
arise [ə"raiz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə "riz (ə) n]	to arise, to occur
awake [ə"weik]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [ə"wəukən]	wake up, wake up
be	were, were	been	Be
bear	bore	borne	Carry, take out
beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	Beat
become	became	become	Become
begin	began	begun	Start off
hold	beheld	beheld	contemplate, see
bend	bent	bent	Bend
bereave		bereft / bereaved	deprive, take away
beseech		besought / beseeched	Ask, beg
beset	beset	beset	Surround
bet	bet	bet	bet
bid	bid / bade	bidden	offer, order
bind	bound	bound	bind
bite	bit	bitten	Bite, peck
bleed	bled	bled	Bleed
blow	blew	blown	Blow
break	broke	broken ["brouk(e)n]	Break
breed	bred	bred	Breed, propagate
bring	brought	brought	Bring
browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeat ["braubi:t]	browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t]	Intimidate, intimidate
build	built	built	Build
burn	burnt	burnt	burn
burst	burst	burst	Break out
bust	busted	busted	go bankrupt, go bankrupt
buy	bought	bought	Buy
cast	cast	cast	Throw, throw away
catch	caught	caught	catch, seize, catch
choose	chose [ʃəuz]	chosen	Choose
cleave	cleft	cleft	Split, cut
cling	clung	clung	cling, hold on
clothes		clothed / clad	Dress
come	came	come	Come
cost	cost	cost	Cost
creep	crept	crept	Crawl
cut	cut	cut	Cut
deal	dealt	dealt	Deal with
dig	arc	arc	Dig
disprove	disproved	disproved / disproved	Refute
dive	dove	dived	dive, dive
do	did	done	Do
draw	drew	drawn	draw, drag
dream	dream	dream	Dream, nap
drink	drank	drunk	Drink
drive	drove	driven ["driven]	drive
dwell		dwelt / dwelled	live, dwell
eat	ate	eaten ["i:tn]	Eat
fall	fell	fallen ["fɔ:lən]	Fall
feed	fed	fed	Feed
feel	felt	felt	Feel
fight	fought	fought	Fight
find	found	found	Find
fit	fit	fit	Fit to size
fleece	fled	fled	Run away, disappear
fling	flung	flung	Throw, throw
fly	flew	flown	Fly
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Forbid
forgo (forego)	future	foregone	Refuse, refrain
forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	forecast ["fɔ:ka:st]	Predict
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	foresee, foresee
foretell	foretold	foretold	predict, foretell
forget	forgot	forgotten	Forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forgive
forsake	forsook	forsaken	leave, leave
freeze	frozen	frozen ["frouzn]	Freeze
get	got	got	Receive
gild	gilt	gilt	Gild
give	gave	given	giving
go	went	gone	Go
grind	ground	ground	grind, grind
grow	grew	grown	Grow
hang	hung	hung	Hang
have	had	had	Have
hear	heard	heard	Hear
hide	hidden	hidden ["hidden]	Hide
heave	heaved/hove	heaved/hove	Pull, push
hew	hewed	hewn/hewed/	Chop, cut down
hit	hit	hit	hit the target
hide	hidden	hidden	hide, hide
hold	held	held	Hold
hurt	hurt	hurt	Hurt
inlay [ɪnˈleɪ]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd]	invest (money), encrust
input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	input [ˈɪnpʊt]	enter, enter
interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv]	interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv]	interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n]	Weave
keep	kept	kept	Contain
kneel	knelt	knelt	Kneel
knit	knit	knit	Knit, darn
know	knew	known	Know
lay	laid	laid	put
lead	led	led	News
lean	lean	lean	Tilt
leap	leapt	leapt	Jump, jump
learn	learned	learned	Learn
leave	left	left	Leave
lend	lent	lent	borrow
let	let	let	Let
lie	lay	lain	Lie
light	lit	lit	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	Lose
make	made	made	Produce
mean	meant	meant	To mean
meet	met	met	Meet
mistake	mistook	mistaken	make mistakes
mow	moved	mown	Mow, cut
overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm]	overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm]	overcome, overcome
pay	paid	paid	To pay
plead		pleaded/pled	Beg, ask
prove	proved	proven	Prove
put	put	put	Put
quit	quit	quit	go out
read	read	read	Read
relay	relayed	relayed	transmit, broadcast
rid	rid	rid	release, release
ride	rode	ridden ["ridn]	ride a horse
ring	rank	rung	Ring
rise	rose	risen ["rizn]	Get up
run	ran	run	run
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn	sawing, sawing
say	said	said	Speak
see	saw	seen	See
seek	sought	sought	Search
sell	sold	sold	Sell
send	sent	sent	Send
set	set	set	Put
sew	sewed	sewn	Sew
shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n]	Shake
shave [ʃeɪv]	shaved [ʃeɪvd]	shaved [ʃeɪvd] / shaven [ʃeɪvən]	Shave, shave
shear [ʃɪə]	sheared [ʃɪəd]	sheared [ʃɪəd] / shorn [ʃɔ:n]	Shear, cut
shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	shed [ʃed]	spill, lose
shine [ʃaɪn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	shone [ʃoʊn]	Shine, shine
shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	shit [ʃit]	crap
shoe [ʃu:]	shod [ʃɒd]	shod [ʃɒd]	Shoe, shoe
shoot [ʃu:t]	shot [ʃɒt]	shot [ʃɒt]	shoot, take pictures
show [ʃəu]	showed [ʃəud]	shown [ʃəun]	Show
shrink [ʃriŋk]	shrank [ʃræŋk]	shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]	Reduce
shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	Close
sing	sang	sung	Sing
sink	sank, sunk	sunk	Drown
sit	sat	sat	Sit
slay	slew	slain	Kill, kill
sleep	slept	slept	Sleep
slide	slide	slide	Slide
sling	slung	slung	hang up
slink		slinked / slunk	slip away
slit	slit	slit	Cut, cut
smell	smelt	smelt	smell, feel
smite	smote	smitten [ˈsmɪtn]	hit, hit
sow	sowed	sown	Sow
speak	spoke	spoken ["spouk(e)n]	Speak
speed	sped	sped	Hurry, run
spell	spelt	spelt	To spell
spend	spent	spent	Spend
spill	spilt	spilt	Shed
spin	spun	spun	Spin, spin
sleep	spit / spat	spit / spat	Spit
split	split	split	Divide, break
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	Spoil
spread	spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung	Jump
stand	stood	stood	Stand
steal	stole	stolen ["stəulən]	Steal
stick	stuck	stuck	prick
sting	stung	stung	Sting
stink	stank	stun	stink, smell
strew	strewed	strewn	To sprinkle
stride	strode	stridden	Step
strike	struck	struck / stricken	Beat, strike
string	string	string	string, hang
striving		strove / striving	try, try
wear	swore	sworn	swear, swear
sweat		sweat / sweated	Sweat
sweep	swept	swept	sweep
swell	swollen	swollen ["swoul(e)n]	Swell
swim	swam	swum	Swim
swing	swung	swung	Sway
take	took	taken ["teik(ə)n]	Take, take
teach	taught	taught	Learn
tear	tore	torn	Tear
tell	told	told	Tell
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]	Think
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]	Throw
thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	thrust [θrʌst]	to thrust, to thrust
thread	trod	trodden	trample, crush
undergo [ʌndəˈɡəʊ]	life [ʌndə "wɛnt]	undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn]	experience, endure
understand [ʌndə"stænd]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	Understand
undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk]	undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk]	[ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n]	undertake, make
undo ["ʌn"du:]	undid ["ʌn" dɪd]	undone ["ʌn"dʌn]	Destroy, cancel
upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	upset [ʌp"set]	upset, upset
wake	woke	woken ["wouk(e)n]	Wake up
wear	wore	worn	Wear
weave	wove/weaved	wove/weaved	Weave, weave
wed	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd]	Marry
weep	wept	wept	Cry
wet	wet	wet	wet
win	won	won	Win
wind	wound	wound	Wriggle
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	Remove, remove
withhold	withheld	withheld	hold, hide
withstand	withstood	withstood	endure, resist
ring	wrung	wrung	Squeeze, twist
write	wrote	written ["ritn]	Write

Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:

Top 100 irregular verbs in English.

In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in English (top 100 compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voice acting, etc. The most used irregular verbs come first, followed by the less used ones.

Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.

British Irregular Verbs in English. The author makes it possible to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.

Learning irregular English verbs with the help of rap.

An interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.

Examples of the use of irregular verbs:

1. I could swim when I was five.	1. I could swim when I was five years old.

2. Peter became an enterpreneur by chance.	2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident.

3. He took another day off.	3. He took another day off.

4. They had two cats and a dog.	4. They had two cats and one dog.

5. We did lots of work yesterday.	5. We did a great job yesterday.

6. Jane ate the last piece of cake.	6. Jane ate the last piece of the pie.

7. He got another chance to gain her heart.	7. He got another chance to win her heart.

8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son.	8. I gave my old bicycle to the neighbor's son.

9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago..	9. We went to the nearest store shopping mall two days ago.

10. She made a rather delicious pasta.	10. She made quite tasty pasta.


11. Have you bought a new car?	11. Have you bought a new car?

12. We've driven all the way down to her house.	12. We drove all the way to her house.

13. She's grown so much since we last saw her.	13. She has grown so much since we last saw her.

14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle?	14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle?

15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood.	15. You do not need to repeat twice, as everything is understood.

16. Their dog has bitten my sister today.	16. Their dog bit my sister today.

17. Have you chosen your future profession?	17. Have you chosen your future profession?

18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths.	18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths.

19. I "ve hidden a folder and now I can't find it.	19. I hid the folder and now I can't find it.

20. It was thought to be necessary for him.	20. Everyone thought it would do him good.

English is the language of exceptions, where when studying a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not work. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But without them it is impossible, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we will consider in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

The difficulty in using irregular verbs is experienced not only by foreigners, but also by the speakers themselves. Nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standard nature of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, the Americans are trying with might and main to get rid of irregular shape, converting it to the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both variants of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

infinitive, aka ;
I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
Past Participle II, or Participle II, for Past Perfect, Passive Voice and Conditional of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which past form(Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

When forming the forms Participle I and Participle II, there are some features:

if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
the consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
if the verb ends in -y followed by a consonant, then y is changed to i before adding -ed.

Irregular verbs are those that do not obey the general rule when forming temporary forms. In English, these include the simple past tense verb forms (Past Simple) and Participle II (Participle II).

Irregular Verbs formed with:

ablaut, in which the root is changed. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes that are different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

the same or unchanged form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.

In total, there are 218 irregular verbs in English, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent studies in the field of language show that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with regular verb forms, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table "Three forms of the verb in English" - the table represents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three forms of irregular verbs in English" includes the most commonly used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and a translation.

Irregular verbs came into modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs originated from the so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Harvard researchers found that most of the verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so, as they are used more often than others.

In the history of the English language there is such a phenomenon when the correct verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they get into awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who has been sure all her life that the verb sneak is correct.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. Dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, do not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most commonly used verbs.

		Past Participle I and II
ask
answer
allow
agree
borrow, borrow

copy, rewrite
prepare
close

carry, drag
call, call
discuss
decide, decide
explain	explain
slide
cry, scream
finish, finish, end

shine
rub
grab
to help
happen, happen
manage
look


like
move, move
manage
be necessary, need
open
recall


suggest	sajgest
study, learn
stop, stop
start off
travel
speak
transfer	transitlate
try, try
use
worry
walk, walk
look

work

Examples of the use of 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of usage and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular, the other with irregular verbs.

Grammar design	Example in English	Translation
past simple	Peter worked yesterday. She felt bad last week.	Peter worked yesterday. She didn't feel well last week.
Present perfect tense	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?
Past Perfect Tense	I understood that I had used my last ticket. Helen noticed that she had forgotten her documents at home.	I realized that I had used the last ticket. She realized that she forgot the documents at home.
Passive Voice	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. A baby is sung a lullaby every night.	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. The baby is sung a lullaby every night.
Conditional	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would have done it.	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would.

Exercises

For better memorization of irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

I was reading a book.
We saw them yesterday.
The Smiths lived in London until 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
Alice was a university student in 2014.
They worked for the same company two years ago.
He just finished training.
When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, travelled, used, worked.

Exercise 3

I read a book.
We saw them yesterday.
The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
They worked in the same company two years ago.
He has just finished training.
When we were children we were taken for a walk to this park.
I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Get in the habit of periodically repeating the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.

English requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priorities are obtaining knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within the framework of this goal is occupied, for which there are quite rational explanations.

Verb / Verb
be	were, were	been	Be
beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	Beat
become	became	become	Become
begin	began	begun	Start off
bleed	bled	bled	Bleed
blow	blew	blown	Blow
break	broke	broken ["brouk(e)n]	Break
bring	brought	brought	Bring
build	built	built	Build
burn	burnt	burnt	burn
burst	burst	burst	Break out
buy	bought	bought	Buy
catch	caught	caught	catch, seize, catch
choose	chose [ʃəuz]	chosen	Choose
come	came	come	Come
cost	cost	cost	Cost
creep	crept	crept	Crawl
cut	cut	cut	Cut
do	did	done	Do
draw	drew	drawn	draw, drag
dream	dream	dream	Dream, nap
drink	drank	drunk	Drink
drive	drove	driven ["driven]	drive
eat	ate	eaten ["i:tn]	Eat
fall	fell	fallen ["fɔ:lən]	Fall
feed	fed	fed	Feed
feel	felt	felt	Feel
fight	fought	fought	Fight
find	found	found	Find
fit	fit	fit	Fit to size
fly	flew	flown	Fly
forget	forgot	forgotten	Forget
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forgive
freeze	frozen	frozen ["frouzn]	Freeze
get[get]	got	got	Receive
give	gave	given	giving
go	went	gone	Go

grow	grew	grown	Grow
hang	hung	hung	Hang
have	had	had	Have
hear	heard	heard	Hear
hide	hidden	hidden ["hidden]	Hide
hit	hit	hit	hit the target
hold	held	held	Hold
hurt	hurt	hurt	Hurt
keep	kept	kept	Contain
kneel	knelt	knelt	Kneel
know	knew	known	Know
lay	laid	laid	put
lead	led	led	News
lean	lean	lean	Tilt
learn	learned	learned	Learn
leave	left	left	Leave
lend	lent	lent	borrow
let	let	let	Let
lie	lay	lain	Lie
light	lit	lit	illuminate
lose	lost	lost	Lose
make	made	made	Produce
mean	meant	meant	To mean
meet	met	met	Meet
mistake	mistook	mistaken	make mistakes
pay	paid	paid	To pay
prove	proved	proven	Prove
put	put	put	Put
quit	quit	quit	go out
read	read	read	Read
ride	rode	ridden ["ridn]	ride a horse
ring	rank	rung	Ring
rise	rose	risen ["rizn]	Get up
run	ran	run	run
say	said	said	Speak
see	saw	seen	See
seek	sought	sought	Search
sell	sold	sold	Sell
send	sent	sent	Send

set	set	set	Put
sew	sewed	sewn	Sew
shake [ʃeik]	shook [ʃuk]	shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n]	Shake
show [ʃəu]	showed [ʃəud]	shown [ʃəun]	Show
shrink [ʃriŋk]	shrank [ʃræŋk]	shrunk [ʃrʌŋk]	Reduce
shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	shut [ʃʌt]	Close
sing	sang	sung	Sing
sink	sank, sunk	sunk	Drown
sit	sat	sat	Sit
sleep	slept	slept	Sleep
slide	slide	slide	Slide
sow	sowed	sown	Sow
speak	spoke	spoken ["spouk(e)n]	Speak
spell	spelt	spelt	To spell
spend	spent	spent	Spend
spill	spilt	spilt	Shed
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	Spoil
spread	spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung	Jump
stand	stood	stood	Stand
steal	stole	stolen ["stəulən]	Steal
stick	stuck	stuck	prick
sting	stung	stung	Sting
sweep	swept	swept	sweep
swell	swollen	swollen ["swoul(e)n]	Swell
swim	swam	swum	Swim
swing	swung	swung	Sway
take	took	taken ["teik(ə)n]	Take, take
teach	taught	taught	Learn
tear	tore	torn	Tear
tell	told	told	Tell
think [θiŋk]	thought [θɔ:t]	thought [θɔ:t]	Think
throw [θrəu]	threw [θru:]	thrown [θrəun]	Throw
understand [ʌndə"stænd]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	understood [ʌndə"stud]	Understand
wake	woke	woken ["wouk(e)n]	Wake up
wear	wore	worn	Wear
weep	wept	wept	Cry
wet	wet	wet	wet
win	won	won	Win
wind	wound	wound	Wriggle
write	wrote	written ["ritn]	Write

Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?

So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful study of English. Many people have been convinced of this. Consider the main nuances.

Practice shows that half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are the incorrect use of forms and tenses of verbs. Often the verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. That's why table of irregular verbs must be fully explored. Otherwise, it is realistic to get negative consequences, consisting in a confusion of phrases. When there are many mistakes, the desire to learn the language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.

Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in terms of impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, referring them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although with time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the twists of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them, it is impossible to learn English. Many people who have devoted their free time to studying have been able to verify this. international language. A systematic approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered to be difficult in terms of learning.

The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is like an irregular verb. If it is perceived this way, then in practice there will be confusion. Every nuance is important and worth considering.

You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. Most of them are based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn after. At all, basic irregular verbs in English yet they have a certain system. She will help you learn them.

Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are assimilated once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English. Therefore, it is worth giving them time.

If you have reached the study of verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech, as correct and incorrect. It is about the latter that we will talk and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.

So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to delimit according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.

Forms of irregular verbs in English

Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are, when and how they are used. Indeed, when reading a rule, you often stumble upon the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what is it, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).

First form is it an infinitive or first column of the table. It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences Past Simple.

The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).

Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form is the most commonly used verb. At times Perfect, at all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.

fourth form is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the group Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some.

When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.

How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?

It is impossible to clearly determine that these words change in this way, and others - the second or third. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.

By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build-built-built.
And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.

How to learn irregular verbs?

Everyone has their own methodology, their own way, which has its pros and cons. But I would like to start by saying a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar book, dictionary, online resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don't learn 10 at once, take 5, spread over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I find the second one to be more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will break all the irregular English verbs into groups.

1. Match completely

bet	bet	bet	bet
cost	cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut	cut
hit	hit	hit	strike
hurt	hurt	hurt	damage
let	let	let	let
put	put	put	put
set	set	set	install, set
Shed	Shed	Shed	dump
shut	shut	shut	close
sleep	sleep	sleep	spit
split	split	split	divide, split
spread	spread	spread	distribute
trust	trust	trust	trust

2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t

3. Matches the second and third forms - d-t

4. The root vowel changes - ew - own

5. A group of verbs with different root vowels

6. Endings aught/ought

7. Vowel alternation

become	became	become	become
come	came	come	come
run	ran	run	run

8. Vowel alternation + en ending

9. Alternation, ending en, doubling the consonant

bite	bit	bitten	bite
fall	fell	fallen	fall
forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbid
hide	hidden	hidden	hide
ride	rode	ridden	ride
write	wrote	written	write
forget	forgot	forgotten	forget

10. The second and third forms coincide

	second and third
built	built	build
dig	arc	drip
find	found	find
get	got	receive
have	had	have
hear	heard	hear
hold	held	hold
lead	led	lead
leave	left	leave
lose	lost	lose
make	made	do
shine	shone	shine
shoot	shot	fire
sit	sat	sit
win	won	win
stick	stuck	stick, stick,
strike	struke	hit, hit
stand	stood	stand
understand	understood	understand
deal	dealt	deal with
mean	meant	to mean
sell	sold	sell
tell	told	speak
lay	laid	put
pay	paid	to pay
say	said	say
bleed	bled	bleed
feel	felt	feel
meet	met	meet
feed	fed	feed

11. Have two options

burn	burnt/burned	burnt/burned	burn, burn
dream	dream/dream	dream/dream	dream
dwell	dwelt/dwelled	dwelt/dwelled	dwell, live
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged	hang
kneel	knelt/kneeled	knelt/kneeled	kneel down, bow down
knit	knit/knitted	knit/knitted	to knit
lean	lean/leaned	lean/leaned	lean, lean
leap	leapt/leaped	leapt/leaped	jump up, jump
learn	learned/learned	learned/learned	learn
light	lit/lighted	lit/lighted	spark off
prove	proved	proven/proved	prove
sew	sewed	sewn/sewed	sew
smell	smelt/smelled	smelt/smelled	smell, smell
speed	speeded/speeded	speeded/speeded	accelerate
spell	spell/spelled	spell/spelled	to spell
spoil	spoilt/spoiled	spoilt/spoiled	spoil

12. Completely different shapes

Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reset yourself, learn from the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand vocabulary.