Individual project The sun is the source of life on earth. Project work on the topic: "The sun is a source of light and heat"

VIII Competition of Research Works and Projects

junior schoolchildren “I explore the world”

(within the framework of the Russian program “I am a researcher”)

Direction: astronomy

Title of work: “The sun is the source of life”

Place of performance: MBOU secondary school No. 38, 2nd grade, Vladikavkaz

Scientific supervisor: Malysheva Inna Nikolaevna, primary school teacher.

Vladikavkaz. 2014

Table of contents

Introduction

Chapter I. Theoretical part

1.1. Paragraph title

1.2. Paragraph title

1.3. (etc.)

Chapter II. Practical part

2 .1. Purpose and objectives of the study

2.2. Conditions and venue

research

2.3. etc.

Conclusion

Bibliography

Applications

Introduction

The sun looks from the sky

Millions of years.

The sun is pouring down on the earth

And warmth and light.

Excerpt from a poem by D. Gulia

My name is Guseva Aida, I am 8 years old. I am a student of the 2nd “B” class of MBOU Secondary School No. 38. Back in the first grade, during a lesson about the world around us, the teacher told us about the stars, the Moon and the Sun, and I became interested in what the Sun is, how it appeared, how old it is and how long it has been will it shine? And I decided to study the Sun.

Nature surrounds us

She hides many secrets

To find out all the secrets,

We need to think, reflect.

In my research work I will try to find out what the Sun is, what it really looks like, how far it is from us, how important the Sun is for our lives and can we live without it?

The world around us

Interesting to know!

Its secrets and mysteries

We're ready to solve it!

Relevance of the chosen topic:

Develops cognitive interest and the ability to observe, analyze, and draw conclusions.

Fosters interest in the world around us.

Increases the level of knowledge in the field of science and space.

Object of this study:

Cosmic body.

Subject of this study:

Star Sun.

Hypothesis of this study:

It seems to me that the Sun is the source of life for us. The study of this celestial body will contribute to the understanding that the Earth cannot exist without sunlight and heat.

The purpose of this study:

Collect information about the Sun.

Study the literature on this topic.

Cultivate interest in encyclopedic literature.

Enrich your knowledge with interesting information about Space.

To study what benefits the Sun brings to us.

Reveal the role and significance of the Sun for all life on Earth.

Tasks to achieve the goal:

Gain knowledge about the Sun and Space.

Cultivate an interest in the world around us.

Develop an interest in studying and getting acquainted with the secrets of the Cosmos.

Develop imagination and observation skills.

Select questions and riddles on this topic.

Conduct a survey among students in our class.

Develop the ability to draw conclusions.

To test the hypothesis and solve the assigned problems, a research plan was developed:

Visit the library.

Study various literature on the object under study.

Find the necessary material on the Internet.

Watch cartoons about the solar system.

Prepare teaching aids (poems, songs, filmstrips, photographs).

Learn poems.

Make a model of the Sun.

Process and systematize found materials.

Conduct a student survey.

Create slides.

Give a presentation of your research work.

What is the Sun?

The sun is a coin,” the stingy one grumbled.

No, a frying pan! - the glutton cried.

“No, it’s a loaf,” the baker said.

Compass,” the sailor said with conviction.

The sun is a star, the astronomer announced.

“A kind heart,” the dreamer decided.

Anya Eskova

So what is the Sun? The astronomer said correctly, the Sun is a star. If we look at the sky at night, we will see many tiny lights. These are all stars, the same as our Sun, only they are much further from the Earth. If we look at the sky through binoculars, we can count about 5,000 thousand stars. But astronomers believe that there are actually several trillion stars. The fact is that some stars are so far away that their light does not reach the Earth. During the day, the stars sparkle in the sky in the same way, we just don’t see them because it’s too light.

STARS

What are stars?

If they ask you -

Answer boldly:

Hot gas.

And also add,

What's more, it's always

Nuclear reactor -

Every star!

Rimma Aldonina

Stars are huge, glowing, fiery balls of gas. They glow because gas is burning in them. The temperature of stars is incredibly high and that is why they are able to illuminate and heat the planets that orbit around them. Like all stars, the Sun is a giant ball of fire. At the center of the Sun the temperature is 15 million degrees! And on the surface of the Sun the temperature is 6000 degrees. The sun is much hotter than any fire that can be lit on Earth. Inside a star, one gas is constantly changing into another, which is why the Sun continuously emits light. Of all the stars, the sun is closest to the Earth, so we see its light and feel its warmth. The sun is the star that gives us life.

Scientists suggest that about five billion years ago, the Sun emerged from a giant, cold cloud of gas and dust. First, a cloud formed, which, compressing, rotated faster and faster. Rotating around the center, the gas and dust gradually connected due to the force of gravity. Then it turned into a disk. Almost all of the cloud's matter condensed into a large ball in the center of this disk. The pressure and temperature inside this ball reached critical values and a thermonuclear reaction began. As a result, the Sun arose in the very center. This is probably exactly what happened.

THE SUN IS A GIANT BALL

The sun is a star, a huge ball

The light radiates like a fire.

I found out that the Sun is very hot and that the Sun itself is a big, just a huge, very hot star. But when we look at the Sun, it seems to us that it is the size of a football. But this is because it is very, very far from us. There are stars many times larger and hotter than the Sun, but they are so far from Earth that they seem to us only small dots in the night sky.

In fact, the Sun is so huge that next to it all earthly objects seem tiny. If the Sun is compared to a soccer ball, then our planet Earth next to it will be the size of a pea.

The size and mass of the Sun are enormous. The Sun is 109 times larger than the Earth. The diameter of the Sun is almost 1.4 million kilometers. The Sun can accommodate 1,330,000 planets like Earth. If it were possible to put the Sun on a cosmic scale, it would weigh more than 330 thousand times more than the Earth.

The sun is a huge luminous ball made of hot gases. This ball consists mainly of the two lightest gases - 90% hydrogen and 10% helium. The surface of our star resembles soup boiling in a deep pan. Huge tongues of flame continually rise above the surface of the Sun - this is hot gas splashing out. Such flames are called prominences. Their temperature reaches 20 thousand degrees. The height of some of them reaches tens and even hundreds of thousands of kilometers. The surface of the Sun emits a huge amount of charged particles - these are atomic nuclei and electrons. Scientists call their flow the solar wind. Space stationSOHOdiscovered hurricanes or tornadoes on the Sun, which are equal in size to our planet. The hot gas, increasing its speed, moves in a spiral in the direction from the Sun. The wind speed in these hurricanes is very high. Solar tornadoes contribute to the generation of solar wind, which gives rise to such phenomena on Earth as magnetic storms and auroras. The energy of the Sun also determines the weather on Earth - solar heat causes air movement (wind), as well as rain, increasing evaporation.

IS THE SUN FAR FROM US?

Scientists have calculated that there are almost 150 million kilometers from the Earth to the Sun. If a person wanted to reach the Sun, he would not be able to do it. After all, there are no roads in Space - neither pedestrian nor automobile.

The distance from us to the Sun is very great and a person would have to walk for about four and a half thousand years.

An express train could cover this distance in about 57 years.

By car he could get there in about 200 years.

But the average person lives about 70 years. He simply would not have enough life to get to the Sun.

If you get to the Sun by jet plane, it would take almost 20 years. An astronaut could fly on a rocket in a few months. This is how far the Sun is from us.

If the Sun is so far away from us, then how long does it take a sunbeam to reach the Earth? Scientists have calculated that this is a huge distance of 150 million kilometers, the light that the Sun emits reaches the Earth in 8 minutes. In nature, there is no speed greater than the speed of light.

THE FUTURE OF OUR SUN

Our Sun has been shining for almost five billion years, consuming its “nuclear fuel” - hydrogen. It is obvious that no matter how large its reserves are, sooner or later they will be exhausted. When will this happen, and what will happen to our star then? Scientists suggest that the Sun will heat our planet for another five billion years, gradually becoming hotter and hotter. When the core of the Sun is almost burned out, the fire will slowly make its way out. The Sun, which has remained approximately the same size for many billions of years, will become 3 times larger than it is now. Eventually the Sun will cool, becoming a white dwarf. The extinction of the Sun is inevitable, but it does not threaten us yet.

THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF LIFE

I’ll tell you, I’m not hiding -

We cannot live without the Sun.

Olga Chusovitina

“The sun sends its heat and light in all directions. Very little reaches the Earth, but this is enough to illuminate and warm our planet. Without the Sun, there would be total darkness on Earth. And on our planet it would become a hundred times colder than in Antarctica" (John Farndon, Children's Encyclopedia of Space, 2011). This means life without the Sun is not possible because it will become cold and dark. And all living things will die on Earth.

Let us remember the fairy tale by Korney Chukovsky about how a crocodile swallowed the Sun and how bad life became on Earth.

“Woe! Woe! Crocodile

Swallowed the sun in the sky!

Darkness has fallen

Don't go beyond the gate:

Who got on the street -

Got lost and disappeared.

The gray sparrow cries:

“Come out, honey, quickly!

We feel sad without the sun -

You can’t see a grain in the field!”

Bunnies are crying

On the lawn:

We have lost our way, poor things,

They won't make it home.

“If the Sun suddenly went out, then within a few weeks any form of life on Earth would cease. Only the Sun can heat our planet so much that the temperature is maintained at the required level, and the water of the oceans does not turn into an ice shell. Only under the influence of the Sun can the water of lakes and seas evaporate and then fall as beneficial rain onto the earth’s surface. Plant growth is also only possible thanks to the sun's rays." (Erich Abelaker. The Sun. Encyclopedia.)

The sun gives us a colossal amount of energy. Scientists offer many options for using solar energy. For example, solar collectors on the roofs of houses can provide residents with hot water, and solar power plants and solar panels can provide us with environmentally friendly electricity. Using the resulting thermal energy, it is possible, for example, to generate steam, which drives turbines and generators that are used to generate electricity. In the future, most of humanity's total energy needs can be met by solar energy.

“Unfortunately, even the most modern technologies do not allow people to fully use free solar energy in the required volumes. So far, plants are the leaders in its consumption on our planet. Animals also cannot use it to maintain their own lives. A person lying on the beach will get tanned, warm and hungry. He will never be able to live only thanks to solar energy, but plants have this amazing ability thanks to a special substance - chlorophyll.” (Afonkin S.Yu. Space. School Guide). With the help of solar energy, plants produce their own food literally from thin air.

The heat that glows in a wood-fired stove is also the energy of the Sun, which trees once stored for their needs. Coal was formed from ancient plants and its energy is also of “solar” origin. According to many scientists, even oil and gasoline obtained from oil owe their origin to our Sun. And it turns out that the sun moves cars too.

Over time, most homes will be built with roofs that can capture solar radiation and convert it into electrical energy. Man will learn to imitate plants and begin to synthesize products from water and air. Cars and planes won't need gasoline, and computers won't have to be plugged into an electrical outlet. The time for these miracles will come when humanity fully learns to use the source of cosmic energy - a star called the Sun.

Man felt the importance of the Sun for life on Earth already in ancient times. Since ancient times, the Sun has been an object of worship among different peoples. He was considered the most powerful deity, on whom everything depended: without the Sun, there would be no plants, no animals, no humans. Thousands of years ago, people saw, as we do today, that every morning the Sun rises, passes its daily path across the sky and sets beyond the horizon. But they didn’t know why this was happening. So they came up with different legends. Lack of accurate knowledge often gives rise to legends. I would like to present some of them to your attention.

experimental part

Experience No. 1

We conducted an experiment with indoor plants. We put one plant in a dark place, and the other remained in the light. After some time, we noticed that the plant, which was in the dark, withered and dropped its leaves. And the second one continued to grow, sprouted shoots, and gained color.

Conclusion:

In order for the plant to grow, it needs sunlight.

Experience No. 2

We took bean seeds, divided them into two equal parts and placed them on damp cotton wool in glass jars. One jar was placed in a warm place, and the other in the refrigerator. The seeds in both jars were regularly moistened with water. After a few days, the seeds from the jar in the warmth sprouted, but in the jar in the refrigerator they remained unchanged.

Conclusion:

In order for a plant to grow, it needs warmth. And without heat it will die.

From the work I have done, I have drawn the following conclusions:

conclusion

While conducting research as part of a project on the topic “The Sun is the Source of Life,” I learned to obtain information from various sources. We managed to make a model of the Sun (this turned out to be a very exciting activity). I took photographs of the Sun myself. I learned poems. I visited the children's library. I watched an educational cartoon about the solar system. I read the children's encyclopedia of Space, a school guide and other literature about the Sun. Conducted a survey of classmates. I also received answers to many questions and came to the conclusions that:

The sun is spherical in shape

The sun produces light and heat

The sun is a huge star of hot gas

The sun determines the weather on Earth

The sun is the star that gives us life

The sun is the most important star for us

MAY THERE ALWAYS BE SUN!

These words are from a song that both adults and children know well. Indeed, everyone wants the Sun, which gives us warmth, light and life, to never go out.

Research work helped me uncover the role and significance of the Sun for all life on Earth and make sure that the Sun is the main source of life on Earth.

The object of my research was the Sun. While working on the project, I achieved the goal I set for myself. By turning to various sources of information, you can learn a lot of interesting things about the world around us. We can talk endlessly about the Sun. And I want to continue my acquaintance with the Solar System and Space. And also learn about other planets and stars.

Bibliography

John Farndon. Children's Encyclopedia of Space. M., "EXMO", 2011.

Levitan E.P. “For kids about stars and planets”

Chukovsky K.I. "Stolen Sun" M., Altey-Buk, 2012.

Komarov V.N. An invitation to the stars. M. "Children's literature", 1985.

Levitan E.P. Fabulous adventures of a little astronomer. M., "Children's Literature", 1990.

Afonkin S.Yu. Space. School guide. St. Petersburg, "Baltic Book Company", 2013.

Erich Abelaker. Sun. Encyclopedia. M., Publishing House World of Books. 2009

Application

Survey

We decided to find out what my peers know about the sun. I conducted a survey study with students in my class. To do this, my teacher and I compiled a questionnaire, and I asked the students in our class to answer the questions asked. Then we processed the completed questionnaires, and this is what we came up with:

Questionnaire

1.What is the Sun?

a) star – 80%

b) planet – 10%

c) celestial body – 10%

2. Do you think the Sun brings us harm or benefit?

a) benefit – 90%

b) harm – 5%

c) find it difficult to answer – 5%

3.What benefits does the Sun bring?

(your answer options)

a) heat – 60% b) light – 20% c) other answers – 10%

4. How far do you think the sun is from us?

(your answer options)

a) very large – 90% b) don’t know – 5% c) other answers – 5%

Based on the survey results, I found out that most of the guys (80%) know that the Sun is a star. Almost all students believe that the Sun brings benefits (heat, light, etc.). 90% believe that it is located at a very great distance from us.

Legends of the Sun

Our Slavic ancestors worshiped the Sun God, calling him the Rain God, or Yarilo. The princes, in order to strengthen their power, in order to exalt themselves, tried to convince people that they were the descendants of the Sun God. Various beliefs, rituals, and traditions that are still preserved are associated with ancient ideas about the Sun. For example, the holidays of Maslenitsa (damn like the image of the Sun), Easter, when with the advent of spring nature is renewed.

Since ancient times, people have settled near water. The great Nile River played an important role in the life of the ancient Egyptians. The start of field work, the timing of harvesting, and the ability to transport cargo on boats depended on the time of its spill. People imagined that the sun god Ra was sailing along the heavenly river on his golden boat. At night he moves along the underground Nile to the other side of the sky, underground he defeats the evil god of darkness, who insidiously attacks Ra, but the sun god turns out to be stronger every time. Good and light won.

According to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, the world was ruled by gods who lived on Mount Olympus. Radiant Helios was the son of Zeus, the supreme god. Translated from Greek, Helios means Sun. The Greeks depicted Helios in a golden helmet, on a golden chariot with a quadriga of fast horses, every morning he set off from the eastern edge of the sky along the crystal vault to the west. Having finished his daily journey, he transferred from the chariot to a golden boat and sailed across the sea on it to the place of sunrise. This is how the Greeks explained the movement of the Sun.

Ancient people compared everything they saw in the sky with themselves, with parts of the human body. Thus, the inhabitants of ancient Africa believed that the Sun is a person whose armpits glow. He raises his hand - it becomes light, day comes, he lowers his hand, goes to bed - night comes. The ancient Chinese thought that the Universe was the body of a giant that grew for almost 17 thousand years, until the sky separated from the Earth. And when the giant died, his left eye became the Sun, his right eye became the Moon, and his voice became thunder.

Ancient Australians believed that the Sun was a beautiful girl who climbed up a tree to the sky! Her beauty and kindness made people feel warm and bright. These legends may seem naive to some, but each of them attempts to explain mysterious natural phenomena. But many more years passed before people received reliable information about the Sun, stars and planets.

Since ancient times, people have worshiped the Sun, decorated clothes and dishes with solar patterns, and composed proverbs, riddles, and chants. Holidays were held in his honor.

Both adults and children enjoy the sun. The warm, gentle sun gives us a good mood.

Sunny pages

Proverbs

You can’t look at the sun with all your eyes.

What is gold to me - if only the sun would shine.

The sun is low and evening is approaching.

Summer is bad when there is no sun.

The sun is setting - we need to hurry home.

Where the sun warms up, the water will become shallower.

He who runs away from the sun always vegetates.

In winter, the sun is like a stepmother: it shines, but does not warm.

The sun sets - the lazy man has fun; The sun rises - the lazy man goes crazy.

It's warm in the sun, good in mother's presence.

The sun will come to our windows.

Run from the sun - you won’t see the light.

The sun is shining evenly on everyone.

You can't block the sun, but you can't hide the truth.

The sun will rise, and so will the morning.

The sun rises - joy to the old, and sets - sweetness to the young.

And the falcon does not fly higher than the sun.

And the sun is red for that kind of sun.

Nickname:

Sunshine, sunshine,

Look out the window!

Our children are dancing

They wave to the sun,

The flatbread is being rolled out,

They are waiting for you.

They're calling you into the yard,

They sing songs loudly.

Riddles about the Sun.

How bright it shines

He generously gives gifts to everyone:

Warmth, kindness and light

Millions of long years.

In the morning I'll look out the window,

Joyful in the sky...

The little blue bell rang for the insect:

Tell me, honey, what kind of daisy is there?

Such a yellow one grew above the cloud,

Bright, radiant, very big?

This, baby, is not a flower, - she laughs in response,

This large luminary called...

You warm the whole world,

You don't know fatigue

Smiling at the window

And everyone calls you...

We cry without him

And how will it appear?

We are hiding from him.

Blue scarf, scarlet bun,

Rolls around on a scarf and smiles at people.

We cry without him

And how will it appear?

We are hiding from him.

What is higher than the forest,

More beautiful than the world

Does it burn without fire?

Shirt on the street

There are sleeves in the hut.

Nomination "Young Researcher"

I have long been attracted to the theme of stars, their small flickering in the night sky. I really like admiring the stars and looking at them. The sun is also a star, and the closest to our planet and the most important of all the luminaries for the inhabitants of the Earth. I became interested in this question: what is the Sun, its amazingness and significance for our planet?

Before starting my work, I set myself tasks:Find out what the Sun is, its amazingness and significance for all life on Earth?

Object of my research: cosmic body.

Subject of study: star Sun .

Objective of the project: study the star Sun - as a cosmic body, find out its amazingness and find out why the Sun is the source of life on Earth?

Hypothesis my project is that without the Sun life on our planet is not possible.

For myself, I have defined the stages of project activity:

Studying literature about the Sun.

Conducting observations of the Sun.
Generalization of observations, conclusions.
Making a presentation.
Presenting a project in class or at a conference at school.

The Sun is the most significant of the bodies in the Solar System. By its nature it is a star, the same as those numerous stars that we see in the night sky. It’s just that it’s close to us, that’s why it’s so big and bright.

How are stars formed?A star begins to form when large numbers of gaseous particles come together.

Composition of the Solar System.The sun is very big, it is huge. It contains 99.87% of the mass of the solar system.Nine large planets revolve around the Sun.The ancient Slavs also revered the Sun as a deity. YARILO (Yar). The first time Jarl's Day was celebrated in April - as a holiday of rebirth to life. The second time is closer to mid-summer.Among the Greeks, the sun was also an object of worship.

Human use of solar energy.Light well— equipment for lighting rooms using natural sunlight.And what can we say aboutsunbathing.Thanks to the sun's rays, you can improve your health and prolong your life. The sun's rays by themselves, without any additional means, destroy many pathogens.

Practical work.I conducted experiments and observations:

How does the change of day and night occur on Earth?
The role of the Sun for the development of life on our planet.
Why does the moon glow?
Why is the sky blue?
Why does the setting sun turn red?
Why does sunlight refract?

Conclusions:

All the energy emitted by the Sun is 5000000000 times greater than the part that the Earth receives.
According to research, cloudy weather for three days reduces brain activity, and for a week - the overall activity of the nervous system. The number of people suffering from depression quadruples in cloudy weather.
If there were no Sun, air would not form on Earth and would look like a liquid ocean of nitrogen around frozen water and icy land. This is our Sun.
We all think that the Sun is yellow or orange, but in fact, it is white.

Appendix 1. Project Star named Sun

Appendix 2. Project presentation

Kolonova Alina Batyrovna

The folder contains a children's project on the surrounding world on the topic: "A star called the Sun"

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

« Secondary school No. 14

the city of Pugachev, Saratov region named after P.A. Stolypin"

Project “A Star Called the Sun”

The project was prepared by

student 4 "A" class

Kolonova Alina

Project manager – Kochergina O.V.

Pugachev, 2014

I have long been attracted to the theme of stars, their small twinkling in the night sky. I really enjoy admiring the stars and looking at them. The sun is also a star, and it is the closest to our planet and the most important of all the luminaries for the inhabitants of the Earth. I became interested in this question: what is the Sun, its amazingness and significance for our planet?

Before starting my work, I set myself tasks: find out what the Sun is, its amazingness and significance for all life on Earth?

Object of my research:cosmic body.

Subject of study: star Sun.

Objective of the project: study the star Sun - as a cosmic body, find out its amazingness and find out why the Sun is the source of life on Earth?

Hypothesis my project is that without the Sun life on our planet is impossible.

For myself, I have defined the stages of project activity:

Studying literature about the Sun.

Conducting observations of the Sun.
Generalization of observations, conclusions.
Making a presentation.
Presenting a project in class or at a conference at school.

I present to you interesting facts about the Sun that I obtained as a result of observations. Some you probably already know, while others will be completely unexpected for you.

The sun is very big, it is huge. It contains 99.87% of the mass of the solar system.
The sun is 74% hydrogen and 24% helium. The remaining 2% includes small amounts of iron, nickel, and oxygen. In other words, the solar system is mostly made of hydrogen.
The diameter of the Sun is 109 times larger than the Earth's; 1,300 thousand Earths could fit inside it.
Astronomers believe that our star formed about 4,590 million years ago. In about 5 billion years, it will enter the red giant stage and swell, then shed its outer layers and turn into a white dwarf.
We all think that the Sun is yellow or orange, but in fact, it is white.
According to research, cloudy weather for three days reduces brain activity, and for a week - the overall activity of the nervous system. The number of people suffering from depression quadruples in cloudy weather.

How does a person use solar energy?

- Light well- equipment for lighting rooms using natural sunlight.

And what can we say aboutsunbathing.Thanks to the sun's rays, you can improve your health and prolong your life.

The sun's rays by themselves, without any additional means, destroy many pathogens.

Conclusions:

Even in ancient times, people realized that without the Sun there would be no life on Earth. The ancient Greeks called the Sun the god Helios, the Romans called the radiant Apollo or Phoebus, and our ancestors the Slavs called the god Yarila.
The sun is a powerful source of life on Earth. Without sunlight and warmth, not a single living creature - neither man nor animal - could live.
Cold or warm weather, snow or thaw, drought or rain - all this is caused by an increase in summer or decrease in solar heat in winter.
Scientists estimate that the Earth receives one two-billionth of the heat emitted by the Sun. Some of this heat is reflected from the ice back into space.
Solar heat goes to warm the earth's surface. Without this, our planet would freeze and become cold.
Imagine that some powerful force has bound the air, making it unable to move. There would be no wind on the entire Earth, no wild gusts of a hurricane, not even a light breath of air. What would happen then? The great water cycle in nature would stop, rivers and streams would dry up, the grass in the meadows would dry up, the grain in the fields would dry up, the forests would turn yellow and dry up. The entire landmass would turn into a great desert.
If the Sun suddenly died out, people could survive for several decades due to the solar heat accumulated by plants. Then life would stop. But the Sun has existed for a long time and will exist for billions of years. The sun is the most powerful and durable machine that provides the heat necessary for life on Earth.

Thus, my hypothesis was completely confirmed.

Preview:

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Slide captions:

Project on the surrounding world “A Star Called the Sun” The project was prepared by Alina Kolonova, a 4th “A” class student. Project manager – O.V. Kochergina.

Objectives: to know what the sun is; r recognize its amazingness and significance for all life on Earth.

The object of my research: a cosmic body. Subject of research: the star Sun.

The purpose of the project: - to study the star the Sun - as a cosmic body, - to find out its amazingness, - to find out why the Sun is the source of life on Earth?

The hypothesis of my project is that without the Sun, life on our planet is impossible.

Stages of project activity: - Studying literature about the Sun. - Conducting observations of the Sun. - Generalization of observations, conclusions. - Making a presentation. - Presentation of a project in class, at a conference at school.

Interesting Facts

The diameter of the Sun is 109 times larger than the Earth's; 1 million 300 thousand Earths could fit inside it.

Our star was formed about 4 billion 590 million years ago.

How does a person use solar energy? - light well; - sunbathing; - destroy pathogenic microbes.

Conclusions: - without the Sun there would be no life on Earth; - The sun is a powerful source of life on Earth; - The Earth receives one two-billionth of the heat emitted by the Sun; - Solar heat goes to warm the earth's surface.

Conclusions: The Sun has existed for a long time and will continue to exist for billions of years. The sun is the most powerful and durable machine that provides the heat necessary for life on Earth.

Thank you for your attention!

Topic: “Sun” Structural unit implementing the main general educational program of preschool education – Novoborsky branch of the state budgetary educational institution of the Samara region, secondary school No. 2 “Education Center” in the village of Borskoye, municipal district of Borsky, Samara region

Completed by: Dianova E.S.

Target: Mastering social ideas about the development of cognitive interest in the sun as a star, a symbol of light and a source of heat. This presentation will help expand children's knowledge about the sun.

To form an idea of the sun as a red-hot celestial body of a spherical shape, which is a source of heat and light for all life on Earth.

The earth is a ball.

The vast space that surrounds the earth is called space.

This space is filled with different cosmic bodies - stars, planets and meteorites.

Stars are huge balls of fire. But to us they seem small because they are very far away. The closest star to us is the Sun. It gives our planet light and warmth, without it there would be no life on Earth.

Birth of the Sun

The sun was formed from a cosmic cloud 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled parts of the cloud towards each other

until they collided and became so hot that a nuclear explosion began

reaction. Part of the cloud began to glow and became the sun.

What happens on the surface of the Sun?

Flashes are eruptions during which, in just a few minutes, energy is locally released corresponding to the explosion of several bombs at once, with a capacity of 2 billion tons of TNT equivalent each

The temperature on the surface of the Sun is 20 million degrees. It seems to us that the sun is a small circle. This is because it is located at a very great distance from the Earth. In fact, the Sun is huge. It is 109 times larger than Earth. The sun is a giant ball. If you could put the Sun next to the Earth, it would look like a large soccer ball next to a pea. From the Earth to the Sun 150 million km. Therefore, the sun's rays do not burn, but only warm and illuminate our planet. The temperature on the surface of the Sun is 20 million degrees. It seems to us that the sun is a small circle. This is because it is located at a very great distance from the Earth. In fact, the Sun is huge. It is 109 times larger than Earth. The sun is a giant ball. If you could put the Sun next to the Earth, it would look like a large soccer ball next to a pea. From the Earth to the Sun 150 million km. Therefore, the sun's rays do not burn, but only warm and illuminate our planet.

Without the Sun there would be no life on earth. Plants, animals and people live only because the Sun gives them life. The ancient people understood this and worshiped the Sun as a god. They thanked him for his warmth and greeted him as he rose in the morning.

Sunlight and heat are necessary for all living organisms for normal growth and development.

The sun is our main planet. It gives us heat energy. Washes the Earth and celestial bodies with radiant light. Everything that exists depends on it. Every leaf, every petal Day and night of earthly ordinary life, Tree, bug and flower. We will say thank you to him together, For the warmth, for the light, for the miracles, Our red-haired friend in the azure skies will wave in return.

Thank you for your attention

Alena Nikitina

Cognitive and research project in the senior group “What is the Sun like?” on the basis of an experimental site for the program of ethno-ecological education of preschool children “Mysteries of Native Nature” under the leadership of Murashkina T.V.

Nikitina A.V.

Almeshkina G. M.

Project passport:

Project location- MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 112" in Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic.

Project duration - 1 week.

Project participants- pupils of the senior group "Bell", teachers of the group, as well as parents of pupils.

Objective of the project – To give children an idea of the Sun as the source of life on our planet, of the importance of sunlight and heat for the growth and life of plants.

Project objectives:

Introduce children to various methods of obtaining information about the object under study using the example of the Sun.

Develop sun observation skills.

Develop cognitive research skills, the ability to find cause-and-effect relationships and draw conclusions.

To form in children primary ideas about the Folk Calendar, about folk signs about the weather according to the Sun.

Learn to sketch maps of folk signs based on the Sun.

To develop in children sustainable cognitive interest, curiosity and cognitive motivation for their native nature.

Planned results of the project:

development of interest in phenomena and objects of inanimate nature and their influence on objects of living nature;

development of interest in cognitive and research activities, experimentation;

development of skills to establish cause-and-effect relationships and conduct targeted analysis of phenomena.

For teachers:

acquiring new experience in project activities, improving professional skills;

replenishment of the development environment in the group;

increasing skills in organizing active forms of cooperation with the family;

development of lesson notes;

practical material on all types of children's activities.

Project products:

Calendar of Folk Natural History in the group;

Exhibition of creative works "Ornament of the Sun";

A collection of poems, nursery rhymes and riddles about the Sun;

Schemes of folk signs about the weather according to the Sun.

Methods used in the process of project implementation:

Verbal (cognitive conversations, questioning adults, reading fairy tales and poems);

Visual (viewing photographs and illustrations, presentations);

Practical (observation, experimentation, sketching diagrams, creative productive activities).

Project implementation.

1. Educational conversations on the topics: “Sun - star”, “Sunrise”, “Sunset”.

2. Reading fairy tales “The Stolen Sun”, “A Gift for the Sun”, “Visiting the Sun”, “Four Swans”, “How the Sun and the Moon went to visit each other”.

3. Didactic games “Hot and cold”, “Read the sign according to the diagram”, “If--- then.”.

Outdoor games "Day-Night", "Sun and Planets".

4. Observations:

We observed the sun in cloudy weather - the observation was unsuccessful, since the sun was not visible.

We observed the sun in clear weather - you cannot look at the sun in clear weather, because it shines very strongly.

In the morning the sun shines a little through the group’s window, it is located above the first building of the kindergarten, during the day the sun does not shine at all through the group’s windows, it is located above our building, and in the evening the sun is behind the neighboring house.

Conclusion: the sun can only be observed during the day and in clear weather; the Sun “travels” across the sky during the day.

Observing the movement of the sun across the sky during the day.

At the beginning of the walk, the children placed the mold on the shadow of the pole.

After 15 minutes we saw that the shadow had moved. Place the mold on it again. After some time, the shadow “ran away” again.

And so, throughout the entire walk, the children enjoyed watching the movement of the shadow.

5. Review of children's encyclopedias.

6. We watched presentations about the Sun, about the Sun in Chuvash patterns.

7. Application “Sun in Chuvash ornament”.

8. Experimentation:

The children turned their faces to the Sun and talked about their feelings: it became warm and pleasant.

Then they turned away from the sun: their faces were cold.

9. Experimentation:

At the beginning of the walk, they put a piece of snow and one mold in the sun, and hid the other piece of snow and the mold in a box.

At the end of the walk in the sun, the piece of snow had almost completely melted, and the mold became a little warmer. Nothing happened in the shade (box) with a piece of snow and a mold.

10. Experiments: Experience “Day - Night”.

Experience "Solar Eclipse".

11. Experience “The importance of sunlight and heat for plant growth using the example of onions.”

We placed the bulbs in different conditions:

1 – water, light, heat;

2 – water and warmth, but lack of sunlight (in the dark).

3 – water and light, but lack of heat (in the cold).

The children kept a diary of weekly observations of onion growth under various conditions.

12. We got acquainted with folk signs about the weather based on the sun and sketched diagrams of folk signs about the weather based on sunrise and sunset.

If at sunrise the sky is painted in all colors, you need to wait for rain that day.

If the sun immediately sets behind a cloud after sunrise, it will rain.

If the sunrise is red, it will rain.

If the sunset is red, then the next day it will either rain or wind.

If the sun sets in a thick cloud, then the next day it rains in the morning.

If there is a circle around the sun, there will be rain in the summer and a blizzard in the winter.

If this circle is close to the sun, there will be no bad weather.

13. Updated the nature corner in the group. The calendar is the author's, the idea and materials were taken from Evgenia Leonova on the mamadela blog. RU.

Thank you for your attention!