When a person realizes that he has been used. Mindfulness lucid

Literature about the spirit world is quite popular nowadays. person. Awareness- one of the most relevant and discussed topics today. Meanwhile, its exact definition does not exist. Let's try to deal with awareness processes in the article.

Definitions

According to Vladimir Khoroshin, being is the foundation of human consciousness. The author believes that wise people are always looking for meaning in everything. The aim of the aspiring individual is awareness. Khoroshin believes that when a person realizes the knowledge received, he can transfer it to others. Knowledge that comes without experience cannot be applied in practice.

According to Anthony de Mello, awareness and awareness are not the same thing. In his reasoning, the author comes to the conclusion that a person who lives consciously cannot commit an atrocity. In turn, an individual who is only informed about the differences between good and evil, who knows what act is called bad, may well commit it.

From the above information, we can say that awareness is:

• Vision of what is happening in the external and internal world. This refers to a simple observation of sensations, thoughts. Awareness is a non-judgmental vision. Nothing can be said about it, you can only enter it and observe everything.
• Direct experience, but not thinking about what is happening. It is neither thought, nor sensation, nor feeling. Awareness can be considered as something that unites it all.

Key feature

Awareness is a state that includes action. Reflection is not awareness. Rather, it can be called reflection, which presupposes judgment, assessment, deliberation, search for answers, motives, determination of why something is happening exactly this way and not otherwise. In this case, the person makes a choice.

When realizing, the situation is somewhat different. No choice is made, since the only right decision for the individual immediately appears. If there awareness of activity, for example, the questions "how to do?", "what to do?" do not arise.

If a person does not have the necessary experience of awareness, it is impossible to explain its content in simple words. Realization comes like a flash. A person develops the ability to deeply see what is happening to him.

Mental level

Pondering, contemplation, or mental awareness allows you to understand something in fragments. The individual may be aware of thoughts, but not aware of actions or feelings.

In such a situation, there is a mismatch between what a person says, feels and does. He can say that he understands something, but at the same time he cannot explain what he feels, what reaction these sensations cause, what actions imply.

For example, a person understands that during a conflict, his voice should not be raised, as this will lead to negative consequences. However, when there is a fight, he automatically starts screaming. This is the main one. With a full, non-judgmental vision of what is happening, words, actions, feelings will be focused on resolving the conflict.

It is important to understand here that thinking, building logical chains and other mental actions cannot lead a person to awareness. Their result is an increase in the volume of knowledge. Developing awareness involves going beyond awareness and intelligence.

Coordination of external and internal factors

It is considered another important sign of awareness. Coordination of actions, feelings, thoughts leads to the fact that the individual becomes a witness of his own actions, his

At the same time, a person is able to trace the appearance of thoughts, feelings, actions. At all levels - emotional, physical, mental - he is aware of his behavior patterns, stereotyped responses. A person, as it were, from the outside observes what is happening in the inner world, can follow the ideas that are forming in the mind.

Awareness goals

The ability to be aware of what is happening allows you to see a person in its original state, such as it really is. This changes the inner world, the understanding of a person. When an individual observes, he can change what he sees.

We can say that awareness is a kind of "turning inward". The individual begins to see that he is talking about one thing, but in fact something completely different is happening. Moreover, a person begins to realize that his stereotypes and patterns stop working, lose efficiency, and do not lead to the desired result.

All this leads to revaluation values. Awareness allows you to change your life without any additional effort. At the same time, the task is one - to learn to observe impartially.

A person really does not need any philosophical conversations, he does not need to explain whether something is right or wrong, he needs something or he can do without something. A variety of courses to build confidence, build self-esteem, and more is a waste time. Awareness promotes the development of the ability to distinguish between what is right and what is not.

A person, as it were, comes into contact with reality, while remaining an outside observer. He perceives phenomena detachedly, without mixing with them, without commenting or evaluating them, without even trying to change something. If a person can observe events in this way, he will see how the process of disintegration is going on inside him.

Psychotherapy

Within the framework of this medical direction, awareness reflects the patient's achievement of a complete understanding of his own "I", his mental life, relationships with people around him. It contributes to the formation of an adequate self-perception. This is achieved due to the unification of the consciousness of the material, previously not realized by the patient.

In a broad sense, awareness in psychotherapy involves the formation of an adequate understanding of the surrounding world.

In almost all psychotherapeutic directions that exist today, awareness takes a certain position. But its specific gravity and significance, focusing of the idea of ​​material that was not previously perceived by the patient, techniques, methods used to achieve an adequate idea of ​​what is happening are fully determined by the basic theory.

Basics of psychoanalysis

Z. Freud studied the issues of awareness of "my I" in some detail. Psychoanalysis uses techniques and a special understanding of the functioning of the psyche. The specific approach ensures the choice of therapy and the scheme of its application.

The desired effect is achieved through special technical methods:

• Free association.
• Analysis of dreams.
• High frequency of sessions.
• Interpretations of defenses and transfers, etc.

These techniques allow the patient to become aware of the defense mechanisms activated by his psyche.

The goal of psychoanalysis is also to determine the nature of traumatic experiences, personal conflicts and release from them.

One of the most important skills of a psychoanalyst is his ability to compare conscious actions, thoughts, impulses, fantasies, feelings of the patient with their unconscious predecessors.

Cognitive psychotherapy

Understanding together with listening to the patient, responding with a subsequent return to listening is considered one of the 4 stages of the implementation of the technique of expressing the feelings and thoughts of the patient in the process of therapy.

The patient always resists awareness in the initial stages. Successful overcoming of this resistance in the course of psychotherapy ends with an awareness of the mechanisms of psychological defense.

The key goal of cognitive psychotherapy is to lead the patient to an adequate perception of irrational attitudes ("automatic thoughts") or the main mechanisms that provoke a mismatch between perception and assessment.

The main idea boils down to the fact that a person becomes unhappy not from the phenomena that occur, but from how he perceives them. When faced with an event that provokes problems in different conditions, the patient begins to come to the realization of how irrational attitudes can change his perception.

Feature of psychotherapeutic influence

To describe the phenomenon that provoked the consequences that forced to turn to a specialist, no special conditions would be required if the patient did not mix the event itself, his perception and assessment.

In subsequent encounters with the phenomenon, the patient learns to change his vision of what is happening. As a result, he develops a strategy of rational, multivariate behavior. The patient expands the range of possibilities for solving the problem.

It should be noted here that the appeal to a psychotherapist is conditioned by a problem caused, as a rule, by several irrational attitudes. Moreover, there are certain connections between them (parallel, hierarchical, articulatory, etc.). The main task of the patient and the doctor is precisely to achieve awareness of these connections.

Development of tactics

At the initial stage, the question of the scheme of actions is usually decided together with the patient. One of the main techniques of cognitive psychotherapy is to change the perspective of the event perception. This method allows the patient to become aware of the irrationality of attitudes.

The patient begins to concentrate not on the phenomenon that causes him negative emotions, but on the process of their occurrence. In the course of therapy, the patient begins to realize the excessive use of irrational attitudes, their excessive personalization. As a result, he develops the ability to replace them with more flexible and accurate, realistic and adaptive models.

The psychotherapist needs to consistently structure the processes, helping the patient to develop several alternative rules that he could use.

Humanistic psychotherapy

Within this direction, the meaning of awareness and its key mechanisms is revealed by concepts about personality, for example, described by Rogers. In his opinion, certain aspects of the experience acquired by an individual in the course of development acquire a character expressed in the awareness of his being and existence. This is what Rogers calls "I-experience."

In the process of interacting with the surrounding world, especially with its part that is significant for the individual, the "I-experience" is gradually transformed into the "I-concept". A person forms a real idea of ​​himself.

Ideal "I"

This is another important link in the development of personality. The ideal "I" is formed mainly under the influence of values ​​and norms that are imposed on the individual by the environment. They are not always consistent with his personal needs and aspirations, that is, with his real, real "I".

In the course of realizing these circumstances, a person develops a need for a positive assessment. Rogers believes this need is central to all people.

In order to maintain a positive assessment from others, a person resorts to falsifying some of his ideas, perceiving them only according to the criteria of value for other people. This attitude impedes the development of psychological maturity. As a result, neurotic behavior begins to form.

Anxiety

It arises from the frustration (dissatisfaction) of the need for a positive assessment. will depend on the level of threat to the "I-structure".

If the defense mechanism is ineffective, then the experience will be fully symbolized in awareness. The integrity of the "I-structure", in turn, is destroyed by anxiety, as a result of which a state of disorganization appears.

Reconstructive psychotherapy

The main methods were developed by domestic specialists Tashlykov, Isurina, Karvasarsky at the Psychoneurological Institute named after V.I. Ankylosing spondylitis.

Awareness within the framework of this psychotherapeutic direction is usually studied in three aspects: behavioral, emotional and intellectual.

In the latter case, the specialist's tasks are reduced to bringing the patient to the realization:

• personality-phenomenon-disease relationships;
• genetic plan;
• interpersonal personality plan.

Awareness of the relationship between personality, event and disease does not directly affect the effectiveness of psychotherapy. It contributes to a greater extent to the formation of stable motivation for active, conscious participation of the patient in the treatment process.

In the emotional sphere, with awareness, the patient begins to understand his feelings. As a result, he can experience for himself, reveal the problems that bother him, with the corresponding experiences. In addition, work with an emotional background contributes to the patient's self-correction of their relationships and reactions. He acquires the ability to change the way of experience, perception of interactions with others.

conclusions

The patient's ability to correct non-adaptive responses, models of their actions, taking into account their role, meaning, functions in the structure of psychopathological disorders is the main result of the process of awareness in the behavioral sphere.

When using the reconstructive (personality-oriented) psychotherapy of Tashlykov, Karvasarsky, Isurina, especially in group forms, not only awareness, but also the formation of adequate self-awareness, as well as a significant expansion of its limits, is important.

In almost all psychotherapeutic systems currently in use, the process of awareness is emphasized and given special attention. With the development of technical progress, it became possible to introduce video technical means into practice. This, in turn, allows for a more directed impact on the process of forming awareness in the patient in different areas. This, of course, contributes to the acceleration of recovery, provides a high efficiency of psychotherapeutic techniques. However, of course, at the present time, work is underway to improve the methods of individual and group psychotherapy, and new concepts of personality are being developed.

All the work of the seeker, down to its smallest details, is done by the Divine. And this seems impossible, since a person must realize something, apply willpower somewhere, form his intention, which must be realized in the future, be aware of various states in himself and make decisions. Or does the Divine do it all the same? Then why do we recognize ourselves as an individual who believes that all this is done by him?

Let's take a closer look at how forces influence and control a person. We already know that everything in the Universe is a manifestation of God who “became all this”. We, people, are also parts of it, and through us all the necessary processes are manifested for the existence of the reality that it has become. But even this phrase, which speaks of the processes necessary for the existence of God, is not true. For one who is eternal, no processes are necessary. And for the Eternal, neither death nor life matters, because He Himself is not life, but consciousness, originally inherent in the infinite ocean of the energy of the Absolute. Initially, the energy of the Absolute is neutral, qualityless and structureless. Therefore, for its existence, the eternity of the Divine does not need anything. Reading the words of Sri Aurobindo that “God did not create anything, but he himself became all this,” one might think that God all became all this. Then He is not eternal, not unlimited, not omnipotent and not omniscient. And this can be understood, since in the phrase spoken by Sri Aurobindo there is a beginning, therefore there will be an end. True, no one knows when He became all this. Ancient Vedic knowledge asserts that we are living in the next day of Brahma, and that there were countless numbers of them before. Our day of Brahma is only one of the links in the countless chain of the reality of the Absolute.

Since we, people, are one of the manifested parts of the eternal and infinite Divine, we cannot be indifferent to this manifested world and ourselves in it. We want to know why God "became all this." It can be assumed with a high degree of probability that this manifested world exists for a specific purpose and not at all so that the Infinite and Eternal Divine can look at itself. He "became all this" in order to transfer the conscious substance of eternity to a higher level of vibrations, which, accordingly, will lead to a change in the level of consciousness of the Absolute, and at the same time to an increase in its capabilities. It may seem that such assumptions are heresy, since the Divine is originally omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent. Yes, this is really so, but then one might think that he is limited in the possibilities of the growth of power and his other manifestations. The power of the Divine should not be understood as the force with which he can resist someone. Nobody opposes him, because he is unlimited, and we cannot talk about the presence of someone else in this infinity. And what religion tells us about the opposition of the Devil to God is only a human illusion generated by ignorance. The devil is a manifestation of the lower part of the spectrum of the Divine, which has its purpose in the evolution of the consciousness of the Universe.

Thus, the Divine is a self-conscious infinite ocean of energy, and our multi-faceted universe, in one of the manifested worlds of which we live, is his creative workshop, in which he transforms the original conscious energy substance of the Absolute into a substance with higher vibrations. This does not mean that the substance of the Absolute originally had low vibrations of consciousness and the Divine once decided to raise them. The Substance of the Absolute has its own spectrum of vibrations of consciousness, in which there is also that part of it, in which there are no vibrations at all, and those levels of it, the vibration frequency of which exceeds all conceivable frequencies, and a person can be aware of it as unshakable absolute rest. Again, this can be compared to the spectrum of sunlight, which has both the lowest part that can be associated with darkness, and the highest, which goes beyond its ultraviolet part.

The possibilities of the conscious substance of the Absolute become completely different with an increase in its vibrations. And the universe that he created out of himself is a manifestation of his conscious will, his sacrifice and one of the steps of his endless ascent. Transforming the lower parts of the spectrum of the substance of the Absolute, he gives it a new state corresponding to a higher perfection, thereby manifesting new possibilities of his power.

In order to determine the vector of evolution, the Divine divided the previously neutral conscious substance of the Absolute into space and time, and then space itself into many levels, each of which is a relatively isolated plane of consciousness. And each of these planes fulfills its tasks in His endless work inaccessible to the full understanding of the mortal mind. And over the reality of the worlds he placed the lord of time - the Divine Mother - Mahashakti, whose dynamic energy embraces all facets of the worlds and all forms of life in them, and controls all processes of the universe.

All manifestations of life on their planes of mind are aware of their reality, as a manifested world, at the same time, all other worlds remain beyond, unmanifest for them. For us, people, only our plane of reality is manifested, at the same time, other plans remain beyond our perception. Another feature of the reality of a multidimensional Universe is the transparency of its plans, which occupy the same space at the same time. And one more important feature - the planes of a higher consciousness (mind) are inaccessible to the inhabitants of the lower planes. This is a very important feature, because without it, no evolution of consciousness would be possible.

At the center of the evolutionary process on the earthly plane of reality, the Divine placed man, who reflects in himself the structure of the entire multidimensional universe, which allows the forces of all planes of consciousness to influence man in consonance with him, thereby participating in the general evolutionary process. But, as we have already said, the forces of the lower planes of being cannot influence those parts of the human being that have higher vibrations, but only those that are in tune with them. And at the same time, the forces belonging to the high planes of reality are able to realize in a person not only those levels of consciousness that are consonant with them, but also the lower ones, characteristic of the dark lower worlds. Why the ratios of lower and higher forces are so different in their influences on a person can be understood from the following comparison. Imagine high vibrations in the form of a fine mesh sieve, and low vibrations as large mesh sieves. High influences are in the form of small fractions, and low influences are in the form of large buckshot. Obviously, small shots can easily pass through small cells of a higher sieve, and even more so through large cells, the dimensions of which are such that buckshot can pass through them. And if we imagine that there are such obstacles between the planes of consciousness, then the influences of the highest plane will freely pass through all the obstacles of the lower planes of consciousness. True, the human mind has an unpleasant feature - it is never calm and transparent, it constantly rushes about, and thus, it does not let all the influences coming from above pass. He could be called the guardian of the manifested earthly plane of reality. This is one of the important reasons why Sri Aurobindo insisted on stopping the mind at the very beginning of the spiritual path, without which the work of a spiritual seeker cannot be done.

You probably noticed that man was placed at the center of the evolutionary process on Earth. It was he who contained the entire universe in miniature with its mind plans. Of course, the work of the Divine could not be uncontrollably surrendered to a person who was simultaneously under the influence of many forces and knew nothing about his true destiny on Earth. In order to be a sincere collaborator of the Divine on the paths of the evolution of consciousness, a person had to know that part of the work that the Divine entrusted to him, and he had to know how to do this work. And, besides, which is very important, he must agree to devote his whole life without a trace to the service of the Divine. For man, this became possible only after the titanic work that Sri Aurobindo did.

As we have already said, many forces manifest themselves in each person - some of them are representatives of the lower worlds, others of the high and light worlds. They can manifest themselves only to the extent that a person corresponds to them. The peculiarity of the influence of these forces is their secrecy, since the human sense organs are intended only for the perception of the reality of the manifested world that surrounds him, and are not at all intended for the perception of parallel worlds. Another important feature of these forces is that a person is a source of nutrition for them. These forces need human energy, the vibration frequency of which must correspond to their frequency. A person is aware of the influence of these forces in himself as various emotional states, desires and impulses, which he perceives as belonging to him. And, in addition, these forces are aware of the reality of the manifested human world through its senses, which greatly facilitates their task of managing a person. Through emotional states, desires and motives, they change the relationship not only between individuals, but also between a person and events in the world.

Man is a universal being and much of what man appropriates has never belonged to him. Although in the Divine reality there is nothing superfluous and everything has a certain purpose. For example, the ego is necessary for the formation of human individuality, and later, during the period of spiritual work, it becomes necessary for the formation of the "Witness". Indeed, by being aware of and not indulging in the reactions of the ego, man rises above his lower nature. Various drives, desires and impulses are also necessary in the formation of a multifaceted human personality, but, being aware of them and not allowing them to control himself, a person becomes independent of the influences of the reality of the world and gradually rises to the higher parts of the spectrum of the plans of the mind.

What has been said here can lead a person to the idea that his interaction with the outside world is not determined by himself, but by all kinds of forces that control him. Of course it is not. First, a person can be aware of all kinds of states that arise in him under the influence of various forces of other planes of reality. Secondly, he may prefer one influence to another. For example, the influence of a Psychic being may be preferable to him over the influence of any lower power. True, usually a person prefers the influence that is more intense, and, therefore, the choice that the average person makes is not really a choice. But if a person walks the inner path, then he may prefer the weak influence of his true "I" to the strong influence that some vital essence exerts on him. And, thirdly, a person is given the opportunity to hold his attention for a sufficiently long time, on those objects that are of particular importance on his inner path. And, finally, a person, on the basis of his life experience and awareness of his true purpose on Earth, can form his own worldview, which will determine not only the true meaning of the external world, but also his relationship with it.

But in reality, all the work of a person walking the inner path and the work of the layman, attached to the values ​​of the external world, and under the dominion of the lower nature, is done by the Divine. This is really so, because everything is He. And man only appropriates what he is not and what does not belong to him. In spiritual practice, as a person ascends higher and higher on the levels of the planes of the mind, he increasingly realizes that he is only a conductor of the Divine will on Earth. And then he begins to understand the words of Christ, who once said about a man that even a hair from his head would not fall without the will of God.

True, many objectors may appear here, for whom the events taking place in the modern world seem anti-divine. But let us remember that the lower dark planes of consciousness also belong to a single spectrum of consciousness of the Divine, which uses them for its own purposes in the evolution of the consciousness of the Universe.

There are two streams of reality in the modern world. One of them is ascending, in which the true part of a person leads him in the direction of infinite perfection, the other is descending, in which the true part of a person receives the experience necessary for its maturation. When the state of maturity of the true "I" of a person reaches a certain value, then the person will change the direction of his movement. And, besides, everything in a person must manifest itself, without which it cannot be transformed by the Divine Mother.

What is mindfulness is the topic of this article. By understanding the principle of mindfulness and implementing it in life, you can significantly improve your living conditions.

Mindfulness is the key to all doors. This has already been said more than once. In this article, I would like to dwell on the topic of awareness in more detail.

Starting with the great teachers of the past, such as Jesus, Kabir, Nanak, Buddha, Muhammad and ending with modern teachers such as Karl, Renz, Ethart Tolle, Dalai Lama, Osho, they all taught only one thing - awareness.

Everyone called awareness in his own way, Jesus called it awakening, so he said more than once, stay awake, be alert, but people did not understand him, they thought to be awake - this means not to sleep in bed, but they also did not understand that even if they are not in bed - this does not mean that they are awake. You can sleep on the go.

Ethart Tolle called awareness the presence or power of the moment now.

Osho called mindfulness witnessing. Whatever you call it, the essence does not change.

CONSCIOUSNESS is the ability of a person to be here and now, to feel the world more, and not to think about it, the ability to see the illusions of the mind and not fall into them. To understand that thoughts are just thoughts and thoughts in the head have nothing to do with real reality.

Mindfulness is the understanding that thoughts are illusory, and they only carry a shadow of the past or future, and the present
reality is where the human body is located, that is, real reality surrounds the body here and now.

Mindfulness helps you see your inner world

Thanks to awareness, a person begins to get acquainted with his inner world, before that only the outer world existed for him, now the inner dimension opens up.

The person who becomes aware becomes less and less reactive. It is harder for him to control, he no longer reacts to the same stimuli in the same way, he has the opportunity to freely choose how to react to this or that stimulus. Such a person becomes more and more spontaneous and unpredictable.

For example, if an unconscious person is shouted at, then, depending on the habit, he can either shout in response, or, fearing shouts, avoid conflicts. An unconscious person always reacts, for example, to shouts in the same way, and a conscious person can choose to shout to him, that is, go to a conflict, or avoid a conflict, and this depends on the situation. A conscious person increases the effectiveness of communication with people and resistance to stress.

It is important to understand that there are three main aspects of the inner world for awareness:

• body;
• soul.

Body awareness

The very initial stage of awareness begins with the body. At this stage, a person learns to feel his body, to be able to direct his consciousness into the body, to feel how the energy flows in the body. The skill of listening to internal organs, heartbeat appears.

The person starts to care better and , that is, your body. At first, it is difficult for a person to meditate on the body, thoughts are often carried away, a person constantly jumps from awareness to unawareness, often falls asleep during meditation.

Over time, a new level appears, when a person realizes that he does not fall asleep, thoughts still come to mind, but they do not carry him away, and consciousness remains in the body more and more often. Then a person begins to direct consciousness into the body already on the street, wherever he is. When dealing with people.

The hardest thing, perhaps, is to be aware of your body, to move and talk at the same time.

Awareness of thoughts

Awareness of thoughts or after them, this is, perhaps, the second level of awareness - this is when a person already sees his thoughts and understands that thoughts are just thoughts and they have nothing to do with reality.

A person can even laugh at those thoughts that come into his head, since he has an understanding that he is not thoughts and that thoughts often come from outside, and are not always born in his head.

Life is not as serious as the mind draws it !!!

A person who is aware of his thoughts lives by this principle. Such a person does not get lost in his thoughts, does not follow them, this person is already the master of his mind, and does not allow his thoughts to lead him into illusion, but consciously directs his attention to the moment now that surrounds his body.

Soul awareness

Awareness of the soul is the third level and can be dealt with only after the first two stages of awareness have been passed.

In fact, all three stages of awareness of the three parts of a person - body, mind, and soul are very interconnected and complement each other, and they were separated for a better understanding and assimilation of the material.

Awareness of the soul occurs due to the awareness of emotions and feelings, moods, at this stage a person can clearly distinguish emotions from feelings and be aware of their mood and control it.

Emotions come after thoughts, no matter whether they are positive or negative thoughts.

And feelings come from the soul, not from thoughts. Thoughts can come to mind after feelings, that is, emotions are a consequence of thoughts, and feelings are always their source.

Feelings - this deeper level most often comes from the chest. And emotions are felt in the abdomen, but you should not take it for the truth, every person is different and all this is individual.

It is important to understand that this article on mindfulness is not mindfulness - it is just a direction towards it, but if you are reading it, then you are close to mindfulness or to awakening like never before.

Awareness is directed towards awareness or perception

This is the fourth stage, which already happens to a person on his own, after he has already gone through the three previous stages. At this stage, awareness is directed to perception, a person already asks himself who perceives all this, who I am, at this stage a person remembers Who He Really Is.

Sudden loss of consciousness or the so-called fainting is mainly caused by a short-term decrease in cerebral circulation. This state can be compared to deep sleep, when a person is not aware of anything and does not react to stimuli. Fainting occurs in almost a third of the population at one time or another in life. Only occasionally is loss of consciousness a manifestation of a serious illness. Unconsciousness can be characterized by several degrees of severity - from short-term fainting to prolonged coma.

Main reasons

Loss of consciousness can be triggered by many factors. But the main cause of short-term fainting is a lack of blood supply to the brain. As a rule, it can arise due to the following factors:

Types of loss of consciousness

Today it is customary to distinguish four types of loss of consciousness, namely:

• Sudden and short-term loss of consciousness. Mostly it lasts a few seconds.
• Sudden but prolonged loss of consciousness. It can last from a few minutes to several days.
• Prolonged loss of consciousness with a gradual onset. Lasts about a few days.
• Loss of consciousness with unknown onset and duration. It can last for several years.

Let's consider all four options in more detail:

1. This can include a simple syncope, it is also called "postural syncope". The main cause of loss of consciousness in this case is a violation of the cerebral blood supply. The hallmarks of this type of fainting are the following: the person lost consciousness in an upright position and regained consciousness after a few seconds.

The first type of loss of consciousness also includes fainting of a cardinal genesis, when blood circulation is disturbed due to heart disease, blockade and arrhythmia occur. In addition, the causes of sudden and short-term loss of consciousness can be the following factors: loss of consciousness during urination due to strong straining, occurs mainly in the elderly, fainting due to a prolonged coughing attack, orthostatic fainting, observed with a sharp rise, "small" attack epilepsy.

1. The second type of sudden and prolonged loss of consciousness can be a manifestation of the following diseases, namely:

• large "epilepsy;
• hypoglycemia - a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood;
• hysteria;
• disorders of the blood supply to the brain.

1. The third option includes coma, which are characterized by slow development:

• Stunning is the most common type of impaired consciousness. It usually occurs with cranial injuries, poisoning, and also occurs when the patient comes out of a coma. It is characterized by weakness, lethargy, decreased mental activity, unclear orientation in time and place.
• Doubtfulness. This condition usually occurs when poisoning with psychotropic substances, hypoxia and neuroinfection. The patient sleeps a lot, but with external stimuli he wakes up, can answer questions and adequately follow the doctor's instructions. But as soon as external stimuli cease, the person immediately falls asleep.
• Delirious syndrome. The patient loses orientation in time and place, sees visual and vocal hallucinations, while there is a pronounced motor and speech excitement. This syndrome can appear with poisoning with certain drugs, with renal or liver failure, with endogenous intoxication syndrome, and also happens in patients who are in a shallow coma.
• Sopor. In this state, a person is not aware of anything. He retains only reactions to strong sound and light stimuli, as well as to pain. Spontaneous urination usually occurs. The pharyngeal, corneal, and pupillary reflexes are usually preserved.

1. The last type of loss of consciousness is coma - this is the absence of mental activity, the patient has a depression of consciousness, as well as impaired motor, somatovegetative and sensory functions of the body. In this state, the patient has no signs of conscious reactions to internal or external stimuli.

Coma is usually divided into four stages:

• Superficial coma. The person retains reactions to strong stimuli. Pupils react to light, albeit weakly. Muscle tone is reduced, but corneal reflexes and swallowing are preserved. There is no facial expression on the face, but sometimes there is a grimace of suffering. Spontaneous urination.
• Pronounced coma. In this state, the patient's pharyngeal reflexes are suppressed, the smooth muscles are relaxed, but a reaction to strong painful stimuli is possible.
• Deep coma. There are no reactions of the body to any stimuli. The patient has no consciousness, muscle atony is observed. Respiratory mechanics are disturbed, reflexes are absent.
• Outrageous coma. This condition is the most difficult, the patient's life is supported with the help of medications and artificial ventilation.

Symptoms

Consider the symptoms of the most common fainting, that is, when a person loses consciousness suddenly and for a few seconds. Before losing consciousness, a person becomes ill, he has an attack of lightheadedness, nausea appears, a veil in his eyes, a noise in his ears, and sudden weakness is felt. Some people begin to yawn, their legs give way, a person begins to realize that he is about to faint.

With loss of consciousness, the skin turns pale and becomes gray, blood pressure drops. Muscle tone is weakened, the pupils react slowly to light. The pulse is usually weak and may not be felt at all.

Usually, this type of fainting lasts a few seconds, but if the loss of consciousness lasts longer than 5 minutes, the person may experience convulsions or involuntary urination. As soon as he comes to his senses, then he retains a general weakness. If he tries to get up abruptly, then another attack may occur.

First aid

If a person has lost consciousness, then he needs to be given the correct first aid, it is as follows:

• First of all, you need to eliminate the factors that caused the loss of consciousness. For example, you should take a person out of a stuffy room, or pull him out of the water, or take him to a cool place if the fainting was caused by overheating.
• If you are sure that the person does not have a head injury, then you should ensure that the person is in a horizontal position. In this case, the head should be lower than the body, and the legs should be higher. Thus, the blood supply to the brain is improved.
• To exclude the possibility of tongue sinking or so that a person does not choke on vomit, it is better to turn him over on his side. But if there is no such possibility, then the person should be seated, and the head should be lowered between the knees.
• Then you need to try to irritate the receptors of the skin. For example, you can spray your face with water or wipe it with a cold wet towel, in addition, you can pat it on the cheeks and let it breathe in ammonia or vinegar.
• A person who has fainted must be provided with air access. You need to open the window, unbutton the collar, belt or corset. If he has a low body temperature, then it is necessary to wrap him with a blanket.

After a person comes to his senses, the following recommendations must be observed:

• You cannot immediately give him food and drink.
• It is forbidden to immediately take an upright position, otherwise fainting may recur.
• If a person has not recovered within a few minutes, then an ambulance should be called immediately.
• While the team of doctors is traveling, you need to listen to your breathing and check your pulse.
• If a person does not have a pulse and breathing, then it is necessary to start an indirect heart massage and artificial respiration. Such assistance should be provided before the arrival of doctors.

Cardiac massage is done as follows: you need to press with straightened hands on the lower third of the sternum with a frequency of about 120 times per minute. Artificial respiration is performed two inhalation-exhalation after every 30 massage movements. At the same time, the person's head should be slightly thrown back.

If a child or an elderly person faints, then you need to urgently call an ambulance, especially if the loss of consciousness is accompanied by convulsions, lack of breathing, or fainting happened suddenly for no apparent reason. Even if a person quickly wakes up after fainting, he needs to visit a doctor in order to exclude injuries and concussion.

What doctors are doing

In the event that a person faints for several minutes, then its cause may be serious. That is why doctors monitor the patient's pulse and breathing, measure his pressure and temperature. If there are symptoms of dehydration, intravenous fluids are given.

An electrocardiogram may be done, it is necessary in order to rule out heart problems that could cause fainting. A blood test is also taken, a study is performed, if a salt imbalance is found, then it is eliminated with special drugs. In the event that the doctor has determined that the fainting has happened due to the intake of certain medications, then they can be replaced with others.

Which doctor treats