Social and cultural animation. Creative animation Social and cultural functions of animation activities

The concept of “animation” and “socio-cultural animation”
General characteristics of the main methods, functions and tasks of socio-cultural animation

The concept of "animation" is of Latin origin. (anita – wind, air, soul; animatus animation) and means inspiration, spiritualization, stimulation of vital forces, involvement in activity.

In the Tourist Terminological Dictionary I.V. Zorina and V.A. Kvartalnova Animation is an operating complex for the development and provision of special programs for spending free time.

Animation activities– this is an activity for the formation, promotion and implementation of animation programs for various purposes, providing interesting and developing leisure time. Scientists argue that the development of modern civilization in our time depends not so much on scientific and technological progress, but on human improvement. The active development of social and industrial relations by an individual depends directly on cultural and moral development. Here leisure takes on special importance. In modern conditions, free time is a real value. Therefore, a specialist dealing with the organization of a person’s free time must take into account the progressive dynamics of production, the environmental danger of existence and life, the influence of new media and the growing number of opportunities for organizing leisure time. Socio-cultural animation is becoming one of these young branches of social psychology and pedagogy.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the term “animation” (from the Latin anumation - to revive, inspire, spiritualize) immediately began to be used in several meanings:

1) Animation– artistic activity to create cartoons;

2) Animation- a special type of cultural and leisure activity aimed at provoking and enhancing a keen interest in culture and artistic creativity.

As can be seen from the above definitions, the same term refers to completely different types of activities, which leads to some confusion. Perhaps it makes sense to leave the term “animation” for the creators of animated films, and in the field of socio-cultural activities to use the concept of “socio-cultural animation”, which would involve activities related to the formation, promotion and implementation of leisure programs for various purposes: from relaxation and wellness to cultural, educational and creative.

Socio-cultural animation is one of the relatively young branches of socio-cultural activity.

Socio-cultural animation is a special type of cultural and leisure activity of public groups and individuals, based on modern humanistic technologies for overcoming social and cultural alienation. Thus, the main goal of socio-cultural animation will be to overcome personal tendencies towards social disintegration (prevention of socio-psychological deviations, for example, deviant behavior of adolescents, drug addiction, alcoholism, etc.), rehabilitation of critical states of the individual and assistance to the creative self-realization of the individual.

Socio-cultural animation uses traditional types and genres of artistic creativity (theater, choreography, plastic arts) as the main methods of “revitalizing” and “spiritualizing” relationships between people. This is what allows us today to recognize socio-cultural animation as the most progressive direction in the development of cultural and leisure activities.

The pedagogical aspect of socio-cultural animation lies in the regulation of the processes of socialization and individualization of a person, that is, in social education and development, carried out in the forms of leisure activities and aimed at solving the following cultural and educational tasks:

- purposeful introduction of a person to the riches of culture, the formation of his value orientations and the “elevation” of spiritual needs;

- stimulating social activity, initiative and initiative of a person in the field of leisure, increasing his leisure qualifications, that is, the ability to rationally, meaningfully and variedly organize his free time in order to maintain physical and spiritual health and self-improvement;

- creating conditions for identifying and developing the individual’s abilities, realizing his creative potential and positive self-affirmation.

Having generalized the theoretical ideas of animation and the experience of organizing the socio-cultural activities of animators in France, E.B. Mambekov gave the following detailed definition: “Sociocultural animation is part of the cultural and educational system of society and can be presented in the form of a special model for organizing sociocultural activities:

As a set of elements (institutions, government bodies, organizations, voluntary associations, animators, audiences) that are in constant relationships that characterize this model;

As a set of occupations, activities and relationships that correspond to the interests expressed by an individual in his cultural life and, especially in his free time,

As a unique socio-pedagogical system in which the leading role is played by animators, professional or voluntary, with special training and, as a rule, using active pedagogy methods.”

Thus, socio-cultural animation can be considered as an integral socio-cultural system that has an appropriate institutional subsystem, resource base, specific content and technologies (methods) of animation activities. In this respect, socio-cultural animation is fully consistent with modern Russian socio-cultural activities.

There are quite a few different definitions of the concept of socio-cultural animation, one of them is given by N. N. Yaroshenko. Sociocultural animation (animation) is a special type of sociocultural activity of public groups and individuals, based on modern technologies (social, pedagogical, psychological, cultural, etc.) that ensure overcoming social and cultural alienation.

M. Simoneau gives the following definition: “Socio-cultural animation is an area of social life in which participants set themselves the goal of certain changes in behavior and interpersonal and collective relations through direct influence on individuals. These influences are carried out mainly through a variety of activities using pedagogy of non-directive or active methods.”

Having analyzed the definitions of socio-cultural animation from the above authors, we can conclude that the unifying elements of all these definitions are:

Social groups or individuals of society;

Various methods (social, pedagogical, psychological, etc.);

Social behavior of people.

These elements indicate that socio-cultural animation is associated, first of all, with socialization.

And here, animation acts as a unique service for organizing leisure time, pursuing the goal of improving the quality of service for consumers of leisure services, and at the same time, it is a unique form of advertising, re-attracting enterprises in the social and cultural sphere.

Socio-cultural animation covers a wide field of activity:

Animation programs during meals in the context of stylized dinners and banquets rooted in history and national traditions;

Animation programs during excursions;

Sports and recreational animation programs;

Animation programs during tourist trips;

Cultural and historical holidays, mass theatrical performances, festivals, fairs and carnivals;

Museum animation programs with a wide range of possibilities: from cultural dramatizations to historical reconstructions;

Animation programs for organizing family and corporate holiday events;

Tourist and hotel animation.

2. General characteristics of the main methods, functions and tasks of socio-cultural animation

Based on the essential properties of socio-cultural animation, on their content characteristics, we can determine the basic structure of the functions of socio-cultural animation:

Recreation function - involves the restoration and development of a person’s physical and spiritual strength in the process of rest;

The relaxation function is responsible for restoring the energy expenditure of the individual, relieving stress, tension, and returning to a state of mental balance;

The communication function is implemented as a way to “revitalize” and “spiritualize” interpersonal and intergroup relationships, forms productive communication, and enriches the experience of interaction in society;

The adaptation function is implemented as a process of psychological adaptation to new living conditions, social norms and rules, a value system, and promotes the development of navigation skills in the social environment;

The correction function involves the implementation of a mechanism for “correcting” the internal state, as well as overcoming negative moods and emotions, anomalies in personality development;

The regeneration function is implemented in the process of sociocultural animation through the restoration and accumulation of positive emotions, creating and maintaining a good mood;

The reconstruction function is realized through the recreation and reproduction of forgotten sensations and emotional states of the soul; contributes to the revival of comfortable states of mind in the process of animation, as well as the resumption of socio-spiritual connections between the individual and society [Kurilo L.V., p.67].

Among basic principles, on the basis of which animation work is built, N. N. Yaroshenko identifies the following:

Man must be studied and accepted in his entirety;

Each person is unique, so the analysis of individual cases is no less justified than statistical generalizations;

A person is open to the world, a person’s experience of the world and himself in the world is the main psychological reality;

Human life should be considered as a single process of human formation and existence;

Man is endowed with the potential for development and self-realization, which are part of his nature;

A person has a certain degree of freedom from external determination thanks to the meanings and values that guide him in his choice;

Man is an active, intentional, creative entity striving for self-actualization.

In addition to the principles of socio-cultural animation, N. N. Yaroshenko also highlights it tasks:

A comprehensive assessment of a crisis situation, helping the individual understand the value implications of the situation (what is good and what is bad);

Help in determining and understanding which method of action in a particular situation is suitable to achieve the desired goal;

Bringing the individual to the need to understand the irrational overtones of the situation, i.e. the forces that stand behind openly manifested desire, awareness of one’s own unconscious desires;

Identification and assistance in understanding the real possibilities between which there is a choice;

Help in understanding the consequences that a decision will entail in a particular case;

Bringing the individual to the realization that awareness as such cannot change a crisis situation without the desire to act.

The task of socio-cultural animation is not only to study the conditions that lead to a particular human development, but also to identify socio-cultural technologies and methods that can be used to promote favorable development and overcome negative trends.

Socio-cultural animation allows us to solve the problem of providing conditions for the comprehensive free development of the individual, his creative self-expression, and also creates conditions for effective control in the field of culture.

Software animation impact on a person during his leisure time in a complex solves the problem of formation, development, preservation and restoration of his health: somatic physical, mental and moral. It is these types of health that determine the typology of areas of sociocultural animation, which is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 – Typology of areas of sociocultural animation

In each of the above types of animation programs, you can use various forms of animation activities, which are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 – Typology of animation classes

These types of animation programs have an economic and social effect, which includes:

1. Saving working time and reducing medical care costs by reducing hospital and clinic stays.

2. Reducing temporary disability through disease prevention;

3. Increase in production volume and national income due to:

Increased labor productivity;

Reducing mortality in working age.

The methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the socio-cultural situation of the life of individuals and social groups is based on a holistic study of:

a) the state of the social conditions of the individual’s life;

b) psychophysical state of the individual (tests of intellectual development, self-esteem, etc.)

c) the state of socio-psychological relations in the process of joint activity (sociometry, interpersonal diagnostics by T. Leary, etc.);

d) value-semantic relations of the individual.

e) promising programs of socio-cultural animation (work with the population of a local territorial and cultural entity; animation in single-parent families with talented, gifted children; animation work in the community, etc.)

Thus, socio-cultural animation plays the role of stimulating full-fledged recreational and leisure activities of a person by influencing his vitality through inspiration and spirituality. This type of activity has already become an integral part of the life of a modern person.

Lecture: “Recreational animation programs: Essence and typology”

Recreation presupposes the inclusion of a person in specific activities that enrich the personality. This circumstance is the main significant difference between recreational activity and leisure activity, since leisure activity does not have a pronounced value orientation, since it can include both positive and negative types of activity that destroy the personality (for example, hooliganism). However, only types of activities that create a healing, restorative effect are recreational, that is, constructive, positive, socially justified types of activities. Recreational activity is a leisure activity that is enjoyable and has socially acceptable qualities.

In the Encyclopedia of Tourism, recreation is defined as “1) expanded reproduction of human powers (physical, intellectual and emotional); 2) any game, entertainment, etc., used to restore physical and mental strength; H) the fastest growing segment of the leisure industry, associated with the participation of the population in active outdoor recreation, occurring mainly on the weekend; 4) restructuring of the body and human populations, providing the possibility of active activity under various conditions, nature and changes in the environment.”

The concept of “recreation” is closely related to the concept of “rest”.

Rest - this is a means by which restoration (recreation) of a person’s strength and performance occurs (for example, doctors consider sleep to be the most productive rest). Thus, leisure is only a part of rest, since it does not include time for sleep and other immutable costs that can be called rest.

Of interest in human activity is cultural leisure , which can be considered as a creative process: free choice of cultural activities, artistic creativity, familiarization with the best examples of art, tourism, self-organization of leisure.

There are many different typologies of modern leisure. The most significant of them are: dividing leisure into active; daily, weekly, vacation, holiday; domestic and non-domestic; individually organized and collective-organizational.

The concept of “animation” is very closely connected with the concept of “leisure” in our time.

The difference between the concepts of “animation”, “recreational animation”, “hotel animation”, “tourist animation” is associated with the variety of existing forms and programs of leisure animation activities. This diversity affects not only the hotel business, the formation of tourist routes, but also in general the organization of leisure time for people in modern life: Therefore, we can talk about animation programs of city and municipal, clubs and parks, industrial and educational institutions. Here we will talk about recreational, tourist and hotel animation, so we will distinguish between these concepts.

Figure 1 – Typology of animation

Recreational animation – a type of leisure activity aimed at restoring a person’s spiritual and physical strength. Programs implemented for recreational purposes can be carried out both by tourism enterprises with tourists and guests, and by leisure establishments with local residents. This gives us the right to assert that the concept of “recreational animation” is broader than the concepts of “tourist animation” and “hotel animation”.

Tourist animation is a type of tourism activity carried out at a tourist enterprise (tour complex, hotel) on a vehicle (cruise ship, train, bus, etc.) or at the place of stay of tourists (in a city square, in a theater or city park, etc. .), which involves tourists in a variety of activities through participation in specially designed leisure programs. In other words, tourist animation is a tourist service, during the provision of which the tourist is involved in active action. When preparing animation programs, such characteristics of tourists as nationality, age, gender, number (individual, group, mass), as well as the activity of tourist participation are taken into account.

Tourist animation is divided into three main types according to the importance, priority and volume of animation programs in the overall travel program (in the tourist product):

First type. Animated tourist routes – targeted tourist trips for the sake of one animation program, or a continuous animation process deployed in space in the form of travel, moving from one animation service (program) to another, which are provided in different geographical locations.

In this case, the animation program is targeted, priority and dominant in the tour package of services, not only in physical volume, but also in content that stimulates mental strength. Such an animation program is a pricing factor in the tourism product. Typically, such programs are intended for individual tourists or homogeneous tourist groups united by a common interest (professional, hobby).

Such animation programs include: cultural, educational and thematic, folklore and literary, musical and theatrical, art history and scientific, festival, carnival and sports, or, for example, tours of casino centers located in different countries, organized for fans of casino games .

Second type. Additional animation services during technological breaks - programs designed to “support” the basic tourist services specified in the tour package, and operating in circumstances caused by travel, travel delays and in cases of bad weather (when organizing sports and amateur tours, at beach resorts), as well as in in case of lack of snow at ski resorts, etc.

Third type. Hotel animation – a comprehensive recreational service based on personal human contacts between the tour operator and the tourist and their joint participation in the entertainment offered by the animation program of the tourist complex. This type of animation aims to implement a new philosophy of hotel service - improving the quality and provision of services and the level of tourist satisfaction with their vacation. In the hotel's marketing strategy, such animation is used as one of the main attractive services.

Hotel animation is the narrowest concept of the three considered, since it only involves the organization of leisure in places where tourists are accommodated: tourist complexes, hotels, inns, tourist centers, etc. In other words, hotel animation is a leisure activity offered by hotels, hotels, tourist complexes. This is the most significant part of tourist animation. Animation programs vary depending on the organization of recreation (in clubs, hotels of different purposes and of different sizes).

Types of animation as elements of animation programs.

From the point of view of a systematic approach, tourist animation is the satisfaction of specific tourist needs in communication, movement, culture, creativity, a pleasant time, entertainment. The range of these needs is very wide, since people going on vacation put completely different meanings into this concept: for some rest is traveling, for others it is reading books, walking in the forest, fishing, etc. According to the demand and motivation for travel in the practice of tourist services, the following develop: types of animation, satisfying the various needs of tourists (vacationers):

- animation in motion– satisfies the modern person’s need for movement, combined with pleasure and pleasant experiences;

- animation through experience– satisfies the need for a feeling of the new, unknown, unexpected when communicating, discovering, and also when overcoming difficulties;

- animation through communication– satisfies the need to communicate with new, interesting people, to discover the inner world of people and to know oneself through communication;

- animation through calming– satisfies people’s need for psychological relief from everyday fatigue through calm, solitude, contact with nature, as well as the need for peace and “idle laziness”;

- cultural animation– satisfies the need of people for the spiritual development of the individual through familiarization with cultural and historical monuments and modern examples of the culture of the country, region, people, nation;

- creative animation– satisfies a person’s need for creativity, demonstrating one’s creative abilities and establishing contacts with like-minded people through joint creativity.

Real animation programs are most often complex in nature, and the listed types of animation are the constituent elements of these programs. Therefore, we have the right to call them recreational animation programs. Recreational and animation programs, along with purely entertainment activities, include a variety of sports games, exercises and competitions. This combination makes these programs more intense, interesting and useful for strengthening and restoring health, therefore, in the relationship between animation and sports, the greatest restorative and health-improving effect is most often achieved.

Animation is a unique service for organizing and conducting leisure programs, with the goal of improving the quality of service, and at the same time, it is a unique form of advertising, re-attracting guests and their acquaintances to social and cultural institutions.

The ultimate goal of animation is a person’s satisfaction with his vacation - his good mood, positive impressions, restoration of moral and physical strength. This is the most important recreational function of animation.

Throughout the history of mankind, connections between entertainment and leisure activities can be traced, from the most ancient times to the present day, but the prerequisites for the emergence of recreational animation programs in their modern understanding are the negative consequences of industrialization and urbanization, in accordance with Figure 2.

Realities of everyday life (daily life)	Consequences of everyday life	People's reaction to everyday life as a source of tourism demand for animation services

Industrialization Urbanization	Ubiquitous technical environment Environmental pollution Monotony of work Increasing life stresses Physical and mental fatigue Lack of time and energy for creativity and favorite activities Increased population density Break with nature Fatigue from the bustle of the city Multiplicity of random connections	Desire: – leave the city for nature; – diversify impressions, touch spiritual values; – get to know and see new people; – move and develop; – communication, competition, etc.

Rice. 2. Prerequisites for the emergence of animation

“The consequence of rapid technical development (industrialization) are factors such as widespread technical environment and environmental pollution, monotony of work, physical and mental fatigue, lack of time and energy for creativity and favorite activities (hobbies). Urbanization has also created various negative consequences: increased urban population density, increased life pressures, fatigue from the multiplicity of random, superficial (anonymous) human contacts in the urban environment.

The reaction to these negative consequences is the desire to leave the city for pure nature, touch spiritual values (history, culture, art), diversify life experiences, eliminate physical and mental fatigue, learn new things, new people, find and express yourself in communication with them , be among your family in an atmosphere of relaxation and entertainment. And as a consequence of this, there is an increased demand for services such as various types of sports and amateur tourism, hobby tours, ecological nature-oriented walks, excursion and entertainment programs, sports, entertainment and medical and rehabilitation services. Thus, the change in the way of life of modern man, the nature of his work activity in connection with industrialization and urbanization has led to a change in his needs for rest and, accordingly, to a change in the content of leisure.

The organization of such recreation is associated with the formation and implementation of such entertainment programs (recreational animation programs) that would distract a person from everyday life problems, provide emotional release, being not only a means of getting rid of fatigue, but also a means of neutralizing the negative aspects of everyday life.”

So, recreational animation programs are comprehensive leisure programs that provide an opportunity to take a break from everyday life problems, provide emotional release, and neutralize the negative aspects of everyday life through the use of various types of animation.

	Recreational animation

Leisure animation (with local residents)		Tourist animation

Educational animation	Value-based animation	Practical-transformative animation	Creative animation

Rice. 3. Typology of leisure animation

Cognitive activity characterized by the assimilation of information and the acquisition of new knowledge as a result of participation in discussions, club classes, theme evenings, lectures, ceremonies, rituals, etc.

Value-oriented activities allows you to acquire, consolidate or modify your attitude to the world around you, your assessment of social phenomena, your own and others’ actions.

Practically transformative activity always aimed at creating and transforming personality based on practical, real actions.

Creativity inherent in all types and forms of leisure activities, it is all-pervasive. At the same time, creative activity is also autonomous in nature when it is directly related to art.

The substantive aspect of the social functions of leisure animation is implemented depending on the real state of a particular socio-cultural institution, on the completeness and consistency of its interaction with the environment. The structure of government determines the value-oriented basis of culture. Consequently, the more valuable the life of an individual became, not reducible to utilitarian activities, the more grounds there are to talk about cultural leisure. Moreover, the latter is understood not just as free, i.e. idle time, but time for the implementation of forms of activity that are significant for the individual, for his self-realization.

Leisure animation is one of the most important means of realizing the essential powers of a person and optimizing the socio-cultural environment that surrounds him. In leisure activities, as a rule, there are moments of transformation, cognition and evaluation. Since leisure animation is multifaceted in nature, corresponding to the diversity of needs, interests and requests of members of society, its social functions are determined by the social purpose and structure of society.

Of the three main recreational functions, leisure animation is designed to directly perform two functions - sports and recreational and educational. “In the practice of animation, for the targeted design of animation programs, the following animation functions can be distinguished:

1. Adaptive allowing you to move from an everyday environment to a free, leisure environment.

2. Compensatory, freeing a person from the physical and mental fatigue of everyday life.

3. Stabilizing creating positive emotions and stimulating mental stability.

4. Wellness, aimed at restoring and developing a person’s physical strength, weakened in everyday work life.

5. Informational allowing you to obtain new information about the country, region, people, etc.

6. Educational, allowing you to acquire and consolidate new knowledge about the world around you as a result of vivid impressions.

7. Improving, bringing intellectual and physical improvement.

9. Hedonistic(pleasure, pleasure). If the activities are useful, but not enjoyable, they will lose a significant amount of attractiveness for visitors, and along with this, some of the usefulness itself.

Such a variety of functions of the animation service has led to a variety of types of leisure animation, as well as a wide variety of animation programs and events.”

The social functions of leisure animation are such that significant groups of people are involved in their implementation: organizers of cultural and leisure programs, activists, members of various circles, amateur associations and interest clubs, and the spectators themselves. By influencing the inner world and way of action of a large number of people, leisure animation thereby influences the surrounding reality and becomes an important link in social life. At the same time, the formative impact of leisure animation should be specially organized and conducted according to a specifically developed program by people with professional training. A modern specialist at a socio-cultural institution is “a highly professional leisure organizer.” First of all, it should be said here about the interest in the chosen profession, about the inclination to work with people at leisure, about the awareness of one’s high calling. Unfortunately, very often young men and women, knowing only the external side of this work (thunderous applause at a concert, often the upbeat atmosphere of holidays held in clubs and parks, flowers and music, a cheerful disco program, cozy rooms, etc.), mistakenly believe that they are literally created for this profession. The ability to stimulate and direct people’s activities, to notice and pick up their useful initiatives in a timely manner, to awaken the population’s interest in socially useful activities is the basis of professional excellence.

The practical activities of a socio-cultural institution are structured according to areas of work, and various means of achieving the goal are used. Based on this, we can name functions, directions and means. By carrying out these functions, a socio-cultural institution fulfills its social purpose. This process is nothing more than the implementation of leisure animation programs organized in a certain way, created on a specific topic, with deep socially significant content.

Performing one or another function, a socio-cultural institution, firstly, acts as a spatial and organizational base for informational, educational, artistic, journalistic and cultural and entertainment activities. Secondly, it organizes and conducts educational events on the initiative and with the participation of activists, members of club associations. In terms of content, it is this branch of activity of a socio-cultural institution that is the most multifaceted and rich in content. This same part of the activity covers the largest audience, which is the focus of the activities of not only the socio-cultural institution, but also all organizations interested in creating a specific animation program.

Creation and consolidation of organizational, creative, performing, propaganda, search and research and other tasks that cannot be strictly “packed” into the listed functions, but are also very important. This applies primarily to holiday and ritual programs. Their task is “the social design of nodal points” on the life path of an individual or a group.

A complete system of leisure animation should be considered as a process of constant development in the inextricable unity of theory, organization and methodology. In this system, one should distinguish not only a clear structure, a set of interconnected and interacting elements fixed at any particular moment, but also its pronounced dynamism of development and improvement of each element. In addition, it should be understood that the leisure animation system includes such complex components that are themselves independent systems: it is a network of social and cultural institutions of various types (club institutions, cultural and recreation parks, museums, libraries, leisure centers, cultural complexes, youth cafes, night clubs, etc.); local authorities and middle and senior management; scientific, secondary and higher educational institutions, institutes and advanced training courses for cultural workers; material and technical base of cultural institutions.

The most effective institution in leisure animation is a club-type social and cultural institution. In club-type cultural institutions, leisure animation becomes systematic and acquires a creative character. A person’s behavior in the sphere of leisure, determined by his mentality, allows us to conclude that in leisure animation a person appears exactly as he could become under other circumstances.

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Socio-cultural animation is a pedagogy of understanding and mediation, designed to affirm relations of equality that overcome hierarchical subordination, establish relationships on the basis of greater freedom and independence, and provide individual choice in activity, creativity and communication.

Modern technologies of socio-cultural animation involve a comprehensive solution to various problems of the individual, providing her with the opportunity to self-identify as a full representative of a particular socio-cultural, leisure community, as well as conditions for inclusion in educational, creative, recreational and other types of socio-cultural activities.

At the same time, we are talking about overcoming social isolation and psychological alienation not only of people with disabilities, but also of many other categories of the population. All this forces animators - social workers, social educators, specialists in socio-cultural activities - to find effective pedagogical technologies for overcoming the problems of socio-cultural maladjustment.

Socio-cultural animation is one of the most rapidly developing areas of modern socio-cultural activity, which involves the implementation of programs of creative rehabilitation, active recreation, socio-psychological consolidation of public groups based on cultural values.

In socio-cultural animation, the problems of providing conditions for free development, creative self-expression of the individual and conditions for effective social control in the field of culture are solved.

Animation creates optimal conditions for the choice of leisure activities to best meet the needs of the individual.

Sociocultural animation recognizes personality as a unique integrity, which is not something given in advance, but an “open possibility” of self-actualization, inherent only to man.

Principles of sociocultural animation. Among the basic principles on which animation work is built are the following:

Man must be studied and accepted in his entirety;

Each person is unique, so the analysis of individual cases is no less justified than statistical generalizations;

A person is open to the world, a person’s experiences of the world and himself in the world are the main psychological reality;

Human life should be considered as a single process of human formation and existence.

Tasks of sociocultural animation. Animation in the social environment as a way to “revitalize”, “spiritualize” interpersonal and intergroup socio-psychological relationships, restore a person’s life-meaning orientations through the means of culture and art.

There are three interrelated processes in animation:

The process of creating conditions for the disclosure of an individual or group;

The process of establishing interpersonal relationships;

The creative process is a search for problems in the surrounding world and their solution.

Sociocultural animation- rehabilitation technology from the field of social life, the participants of which set themselves the goal of a certain change in the behavior of interpersonal and collective relations through direct influences on individuals. This impact is carried out through a variety of activities.
The phenomenon of animation has a dual meaning, being at the same time a method of adaptation, social therapy and an ideology of liberation through participation in social creativity. The functions of animation, on the one hand, are to unblock public connections and establish warm, trusting relationships. On the other hand, in teaching and mastering the languages of thought, aesthetics, and poetics. The subject of animation is the revitalization of relationships between individuals and social groups. The target orientation of sociocultural animation is to actively prevent the “dying” and “alienation” of the individual in the culture of society, in the complex structure of social relations.
Animation activities manifests itself at the organizational, activity and methodological (technological) levels. Among the forms of organizing animation therapy, it is worth highlighting communication clubs that widely use sociocultural rehabilitation technologies. Their activities may contain elements of group psychotherapy and psychological training, relaxation programs, pantomime scenes, participation in constructive debate and role-playing situations, presentation of biographies, discussion of anonymous life history, description of the content of dreams, fantasies, associations, etc.
Participation in such types of activities allows members of the animation group to simultaneously act as both an active participant and an observer, providing an opportunity for training the emotional sphere, conducting intellectual analysis, searching for and choosing an appropriate behavior model.
Leading method Animation therapy (along with recreational, gaming, developmental activities and others) is artistic creativity. Various areas of artistic creativity (dramatic performance, theatrical improvisation, fine arts, amateur musical performance, original types of creativity, etc.) are means of animation.
The basic principle- art for the participant, and not art for the viewer, that is, the main goal is to provide aesthetic and moral satisfaction to the participant, and not to the public. This is a therapeutic moment for the rehabilitator, who can manifest himself in different roles - performer, author, assistant, organizer.
The implementation of sociocultural animation programs (for example, work with the population of a territorial entity, animation in single-parent families, animation activities with gifted disabled people, etc.) involves:
- determination of the most comprehensive and practically applicable criteria for “deviations from the social norm”;
-development of plans and programs based on social, socio-psychological and pedagogical analysis of abnormal processes of personality socialization, carried out on the basis of the criteria of “deviations from the social norm”;
-organization of interaction with institutions of the sociocultural sphere in the process of implementing animation programs;
-analysis of the results of animation activities.

Content
Introduction...2

1.1. Modern technologies in Russia4

2.1. The concept of socio-cultural animation...6
2.2. Tasks of socio-cultural animation.8
2.3. Animators.10
Chapter 3. Animation Directions
3.1. Animation for the unemployed...12
3.2. Animation for the elderly.15
3.3. Animation in tourism...16
3.4. Sports and recreational direction of animation.18
3.5. Types of animation programs....20
3.6. Technology for creating animation programs..21
Conclusion.23
References....25
Introduction
According to experts, at present, the inclusion of animated programs of a cultural, educational, sports, tourist, and entertainment nature in the content of tourist routes and trips, and in the work of hotels increases their prestige and demand in the tourism services market.
While having fun, a person or a group of people satisfies their spiritual needs, evaluates their own personality, and analyzes their role on the scale of various subsystems. Entertainment processes are carried out both in natural and artificially created environments.
The entertainment industry aims to create conditions for entertainment, i.e. a set of phenomena on the presence of which the process of entertainment depends.
The social orientation of the development of the entertainment industry is expressed in the fact that it serves the formation of new personal and social needs, as well as the manifestation and development of needs under existing preconditions. The entertainment industry, solving multifaceted problems (primarily education, the formation of an optimistic mood, education, recreation, and the development of human culture), essentially forms and develops personality. By filling part of his free time with entertainment, a person restores himself as a work unit.
In world practice, the sphere of entertainment services for the population includes tourism enterprises, including tourist accommodation facilities. A number of enterprises, organizations, and institutions provide entertainment in the form of their non-core activities. In addition to hotels, these include recreation areas and historical sites.
The entertainment industry acts as an independent, relatively isolated link in the economic system, attracting significant material, financial, and labor resources. In this regard, entertainment industry enterprises are characterized by specific technologies, management systems, performance results, labor organization, and personnel.
The study of tourists as consumers of specific results of the entertainment industry is certainly of great importance. Special types of activities are also carried out that purposefully evoke the corresponding emotions. Patterns of consumption of entertainment industry products should be studied in comparison with a person’s previous lifestyle.
The purpose of the work is to study the relationships associated with the process of social-animation services.
The object of study is the animation process itself.
The subject of the research is modern technologies in animation methods and techniques that ensure overcoming social and cultural alienation.
To achieve the goals of this work, it is necessary to determine the following tasks:
- the concept of socio-cultural technologies;
- studying the concepts of socio-cultural animation, defining its tasks;
- study of animation directions.
The structure of this work consists of: introduction, three chapters, including ten paragraphs, conclusion and bibliography.
Chapter 1. Socio-cultural technologies
1.1. Modern technologies in Russia
The modern period of development of social practice in Russia is characterized by the widespread use of various social technologies - from monotechnologies to polytechnological systems. The social space in which individual technologies or their combination find their application is expanding: from political and election to sociological and analytical, from Internet technologies to technologies of various types of communications, from educational and pedagogical to technologies for providing targeted social services to various groups of the population and etc.
The penetration of technology as an instrumental cognitive-transformative means into various sectors of the social sphere (not to mention others) can quite reasonably be considered as one of the patterns of development of modern society, and in the sectors of social work and socio-pedagogical activity - as a stable trend their development (which is confirmed by the exponential growth in the number of scientific research and publications on this problem). Moreover, each technology has a well-defined theoretical and methodological potential for cognition and transformation of social practice.
Naturally, the analysis of this potential can be carried out from different positions: from the point of view of various sciences and scientific disciplines; goals and target orientations; functional purpose of a specific technology; determining their nomenclature; identifying structure, content, sequence, etc., i.e. within a wide range of criteria for evaluating these technologies
In the process of constant changes taking place in society, the idea of the possibilities, abilities and goals of a person in the modern world is also changing. Modern reality makes special demands on a person, dictating to him the need to combine expenses and restoration of vitality, by balancing passivity and activity. The importance of a person’s personal activity, initiative, and ability to creatively perceive reality is increasingly increasing. However, not every person has such qualities, especially when experiencing a difficult life situation. One of the most pressing problems of our time is the loss of work among able-bodied citizens of the country. For most people who have lost their jobs for various reasons, a period of difficulties, illness, poverty, and a passive attitude towards life begins.
Chapter 2. Socio-cultural animation
2.1. The concept of socio-cultural animation
Animation in the generally accepted sense is considered to be a certain type of activity that pursues the goals of developing and presenting special programs for spending free time. Animation programs include sports games and competitions, dance evenings, carnivals, games, hobbies, activities within the sphere of spiritual interests, etc.
Socio-cultural animation is a special type of socio-cultural activity of public groups and individuals, which is based on modern technologies (socio-pedagogical, psychological, cultural, etc.) that ensure overcoming social and cultural alienation.
Technologies of socio-cultural animation offer, in the form of the main methods of “revitalizing” and “spiritualizing” relations between people, the extensive use of public spiritual and cultural values, traditional types and genres of artistic creativity, thereby providing individuals with certain conditions for inclusion in creative, recreational, educational, entertainment and other types of socio-cultural activities.
In the process of entertainment, a person or a group of people satisfy their specific spiritual needs, evaluate their own personality and also analyze their role on the scale of various subsystems. A variety of entertainment processes can occur in both natural and artificial environments.
The main goals of the entertainment industry are to create certain conditions for entertainment, in other words, a set of phenomena on the presence of which the entire entertainment process will depend.
The social orientation of the development of the entertainment industry is expressed in the fact that it serves the formation of new personal and social needs, as well as the manifestation and development of people’s needs under existing conditions. By solving multifaceted problems, such as education, the formation of an optimistic mood, education, as well as the development of human culture, the entertainment industry essentially shapes and develops personality. By filling part of his leisure time with entertainment, a person restores himself as a work unit.
The entertainment industry is an independent, relatively isolated part of the economic system, attracting quite significant material, financial and labor resources. In this matter, entertainment industry enterprises are characterized by specific technologies, management systems, results of activities, labor organization, and personnel.
Socio-cultural animation is one of the main links in the general entertainment industry, using specialized techniques and techniques.
2.2. Objectives of socio-cultural animation
Socio-cultural animation is, at its core, a pedagogy of understanding and mediation, designed to affirm relations of equality, overcoming hierarchical subordination, establishing personal relationships on the basis of greater freedom and independence, providing individual choice in activity, creativity and communication.
Most modern technologies of socio-cultural animation involve a comprehensive solution to a variety of human problems, giving him the opportunity to self-identify as a full representative of a particular socio-cultural and leisure community, as well as providing conditions for involvement in educational, creative, recreational and other types of socio-cultural activities.
At the same time, the question arises about overcoming social isolation and psychological alienation not only of people with disabilities, but also of some other categories of the population. Today, in many social and age categories of our society, there are people who are on the verge of “social extinction”; for them, the constant struggle for full social status takes on the meaning of a struggle for life, and the rhetorical question “life or death” for many of these people becomes decisive. This situation encourages animators, who can be social workers, social teachers and other specialists in socio-cultural activities, to look for and find more and more effective pedagogical technologies to overcome the problems of socio-cultural disadaptation.
A special direction of Western socio-cultural pedagogy, which is socio-cultural animation, is aimed at solving these problems. In socio-cultural animation there is an absolutely bizarre interweaving of philosophical and worldview approaches and various applied practices, from psychotechnical to theatrical. With all this, socio-cultural animation widely uses traditional types and genres of artistic creativity in the form of the main methods of “revival and spiritual creation” of relations between people; it is this approach to the problem that has allowed socio-cultural animation to be recognized today as an innovative direction in order to develop socio-cultural activities.
Socio-cultural animation today is one of the most rapidly developing areas of modern socio-cultural activity, involving the implementation of programs of creative rehabilitation, active recreation, socio-psychological consolidation of public groups based on cultural values.

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Chapter 3. Animation Directions
3.1. Animation for the unemployed
In modern theory and practice of socio-cultural activities, animation technologies are innovative, which involve solving various problems of the individual, which create certain conditions for the inclusion of the individual in socio-cultural activities in the complex.
Socio-cultural animation (animation) is considered a special type of socio-cultural activity of public groups and individuals, which is based on modern technologies (social, pedagogical, psychological, cultural, etc.) that provide solutions to problems social and cultural alienation.
Socio-cultural animation is focused on a person’s personality, completely focusing on the formation of its independence and activity.
Animation work can solve a complex of interrelated problems:
- comprehensive assessment of the crisis situation, assistance in the individual’s understanding of the value implications;
- assistance in determining and understanding which method of action in a particular situation to use to achieve the desired goal;
- bringing the individual to the need to understand the irrational implications of the situation, i.e. the forces that stand behind openly manifested desire, awareness of one’s own unconscious desires;
- identification and assistance in realizing real opportunities between which there is a choice;
- assistance in understanding the consequences that a decision may entail in a particular case;
- bringing a person to the awareness that awareness as such does not change the crisis situation without a special desire to act.
Socio-cultural animation has a humanistic orientation, since its subject is a person capable of self-actualization, self-development, and self-improvement.
Socio-cultural animation not only provides psychological and psychotherapeutic support to categories of citizens in need, it also offers conditions and methods for a constructive way out of a difficult life situation for an individual. By applying the technologies of socio-cultural animation in practice, we obtain a comprehensive assessment of the crisis situation, identifying the most constructive ways of behavior in it to achieve the goal.
Among the main areas of animation work with various categories of citizens, the most basic, in our opinion, are considered to be assistance in overcoming difficult life situations and critical personal conditions, with the help of psychotherapeutic training and creative rehabilitation.
Persons left without work are the social group most in need of socio-psychological, psychological-pedagogical, socio-cultural assistance.
The most optimal solution to the problems of the unemployed is seen in the creation of stable, stimulating conditions for the formation of their active life position. Episodic influences have only a temporary effect, giving only temporary positive results.
A more effective process of forming an active life position for the unemployed is seen in the introduction into practice of clearly planned animation programs of a comprehensive nature.
Animation programs are most often complex in nature, and involve the use of a whole variety of means, forms and methods of work. They combine activities of various types. This combination, depending on the goal, makes these programs more effective, rich, and interesting.
When developing and organizing animation programs, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics inherent in people who are left without work. After dismissal, people's activity generally decreases. The unemployed are more likely to have a passive, dependent position. The inertia of consciousness and the instability of the situation in society make it difficult to constructively exit the situation of unemployment. Most people who have lost their jobs consider themselves victims of socio-economic changes taking place in society. Losing a job for them is not a kind of incentive to be active; it is stress, for the most part leading to depression and social illnesses. Unemployed people have difficulty setting a clear goal for their activities, as well as methods for achieving it.
Realizing the complexity of the situation of people left without work, it can be assumed that the development and implementation in the practice of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere of animation programs to form an active life position of people left without work is one of the conditions for their successful exit from a crisis, difficult life situation.
Animation programs for the formation of an active life position of people left without work should be aimed at actualizing the need for self-improvement and self-development; increasing the level of self-esteem of the unemployed; formation and development of skills and abilities, acquisition of new theoretical knowledge and methods of their practical application; for the active inclusion of the unemployed in social and cultural activities; to form their positive life prospects, etc.
Thus, animation technologies for the formation of an active life position of people left without work are of no small importance at the current stage of development of society. The problem of their application requires deep understanding and specific practical developments.

Bibliography

1. Bounds, J. & Hepburn, H. Empowerment & Older People. 1995.
2. Dictionary of social pedagogy /Auth.comp. L.V. Mardakhaev.-: Publishing center “Academy”, 2002.
3. Encyclopedic sociological dictionary / General. ed. G.V. Osipov, M.: RAS ISPI, 1995
4. Yaroshenko N.N. Socio-cultural animation: Textbook. Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional Moscow, 2004.
5. Gulyaev V.G. "Organization of tourist activities", Moscow, 1996.
6. Zorin I.V. “Personnel management. Planning a career in tourism." Moscow, 2000
7. Kotler F. “Marketing. Hospitality and tourism", Moscow, 1998.
8. Chudnovsky A.D. "Hotel and tourism business", Moscow 1998.
9. Newspaper about emigration, work, vacation, study abroad “Zagranitsa”, April 15(68), 2002.
10. Voyage magazine, April 2000.
11. Magazine “The Whole World”, No. 35(2) 2002.
12. Magazine "Tourism", No. 37 1997.
13.Sonina V. Development of the socio-cultural sphere as a factor in the social security of the population.//Questions of Economics.-1992-No. 7.
14. Yaroshenko N.N. Social and cultural animation. Ed. 2 e, rev. and additional M., 2005.

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Cultural animation.

Cultural animation is not just satisfying the need for familiarization with the cultural values of a particular people, country, region or type of leisure, it is a way of self-development and self-realization, cultural integration, education, coupled with the recreational effect of knowing the exotic presented both in strictly historical and cultural forms and in animated, life-affirming forms.

Creative animation.

Creative animation is a very specific type of animation, which is the most developed form of cultural and leisure activity, since it is aimed at self-realization and self-development of a person as a creative person.

Creative animation is based on revitalizing a person’s creative abilities by including him in various forms of activity that are closest or most interesting to him based on the person’s hobbies and interests. That is, through animation, a person realizes his aspirations in his spare time, the embodiment of his own life position. This direction of animation is designed to help a person gain new knowledge.

Thus, animation programs, solving multifaceted problems, primarily education, creating an optimistic mood, education, recreation, in essence, form and develop personality. The social orientation of animation programs is expressed in the fact that it serves the formation of new personal and social needs.

The structure of animation activities includes: recreation, relaxation, adaptation, communication, correction, reconstruction, regeneration. Animation methods can be defined as special ways of implementing adequate, expedient and unobtrusive socio-psychological assistance to an individual in the process of socialization and life activity. In social animation, the following groups of methods are distinguished: social protection; socio-pedagogical correction; creative rehabilitation; identifying and supporting dynamic trends of creative self-determination, etc.

Having defined animation as an independent area of cultural and leisure activity, and also having considered the animation process from the point of view of a systematic approach, as a process of satisfying specific human needs in communication, movement, culture, creativity, entertainment and pleasant pastime, it was revealed that the following forms of organization of animation activities are distinguished: : active animation, sensory animation (event, theatrical, fairy tale therapy, sports), communication animation, calm animation (musical, fairy tale, game, dance, art, environmental therapy), cultural and creative social animation.