Entertaining chemistry for little ones. Homemade chemical experiments for children

Friends, good afternoon! Agree, how interesting it is sometimes to surprise our little ones! They have such a funny reaction to . It shows that they are ready to learn, ready to absorb new material. The whole world opens up at this moment before them and for them! And we, parents, act as real wizards with a hat from which we “pull out” something incredibly interesting, new and very important!

What will we get out of the “magic” hat today? We have 25 experimental experiments there for children and adults. They will be prepared for kids of different ages in order to interest them and involve them in the process. Some can be carried out without any preparation, using handy tools that each of us has at home. For others, we will buy some materials so that everything goes smoothly. Well? I wish us all good luck and move forward!

Today will be a real holiday! And in our program:

So let's decorate the holiday by preparing an experiment for a birthday, New Year, March 8, etc.

Ice soap bubbles

What do you think will happen if simple bubbles that are tiny in 4 years loves to inflate them, run after them and burst them, inflate them in the cold. Or rather, straight into a snowdrift.

I'll give you a hint:

• they will burst immediately!
• take off and fly away!
• will freeze!

Whatever you choose, I can tell you right away, it will surprise you! Can you imagine what will happen to the little one?!

But in slow motion it’s just a fairy tale!

I'm complicating the question. Is it possible to repeat the experiment in the summer in order to get a similar option?

Choose answers:

• Yes. But you need ice from the refrigerator.

You know, although I really want to tell you everything, this is exactly what I won’t do! Let there be at least one surprise for you too!

Paper vs water

The real one is waiting for us experiment. Is it really possible for paper to defeat water? This is a challenge for everyone who plays Rock-Paper-Scissors!

What we need:

• Paper;
• Water in a glass.

Cover the glass. It would be good if its edges were a little damp, then the paper would stick. Carefully turn the glass over... The water does not leak!

Let's inflate balloons without breathing?

We have already carried out chemical children's experiments. Remember, the very first room for very little babies was a room with vinegar and soda. So, let's continue! And we use the energy, or rather, the air, that is released during the reaction for peaceful and inflatable purposes.

Ingredients:

• Soda;
• Plastic bottle;
• Vinegar;
• Ball.

Pour soda into the bottle and fill 1/3 with vinegar. Shake lightly and quickly pull the ball onto the neck. When it is inflated, bandage it and remove it from the bottle.

Such a small experience can show even in kindergarten.

Rain from a cloud

We need:

• Jar of water;
• Shaving foam;
• Food coloring (any color, several colors possible).

We make a cloud of foam. A big and beautiful cloud! Entrust this to the best cloud maker, your child. 5 years. He will definitely make her real!

author of the photo

All that remains is to distribute the dye over the cloud, and... drip-drip! Rain is coming!

Rainbow

Maybe, physics the children are still unknown. But after they make Rainbow, they will definitely love this science!

• Deep transparent container with water;
• Mirror;
• Flashlight;
• Paper.

Place a mirror at the bottom of the container. We shine a flashlight on the mirror at a slight angle. All that remains is to catch the Rainbow on paper.

Even easier is to use a disk and a flashlight.

Crystals

There is a similar, but already finished game. But our experience interesting the fact that we ourselves, from the very beginning, will grow crystals from salt in water. To do this, take a thread or wire. And let's keep it for several days in such salty water, where the salt can no longer dissolve, but accumulates in a layer on the wire.

Can be grown from sugar

Lava jar

If you add oil to a jar of water, it will all accumulate on top. It can be tinted with food coloring. But in order for the bright oil to sink to the bottom, you need to pour salt on top of it. Then the oil will settle. But not for long. The salt will gradually dissolve and release beautiful droplets of oil. The colored oil rises gradually, as if a mysterious volcano is bubbling inside the jar.

Eruption

For toddlers 7 years It will be very interesting to blow up, demolish, destroy something. In a word, this is a real element of nature for them. and therefore we create a real, exploding volcano!

We sculpt from plasticine or make a “mountain” from cardboard. We place a jar inside it. Yes, so that its neck fits the “crater”. Fill the jar with soda, dye, warm water and... vinegar. And everything will begin to “explode, lava will rush up and flood everything around!

A hole in the bag is not a problem

This is what convinces book of scientific experiments for children and adults Dmitry Mokhov "Simple Science". And we can check this statement ourselves! First, fill the bag with water. and then we'll pierce it. But we won’t remove what we pierced with (a pencil, a toothpick or a pin). How much water will we leak? Let's check!

Water that doesn't spill

Only such water still needs to be produced.

Take water, paint and starch (as much as water) and mix. The end result is just plain water. You just can't spill it!

"Slippery" egg

In order for the egg to actually fit into the neck of the bottle, you should set fire to the piece of paper and throw it into the bottle. Cover the hole with an egg. When the fire goes out, the egg will slip inside.

Snow in summer

This trick is especially interesting to repeat in the warm season. Remove the contents of the diapers and wet them with water. All! The snow is ready! Nowadays such snow is easy to find in children's toys in stores. Ask the seller for artificial snow. And there is no need to ruin diapers.

Moving snakes

To make a moving figure we will need:

• Sand;
• Alcohol;
• Sugar;
• Soda;
• Fire.

Pour alcohol onto a pile of sand and let it soak. Then pour sugar and baking soda on top and set it on fire! Oh, what a funny this experiment! Children and adults will love what the animated snake gets up to!

Of course, this is for older children. And it looks pretty scary!

Battery train

The copper wire, which we twist into an even spiral, will become our tunnel. How? Let's connect its edges, forming a round tunnel. But before that, we “launch” the battery inside, only attaching neodymium magnets to its edges. And consider that you have invented a perpetual motion machine! The locomotive moved on its own.

Candle swing

To light both ends of the candle, you need to clear the wax from the bottom down to the wick. Heat a needle over the fire and pierce the candle in the middle with it. Place the candle on 2 glasses so that it rests on the needle. Burn the edges and shake slightly. Then the candle itself will swing.

Elephant tooth paste

The elephant needs everything big and a lot. Let's do it! Dissolve potassium permanganate in water. Add liquid soap. The last ingredient, hydrogen peroxide, turns our mixture into a giant elephant paste!

Let's drink a candle

For greater effect, color the water in a bright color. Place a candle in the middle of the saucer. We set it on fire and cover it with a transparent container. Pour water into a saucer. At first the water will be around the container, but then it will all be saturated inside, towards the candle.
Oxygen is burned, the pressure inside the glass decreases and

A real chameleon

What will help our chameleon change color? Cunning! Instruct your little one 6 years Decorate a plastic plate in different colors. And cut out the chameleon figure yourself on another plate, similar in shape and size. All that remains is to loosely connect both plates in the middle so that the top one, with the cut out figure, can rotate. Then the color of the animal will always change.

Light up the rainbow

Place Skittles in a circle on a plate. Pour water inside the plate. Just wait a little and we get a rainbow!

Smoke rings

Cut off the bottom of the plastic bottle. And stretch the edge of the cut balloon to get a membrane, as in the photo. Light an incense stick and place it in the bottle. Close the lid. When there is continuous smoke in the jar, unscrew the lid and tap on the membrane. Smoke will come out in rings.

Multicolored liquid

To make everything look more impressive, paint the liquid in different colors. Make 2-3 batches of multi-colored water. Pour water of the same color into the bottom of the jar. Then carefully pour vegetable oil along the wall from different sides. Pour water mixed with alcohol over it.

Egg without shell

Place a raw egg in vinegar for at least a day, some say for a week. And the trick is ready! An egg without a hard shell.
The egg shell contains calcium in abundance. Vinegar reacts actively with calcium and gradually dissolves it. As a result, the egg is covered with a film, but completely without a shell. It feels like an elastic ball.
The egg will also be larger than its original size, as it will absorb some of the vinegar.

Dancing men

It's time to get rowdy! Mix 2 parts starch with one part water. Place a bowl of starchy liquid on the speakers and turn up the bass!

Decorating the ice

We decorate ice figures of different shapes using food paint mixed with water and salt. The salt eats away at the ice and seeps deep, creating interesting passages. Great idea for color therapy.

Launching paper rockets

We empty the tea bags of tea by cutting off the top. Let's set it on fire! Warm air lifts the bag!

There are so many experiences that you will definitely find something to do with your children, just choose! And don’t forget to come back again for a new article, which you’ll hear about if you subscribe! Invite your friends to visit us too! That's all for today! Bye!

Useful tips

Children are always trying to find out something new every day, and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, or they can show clearly how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children will not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts, with which they can then play.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolor paints

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (if desired)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the back side, cut out a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut off half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. This will be the reserved lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the cut out part) on the tray and use a spoon to “squeeze” the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor inside the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dish soap inside the lemon.

7. Add a full spoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will begin. You can use a stick or spoon to stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels made from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

Small capacity

4-6 gummy worms

3 tablespoons baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or stationery knife.

1. Using scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (precisely lengthwise - it won't be easy, but be patient) each worm into 4 (or more) pieces.

* The smaller the piece, the better.

*If the scissors do not cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms into it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if you wash the worms with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

Bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. Watch how the varnish spreads through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (this happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that appears on it.

* To better see a rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: rain cloud in a jar

As small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. Eventually they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children using simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Have your child start dripping food coloring onto the “cloud” until it starts to “rain” - drops of coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to your child.

You will need:

Warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food colors

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and stir 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Using a fork, stir the coloring and oil.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly fall through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with the other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because... The density of oil is less than water (that’s why it “floats” on water). The dye droplet is heavier than the oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it will begin to disperse and look like a small fireworks display.

6. Interesting experiments: ina circle in which the colors merge

You will need:

- printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

Skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Select and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Thread the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

Small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Place the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie a thread in the area of ​​the jellyfish's "neck", but not too tightly - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the jellyfish's head.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need approximately 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill a bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Add a couple drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly to prevent water from spilling out.

* Let the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass glass or bowl

Plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Place Epsom salts in a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution is not so hot that the glass will crack.

4. After freezing, transfer the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf, and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait overnight.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they will most likely immediately break or crumble.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Transcript

1 Department of Education of the City of Moscow State Budgetary Educational Institution Gymnasium 1504 Additional education program “Chemistry for the little ones” Introductory level Focus: natural science Type of program: modified Age of children: 7 10 years Duration of development: 1 month Author of the program: Magomedova L. F., chemistry teacher for a year

2 I. Explanatory note The program of extracurricular activities is intended for students in grades 2-4. The program is modified, based on the program of Tebieva E.A. Chemistry for kids / Chemistry at school 5, 2008, designed for 12 hours. The program has a natural scientific orientation. The content of the program introduces the student to the properties and use of substances and materials found in our homes, therefore the level of mastery of the additional educational program can be defined as introductory. Mastering the educational content of an additional educational program is carried out at a heuristic level. The content of the program is relevant because a child from birth is surrounded by various substances and must be able to handle them. Familiarizing the student with the substances that make up the world around him allows him to reveal the most important relationships between man and the substances in his environment. Children of this age are very inquisitive and instilling interest in the subject at this time seems very attractive. The program is designed taking into account the age characteristics and capabilities of the child; at the same time contains great development potential. During the classes, the child gets acquainted with laboratory equipment, acquires skills in working with chemical glassware and learns to conduct simple chemical experiments in compliance with safety regulations. Substances familiar to children are used as chemical reagents: table salt, baking soda, vinegar, citric acid, activated carbon, etc. When implementing this educational program, a large number of practical works are provided using modern specialized laboratory equipment. Data collection, processing, some laboratory work, and presentations are carried out using equipment manufactured by PASCO. The goals of the additional educational program: development of observation, creativity and individual abilities of students. Having studied this course of the educational additional program, the student must know the composition and properties of substances and objects that surround him in everyday life, be able to: conduct a chemical experiment; follow safety rules when handling medications, hygiene products, household chemicals, and when working in the laboratory; prepare solutions, carry out simple analysis. Forms of monitoring the assimilation of material are reports on practical work, creative work, speeches at seminars, presentations on the topic in MS Power Point, etc. e. Preparing a slide presentation involves mastering the skills and abilities of working with this program. student

3 completes tasks at an individual pace, collaborating with the teacher. Working on projects creates a situation that allows you to realize your creative powers, ensure the development of personal knowledge, your own opinion, and your own style of activity. The student is involved in real creative activity, which attracts with its novelty and unusualness; this becomes a strong stimulus for cognitive interest. At the same time, the ability to identify problems and resolve emerging contradictions develops. It is planned to present work in educational activities when studying relevant topics, and to use materials during extracurricular activities. Duration of the program: 1 month. The form of work is individual (performing individual tasks, laboratory experiments). II. Educational thematic plan Topic name Total Theoretical Practical lesson hours Lessons 1 Observation and experiment as methods for studying natural science and chemistry Qualitative reactions in chemistry Chemistry and geography Chemistry and physics Chemistry and biology Chemistry in everyday life Total:

4 III. Program content Topic 1. Observation and experiment as methods for studying natural science and chemistry (2 hours). Chemistry is the science of substances. Familiarization with laboratory equipment, chemical glassware. Techniques for handling laboratory equipment. Rules of conduct in the laboratory. Water, its properties. Methods of cleaning at home and its disinfection during a tourist trip. Pure substances and mixtures. Separation of mixtures. Paper chromatography Practical work. The simplest operations with matter. Performing operations of pouring, sprinkling, weighing, water purification: filtering, evaporation, settling. Watching a burning candle. Design and operation of an alcohol lamp. Determination of the suitability of water for drinking (water transparency, odor intensity). Water purification: settling, filtering, evaporation. Separation of mixtures. Separation of mixtures using paper chromatography. Topic 2. Qualitative reactions in chemistry (2 hours) Physical phenomena and chemical reactions. Qualitative reactions. Indicators. History of discovery Practical work. Obtaining and recognizing oxygen. Production and recognition of carbon dioxide. Recognition of lime water. Obtaining indicators from red cabbage, beets, furatsilin, cherries, black currants, violet petals, turmeric. Testing with indicators of various media: lemonade, mineral water, washing powder solutions, soap, dishwashing detergents. Topic 3. Chemistry and geography (2 hours) Earth's crust. Minerals. Rocks. Inorganic and organic sedimentary rocks. Laboratory experience. Familiarization with collections of minerals and rocks. Practical work. Familiarization with semi-precious and ornamental stones, creation of presentations. Topic 4. Chemistry and physics (2 hours) Aggregate states of substances. Three states of aggregation using the example of water. Liquid substances. Physical phenomena. Magnetic fields. Study of atmospheric pressure. Boiling water. Gaseous substances. Atmosphere pressure. Properties of gases. Magnetic fields. Laboratory experiments. Observation of Brownian motion of carcass particles in water. Study of magnetic fields generated by magnets of different shapes.

5 Topic 5. Chemistry and biology (2 hours) Proteins, carbohydrates, fats: importance for the body. Vitamins: A, B, C, D, their meaning. Practical work Detection of starch in flour, cereals, potatoes. Conversion of bread starch into glucose during chewing. Detection of fat in sunflower seeds, flax, nuts in comparison with chips. Study of vitamin content in food products (study of packaging). Detection of vitamin C Topic 6. Chemistry in everyday life (2 hours) Adsorption. Extraction. Air cleaning. Practical work. Comparison of the absorption properties of blotting paper, activated carbon, and corn sticks. Removing ink stains using chalk and cologne. Purifying the air with baking soda. IV. Requirements for the knowledge and skills of students Know the location of water in nature, the properties of water, methods of water purification; the presence of water in products, the concepts of “chromatography”, “indicator”; composition and properties of organic substances included in food products; basics of food hygiene; action of enzymes; the importance of minerals and vitamins contained in food; safety precautions for storing and using household chemicals. Be able to justify the role of water, treat it with care, apply the simplest methods of drinking water purification, prepare solutions, separate mixtures using chromatography, test various solutions with indicators, make indicators from plants; detect carbohydrates, fats, organic acids in food; grow salt crystals, hold soft drinks; detect minerals and vitamins in food, explain their role; use household chemicals, observing safety regulations, and remove stains of various origins at home.

6 V. Literature: 1. Van Cleve J. “200 experiments” / Trans. from English M., “John Wiley and Suns”, Tebieva E.A. Chemistry for kids / Chemistry at school 5, Makeev A.F., Osogostok D.N., Tyumentseva T.S. / Valeology in teaching chemistry in schools of the North. - Yakutsk, Ivchenko L.A., Makarenya A.A. Valeology in inorganic chemistry lessons. Tyumen, TOGIRRO, Olgin O.M. Miracles to choose from, or Chemical experiments for beginners. M.: Det. lit., Scientific experiments at home. Encyclopedia for children / Trans. with him. P. Lemeni Macedona. M.: Eksmo, Health in the home in questions and answers 11, 2012

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Department of Education of the City of Moscow State Autonomous Educational Institution of the City of Moscow "Gymnasium 1518" Adopted at the meeting "I approve" of the methodological council Director of the State Autonomous Institution "Gymnasium"

1 1. Explanatory note The work program in chemistry for grade 7 was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education (as amended)

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Labor Front Secondary School" of the Ikryaninsky district of the Astrakhan region REVIEWED at the methodological association of teachers from 2015

EXPLANATORY NOTE The program of the "Entertaining Chemistry" club has a natural science orientation, which is an important direction in the development and formation of an initial holistic

Explanatory note The work program of the elective course is the author's 2016, compiled taking into account the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education 2010,

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There are very simple experiments that children remember for the rest of their lives. The children may not fully understand why this is all happening, but when time passes and they find themselves in a physics or chemistry lesson, a very clear example will certainly emerge in their memory.

website I collected 7 interesting experiments that children will remember. Everything you need for these experiments is at your fingertips.

Fireproof ball

Will need: 2 balls, candle, matches, water.

Experience: Inflate a balloon and hold it over a lit candle to demonstrate to children that the fire will make the balloon burst. Then pour plain tap water into the second ball, tie it and bring it to the candle again. It turns out that with water the ball can easily withstand the flame of a candle.

Explanation: The water in the ball absorbs the heat generated by the candle. Therefore, the ball itself will not burn and, therefore, will not burst.

Pencils

You will need: plastic bag, pencils, water.

Experience: Fill the plastic bag halfway with water. Use a pencil to pierce the bag right through where it is filled with water.

Explanation: If you pierce a plastic bag and then pour water into it, it will pour out through the holes. But if you first fill the bag halfway with water and then pierce it with a sharp object so that the object remains stuck into the bag, then almost no water will flow out through these holes. This is due to the fact that when polyethylene breaks, its molecules are attracted closer to each other. In our case, the polyethylene is tightened around the pencils.

Unbreakable balloon

You will need: a balloon, a wooden skewer and some dishwashing liquid.

Experience: Coat the top and bottom with the product and pierce the ball, starting from the bottom.

Explanation: The secret of this trick is simple. In order to preserve the ball, you need to pierce it at the points of least tension, and they are located at the bottom and at the top of the ball.

Cauliflower

Will need: 4 cups of water, food coloring, cabbage leaves or white flowers.

Experience: Add any color of food coloring to each glass and place one leaf or flower in the water. Leave them overnight. In the morning you will see that they have turned different colors.

Explanation: Plants absorb water and thereby nourish their flowers and leaves. This happens due to the capillary effect, in which water itself tends to fill the thin tubes inside the plants. This is how flowers, grass, and large trees feed. By sucking in tinted water, they change color.

floating egg

Will need: 2 eggs, 2 glasses of water, salt.

Experience: Carefully place the egg in a glass of plain, clean water. As expected, it will sink to the bottom (if not, the egg may be rotten and should not be returned to the refrigerator). Pour warm water into the second glass and stir 4-5 tablespoons of salt in it. For the purity of the experiment, you can wait until the water cools down. Then place the second egg in the water. It will float near the surface.

Explanation: It's all about density. The average density of an egg is much greater than that of plain water, so the egg sinks down. And the density of the salt solution is higher, and therefore the egg rises up.

Crystal lollipops

Sections: Primary School

The purpose of such a lesson is to awaken children’s cognitive interest in chemistry, since recently this interest has begun to decrease. But chemistry is the fundamental science of the natural cycle. A person lives in a world of substances, he simply needs to know substances, their properties, phenomena that occur during the interaction of substances, so as not to harm himself, the people around him, or nature. Therefore, I start working with children in elementary school, then in middle school I lead the “Chemistry Around Us” club, and by the 8th grade, many children have an interest in the subject of chemistry.

Miracles, and that’s all...

We are starting the first chemistry lesson in your life.

Target: Find out what chemistry is? What can chemistry do?

We live in a material world, that is, we are surrounded by things. Things are made of something. For example, an iron nail, an aluminum spoon, a glass glass, a plastic handle.

The sugar we put in tea
Salt, which we use to salt food,
The water we drink
The oxygen we breathe...

All these are substances. These substances are studied by the science of chemistry.

A person uses substances. But to use them, you need to know what they are.

For example:

• Sugar hard, white, sweet;
• Salt hard, white, salty;
• Water liquid, colorless, tasteless;
• TOoxygen gas, colorless, odorless.

These are signs or properties of substances. They are also studied by the science of chemistry. And that is not all! You need to know how to use substances and what will come of it.

For example, firewood burns, leaves rot, gunpowder explodes, milk turns sour, nails rust. All these are transformations of substances.

Thus, chemistry is the science of substances, their properties and transformations of substances.

Now we get to the fun part. What can chemistry do?

But before we begin the practical part of our lesson, let's listen to humorous safety regulations.

Joking safety rules

During the lesson you can:

• Give new names to friends in honor of elements from D.I. Mendeleev’s PSHE;
• Be polite in order to direct your friends' reactions in the right way;
• Be attentive in class when explaining new material, since increased concentration of attention increases the speed of perception of new material;
• Be active during the survey, as this speeds up getting “A’s”.

The following is prohibited in class:

• Push against each other, as a collision may result in an undesirable and unpredictable reaction;
• Spin around at your desk during class, as this increases the speed of movement and releases energy, which leads to negative side effects;
• Talk during the lesson, as this serves as a catalyst (accelerator) for the process of removing the student from the lesson, and, consequently, an inhibitor (slower) of learning the educational material;
• Be absent-minded during the lesson, since with a decrease in concentration, the speed of perception of educational material decreases.

Experiment 1. “Volcano”.

Mighty nature is full of wonders,
And on Earth they are subject to her alone
The shining of stars, sunsets and sunrises,
Gusts of wind and sea surf...
But we, now you will see for yourself,
Sometimes we also possess miracles.

Equipment: ammonium dichromate, alcohol, matches, tray.

Pour ammonium bichromate onto a tray, add alcohol, and set it on fire.

Experiment 2. “Pharaoh’s snakes.” One of the biblical legends says how the prophet Moses, having exhausted all other arguments in a dispute with Pharaoh, performed a miracle, turning the rod into a writhing snake... Pharaoh was shamed and frightened, Moses received permission to leave Egypt, and the world received another riddle.

There is one legend in Egypt,
I'll try to repeat it.
There's a rod at Pharaoh's feet
That hour turned into a snake.

Equipment: dry fuel, norsulfazole tablets, porcelain plate, matches.

Place a tablet of dry fuel and 2 tablets of norsulfazole on a porcelain plate and set it on fire.

Experiment 3. “Fireproof scarf.” Remember the magical objects from fairy tales.

Our magic carpet has flown away,
We don’t have self-assembly either,
There is a scarf, it will tan now,
But, believe me, it won’t be able to burn.

Equipment: silicate glue + water = 1:1.5, alcohol, holder, alcohol lamp, matches, scarf.

Moisten the scarf in a mixture of glue and water, dry it slightly, then moisten it with alcohol and set it on fire.

Experiment 4. “The sinking of the Titanic.” How many of you know the story about the Titanic?

The glorious Titanic sailed on the ocean for a long time,
This is what the rumor says about it:
“Hit an iceberg and sank.”
And our Titanic will not sink, but will burn.

Equipment: crystallizer, paper boat, water, sodium.

Pour water into the crystallizer, lower a paper boat into the water, put sodium on it, it will light up.

Experiment 5. “Smoke without fire.”

They say: “There is no smoke without fire.”
And in vain - sometimes it happens.
What you will see now
This phrase only confirms.

Equipment: conical flask (1 l) with a stopper, hydrochloric acid (conc.), aqueous ammonia (conc.).

Pour a little aqueous ammonia into the flask, apply it to the walls of the flask, then add hydrochloric acid, close with a stopper, “smoke” appears.

Experiment 6. “Chameleon”. Do you know what a chameleon is?

Everyone has known him for a long time,
He obeys the conditions
And a chemical chameleon
No different from him.

Equipment: 3 conical flasks (0.5 l), water, phenolphthalein, water, litmus, HCl and NaOH solutions, CoSO 4.

Option 1. Pour 50 ml of water into a glass, add litmus, then alkali, then acid.
Option 2. Add an alkali solution to the cobalt sulfate solution.
Option 3. Pour water into the flask, add phenolphthalein, then alkali. The color will become crimson. Then add acid, the solution will become colorless. Alkali again, then acid, etc.

Experiment 7. “Chemical milk”. Everyone probably remembers the phrase:

Of course, it’s not easy to write:
“The cow gives milk.”
We can do this too, friends.
Although you can't drink it.

Equipment: glass (250ml), barium chloride, potassium sulfate.

Pour potassium sulfate into a glass, then barium chloride.

Experiment 8. “Deformation of the bottle.”

We'll pour baking soda and add water,
Let's drop something and it will turn yellow,
And if we add acid, it will turn red on the fly.
Then the experiment continues, and the bottle shrinks.

Equipment: plastic bottle, sodium carbonate (crystal), water, methyl orange, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide (crystal).

Pour Na 2 CO 3 into the bottle, add water, methyl orange. The solution will turn yellow. Then add HCl, the solution will turn red and CO 2 will be released. Then add NaOH(solv.), screw in the cap, stir, the solution turns yellow again, and the bottle shrinks.

Experiment 9. “Fire inscription.” The assistant brings 2 envelopes with letters. Upon opening it, it is discovered that there is nothing on the paper. The assistant claims that when the letters were written, the inscription was visible. Apparently it needs to be “manifested”.

Equipment: concentrated solution of potassium nitrate, splinter, matches, paper.

A contour drawing is drawn on a sheet of paper and a concentrated solution of potassium nitrate is prepared. To do this, dissolve 20 g of KNO 3 in 15 ml of hot water with stirring. Then, using a brush, saturate the paper along the contour of the design with this solution, leaving no gaps or gaps. When the paper is dry, you need to touch some point on the outline with a burning splinter. A “spark” will immediately appear, which will slowly move along the contour of the pattern until it completely closes it.

Experiment 10. “Sheaf of sparks.”

Equipment: iron crucible, stand with ring, porcelain triangle, burner, sheet of paper, glass rod, iron and charcoal powders, dry crystalline potassium permanganate.

On a clean sheet of paper, carefully mix equal amounts (about 3 teaspoons) of iron powder, charcoal and potassium permanganate with a glass rod. The resulting mixture is transferred to an iron crucible fixed in a porcelain triangle, which is located on the tripod ring. Heat the crucible in the burner flame. After some time, hot iron particles begin to fly out of the crucible in the form of a sheaf of sparks.

Experiment 11. “Spontaneous combustion of coal.”

About 2 centuries ago it was discovered by accident.
Now young and old know him, he is not a secret to us either.
It is known that sulfur, phosphorus, carbon,
Iron, magnesium. Oxygen also burns energetically.
Without this gas, animals and people would not live in the world.
Children would also call it. Of course it is oxygen.

Equipment: KMnO 4 (crystal), test tube, cotton wool, stopper with gas outlet tube, chemical. glass 150ml, alcohol lamp, matches, alcohol, holder, torch.

Place 1-2g of potassium permanganate into a test tube, then a piece of cotton wool, close the test tube with a stopper with a gas outlet tube. Place the end of the tube into a glass. We heat the test tube with potassium permanganate on an alcohol lamp, preheating it. After about 2 minutes, we light the splinter, knock down the flame to get a coal, lower the splinter into a glass with the resulting oxygen, the splinter flares up. Why did the torch flash?

It is known in all countries of the world,
And there is a reason for us to remember this:
From the evil influences of ultraviolet radiation
We are protected above ozone.

Experiment 12. “Soda”.

She is next to us everywhere, and sometimes makes us so happy
Crispy snow under your feet and a fast flowing river...
She who sharpens a stone with drops can be so strong,
Whatever he can do, he doesn’t want to, not to dissolve, but to crush.

Question: What is this?

They say: “Without water, neither here nor there.
My boots are right - they let you through ash-two-o.”
If gas dissolves in it, carbonation is obtained.

Equipment: 250 ml flask, Na 2 CO 3 and HCl solutions.

Pour Na 2 CO 3 solution into the flask, add HCl solution, gas is released, as in carbonated water.

Conclusion

Of course, this is not all that the science of chemistry can do. And, of course, there is an explanation for all these miracles. When you come here for chemistry lessons in 8th grade, then you will be able to find answers to many questions yourself. Now, if you have any questions, I will try to answer them

Homework: write an essay about your impressions, draw pictures. (Annex 1).

References: Aleksinsky V.N. "Entertaining experiments in chemistry." M: Education, 1995.