Presentation on the topic "Anglicisms in the Russian language." Presentation on the topic "Anglicisms" List of used literature

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Cultural and historical prerequisites for the appearance of Anglicisms in the Russian language In the history of the process of borrowing Anglicisms, several stages can be distinguished: XVI - XVII centuries, XVIII centuries, XIX centuries, XX centuries. The beginning of Russia's direct rapprochement with England is considered to be August 24, 1553, when the English ship Edward Bonaventure anchored at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River for the first time.

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In the 17th century During the reign of Peter I, about 3,000 English words penetrated into the Russian language. A special place among them is occupied by maritime and shipbuilding terminology (brig 'two-masted sea vessel'; waterline 'a line on the hull along which the vessel can be immersed in water when loading'; ketch(b) 'small single-deck vessel', etc.), Russian students studied mathematics, history, law, medicine, theology, navigation, mineralogy, metallurgy, mechanics, and agriculture. The importance of the English language for the study of maritime affairs was emphasized by the introduction of this language as a subject of teaching at the “navigation” school opened in Moscow. Brig Ketch(s)

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end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. There were many people in Russia who knew and loved English. For the opportunity to read English authors in the original, young Russian romantic writers zealously took up dictionaries. N.M. Karamzin, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, L.N. Tolstoy, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, V.A. Zhukovsky, I.S. Turgenev, A.A. Fet, A.A. Bestuzhev and other Russian writers were fluent in English, and the year “English Review” was published in St. Petersburg - “The St. Petersburg English Review of Literature, The Arts and Sciences. Also in St. Petersburg, the “Aglitsky Club” opened, in which selected persons of the Russian nobility spent time. In St. Petersburg in October 1770–January 1771 there was an “English Theater”, “English Theater” in St. Petersburg Meeting of the “English Club” in Moscow

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. At the beginning of the 19th century. England produced remarkable poets and writers who took radical and even revolutionary positions: D. Byron, P. Shelley, D. Keats, W. Wadsworth, S. Taylor Coleridge, R. Southey, C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, M. Bronte, El. Grascall and many others. “It was precisely the passion for English literature that made this language more widely used in Russia and brought it beyond the boundaries of the closed high-society language and art.” R. Southey, W. Wadsworth C. Dickens M. Brontë S. Taylor Coleridge, P. Shelley D. Keats W. Thackeray

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XX century A major role in the penetration of English words into the Russian language of the 20th century. play social and linguistic contacts of our state with the United States. Americanisms occupy a significant percentage of the total number of English borrowings in the Russian language.

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Study of the borrowings of Anglicisms in the modern Russian language in recent decades Research tasks: 1. Determine the reasons for the borrowing of English elements in the Russian language; 2. Analyze theoretical materials related to borrowing; 3. Consider ways of forming Anglicisms; 4. Classify the most commonly used Anglicisms by areas of communication; 5. Find out the attitude of the population towards the phenomenon under study.

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Methods of forming Anglicisms 1. Direct borrowings. weekend - weekend black - black money - money

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Methods of forming anglicisms 2. Hybrids. ask (to ask - ask), buzz (busy - restless, fussy).

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Methods of forming anglicisms 3. Tracing paper. menu, password, disk, virus, club, sarcophagus.

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Methods of forming anglicisms 4. Semi-calculation. drive - drive (drive) “There hasn’t been such a drive for a long time” - in the meaning of “fuse, energy.”

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Ways of forming Anglicisms 5. Exoticisms. chips, hot dog, cheeseburger.

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Methods of forming anglicisms 6. Foreign language inclusions. okay (OK); wow (Wow!).

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Methods of forming anglicisms 7. Composites. second-hand - a store selling used clothing; video salon - a room for watching films.

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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ENGLICISM IN THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Completed by Reuk Olesya, 6th grade MBOU Secondary School No. 2, Bogotol Supervisor Nosyreva O.A. English teacher

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The relevance of our topic is determined by the importance of the English language in the life of Russian society. The purpose of the work is to study the reasons for the emergence and use of Anglicisms in the modern Russian language, their influence on Russian speech.

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The general goal determined specific research tasks: 1) Analyze the theoretical material related to Anglicisms. 2) Determine the reasons and methods of borrowing. 3) Expand and deepen knowledge of the English language. 4) Conduct a survey of students in grades 6-11 in order to identify knowledge on the topic being studied, 5) find out the attitude of schoolchildren to the phenomenon under study.

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The practical value of the possibility of using the material and results of this study in English lessons, as well as in further research of foreign borrowings When solving the above problems, the following methods and techniques were used: the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of collecting information, the method of questioning.

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Anglicism is a word or figure of speech in a language, borrowed from the English language or created on the model of an English word or expression.

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The reasons for the appearance of Anglicisms in the Russian language: 1) Lack of an equivalent word in the native language for a new subject or concept: computer, toaster, impeachment. 2) The possibility of using one borrowed word instead of a descriptive phrase. For example: a hotel for motor tourists - a motel, a short press conference for journalists - a briefing. 3) Borrowing scientific and technical terms: Emphasize - emphasize, highlight; similar - similar, similar; vary - change, fluctuate within certain limits; vulgar - rude, simplified, vulgar; misinform - mislead. 4) A tribute to fashion, the desire to “decorate” speech: service - service, security - security, shopping - shopping, motorcyclist - biker, party - party, dancing - dance hall, loser - loser.

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Thus, the number of Anglicisms in the Russian language is large. Among them, two main groups can be distinguished: First group Words that came into the language to name new objects or a term that has an international (international) character. Their use in speech is justified in most cases.

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Examples of words - terms of an international nature: Problem, factor, concert, office, uniform, credit, sprinter, center, service, reform, farmer, protest, transport, system, object, telephone, garage, plastic, Information, interview, business , fireworks, crime, leader, champion, medal, dialogue, company, statistics, maximum, conference, material, conflict, complex, organization, conference, etc.

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Second group Words of foreign origin that have synonyms in Russian. They “clog” the language and interfere with understanding the meaning. But in many cases this can be avoided by using Russian words and expressions.

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Examples of words that have synonyms in Russian: Reconstruction (from the English reconstruction) perestroika, Fito - center (from the English fit) - slender, healthy; Presentation (from the English presentation) – presentation; Design (from the English design) – drawing, sketch, pattern; Teenager (from English teenager) – teenager; Department (from the English department) – department; Constructive (from the English constructive) – creative; Deficit (from English deficit) – lack; Region (from the English region) – region; Season (from the English season) – time of year; Communications (from the English communication) – message; Exclusive (from the English exclusive) exceptional; Subsidy (from English subsidy) – subsidy. .

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The colloquium was stormy. The debaters clashed. One said: - Marketing! Another snapped: - Briefing! And the third one barked: “Clearing!” And he shook his fist. So in our region a consensus was reached Through pluralism, Although exclusive, But which is very prestigious - Without sponsors, moreover! A. Pyanov, satirist poet

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Signs of Anglicisms English borrowings are characterized by: - the presence of combinations tch, j: sketch, manager, image, jazz; -the presence of combinations va-, vi-, ve-: watt, whist, whiskey; -final combinations - ing, -men, -er: meeting, briefing, rating, businessman, superman, timer.

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Areas of use of English borrowings 1. Economics and trade (price list, holding, distributor, dealer, broker, barter, charter). 2. Socio-political vocabulary, international legal nominations (parliament, summit, consensus, speechwriter) 3. Public administration nominations (impeachment, speaker, inauguration, prefecture, electorate, image maker) 4. Sports vocabulary (doping, training, arm wrestling, freestyle , skateboard, kickboxing) 5. Everyday vocabulary (camping, dancing, shopping, mixer, toaster check). 6. Computer vocabulary (email, spam, blog, chat, cursor, flash drive, browser)

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APPENDIX 1 Borrowings from English in the everyday life of schoolchildren - “English” - transfer from schoolchildren’s jargon from “English” - English (“Are you going to English?”); - “smiley” - from “smile” - to smile (Send me a smiley) - “like” - from “like” - to love, like (“My photo received a lot of likes”) - “boyfriend” - from “friend” - friend, guy; (She has a new boyfriend) - “sms” - from “short message service” - a short message (I sent an SMS) - “face” - from “face” - face (“The main thing in class is not to fall face down into the mud "); - "comp" - from "computer" - computer ("My computer froze again");

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Results of student survey 1. Do you use borrowed words in your speech? Yes-95% 2. Why do you use them? (some respondents chose more than one answer option) a) there is no such concept in the Russian language; 12.5% b) with their help it is easier and faster for me to explain what I want to say; 52.5% c) for me English words are more expressive than words in the Russian language;7.5% d) it seems to me that English words are more scientific.5% e) I use English words to specify the meaning of the Russian language.22.5%

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Poem by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” 1. He had his hair cut in the latest fashion, dressed like a London dandy - And finally saw the light. 2. Before him is a bloody roast-beef And shoes, the luxury of youth. French cuisine has the best color. 3. Because it was not always possible to pour a bottle of Beaf-steaks and Strasbourg pie with Champagne. 4. Like Child Harold, gloomy, languid, He appeared in living rooms... 5. And for a long time my heart was sad, “Poor Yorick,” he said sadly. 6. Read, here's Pradt, here's Walter Scott. If you don't want to, check the consumption... 7. That which is autocratic in fashion In high London circles is called Vulgar.

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*blog *blogger *browser *login *spam Information technology

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Cinema *horror *blockbuster *US Western *prime time *cyborg

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*base jumping *zorbing *kickboxing *paintball *surfing *fitness Sports

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Business, trade and economics * bestseller * business * businessman * marketing * price list * default

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Fashion *brand *top *body shirt *topless * hand-made

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Everyday life *mixer *shaker *toaster *fast food *hot dog

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Methods of forming Anglicisms 1. Direct borrowings: weekend - weekend; black - black; mani - money 2. Hybrids: ask (to ask - ask), buzz (busy - restless, fussy) 3. Tracing paper: menu, password, disk, virus, club, sarcophagus 4. Semi-tracing paper: drive - drive (drive) “Long ago there was no such drive” - in the meaning of “fuse, energy” 5. Exoticisms: chips (chips), hot dog (hot-dog), cheeseburger (cheeseburger) 6. Foreign language inclusions: okay (OK); wow (Wow!) 7. Composites: second-hand - a store selling used clothing; video salon - a room for watching films 8. Jargons: escape - leave, escape somewhere (from English to escape - disappear)

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Social survey “Do you use Anglicisms in everyday speech?”

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Social survey “Does the abundance of Anglicisms in the modern Russian language irritate you?”

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Social survey “Do Anglicisms enrich our language, make it richer and better, or do they impoverish the Russian language, distorting and perverting it?” People who assessed the role of Anglicisms positively People who expressed a negative opinion

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Anglicisms used by schoolchildren emphasize their superiority over others. Foreign words in students’ speech can play the role of original quotations: a term can be quoted, deliberately played out, or distorted. Many words are formed by subtracting, adding, or moving some sounds in the original English term. Schoolchildren's speech easily incorporates English units. With the development of computer technology, English words are increasingly replenishing the vocabulary of schoolchildren. But in our colloquial speech, the use of borrowed words is not always appropriate. Of course, there is nothing wrong with borrowing itself. However, the meaning of these words must be clear to both the speaker and the listener, and their use must be appropriate and justified. Anglicisms in the lives of schoolchildren

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Appendix No. 1 Modern Anglicisms Economics Fashion Medicine Summit Cardigan Implant Barter Stretch Herbal medicine Default Batnik Hospice Marketing Swinger Euthanasia Monetarism Top Pacemaker Offshore Implant Promoter Suicide Price list Futures exchange Art Body art Art design Performance Florism Remake Track Thriller Rep

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Modern Anglicisms Informatics Parapsychology Other areas of life Browser Intergeist Water park Joystick Psychic ATM Internet Astral body Blockbuster Website Telekinesis Boyfriend E-mail Drive Interactive Image maker Multimedia Creative Online Sports Mass media File Arm wrestling Millennium Display Biker Nomination Interface Kickboxing Puzzle Scanner Bodybuilding Piercing Printer Promoter Portfolio Laptop Skateboard Teenager Provider Snowboard Skinheads Mountain biking Talk show Softball Shop Weekend

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1. Words are terms of an international nature: problem, factor, concert, office, uniform, credit, sprinter, center, service, reform, farmer, protest, transport, system, object, telephone, garage, plastic, information, interview, business, fireworks, crime, leader, champion, medal, dialogue, company, statistics, maximum, conference, material, conflict, complex, organization, conference, national, etc. 2. Words that have synonyms in Russian: Reconstruction ( from the English reconstruction) - restructuring Phyto - center (from the English fit) - slender, healthy Presentation (from the English presentation) - presentation Design (from the English design) - drawing, sketch, pattern Teenager (from the English teenager) - teenager Department (from the English department) - department Constructive (from the English constructive) - creative Deficit (from the English deficit) - shortage Region (from the English region) - area Season (from the English season) - time of year Communications (from the English English communication) – message Exclusive (from English exclusive) - exclusive Subsidy (from English. subsidy) - subsidy 3. Words whose meaning is unclear to most native speakers: Piercing (from the English piercing) - puncture, injection Hospice (from the English hospice) - shelter, almshouse Multiplex (from the English multiplex) - multiplex complex Prolongation (from English prolongation) - extension, postponement Appendix No. 2 Anglicisms found in the newspaper "Extra-M"

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Absolute – absolute – complete, pure (fool). Body art. – body – art – the art of the physique. Biker - biker - cyclist. Boyfriend - boyfriend - beloved, friend. Bowling - bowling - roll balls. Wow – wow – delight, amazement. Group – group – a collection. Dealer - dealer - intermediary. Drive – drive – fuse, energy. Display – display – show, exhibition. Dilit – delete – erase. Disc jockey - disk jockey - (announcer) presenting a program compiled from a sound recording. Crossword - crossword - crossword. Comfort - comfort - convenience. Lovelace - love lace - red tape, seducer of women. Makeup – make up – makeup. Object – object to which attention is directed. Okay - ok - good. Pager - a mobile device for receiving and sending messages. Pressing – pressing – pressure. Schoolchild's Dictionary Appendix No. 3

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Present – present – gift. Player – player – tape recorder with headphones. Project – project – preliminary text of a document. Puzzle - puzzle - puzzle. Pointer – painter – pointer (breed of dog). Risk – risk – probability of failure. Scandal – scandal – slander, gossip. Skinhead - skin - head - shaven-headed. Superman - superman - super - man. Site – site – location. Syrup – syrup – concentrated sugar solution. Soundtrack - soundtrack - sound track. Skateboard - skate - board - slide on the board. Topic – top – to cover (on top). Toilet – toilet – restroom. Oops - ups - success. Fact – fact – actual event, phenomenon. Factor – factor – a moment in some process. Fan - fan - admirer. Favorite - favorite - favorite. Check - check - number, receipt. Shaping – shaping – giving shape. Schoolchild's dictionary

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Crossword Horizontal: 1.Teenager 2.Music accompanying a film 3.An Internet diary 4.A book that sells well 5.A person who knows how to attract the attention of the public Vertical: 1.Strike 2.Horror film 3.Price list 4.Exception from normal activities 5. Rework 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

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Definition of Anglicisms Reasons for borrowing Anglicisms Methods of forming Anglicisms (Part I) Methods of forming Anglicisms (Part II) Conclusion on the methods of forming Anglicisms Classification of Anglicisms: - Thematic groups - Words of foreign origin that have synonyms in Russian Social survey and its results

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Definition of Anglicism

A word or figure of speech in any language, borrowed from English or modeled on English

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Reasons for borrowing Anglicisms

1. The need to name new objects, concepts and phenomena (laptop, organizer, scanner). 2. The need to express polysemantic descriptive phrases using anglicism (thermal pot - a thermos and a kettle in one, peeling - a cream that removes the top layer of skin, a quiz radio - or a television game of questions and answers on various topics with prizes). 3. Replenishment of the language with more expressive means (image - instead of image, price list - instead of price list, show performance). 4. Perception of a foreign word as more prestigious (presentation - instead of presentation, exclusive - instead of exceptional). 5. Lack of a corresponding (more accurate) name. 15% of the newest Anglicisms have firmly entered the business person’s dictionary precisely due to the lack of a corresponding name in the receptor language (sponsor, spray, virtual). 6. The need to specify the meaning of the word (hamburger sandwich, fishburger, chickenburger, killer - professional killer).

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Methods of forming Anglicisms (Part I)

1) Direct borrowings. The word is found in Russian in approximately the same form and with the same meaning as in the original language. These are words such as weekend - weekend, mani - money. 2) Hybrids. These words are formed by adding a Russian suffix, prefix and ending to a foreign root. In this case, the meaning of the foreign word - source often changes somewhat, for example: ask (to ask), buzz (busy - restless, fussy). 3) Tracing paper. Words of foreign origin, used while maintaining their phonetic and graphic appearance. These are words such as menu, password, disk, virus, club. 4) Words that, when mastered grammatically, obey the rules of Russian grammar (suffixes are added). For example: drive - drive (drive) “There hasn’t been such a drive for a long time” - in the meaning of “energy”.

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Methods of forming Anglicisms (Part II)

5 Exoticisms. Words that characterize the specific national customs of other peoples and are used to describe non-Russian reality. A distinctive feature of these words is that they do not have Russian synonyms. For example: chips, hot dog, cheeseburger. 6) Foreign language inclusions. These words usually have lexical equivalents, but are stylistically different from them and are fixed in one or another area of communication as an expressive means that gives speech a special expression. For example: okay (ok), wow (wow). 7) Composites. Words consisting of two English words, for example: second-hand - a store selling used clothing; video salon – a room for watching films. 8) Jargon. Words that appeared as a result of the distortion of some sounds, for example: crazy (crazy).

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Conclusion on the methods of forming Anglicisms

Thus, neologisms can be formed according to models existing in the language, borrowed from other languages, or appear as a result of the development of new meanings for already known words.

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Classification of Anglicisms

The most frequently occurring words can be divided into several groups; I. Thematic groups. II. Words of foreign origin that have synonyms in Russian.

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Thematic groups

I. Words-terms: 1) Economic terms: - Dumping – “decrease, reduction”, from the English damping, one of the meanings of which is “jamming, braking”. - Offshore – meaning “free”, from the English off-shore “located at a distance from the shore, in the open sea.” - Roaming – “distribution, the possibility of widespread use”, from English to roam “to wander, to wander.” 2) Political terms: - Speaker - chairman of parliament, from English speaker - “speaker”. - Rating - “assessment”, from the English rating - “assessment, assignment to a particular class.” 3) Terms related to computer technology, for example: - Site - from the English site - “location, location”. - File – from the English file - “registrar, dossier, case.” II. The names of some household items: - Mixer - from the English mixer - “mixing apparatus or device.” - Toaster - from the English toaster - “a device for toasting.” - Shaker - from the English shaker - “vessel for preparing cocktails.” III. Sports terms. - Diving - underwater swimming, from English to dive - “dive, plunge into water.” - Skateboard - skating on a board with roller skates, from the English skate - “skating, sliding” and “board” board.

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Words of foreign origin that have synonyms in Russian

I. Names of some phenomena of musical culture. - Single is a song recorded separately, from the English single - one, the only one. - Remake (remake) – remake, from the English remake in the same meaning. II. The name of some professions, types of activity. - Security - protection, from the English security - safety, security. - Provider – supplier, from the English provider with the same meaning. III. Terms used in cosmetology. - Lifting - tightening, from the English lifting - rise. - Scrub - cream for exfoliating, cleaning the skin, from English to scrub - to scratch.

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Social survey and its results

During the ascertaining stage of the empirical research, we tried to find out their attitude towards the object of study through questionnaires and interviews with students. The empirical study involved 80 students in grades 10-11 of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 4 in the city of Orsk. Students were asked to answer questions in a questionnaire developed by us based on the literature studied.

Methods of forming Anglicisms Direct borrowings: weekend - weekend; black - black; mani - money. Tracing paper: menu, password, disk, virus, club, sarcophagus. Semi-calculation: drive-drive (drive) “There hasn’t been such a drive for a long time” - in the meaning of “fuse, energy.” Composites: second-hand - a store selling used clothing; video salon - a room for watching films. Exoticisms: chips, hot-dog, cheeseburger. Foreign language inclusions: okay (OK); wow (Wow!).

Anglicisms and the media: 1. Words that have synonyms in the Russian language and are often incomprehensible to people, for example: monitoring is a synonym for “observation”. 2. Words that usually do not have synonyms in Russian. They have taken root a long time ago, everyone understands them, and many people don’t even think about the fact that these words came to us from the English language, for example: athlete, football, problem. 3.Words printed in newspapers in English, in English letters. These words are even more incomprehensible to most people, for example: Non-stop.

With the development of computer technology, English words are increasingly replenishing the vocabulary of schoolchildren: Motherboard (motherboard) - “mother” CD-Rom Drive (laser disk drive) - young people now have the equivalent of “sidyushnik”. The exclamation “Wow!” has become very common among young people, expressing the emotion of amazement or delight. Drive - meaning “fuse”, “energy”.

We also conducted a sociological survey among residents of Lesosibirsk. We asked the question: Are you satisfied with the abundance of foreign words of English origin in the media? 96 people were interviewed. Among them are people of different ages. Our survey gave the following results: 60% - no; 25% - yes; 15% - I don’t know.

Conclusion The relevance of the study is that the consideration of problems associated with the theory and practice of borrowings is especially significant in modern conditions, since today serious concerns are being expressed about the powerful influx of borrowings, which can lead to the devaluation of the Russian word. The practical value of this work is that this material can be used in the process of teaching English in schools.