Poisonous gas formed in the ground. Types of poisonous gases, their impact on the body

Any undesirable change in the composition of the earth's atmosphere as a result of advent of various gases, water vapor and solid particles (under the influence of natural processes or as a result of human activity).

Approximately 10% of pollutants fall into the atmosphere due to natural processes such as, for example, volcanic eruptions, which are accompanied by emissions into the atmosphere of asholes, sprayed acids, including sulfur, and multiple poisonous gases. In addition, spray water splashes and decaying plant residues are the main sources of sulfur in the atmosphere. Forest fires should also be noted, as a result of which dense smoke clubs are formed, enveloping significant areas, and dust storms. Trees and shrubs allocate many volatile organic compounds (LOS), forming a blue haze, which closes the wise part of the Bloj Ridge Mountains in the United States (translated by the Blue Range). Present in the air of microorganisms (pollen, mold mushrooms, bacteria, viruses) cause many people allergic attacks and infectious diseases.

The remaining 90% of pollutants have anthropogenic origins. The main sources are: burning fossil fuel at power plants (smoke emissions) and in car engines; Production processes that are not associated with fuel combustion, but leading to dusting of the atmosphere, for example due to soil erosion, the extraction of coal in the open method, explosive work and leakage of the VOC through valves, joints of pipes on refineries and chemical plants and from reactors; storage of solid waste; as well as a variety of mixed sources.

Pollutants, getting into the atmosphere, are transferred over long distances from the source, and then returned to the earth's surface as solid particles, droplets or chemical compounds dissolved in atmospheric precipitation.

Chemical compounds whose source is located at the ground level is quickly mixed with the air of the lower layers of the atmosphere (troposphere). They are called primary polluting substances. Some of them come into chemical reactions with other pollutants or with the main components of air (oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor), forming secondary pollutants. As a result, such phenomena are observed as photochemical, acid rain and ozone formation in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Source of energy for these reactions is solar radiation. Secondary pollutants are photochemical oxidizers and acids contained in the atmosphere - represent the main danger to human health and global environmental changes.

Air pollution has a harmful effect on living organisms in several ways: 1) delivering aerosol particles and poisonous gases into the respiratory system of humans and animals and in the leaves of plants; 2) increasing the acidity of atmospheric precipitation, which, in turn, affects the change in the chemical composition of soils and water; 3) stimulating such chemical reactions in the atmosphere, which lead to an increase in the duration of irradiation of living organisms of malicious solar rays; 4) Changing the composition and temperature of the atmosphere on a global scale and thus creating conditions that are unfavorable for the survival of organisms.

The atmosphere, or "air ocean", consists of gases needed to maintain life on Earth. In height, it can be divided into five layers, or shells surrounding the globe: the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, thermosphere and the exosphere. Their boundaries are determined by sharp changes in temperature due to differences in the absorption of solar radiation. The height also changes the density of the air. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, the air is cold and dried, and at the surface of the earth, due to the power of gravity - more dense. The two lower layers of the atmosphere are contaminated mainly.

A serious threat to the health and prosperity of humanity and other forms of life is two global environmental problems associated with air pollution: abnormally high values \u200b\u200bof the sun-feeding of the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun, due to a decrease in ozone content in the stratosphere, and climate change (global warming) caused by admission The atmosphere of a large number of so-called greenhouse gases.

Both problems are closely interrelated, as they depend on the admission to the atmosphere of almost the same gases of anthropogenic origin. For example, fluorochlorine-containing chladones (chlorofluorocarbons) contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and play not a latter role in the occurrence of the greenhouse effect.

Air pollution in premises is the main cause of oncological diseases. The main sources of this pollution - radon, incomplete combustion products, as well as evaporation of chemicals.

Dcenko I.I. Air and health. Lviv, 1981.

Budyko M.I., Golitsyn G.S., Israel Yu.A. Global climatic catastrophes. M., 1986.

Pinigin MA Protection of atmospheric air. M., 1989.

Neulegal E.Yu. What the industrial city breathes. L., 1991.

Alexandrov E.L., Israel Yu.A., Karol I.L., Hrgian L.h. Ozone shield of land and its change. St. Petersburg, 1992.

Climate, weather, Ecology of Moscow. St. Petersburg, 1995.

Materials from the site were used to prepare this work.

Poisoning gas is a toxic chemical that causes intoxicating the body and damage in internal organs and systems. It falls through the respiratory system, the skin, the gastrointestinal tract.

List of poison gas depending on their toxicological impact:

Nervous-paralytic - damp gas, Zarin.
Skin-disruptable - Luzit, Iprit.
Choosing - phosgene, dithosgen, chlorine.
Tears - bromobenzyl cyanide, chloroacetophenone.
General exposure - Sinyl Acid, chlorocian.
Irritating - adamsit, cr, cs.
Psychotomimetic - BZ, LSD-25.

Consider the most dangerous gases, the mechanism of their defeat, signs of poisoning in humans.

Zarin

ZARIN - poisonous liquid substance that at a temperature of 20 ° C, a nervous-paralytic effect on the human body evaporates. In the state of the gas, it is blunt and odorless, is most dangerous when inhaled.

Symptoms appear immediately when entering the respiratory tract. The first signs of poisoning are difficult to breathe, the narrowing of the pupil.

Clinical manifestations:

irritation of the mucosa of the nose, liquid selection;
salivation, vomiting;
squeezing in the chest;
shortness of breath, skin formation;
spasm bronchi and enhanced mucus formation in them;
pulmonary edema;
strong spasms and abdominal pain.

If you get into the body of vapors of high concentration there is a strong lesion of the brain after 1-2 minutes. A person cannot control the physiological functions of the body - involuntary defecation and urination. Convulsions appear, convulsions. Coma develops with subsequent heart stop.

Mustard gas

Hyprint is mustard gas. This is a chemical connection of the skin-disruptive action. In a liquid form, the substance has the smell of mustard. The body falls in two ways - air-drip and when contacting liquid with leather. It has the property to accumulate. Signs of poisoning poison manifest after 2-8 hours.

Symptoms of gas intoxication when inhalation:

damage to the mucous eye;
tearing, light-dining, the feeling of sand in the eyes;
dryness and burning in the nose, then the swelling swelling with purulent release;
larygitis, tracheitis;
bronchitis.

If the liquid falls into the eye, it will cause blindness. With a severe degree of poisoning, pneumonia develops, death comes on the 3-4th day from choking.

Symptoms of gas poisoning when hitting the skin - redness with the subsequent formation of bubbles containing serous fluid, skin lesions, ulcers, necrosis. Gas destroys cellular shells, disrupts carbohydrate exchange, partially destroys DNA and RNA.

Lewisite

Luzit is the strongest poisonous substance, whose pairs are capable of penetrating through the costume of chemical protection and gas masks. It is a brown liquid, has a sharp smell. Gas refers to skin-disruptive poisoning means. Acts on the body instantly and does not have a latent period.

Symptoms of gas poisoning with skin damage develop for 5 minutes:

pain and burning in contact site;
inflammatory changes;
painful redness;
the formation of bubbles, they quickly open;
the appearance of erosions, hesitate for several weeks;
in severe cases, deep ulcers are formed when large concentrations of louisite are formed.

Symptoms when inhalation of gas:

lesion of the nasopharynk mucosa, trachea, bronchi;
nasal fluid;
sneezing, cough;
headache;
nausea, vomiting;
voice loss;
feeling pressure in the chest, shortness of breath.

Very sensitive to poisonous gas mucosa. It becomes red, swelling the eyelids, enhances tearing. Man is experiencing a feeling of burning in the eyes. If a liquid luisitis gets into the gastrointestinal tract, abundant salivation and vomiting begins. A sharp pain in the abdominal cavity is joined. Internal organs are affected, blood pressure drops sharply.

Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas with a sharp smell of rotten eggs. In large concentrations, the substance is very toxic. Falling into the body when inhalation, symptoms of general intoxication develop - Headache, dizziness, weakness. The hydrogen sulfide is quickly absorbed into the blood and affects the central nervous system.

Signs of gas poisoning:

in the mouth, metallic taste;
paralysis nerve responsible for the smell, so the victim immediately ceases to feel any odors;
damage to respiratory tract, pulmonary swelling;
strong convulsions;
coma.

Carbon monoxide

Curmarket gas is a colorless poisoning substance, lighter than air. Finding into the body through the respiratory tract, quickly absorbed into the blood and binds to hemoglobin. Thus, the transportation of oxygen in all cells is blocked, oxygen starvation occurs, cell breathing stops.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning:

dizziness and headache;
rapid breathing and heartbeat, shortness of breath;
noise in ears;
violation of visual acuity, flickering in the eyes;
redness of the skin;
nausea, vomiting.

With severe poisoning, convulsions are observed. The symptoms of the preceding coma are growing - the drop of blood pressure, sharp weakness, loss of consciousness. In the absence of medical care, death occurs after 1 hour.

Phosgene

Phosgen is a colorless gas, it is distinguished by the smell of the heavy hay. The substance is dangerous when inhalation, the first signs of intoxication are manifested in 4-8 hours. At high concentrations, death occurs after 3 seconds. Gas, falling into the lungs, destroys them, causing instant swelling.

Symptoms at different stages of poisoning:

Elevation of the lungs begins to develop in the latent period when the victim does not suspect the poisoning. The first signals from the body - the sweet, showing the taste in the mouth, nausea. Sometimes it is vomiting. A man feels a hole in the throat, itching and burning in the nasophal. A cough reflex occurs, breathing and pulse are disturbed.
After the hidden period, the condition of the victim deteriorates sharply. A strong cough appears, a man begins to choke. Shine skin and lips.
The stage of progressive deterioration is a strong pressure in the chest, leading to suffocation, the respiratory frequency increases 70 per minute (norm 18). A lot of fluids and mucus are formed in the lungs due to the alveolon decomposition. Man Expectors sputum with blood. Breathing becomes impossible. 50% OCC (circulating blood volume) goes into lungs, and increases them. Mass of one lung can be 2.5 kg (norm 500-600 g).

In severe cases, death in 10-15 minutes. When poisoning with medium gravity, the lethal exodus occurs after 2-3 days. Recovery can occur 2-3 weeks after poisoning, but it is rarely due to the attachment of infection.

Hydrocyanic acid

Sinyl Acid is colorless, light and movable fluid with a pronounced smell. It blocks an oxygen promotion chain by fabric, causing tissue hypoxia. Gas affects the nervous system, breaking the innervation of organs.

Symptoms of respiratory poisoning:

dyspnea;
at the beginning of the development of the clinical picture, frequent breathing;
with severe intoxication, the oppression of breathing and its stop.

Signs from the heart:

deceleration of heart blows;
increased blood pressure;
vessel spasm;
as the symptoms increase - the pressure drop, the increase in the pulse, the sharp cardiovascular insufficiency, stop the heart.

Poisoning gases are strong high-speed substances. To save a person, emergency resuscitation activities are needed. With a favorable outcome, the victim needs a long-term rehabilitation treatment.

Not rare cases when in life you have to deal with different gases. It is important to determine immediately, with what gas we are dealing and able to provide first help both ourselves and others in case of poisoning.

So, I suggest to get acquainted with the list of the most common gases, also learn the symptoms that arise when poisoning them and explore the actions that we must do to assist.

Hey! I came across this article. Very need advice. On the street near my house, the third day is a strong sharp smell of ammonia. So strong that the windows cannot be kept open. It smells relative to around the area, no one is the most strong smell. Eyes hurt and blush. Nights the smell of ammonia passes and the smell of rot - as if the garbage decomposes.

The daily smell is creepy, I called the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but there is no result, they said that they did not feel anything at all (although the part of the Emergency Situations is in the next house). I asked the neighbors and concierge - everything is suffering everything and everyone feels.

What it can be (and day and night), and most importantly, what to do if the Ministry of Emergency Situations did not help. ???

Poisonous gases smells:

Hydrogen sulfide - the smell of the fiber egg.

Couple chlorine - the smell sharp, the smelter.

Mercury couples - odorless.

Sinyl Acid - the smell of bitter almonds.

Phosgen is the smell of distillebabble.

Amiak - the smell of ammonia alcohol.

Hyprint is a mustard garlic smell.

There are poisonous poisoning gases with odor and without a characteristic smell.

Those that have the smell can be determined if you know which characteristic smell has one or no gas.

W. hydrogen sulfideand which in light concentrations can cause dizziness, headache, and at high death, the characteristic smell of rotten eggs, and in the mouth there is a slightly sweet taste.

W. phosgenea (when poisoning, signs appear in a day) the characteristic smell of the moldy seized hay.

Poisonous gas mustard gas They are called a different mustard gas for the fact that his smell is very similar to the smell of mustard and garlic.

Another deadly poisoning gas is zarinwhich can be confused with the smell of a far blooming apple tree (weak smell).

Another poisoning substance with a deceptive plant smell is lewisite - He has the smell of Gerani.

When inhalation of vapor sinyl Acid, maybe death may come. This substance has the smell of bitter almond.

The weak fruit smell is Zarin, the Hypret has the smell of garlic, Luzit is similar to Gerani's aroma, Zoman smells a camphor. The most murderous of neuro-paralytic - VX: makes a sharp unpleasant smell of mercaptan (well, someone scared). The taste of almonds (not smell) is peculiar to cyanides. Modern combat OS, there is no point in the smell. For if they are determined by the smell - it will be the last thing you managed to do in your life. (With the exception of psychochemical action, annoying and sometimes suffocating s).

The most common and famous smell, very unpleasant, sulfide sulfide, his smell resembles rotten eggs. Luzit smells, on the contrary, is very nice, the floral smell, the smell of geranium. The same pleasant smell of gas Zarina, a little smells of apples.

This is dangerous.

Almonds smells of potassium cyanide - the substance is extremely poisonous, but not gaseous.

The recognizable smell of rotten egg is inherent in hydrogen sulfide, natural gas does not have odor at all (it is specially flavored so as not to skip the leakage).

The main weapon of the chemical front of the Second World War, Iprit, smells of mustard seed and garlic.

Another well-known poisoning gas, phosgene, has an unpleasant smell of a digested hay.

Zarin has a barely distinguishable apple fragrance, so weak that feel it earlier than gas works, it is unlikely to succeed.

Poisoning substances of neuro-paralytic action (Zaror, Zoman, V-gases) - odorless.

General-poisonous s, such as chlorocian, blue acid - the smell of bitter almond.

Skin-disruptive s: Hyprint - the smell of mustard, Luzit is the smell of geranium.

Screening actions (phosgene, dithosgene) have the smell of the heavy hay, rotten apples.

The most interesting thing is that there are poisonous gases and odorless and odorless.

For example, phosgene has a characteristic smell of a moldless long hay.

And the hydrogen sulfide just smells like rotten eggs.

And gas hyprees has a mustard garlic smell

There is such a gas like Luzit, which smells of geranium.

Gas Zarhar has a smell similar to the smell of an apple tree in bloom.

But you wrote about the smell of bitter almond, I can say that it has a vapor of a sinyl acid.

If we consider substances of neuro-paralytic action, such as zarin, zoman and V-gases, then they are odorless or weak fruit.

Poisonous s (chlorocian, blue acid) - Gorky almonds.

But the skin-disruptive s: Hyprit smells the mustard, and Luzit is geranium.

The smell of heavy hay or rotten apples smells of chopping actions (phosgene, dithosgen).

Hydrogen sulfide is a product decomposition of protein substances with a sharp smell of rotten eggs.

Ammonia - sharp specific smell.

Methane, butane, propane is very poisonous not having a smell of gases.

Ugra - cut, stove stove almost odorless.

Ozone - the smell of freshness or thunderstorms.

Poisonous and toxic gases usually have an intense severe specifically smell. Toxic gases include: Durge gas (odorless), hydrogen sulfide ( smell Locking eggs), couple amiak (specific and sharp), ozone (odor of freshness), chlorine pairs (odor of chlorine), phosgene (the smell of removal hay), pairs of blue acid (almond smell), and the smell of mustard), Zarin (smell of blooming Apple tree), Luzit (smell of geranium), methane (smell of fiber eggs), Fluorine pairs (sharp annoying) and others. It is necessary to know the rules of first aid in poisoning toxic poisonous gases.

The familiar air for us we breathe is a mixture of gases: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and others. Special gases are used in the household and in various industries. Synthetic materials are made of gases. Some types of cars operate on gas.

Some facts

Gas that uses a person in everyday life and in production is natural gas. Natural gas is minerals. It is formed in the depths of the Earth and represents a mixture of various gases.

Gas, like fire, helps a person, but in some cases it becomes dangerous:

if the uncontrolled leakage occurred;
if a lot of gas gathered in a closed room.

In nature, there are different gases with different properties: some gases rise upwards, while others are assembled at the bottom of the earth. Some gases are harmless, others are life-threatening. There may be situations when to save your life, as well as assisting the victim you should know what gas is dealing with.

In the lessons of chemistry in high schools, you will find out all the properties of various gases, but still get acquainted with them from the point of view of the Obzh.

Let's talk more about hazardous gases most common in everyday life.

Carbon monoxide It ruins a lot of human lives in fires, as well as in the baths, country and rural houses in case of improper use of furnace heating. It is extremely poisonous, and since there is no smell and colors, does not irritate his eyes - it is difficult to detect it. In the dwelling, in a bath, the source of carbon monoxide becomes incomplete combustion of fuel in the furnaces, premature closure of the oven valve. Carrying gas poisoning is a more common reason for the death of people during fires than fire and high temperature. The same gas is the cause of death in the cold season of people sinking in the car with an enabled engine. Curmarket gas is formed in incomplete combustion of household gas. Therefore, poor ventilation in the kitchen and in the bathroom (with a gas column) can also lead to death. The carbon monoxide rises up, and, therefore, in the room where this gas has accumulated, you need to move Clarice.

In addition to carbon monoxide in car exhaust, it contains and accumulates along the highways and other poisonous gas - nitrogen oxide. Therefore, it is better to avoid walking along the streets with an intense movement and close the windows overlooking the roadway, especially during the peak hours. And also never collect mushrooms and berries near the roads, for which cars often drive!

Poisonous gases Allocated when combustion of synthetic finishing materials, carpeted coatings. In order not to choose, it is better to move low clutch. Below is preserved more air.

It should be aware of the poisonous gas formed in the ground - the uppermost layer of the earth's surface, and which can accumulate in the downstream area. For example, on old landfills, in swamps, in sewage wells, basements, mines. This gas also does not have taste and smell, it is heavier than air. In such cases, it is necessary to approach the victim in the means of protection.

Household gas. It can be two species: the main gas, which is most often used in large cities, and liquefied gas in cylinders, consisting of a mixture of two gases - propane and butane. Propane - lighter air and, it means up; Bhutan is heavier and therefore, when leucing, the basements and underground communications fill primarily.

Household gas has no color or smell. Therefore, it is added to it a strongly smelling substance that gives it a special "gas" smell. Thanks to him, we can detect a "leakage" of gas.

Causes of domestic gas leakage:

malfunction of gas pipes, plates, columns, cylinders;
incorrect installation of gas equipment;
weak fastening of the rubber hose between the cylinder (tube) and the stove;
incomplete closure of the crane of the gas stove;
fueling the fire of the gas burner by scattering water;
play the weak fire with a draft.

The result of gas leakage can be explosion, fire and poisoning of people.

If you warm up your food yourself or cook, do not lean away from the gas stove and follow the gas burner.

It is very important to provide indoors where a gas stove is installed, good ventilation. If there is no exhaust installation, then with the long operation of the gas stove, you should always keep the window or window or window. If there is a ventilation opening in the kitchen, you must follow the purity of the filter installed in it, as it is gradually clogged with dust and soak.

Know that the burning gas flame should be smooth, blue. If it is red or yellow, and on the dishes appeared NAGA - the gas burns with incompleteness. It is necessary to call the masters.

Remember! With the smell of household gas in the house or entrance, it is impossible to use electricity: include light, call in the electrowelon, cause an elevator, as well as matches and lighters. From any spark, a gas explosion can occur throughout the house. Feeling the smell of gas, quickly open the door and windows, so that the draft of a poisonous gas is revealed. Broken gas pipe. All this needs to be done, holding down the breath and covering the mouth and nose with any cloth. If the reason for the zagaznostility is unclear and it is not possible to eliminate it, then it is necessary to quickly leave a dangerous place and cause the emergency gas service by telephone "04".

In case of poisoning, any gas in a person first begins to hurt and spin the head very much, noise in the ears appears. Then darkens in the eyes, nausea begins. If this happens with you, you need to quickly leave this room and inform the adult about your condition and the danger.

With stronger poisoning, consciousness is disturbed, muscle weakness appear, drowsiness. Possible loss of consciousness, convulsions and death.

First aid to the victim from carbon monoxide or domestic gas: to immediately withdraw it to the street. With a weak breathing or stopping, artificial respiration should be applied. Help in such cases the rubbing of the body, applying the heating pad to the legs, short-term inhalation of the vapor of ammonia alcohol. If a person has signs of strong poisoning, then it is necessary to urgently call "ambulance".

Questions

What do you know dangerous gases?
In which part of the closed room accumulates carbon monoxide? Why?
What should a person do if he felt signs of gas poisoning?
Which rescue service need to contact with domestic gas leak?
What can not be done when leucing household gas in an apartment or in another closed room?
Situational problem.
- Misha came home and felt the smell of gas. He immediately went to the kitchen and turned on the light ... did Misha come correctly?
How to help a person if he was poisoned by domestic or carotry gas?
Where under what conditions in everyday life you can meet with carbon monoxide?

Chlorine is a poisonous gas of yellow-greenish color, 2.5 times heavier than air. The smell of chlorine is felt by a person at a concentration of it in the air of more than 0.003 mg / l. The maximum allowable chlorine concentration in the air is 0.001 mg / l. In case of poisoning, the chlorine appears pain in the chest, cough, lung edema. Chlorine is annoying the mucous membranes of the eyes, the nose and corrosive areas of the skin on which sweat is selected. Chlorine is a low-speed poisoning gas, the total effect of which manifests itself in 2-4 hours after poisoning. [...]

Colorless gas with an unpleasant smell of "rotten fish", melting point -134 ° С, boiling point -87 ° C, dissolved in water. Phosphine is easily flammable in air and is a strong reducing agent. Very toxic gas. [...]

Emissions of dust and poisonous gases. Pollutants fall into the forest most often with acid rains. In the immediate vicinity of industrial enterprises polluting the atmosphere, there are burns of trees leaves. In the Russian Federation, the critical situation arose in the forests of the Baikalius, suffering from pollution with gray, and forests around the Norilsk Mining and Ramating Combine. As a result of the Chernobyl accident (see Chernobyl), 65% of the forests of the Bryansk and Kaluga regions were injured. [...]

When working with very poisonous vapors and gases (chlorpicrin, blue acid, dichloroethane, etc.), a passport is given to each box, in which the name of the pesticide is noted, its concentration and duration of use of the box. After the expiration of the service life, the box is replaced by a new one. In case of a poisonous gas or a pair, the box is replaced, even if it was in operation less than provided for the box of this brand. [...]

Due to the release of extremely poisonous gas - selenium dioxide, the furnace in which the charge is calcined, should be equipped with a sufficiently powerful ventilation device. [...]

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless poisonous gas with an unpleasant smell, which totals even with minor concentrations (1.4-2.3 mg / m3). His danger lies in the fact that at very large concentrations, the smell sensation weakens due to the paralysis of nerve endings. Density H28 in relation to air - 1.19, as a result of which it accumulates in low places, is easily dissolved in water and goes into a free state. The body comes mainly through the respiratory organs, affecting the mucous membrane, penetrates into the blood, acts on the nervous system, has an oxidative effect, it has the effect of the amount with HC, increasing their toxic effect. PDC of hydrogen sulfide in the air of the working area with a joint presence of hydrocarbons (at least traces) - 3 mg / m3. PDC of hydrogen sulfide in the atmospheric air of populated areas - 0.008 mg / m3. When concentrating in air 200-300 mg / m3, burning in the eyes, irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, the metal taste in the mouth, headaches, nausea are observed. At 750 mg / m3, life-threatening poisoning is occurring for 15-20 minutes. At a concentration of 1000 mg / m3 and above, death may occur almost instantly. [...]

Holy hydrogen NGB is a colorless, poisonous gas with, sharp smell. It is mainly contained in emissions of gas and oil deposits. In agriculture, it appears mainly in the bacterial rotting of the high-protein products of plant and animal origin. [...]

At low speed, when the output of poisonous gases from gasoline engines is especially large, only an electric motor is used. At a higher speed, a gasoline engine is used, and then it acts with maximum efficiency and minimal air pollution. [...]

Maximum permissible concentrations of poisonous gases, vapors and dust in the air of work premises. [...]

Disinfection is reduced to the fact that poisonous pairs or gases are introduced into a closed volume (room, chamber, under a tent, etc.) - pests located in the disinfection object die for several hours or day. After that, the object degasses from the residues of a poisonous gas or steam (usually by natural ventilation). [...]

The dust weighted in the air adsorb the poisonous gases, forms a dense, toxic fog (CM), which increases the amount of precipitation. Disted with sulfur, nitrogen and other substances, these precipitates form aggressive acids. For this reason, the rate of corrosion destruction of machines and equipment increases many times. [...]

Chlorine dioxide is a greenish-yellow poisonous gas having a more intense smell than chlorine. Chlorine dioxide is easily exploded from the electrical spark, in direct solar color or when heated to a temperature above 60 ° C. When contacting with many organic substances C102 is exploded already at normal temperature. The oxidative potential C102 in acid media is 1.50 V. The solubility of chlorine dioxide in water at a temperature of 25 ° C is 81.06, and at 40 ° C - 51.40 g / l. Her aqueous solutions compared with chlorine water have a more intense yellow-green color. [...]

COS carbon serovoxide is a colorless, easily flammable poisonous gas that does not smell condensing at 50.2 ° C. MPC carbon surooxide in industrial premises - no more than 1, in settlements - no more than 0.15 mg / m3. When heated, it is decomposed with the formation of carbon dioxide, servo-carbon, carbon monoxide and sulfur. [...]

It should be remembered that at a concentration of more than 5-10 6 in terms of ozone - poisonous gas, dangerous because of the respiratory irritation caused by them and its carcinogenic properties. [...]

When mixing some industrial waste, poisonous gases may form, precipitation, which cause tower overgrown, etc. So, when mixing acidic acids with drains containing cyanides, poisonous gases of syntile acid are formed, and when mixing wastewater containing sulfuric acid, with drains, Conducting lime, a precipitate is formed, causing tier ingrowth. [...]

Hydraulic valves are suitable for preventing penetration of poisonous gas, fire during explosion or burning petroleum products in industrial facilities, warehouses with combustible substances, etc.; The shutters are placed in places of wastewater from industrial buildings and in places of joining sewer pipes from re-zero and storage parks with combustible substances. [...]

Very suffer, and often the whole plantings of trees from smoke and poisonous gases in the air are dying. First, red-brown non-friction spots appear on the leaves, and the needle becomes red. The increase is reduced, sometimes trees lose the leaves and dry. [...]

In December 1984, in the Indian city of Bghepal as a result of the leakage of nearly 40 tons of poisonous gas, more than 2.5 thousand people were killed at the Yunion Carbayth factory, and over 50 thousand received severe poisoning, about 20 thousand of them. Donkel, received lung diseases, kidneys. [...]

In addition, the industrial dust suspended in the air adsorbs poisonous gases. Solid and liquid particles from 0.1 to 1 μm dispersed in air are captured lungs and can lead to serious consequences for human health. [...]

It should be especially noted the translation of urban vehicles to liquefied gas and special additives (catalysts) to fuel, which are much reduced by the number of poisonous gases in the exhaust, or the addition of cars by catalytic neutralizers. In this case, there is a certain practical experience, and widespread implementation in order to protect the atmosphere in the near future does not cause doubts that created the environmental danger requires an urgent decision. [...]

In this regard, the Orenburg complex is especially dangerous to spill with liquid sulfur, the release of poisonous gases from the industries of the Promotions, etc. [...]

So, in 79 AD. On the Apennine Peninsula, as a result of volcanic eruptions, emissions of poisonous gases, Lava died thousands of people. [...]

Colorless very poisonous gas with a characteristic sweet smell of rotten fruits, the breakdown of foliage or wet hay. In conventional pressure, it hardens at -128 ° C and liquefied at +8 ° C. In a gaseous state, about 3.5 times heavier than air, in a liquid - 1.4 times heavier than water. Even at low temperatures has a large volatility. [...]

As a result of mixing, a rapidly evaporated ammonia with a natural gas expired during an accident, an explosive ignition of this mixture occurred, a strong fire occurred. When the gas cloud ignition ignifies, a warehouse has a nitroposka in a distance of 50 meters from the emergency reservoir, followed by the decomposition of this substance and the release of poisonous gases, including ammonia, nitrogen oxides and chlorine. [...]

It is possible that I fell on all fours, because even with a closed consciousness, I worked for a reaction to the shelter of the head from poisonous gases in ungadst air from the floor. I was still kneeling when I got to the deepening and turned the ignition key. The lamp hanging over the table with radio equipment went out. Fortunately, the lantern flashed on the box. Possible lantern, I crawled back to the home, to bed. [...]

According to experts, as a result of water corrosion, shells are currently close to destruction with the corresponding leakage of poisonous gases. It is possible that the part of them is already destroyed. Some possible scenarios of the consequences of this predict the ecological catastrophe of the entire basin of the Baltic Sea (see also Section 1.8.3). [...]

This group includes diseases caused by adverse climatic and soil conditions, mechanical damage and action of poisonous gases, smoke, soot and dust contained in the air, especially in the conditions of cities and factory settlements. When exposed to these factors, there are formation of spots and raids on the leaves and shoots, drying of leaves and needles, wilting and death of seedlings and annual shoots, dieting and drying of shoots and tops of trees, bark burns, education wounds on trunks, ® tanks. [... ]

Interestingly, the message R. S. Vorobyova about the work of the prominent industrial hygienist of the United States of Elkins for 1961 to compare the maximum permissible concentrations of poisonous gases, vapors and dust in the air of industrial premises, which are guided in the United States and in the USSR. Elquins shares toxic substances on 8 groups. [...]

To extinguish fires: water, water emulsions of ga-lowerted hydrocarbons, chemical and air-mechanical foam, water vapor, carbon dioxide, inert gases, powders and various combinations of these compositions. The necessary means of extinguishing the fire is chosen on the basis of its compatibility condition with a burning material, i.e. Conditions that exclude the emergence of harmful adverse events (explosions, the formation of poisonous gases, etc.). [...]

At the very first signs of poisoning with gaseous blue acid, immediately exit the poisoned zone on clean air, remove the gas masks and clothes that adsorbed poisonous gas; In the future, inhalation of amylnitrite vapors with moistened to them (3-5 drops) of the watts. Full peace. Heating body. With a sharp disruption or complete suspension of breathing-artificial respiration. [...]

It is impossible to dump the production wastewater of such a composition in which the chemical interaction of the drain occurs with the release of poisonous gases or a large amount of insoluble substances clogging collector are formed. [...]

First aid for poisoning. If poisoning happened through the esophagus, it is necessary to force the victim to drink 4-6 glasses of warm water and cause vomiting. In poisoning with poisonous gases and volatile vapors (ammonia, benzene, chloroform, nitrogen oxides, industrialized household gas), it is necessary to transfer the victim to the air, not allowing the cooling of the body, to provide absolute peace and give inhale oxygen. If breathing stopped, making artificial respiration. In case of poisoning with acids, it is often necessary to rinse the mouth with a 5% sodium two-dimensional solution. In all cases, with poisoning to see a doctor. All flasks should have a label with the title content and application indication. [...]

In the replacement of electric vehicles with internal combustion engines, the Japanese are very interested in many reasons. The main thing is to solve the problem of reducing air pollution to poisonous gases in densely populated cities. Another reason is more rational exploitation of power plants. Now in Japan, as in other countries, the main load on the power plant accounts for daytime. If the electric car went into bulk operation, the recharge of millions of batteries at night would allow power plants to work evenly. [...]

Production of nitric acid, iron chloride and picric acid. This production is still accompanied by a significant pollution of the atmosphere, and the laws on the work of the enterprise establish the limit of 4.6 g / m to poisonous gases, which are mainly distinguished in the form of sulfur dioxide. [...]

On the starting decomposition process, it is possible to judge the blackening of water and the sharpness emanating from it, an unpleasant odor. With the decomposition of protein compounds, along with other substances, hydrogen sulfide is highlighted. This is a poisonous gas, the presence of which in water even in small quantities gives it a smell of rotten eggs. The hydrogen sulfide, connecting with the iron permanently available in water, forms sulfur iron of black color than and explains the blackening of the decaying water. The process of rotting is accompanied by the release of a stench odor. This happens not only with sewing water, but also when driving a sludge and solid garbage. [...]

Succession Catastrophic - Sukzesia caused by any catastrophic for the ecosystem natural (fire, windboard, unusual flood, mass reproduction of pests, etc.) or anthropogenic (deforestation, death from poisonous gases, etc.) factor. [.. .]

Catastrophic Suksessia is a succiasis that occurred as a result of any catastrophic for the ecosystem of natural or anthropogenic factors: a wind, unusual flood, mass reproduction of pests, death from poisonous gases or harmful substances, etc. [...]

A certain amount of gaseous combustion products inevitably falls into the atmosphere, and it is they who annoy our eyes, larynx and lungs, grow off the plants and spoil even such, it would seem that of non-destructive things like metal and stone. As part of the most harmful and poisonous gases can always be found sulfur, nitrogen compounds and so-called hydrocarbons. [...]

The device of several networks for removal of industrial wastewater is caused by the impossibility of combining them for sanitary reasons, fire and explosion hazard, as well as network blockage. For example, it is impossible to allow mixing on the network: a) of drainage containing cyanides, with acid waters due to the formation of a poisonous gas - a sinyl acid; b) sulfide drain drains with sour, which leads to the release of sulfur gas; c) effluents saturated with dry carbon, with any runoff, the temperature of which is above 40 °, to avoid explosions; d) viscose drain drains with sour waters leading to the formation of large quantities of surgels and viscose coagulation, which can lead to a rapid clogging of the network and the danger of the explosion; e) drains containing sulfuric acid with limestone, due to the formation of calcium sulfate, falling into a precipitate, which can be blocked by the network. Drops allocated by individual networks are often purified on local installations with disposal of delayed substances. Purified water is returned to the turnover or sent to the cooking on structures for biological cleaning of the generalsavodsky or settlements. [...]

In many cases, mixing certain types of wastewater in the sewage network can lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, it is impossible, for example, to allow mixing in the network of an enterprise or in urban sewage: a) acidic water with drains containing cyanides, due to the possibility of forming poisonous gases (sinyl acid); b) wastewater containing sulphides, with sour drains (hydrogen sulfide); c) viscose wastewater with acidic drains (at the same time there is a coagulation of the viscose with the release of dry carbon and regenerated cellulose from it); d) acidis (sulfuric acid) with lime-containing layers (calcium sulphate is formed, which can fall into a precipitate and promote the tower). [...]

The car acts or only as electric, or as a hybrid. In the latter case, when the speed exceeds 18 km / h, the gasoline engine is turned on, which leads the car further. Additional energy for acceleration gives an electric motor, automatically turned on, together with a gasoline engine. When the car is worth, the gasoline engine can continue to work, recharging the batteries. At low speed, when the output of poisonous gases from gasoline engines reaches a maximum, only an electric motor is used, and the gasoline engine works only at high speed with a minimal output of gases. When working on one gasoline, the batteries are recharged using a special device. By selecting the chauffeur, the gasoline motor can be left included to recharge the batteries and at stops. And, on the contrary, the batteries can be recharged from the usual network of 115 V (this is a standard utility for household in the USA). Auxiliary battery at 12V gives energy for low-rise electronic system, fan and headlights. [...]

According to the nature of the effects of pollution, divided into primary and secondary. Primary pollution - entering the environment directly contaminants formed during the natural anthropogenic and pure anthropogenic processes. Secondary pollution - education (synthesis) of dangerous pollutants during the physicochemical processes going directly in the environment. So, from non-toxic components under some conditions, poisonous gases are formed - phosgene; Freons, chemically inert at the surface of the Earth, enter the stratosphere to photochemical reactions, producing chlorine ions serving a catalyst when the ozone layer is destroyed (screen) of the planet. Separate reagents of such interaction can be non-hazard. [...]

Thermal pollution is associated with an increase in water temperature as a result of mixing them, with more heated surface or technological waters. For example, it is known that at the site of the Kola nuclear power station, located behind the polar circle, 7 years after the start of operation, the groundwater temperature rose from 6 to 19 ° C near the main building. With an increase in temperature, a gas and chemical composition changes occur in the waters, which leads to the reproduction of anaerobic bacteria, the increase in the number of hydro-robone-robes and the release of poisonous gases - hydrogen sulfide, methane. At the same time, the "flowering" of water, as well as the accelerated development of microflora and microfauna, which contributes to the development of other types of pollution. According to the existing sanitary standards, the temperature of the reservoir should not increase by more than 3 ° C in summer and 5 ° C in winter, and the heat load on the water should not exceed 12-17 kJ / m3. [...]

Only from the middle of the XIX century. We started cleaning the waters, especially in the cities using a pond or lake with a large surface as septic tanks. Organic substances are processed by microorganisms with the participation of dissolved oxygen in water. Microorganisms multiply extremely quickly, contributing to coagulation to the formation of large flakes, which are settled in standing water, exciting and other components of fecal waters. Having gathered at the bottom of the ILD is subjected to a slow process of rotting (anaerobic decomposition), while poisonous gases are distinguished; At the end of the XIX century. Based on these processes, the so-called EMSHER seduction sets were designed (see Fig. 3.6). They are two cylinders with conical bottoms, the settlement of the silt moves from the inner cylinder into the external and assembled at the bottom. The resulting decomposition gases can be caught and used as fuel. [...]

In the summer of 1970, the Americans were once again convinced that their cities gradually turn into gigantic "gentlemen." Over dozens of America, almost two weeks hung a thick gray peel. All these days, people almost ¡have not seen the sun, although the temperature reached 40 ° Celsius. Temperature inversion, as meteorologists called this atmospheric phenomenon, suspended normal air circulation over all east coast of the United States. The dense layer of warm air, like a cotton blanket, sank over the streets of huge cities, giving up to the ground smoke of industrial enterprises and clubs of poisonous ¡gas from exhaust pipes of millions of cars.