What the presentation fables tell about. Presentation "Russian fable"
The presentation provides information about fables as a special genre of literature. This gives the structure of the fables, their features and the algorithm for working on the fable. primary school the fables of I.A. Krylov are studied, therefore the adapted information is illustrated by their example.
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A fable is a small work written in a moralizing manner in verse or prose. The characters in the fables are animals and inanimate objects. Sometimes people are also the main heroes of the fable. In fables, various vices (shortcomings) of people are ridiculed - cunning, greed, stupidity, laziness and others.
a specific advice, rule, or guideline "attached" to the story. Such a conclusion is usually located at the end of the composition, but it can be submitted at the beginning of the composition. Some authors present it in the form of the final word of one of the characters in the fable. The fable has two parts. NARRATION MORAL (conclusion)
MORALITY (MORALITY) in a fable is its foundation, this is its main purpose. one event in the life of a hero, a short duration of action, only two or three characters IMPORTED IN THE BATH
Although he wrote about animals In his works, But in fables everyone recognized the image of Friends. Ivan Andreevich Krylov became a great Russian fabulist. He wrote exactly 200 fables and himself combined them into 9 books. The heroes of his fables were most often animals and inanimate objects. They act like people, but their behavior makes fun of the vices of human nature. Many animals represent some kind of character trait. For example, a fox symbolizes cunning, a lion - courage, a goose - stupidity, an owl - wisdom, a hare - cowardice, and so on.
Ivan Andreevich began writing fables at the age of 37 and signed up for "NAVI VOLYRK".
Define your reading task. Choose the tone of reading: - speeches of heroes - morality - explanations of the author. Emphasize intonation the ironic attitude towards the heroes of the fable. Fable reading algorithm:
Teacher prepared presentation primary grades Cherches Elena Nikolaevna. / GBOU school number 1959 "Children of the World" SEAD Moscow /
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Genres of children's fiction. Fable. I.A.Krylov "The Crow and the Fox"
Purpose: generalization of knowledge about the work of I.A. Krylova, improving skills expressive reading; development of students' critical thinking, ability to draw conclusions; development of creative imagination ...
Municipal autonomous educational institution
Perevozsky municipal district of the Nizhny Novgorod region
"Secondary School No. 1 in Perevoz"
Russian fable
Completed: student of grade 5 b
Bychkov Vsevolod
Teacher: N.A. Kraeva
perevoz
Objectives:
1. To define the concept of "fable";
2. Determine the relevance of the fable as literary genre;
3. Identify the constituent parts of the fable;
4. Highlight the features of the genre of the fable;
5. Get acquainted with the great fabulists.
“Story and purpose -
this is the essence of the fable;
satire and irony -
these are its main qualities. "
(V.G.Belinsky)
The purpose of fables
“When primitive man felt himself a man, he looked around him and for the first time thought about the world and about himself. Essentially, these were two questions: how does the world work?
and how should a person behave in this world? He answered the first question with a myth.
On the second question - a fable. "
(M. L. Gasparov "Aesop's Fables")
Fable - one of small epic genres.
Always a story, a story
A small story, almost an anecdote
Fable
story
moral conclusion
FABRIC AS A GENRE
Fable - short story, most often in poetry, mainly of a satirical nature.
The fable consists of an introduction, a description of events and a moral.
Some words and phrases are associated with the fable genre:
Allegory (Greek) - an allegorical image of a concept or phenomenon of reality using a specific image. Allegory is often used in fables, where cunning is allegorically depicted in the form of a fox, greed in the guise of a wolf, cunning in the form of a snake, etc.
Aesopian language -
speech that is replete with allegories, omissions and other techniques to hide the direct meaning.
Morality (lat.) - a logical, instructive conclusion from something.
- The fable briefly depicts an event that has an instructive meaning, and the actions of animals resemble those of people;
- The fable ridicules human vices;
- A fable has a teaching, a moral.
Great fabulists
Often parents and adults around us read moral teachings to us. Do we like it? Do these teachings help to correct the situation?
The legendary fabulist Aesop, who lived in Ancient Greece back in 440 BC. suggested doing it in a different form.
According to him, it is not at all necessary to describe human vices and deeds in a boring tirade, but it is enough to depict them in a short live story - prosaic or poetic –
fable.
I.A. Krylov
"Mirror and the Monkey"
There are many such examples in the world: No one likes to recognize himself in satire. I even saw that yesterday: That Klimich is unclean at hand, everyone knows this: They read about bribes to Klimich, And he furtively nods at Peter.
"Rooster and Cuckoo"
Why, not fearing sin, does the Cuckoo praise the Rooster? For praising the Cuckoo.
"A Crow and a fox"
How many times have they told the world that flattery is abominable, harmful; but everything is not for the future, And in the heart the flatterer will always find a corner.
"Monkey and glasses"
Unfortunately, it happens with people: No matter how useful a thing is, - not knowing the price of it, the Ignorant about it all tends to the worst; And if the ignorant is more knowledgeable, So he also drives her away.
"Elephant and Pug"
Let the dogs say: "Ai pug! Know she is strong, What barks at an elephant!"
Conclusion:
The purpose of the fable is to ridicule human vices, the shortcomings of public life.
There is a moralizing conclusion in the fable at the beginning or end, the main idea fables are moral.
We need fables, thanks to them, we learn to distinguish between good and evil using simple and accessible examples.
Test yourself!
TEST
- A fable is called:
A) a story in verse about an event, case;
B) a short moralizing work in which there is an allegory and a morality specially highlighted by the author;
C) a short poem, in a witty form, ridiculing a person, less often a group of people or a social phenomenon.
2. The conclusion in the fable is called:
A) teaching; B) morality; C) instruction; D) reasoning.
3. Determine the name of the technique characteristic of the fable:
A) allegory; B) a spell; C) description; D) repetition.
4. Who is known as the first fabulist?
A) Jean de La Fontaine; B) Aesop; C) Krylov; D) Lomonosov.
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Anna Gladyr 4 "A" class Teacher: Andreeva Irina Anatolyevna Dubrovitsy - 2008 MOU "Dubrovitskaya average comprehensive school named after Hero of Russia A. Monetov
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THE FIRST FABRICATORS The first fables were known in ancient times. It is believed that the first ancient Greek fabulists were Hesiod (late 9th-8th centuries BC) and Stesichor (6th century BC).
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EZOP lived in the middle of the 6th century. BC. Aesop is the most famous ancient fabulist, whose works have become classics and have been repeatedly translated into languages \u200b\u200bof the world. Aesop is a semi-legendary personality, about whose life there were many stories. It is believed that he lived on the island of Samos and was the slave of a certain Iadmon; it was in the first third of the 6th century, until about 560 BC; and he was slain in Delphi.
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ILLUSTRATION TO EZOP'S TOWER. 15th century manuscript, France FOX AND GRAPES The hungry Fox noticed a bunch of grapes hanging from a vine and wanted to get it, but could not. She left and said: "He is not yet ripe." Someone cannot do something due to lack of strength, but blames the case for this. Aesop wrote over 400 short prose fables
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In the 2nd century AD, the ancient Greek poet Babrius first transposed Aesop's fables in verse. Since that time, fables have existed mainly in poetic form.
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JEAN de LAFONTIN (1621-1695) The famous French fabulist. Published 12 books of fables. La Fontaine's morality is the preaching of worldly wisdom. He is characterized by high artistry in the depiction of the animal world, poetry.
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IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV Russia 13.02.1769 - 21.11.1844 THE GREAT RUSSIAN BASNOPIST Born in Moscow into a merchant family. He lost his father early and owes his upbringing and education to his mother. IN early XIX century Krylov began to translate the fables of Jean de La Fontaine - the result was magnificent transcriptions of La Fontaine's fables, significantly different from the originals in their satirical orientation. In his fables, Krylov gave us advice on how to live. He wanted the people who read his fables, that is, you and I, to become wiser, kinder. Every fable contains morality.
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The fable legacy of I.A.Krylov includes about 200 fables. "Poetic lessons of wisdom" - this is how Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky said about them
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Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol: "His parables are the property of the people and make up the book of wisdom of the people themselves." Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin found in Krylov's fables the distinctive properties of our people: "a cheerful slyness of mind, mockery and a picturesque way of expressing himself." ABOUT KRYLOV'S CREATIVITY
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Presentation by V.M. Gorelova
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Historical reference
The fable genre has its roots in the folklore of many peoples.
Scientists attribute the first written signs of "fable" to the Sumerian-Akkadian texts.
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Historical background In world literature, the fable tradition is richly represented by two branches:
eastern - in Indian ("Panchatantra" 3rd century BC), Syrian, Arabic ("Kalila and Dimna" 8th century), Byzantine literature
western - in the literature of the Roman Empire (Phaedrus, Babrius), in medieval literature (Latin fable "Romulus", French "Isopetus"), in French and German literature of modern times J. Lafontaine, C.F. Gellert, T. De Iriarte, L. Holberg, I. Krasitsky.
Babriy "Kalila and Dimna" J. Lafontaine C.F. Gellert
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In Russia, the main stages in the development of the fable genre were the fables of M.V. Lomonosov and A.D. Kantemir, the amusing fable of A.P. Sumarokov, the edifying I.I.Khemnitser, the graceful I.I. Krylova, colorful household A.E. Izmailova.
A.D.Kantemir A.P. Sumarokov I.I. Khemnitser A.E. Izmailov I.I.Dmitriev
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Ivan Andreevich Krylov (1769 - 1844)
The fables of I.A. Krylov are the brightest phenomenon of Russian literature.
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Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born on February 13, 1769 in Moscow into the family of a retired officer. The family lived very poorly, and could not give a systematic education to the child. Very early, as a teenager, I.A. Krylov went to work. However, he stubbornly and did a lot of self-education, studied literature, mathematics, French and Italian. At the age of 14, he first tried his hand at the literary field. However, his early comedies fell flat. In 1809, the first book of fables by I.A. Krylov was published and from that moment on, real glory comes to him.
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The peculiarities of the fable as a literary genre come especially clearly when compared with a poem on a similar topic.
The pig under the century-old Oak Has eaten its fill of acorns, has finished dumping; After eating, I slept under it; Then, having pierced her eyes, she got up And began to undermine the roots of the Oak with her snout. “After all, it harms the tree, - the Crow says to her with Oak, - if you bare the roots, it can dry up”. “Let it dry,” says the Pig, “It doesn't bother me at all: I see little use in it; Though not for a century, I will not regret it at all; Only there were acorns: after all, I get fat from them. " “Ungrateful! - said Oak to her here. - Whenever you could raise your snout. You should have seen. That these acorns are growing on me. " _______________________ The ignorant is also blinded Scolds science and learning, And all scientific works, Without feeling that he is eating their fruits.
What a wonderful pig! As if looking at me! But no, he, clean and pink, Welcomes the beginning of the day. With his eyes he looks at the world, Not knowing the sorrows in the beginning. The careless kid revealed to Me the secret of childhood without sadness.
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Characteristic features of the fable.
1. A fable is an allegorical, allegorical story about the phenomena of life, human characters and relationships between people, translated into pictures of the life of animals, birds, things. At the heart of allegorism is personification - endowing animals, insects, plants with signs of people.
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The fable consists of two parts - the picture and the moral, i.e. story and edification.
3. In the fable, the serious is mixed with the funny, so it makes me laugh and at the same time teaches. 4. Dialogue is always present in the fable. 5. Fable is characterized by aphorism and brevity.
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6. Fable verse is special - it has lines of different lengths, which helps convey spoken language.
7. Among all the characters in the fable, the author occupies a special place. He acts as a wise, crafty, and observant storyteller. It is in his mouth that I.A. Krylov puts the moral of the fable.
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The ideological meaning of the fable by I.A.Krylov "PIG UNDER THE OAK"
What's so funny about a fable? What is the meaning of the allegory? Which of the heroes of the fable expresses a serious approach to life? What is the meaning of the moral of this fable?
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Modern sounding fable.
IA Krylov proclaims the need for a moral attitude towards science and teaching. It is impossible to deny the benefits of science, but it is also impossible to abuse it to the detriment of a person, - so I.A. Krylov believed.
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Distinctive features of the fables of I.A. Krylov
- proximity to Russian folk tale - lively and relaxed language
The authors - predecessors of I.A., Krylov in the fable were dominated by a didactic moment - morality. IA Krylov created a satire fable, a fable - a comedy scene. In contrast to the traditional schematism of the genre, the conventionally allegorical characters in Krylov's fables carry the real features of people; they are included by the writer in the wide panorama of Russian society, representing its various social strata - from the tsar to the shepherd.
Monument to I.A. Krylov at Patriarch's Ponds in Moscow. Sculptors A.A. Drevin and D.Yu. Mitlyansky.
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In total, I.A. Krylov wrote more than 200 fables and published 9 books. He died as a recognized leading figure in literature.
Monument to I.A. Krylov in the Summer Garden, St. Petersburg. Sculptor Klodt P.K.
The grave of I.A. Krylov at the Tikhvin cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, St. Petersburg
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Slide captions:
RUSSIAN FABRIC RUSSIAN FABLE Each fable has its own story
A fable is a short poetic or prosaic story of a moral character that has an allegorical, allegorical meaning.
In the fable, the vices of people are ridiculed. Fable is one of the oldest literary genres. In ancient Greece, Aesop was famous (VI-V centuries BC), who wrote fables in prose. In Rome - Phaedrus (1st century AD). In India, the Panchatantra collection of fables dates back to the 3rd century. The most prominent fabulist of modern times was the French poet Jean Lafontaine (17th century).
In fables, we often meet personification (animals and inanimate objects speak, think, feel), allegory (the image of an object behind which another concept or other object is hidden: behind a fox - a cunning person, behind a lamb - a defenseless person, behind a wolf - an evil, heartless person).
Krylov Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an outstanding Russian fabulist. Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Best known as the author of 236 fables, collected in nine lifetime collections (published from 1809 to 1843). The plots of a number of Krylov's fables date back to the fables of La Fontaine (who, in turn, borrowed them from Aesop, Phaedrus and Babrius), although there are many original plots. Many expressions from Krylov's fables became winged.
IN soviet time The fables of Demyan Bedny, Sergei Mikhalkov and others gained popularity.
Story and purpose are the essence of the fable; satire and irony - these are its main qualities (V.G. Belinsky)
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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