How many Tatars deported from the Crimea. How and why did the deportation of the Crimean Tatars

It happened immediately after the release of the peninsula from the Hitler's invaders. The official cause of the action was called the criminal assistance of many thousands of Tatars with invaders.

Collaborators of Crimea

The eviction was carried out under the control of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in May 1944. The order of the deportation of Tatars, allegedly included in the collaborationist groups during the occupation of the Crimean ASSR, Stalin signed shortly before that, on May 11th. Beria substantiated reasons:

Desertion of 20 thousand Tatars from the army for the period 1941-1944;
- the unreliability of the Crimean population, especially pronounced in border areas;
- the threat to the security of the Soviet Union because of the collaborationist actions and the anti-Soviet moods of the Tatar of Crimea;
- Hyon 50,000 civilians in Germany with the assistance of the Crimean Tatar Committees.

In May 1944, the Government of the Soviet Union has not yet had all the figures relating to the real position in the Crimea. After the defeat of Hitler and the counting of losses, it became known that 85.5 thousand new "slaves" of the Third Reich was actually stolen in Germany only from among the civilian population of Crimea.

Almost 72 thousand executed with the direct participation of the so-called "noise". Schuma - auxiliary police, and in fact - punitive Crimean-Tatar battalions submitted by the fascists. Of these 72 thousand 15 thousand communists were brutally tortured in the largest concentration camp of Crimea, the former collective farm "Red".

Basic accusations

Part of the collaborators after the retreat of Nazis took with them to Germany. Subsequently, a special regiment of the SS was formed from their number. Another part (5,381 people) were arrested by security officers after the release of the peninsula. During arrests seized a lot of weapons. The government feared the armed rebellion of the Tatars because of their proximity to Turkey (the last Hitler was calculated to draw into the war with the Communists).

According to Russian scientist research, Professor of the history of Oleg Romanceko, during the war, 35 thousand Tatars of Crimea could somehow help the fascists: served in the German police, participated in the shootings, issued communists, etc. For this, even distant relatives of traitors rely on reference and confiscation of property.

The main argument in favor of the rehabilitation of the Crimean-Tatar population and his return to the historical homeland was the fact that the deportation was actually not carried out on the actual acts of specific people, but on the national basis.

Even those who did not contribute to the fascists went to the link. At the same time, 15% of men-Tatars fought together with other Soviet citizens in the Red Army. In the partisan detachments, 16% were the Tatars. Their families were also deported. In this mass, the concerns of Stalin were reflected in this, that the Crimean Tatars can succumb to the protests, raise the rebellion and be on the side of the enemy.

The government wanted to quickly eliminate the threat from the south. The eviction was carried out urgently, in commodity wagons. On the road, many gibbles because of the cramped, lack of food and drinking water. In total, about 190 thousand Tatars were sent out of Crimea during the war years. 191 Tatar died during transportation. Another 16 thousand died in new places of residence from mass hunger in 1946-1947.

The deportation of the Crimean Tatars in the last year of the Great Patriotic War was a mass eviction of the local residents of the Crimea in a row of areas of the Uzbek SSR, the Kazakh SSR, the Mari ASSR and other republics of the Soviet Union. It happened immediately after the release of the peninsula from the Hitler's invaders. The official cause of the action was called the criminal assistance of many thousands of Tatars with invaders.

Collaborators of Crimea

Basic accusations

On the eve of the war, the Crimean Tatars amounted to less than one fifth population of the peninsula. Here is the correspondence of 1939 1:

Nevertheless, the Tatar minority was not at all stirred in their rights towards the "Russian-speaking" population. Rather, the opposite. The state languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimean ASSR were Russian and Tatar. The National Principle was based on the administrative division of the Autonomous Republic: in 1930, national settlements were created: Russians 207, Tatar 144, German 37, Jewish 14, Bulgarian 9, Greek 8, Ukrainian 3, Armenian and Estonian - by 2. In addition National regions were organized. In 1930, there were 7 such districts: 5 Tatar (Sudaksky, Alushta, Bakhchisaray, Yalta and Balaklavsky), 1 German (Biyuk-Onlarsky, later Telmansky) and 1 Jewish (Frajdorf) 2 In all schools, the children of national minorities studied in their native language . After the start of the Great Patriotic War, many Crimean Tatars were called to the Red Army. However, the service was short. We cite a deposit note. The Commissar Completion Commissar of the USSR B.Z. Kobulov and the Deputy. Commissar of the internal affairs of the USSR I.A. Serov in the name of L.P.Baryia, dated April 22, 1944:

"... everyone designed to the Red Army amounted to 90 thousand people, including 20 thousand Crimean Tatars ... 20 thousand Crimean Tatars deserted in 1941 from the 51st Army during the retreat of her from the Crimea ..." 3.

Thus, the desertion of the Crimean Tatars from the Red Army was almost virtual. This is confirmed by data on separate settlements. Thus, in the village of COUOS from 132 designed in 1941, 120 people were deserted into the Red Army 4.

Then the German invaders began serving.

"From the very first days of his arrival, the Germans, leaning on the Tatar-nationalists, not the robes of their property openly, as they did with the Russian population, they tried to provide a good attitude towards themselves of the local population" 5, "the head of the 5th partisan district of Krasnikov wrote .

Already in December 1941, the German command has begun to organize the so-called "Muslim committees". Under the leadership of Germans, armed detachments of "self-defense" began to form. Many Tatars were used as conductors punitive detachments against partisans. Separate detachments were sent to the Kerch front and partially on the Sevastopol section of the front, where he participated in the battles against the Red Army. But most of all they became famous for the peace with the peaceful population. Here it is appropriate to remember one of the main arguments of defenders of "repressed peoples":

"The accusation in betrayal, really perfect by the individual groups of the Crimean Tatars, was unreasonably distributed to the entire Crimean-Tatar people" 6.

Say, not all of the Tatars served the Germans, but only the "separate groups", while others are partisani at that time. However, in Germany, also existed an antihytler underground, so, now the Germans are recorded in our allies in the 2nd world? Let's watch concrete numbers. Let us turn to the data of the N.F. Bugai:

"In the divisions of the German army, stationed in Crimea, consisted of approximate data, more than 20 thousand Crimean Tatars" 7

.
That is, taking into account the information provided in the Cobulov and Serov quoted note, almost all the Crimean-Tatar population of the draft age. It is significant that this non-aging circumstance is actually recognized in a very characteristic publication ("The book is a documentary historical basis of measures carried out in the Russian Federation on the rehabilitation of defined and punished peoples" 8).

And how many Crimean Tatars were among the partisans? As of June 1, 1943, there were 262 people in the Crimean partisan detachments, of which 145 Russians, 67 Ukrainians and ... 6 Tatars 9. On January 15, 1944, according to the party archive of the Crimean Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, there were 3733 partisans in Crimea, from them Russians - 1944, Ukrainians - 348, Tatars - 598 10. Finally, according to a certificate of party, national and age-related partisans of Crimea for April 1944, among the partisans were: Russians - 2075, Tatars - 391, Ukrainians - 356, Belarusians - 71, others - 754 11.

So, even if you take the maximum of the given numbers - 598, the ratio of the Tatars in the German army and in the partisans will be more than 30 to 1. It is also very interesting to read the newspaper "Azat Crimea" ("Liberated Crimea"), published in the occupied Crimea since 1942 to 1944. Here are some characteristic exposures 12:

03/03/1942

After our German brothers moved the historical ditch at the gate of the relent, the Great Sun of Freedom and Happiness rose for the peoples of Crimea.

03/10/1942

Alushta. At the meeting arranged by the Muslim Committee, muslims expressed their gratitude to the great Führer Adolf Hitler-Efendy for the free life given to them by the Muslim people. Then they arranged worship for the preservation of life and health for many Summer Adolf Hitler-Efendi.

In the same room:

Great Hitler - the liberator of all nations and religions! 2 thousand Tatars der. Cockclines (now s. Sokolina Bakhchisarai district) and surroundings gathered for prayer ... in honor of the German warriors. The German martyrs of war we made a prayer ... The whole Tatar people pray every minute and asks Allah to give the Germans to the victory over the world. Oh, the Great Leader, we tell you with all my heart, from our whole being, believe us! We, Tatars, give the floor to fight with the flock of Jews and the Bolsheviks together with the German warriors in one row! .. Yes, thanks you the Lord, our great Mr. Hitler!

03/20/1942

Together with the glorious German brothers who came to free the world of the East, we, the Crimean Tatars, declare the world that we did not forget the solemn promises of Churchill in Washington, his desire to revive the Zhidovsky power in Palestine, his desire to destroy Turkey, to capture Istanbul and Dardanelles , raise an uprising in Turkey and Afghanistan, etc. etc. The East is waiting for his liberator not from the solicing Democrats and Screws, but from the National Socialist Party and from the liberator Adolf Hitler. We gave an oath to go for victims for such a sacred to a brilliant task.

04/10/1942

From the message of A. Gitler, adopted by more than 500 Muslims of Karasubazar.

Our liberator! We only thanks to you, your help and thanks to the courage and dedication of your troops, managed to open our prayer houses and make prayers in them. Now there is no and there can be no such force that would separate us from the German people and from you. The Tatar people swore and gave the floor by posting volunteers in the ranks of German troops, hand in hand with your troops fight against the enemy to the last drop of blood. Your victory is the victory of the entire Muslim world. We pray for God for the health of your troops and ask God to give you a great liberator of peoples, for many years of life. You are now a liberator, the head of the Muslim world - Gaza Adolf Hitler.

In the same room:

The liberator of oppressed peoples, the son of the German people Adolf Hitler.

We, Muslims, with the arrival in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe valiant sons of the Great Germany from your blessing and in memory of a long-length friendship became a shoulder to shoulder with the German people, took the weapons in their hands and began to fight the great universal ideas to the last drop of blood - the destruction of the Red Jewish Bolshevik plague to the end and without a residue.
Our ancestors came from the east, and we were waiting for liberation from there, today we are witnessing the fact that we are released from the West. Maybe the first and only time in history happened so that the Sun of Freedom rose from the West. This is the sun - you, our great friend and the leader, with their powerful German people.
Presidium of the Muslim Committee.

As we see, Gorbachev with his notorious "universal owes" was a worthy predecessor.

After the liberation of Crimea, the hour of payback came by Soviet troops.

The NKVD and NKGB bodies are carried out in the Crimea, work on the identification and seizure of the opponent's agent, traitors of the Motherland, the accomplices of the German-fascist occupiers and another anti-Soviet element.
As of May 7, this year. Arrested persons of 5381 people.
The 5995 rifles, 337 machine guns, 250 cars, and a large number of garnet and rifle cartridges and a large number of garnet and rifle cartridges and a large number of grenades and rifle cartridges are seized.
From parts of the Red Army, by 1944, over 20 thousand Tatars were deserted, who changed their homeland, went to the Germans and with a weapon in their hands struggled against the Red Army ...
Given the treacherous actions of the Crimean Tatars against the Soviet people and on the undestereridation of the further residence of the Crimean Tatars on the border outskirts of the Soviet Union, the NKVD of the USSR introduces the draft decision of the State Defense Committee on evicting all the Tatars from the territory of Crimea.
We consider it expedient to condemn the Crimean Tatars as special settlers in the areas of the Uzbek SSR for use in both agriculture - collective farms, state farms and in industry and construction.
The question of the settlement of the Tatars in the Uzbek SSR was agreed with the secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Uzbekistan, t. Yusupov.
According to preliminary data, there are currently 140-160 thousand Tatar people in the Crimea. The eviction operation will be started on May 20-21 and is completed on June 1st. I present a draft resolution of the State Defense Committee, I ask your decision.
People's Commissar of the Interior of the SSR Union
L.Beria

Project

Decision
State Defense Committee 14

May 1944

GKO decides:

1. All the Tatars from the territory of the Crimea and settle them for permanent residence as special settlers in the areas of the Uzbek SSR. Eviction shall be entrusted to the NKVD of the USSR. Observe the NKVD of the USSR (Tov. Beria) Evaluation of the Crimean Tatars to finish until June 1, 1944

2. Set the following procedure and conditions for eviction:
a) Allow special settlements to bring personal belongings, clothing, household equipment, dishes and food in the amount of up to 500 kg per family.
The remaining property, buildings, surviving buildings, furniture and household lands are accepted by local authorities; All productive and dairy cattle, as well as poultry accepted by Narkomasomolprom; All agricultural products - the USSR narerczag; Horses and other working cattle - Narc Commpse of the USSR; Tribal cattle - drug addicts of the USSR.
Reception of livestock, grain, vegetables and other types of agricultural products from the emergency exchange receipts to each settlement and each economy.
Instruct the NKVD of the USSR, Drugsmore, NarkomMyasomolprom, People's Commissariat and Narkomzagov, the USSR from July 1, this year. Submit to SNK proposals on the order of return on exchange receipts to the special vehicles taken from them livestock, poultry, agricultural products.

b) To organize a reception from the Special Fleeves left in places of eviction of property, livestock, grain and agricultural products, send the Commission of the USSR SNK as part of: Chairman of the Commission Tov. Gritsenko (Deputy Chairman of the SNK RSFSR) and members of the Commission - TOV. Peasanticov (members of the USSR Commissar Commons), Tov. Supported (member of the NKM and MP College), Tov. Emptyova (members of the USSR Commissar Committee), Tov. Kabanova (Deputy People's Commissioner of Sovzhozov of the USSR), TOV. Guseva (members of the USSR Commissocrinal Complex).
To oblige the USSR Commissar Member (Tov. Benedictova), Narkomzag of the USSR (Tov. Subbotina), NKP and MP (Tov. Smirnova), drug addicts of the USSR (Tov. Lobanova) to ensure reception from special safety lines, grain and agricultural products. Gritsenko) in the Crimea the required number of employees.

c) Commit the NKPS (Tov. Kaganovich) to organize the transportation of special fleets from the Crimea to the Uzbek SSR specially formed echelons according to the schedule compiled in conjunction with the NKVD of the USSR. The number of echelons, loading station and destination station on the application of the NKVD of the USSR. Calculations for transportation to produce prisoners at the fare.

d) Drug Advocacy of the USSR (Tov. Mierates) to allocate for each echelon with specialists, in terms of approval from the NKVD of the USSR, one doctor and two nurses with the corresponding reserves of medicines and provide medical and sanitary services of special settlers on the way.

e) Nikazorga of the USSR (Tov. Lyubimov) to provide all the echelons with special flexible lines every day hot nutrition and boiling water. For the organization of food specialists in the way to allocate drugs products ...

3. To oblige secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Uzbekistan TOV. Yusupova, Chairman of SNK Uzssr Tov. Abdurakhmanov and the People's Commissioner of the Interior of the Uzbek USSR Tov. Cobulova until July 1, this year. To carry out the following events for receiving and resettlement of special settlements:
a) to accept and settle within the Uzbek SSR 140-160 thousand people of the Special Counsels of the Tatars directed by the NKVD of the USSR from the Crimean ASSR.
The resettlement of specialists to produce in state-owned villages, existing collective farms, utility farms of enterprises and factory settlements for use in agriculture and industry.

b) In the areas of the resettlement of special trains, to create commissions as part of the Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee, the Secretary of the Regional Commission and the Head of the UCNVD, having putting all the activities related to the direct placement of arriving specialists for these commissions.

c) Prepare a friendly transportation for transportation of special settlements, mobilizing transportation for this any enterprises and institutions.

d) Ensure that coming special selertillas in household plots and assist in the construction of houses by local building materials.

e) to organize in areas of settlement of special specialists of the NKVD special committee, the content of them due to the estimates of the NKVD of the USSR.

(e) Central Committee and SNK UZSSR by May 20, S.G. Submit to the NKVD of the USSR Tov. Beria The design of the settlement of special trains by regions and districts with an indication of the stations of echelons unloading.

4. To oblige Agriculturalbank (TOV. Kravtsova) to issue special trampers directed to the Uzbek SSR, in the places of their settlement loan to the construction of houses and on the economic input of up to 5,000 rubles per family with installments up to 7 years.

5. To oblige the drug commerce of the USSR (TOV. Subbotina) to allocate to the SNK of the Uzbek SSR flour, cereals and vegetables for issuing special trains during June-August, S.G. Monthly equal number ... Issue to special fleets, cereals and vegetables during June-August, S.G. produce for free, in the calculation of agricultural products and livestock accepted in places.

6. To oblige NPOs (Tov. Khrulev) Transfer over Mayu-July of this year. To strengthen vehicles of the NKVD troops placed by garrisons in the areas of resettlement of special fleets in the Uzbek SSR, the Kazakh SSR and the Kyrgyz SSR vehicle "Willis" 100 pieces and freight 250 pieces of repair.

7. Relax Glavnefesnab (Tov. Wide) to allocate and ship up to May 20, 1944 in points to indicate the NKVD of the USSR of Authenthess 400 tons and at the disposal of the SNA of the Uzbek SSR - 200 tons. Supplies of Autobanzin to produce due to uniform reduction of deliveries to all other consumers.

8. Observe the Harnersnubeclone SNK of the USSR (Tov. Lopukhov) at the expense of the sales of resources to put the NKPS 75,000 carriages of 2.75 m each with the supply of them until May 15 s.; Transportation of the NKPS boards to produce with their own means.

9. People's Commissariat of the USSR (Tov. Zverev) release the USSR NKVD in May S.G. From the USSR SCS Reserve Fund to carry out special events of 30 million rubles.

Chairman of the State Defense Committee
I.Stalin

On April 2 and 11, 1944, GKO adopted Resolution No. 5943ss and No. 5859ss about the eviction of the Crimean Tatars from the Crimean ASSR to the Uzbek SSR 15.

The operation was carried out quickly and decisively. The eviction began on May 18, and already on May 20, Serov and Kobulov reported:

Telegram in the name of the People's Commissioner of the Internal Affairs of the USSR L.P.Baryia 16

We hereby report that begun in accordance with your instructions on May 18, this year. The eviction operation of the Crimean Tatars is completed today, May 20, at 16 hours. All 180014 people were evicted, submersed in 67 echelons, of which 63 echelon is a number of 173.287 people. Sent to destination, the remaining 4 echelon will also be sent today.
In addition, the Railoenkoms of Crimea mobilized the 6,000 Tatars of the draft age, which, according to the outfits, the primordial form of the Red Army are directed to the city of Guryev, Rybinsk and Kuibyshev.
From among the directed to your instructions to the Trest "MOVOGOL" 8000 people of specialkontinger 5000 people. Also make up the Tatars.
Thus, 191.044 people of Tatar nationality were exported from the Crimean ASSR.
During the eviction of the Tatars, anti-Soviet elements of 1137 people were arrested, and in total during the operation - 5989 people.
Separated weapons during eviction: mortars - 10, machine guns - 173, automata - 192, rifles - 2650, ammunition - 46.603 pcs.
In total, during the operation, seized: mortars - 49, machine guns - 622, automata - 724, rifles - 9888 and booster - 326.887 pcs.
When carrying out operation, no excesses had a place.
Serov
Kobulov

In addition to the Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians and Persons of Foreign Location were evicted from Crimea. The need for this step was justified by the following document:

I.V. Stalin 17

After evicting the Crimean Tatars in Crimea, work continues on identifying and withdrawing the USSR of the NKVD of the Anti-Soviet Element, Solvd, etc. On the territory of the Crimea, the Bulgarians living at the present time - 12075, Greeks - 14300, Armenians - 9919 people.
The Bulgarian population lives mostly in the settlements between Simferopol and Feodosia, as well as in the district of Dzhankoi. There are up to 10 village councils with a population in each of 80 to 100 Bulgarians.
In the period of the German occupation, a significant part of the Bulgarian population actively participated in the events held by the Germans on the workshop of bread and food for the German army, contributed to the German military authorities in identifying and detention of the Military Army and Soviet partisans, received "security certificates" from the German command.
The Germans organized police squads from Bulgarians, and was also held among the Bulgarian population recruitment to send to work in Germany.
The Greek population lives in most areas of the Crimea. A significant part of the Greeks, especially in the seaside cities, with the arrival of the occupiers engaged in trade and small industries. The German authorities assisted the Greeks in trade, the transportation of goods, etc.
The Armenian population lives in most areas of the Crimea. There are no large settlements with the Armenian population. The Armenian Committee organized by the Germans actively collaborated with the Germans and conducted a large anti-Soviet work.
In the mountains. Simferopol existed the German reconnaissance organization "Drromadar", headed by the former Dashnak General Dro, who led the intelligence work against the Red Army and for this purpose, created several Armenian committees for spyware and disruptive work in the rear of the Red Army and to facilitate the organization of volunteer Armenian legions.
Armenian national committees with the active participation of arrivals from Berlin and Istanbul immigrants carried out work on promoting "independent Armenia."
There were so-called "Armenian religious communities", which, in addition to religious and political issues, were engaged in the organization among Armenians of trade and petty industry. These organizations provided the Germans assistance, especially "by collecting funds" to the military needs of Germany.
The so-called "Armenian Legion" was formed by Armenian organizations, which was made at the expense of the Armenian communities.
The NKVD considers it appropriate to evict from the territory of the Crimea of \u200b\u200ball Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians.
L.Beria

Summing up the eviction operations from the Crimea, Beria reported Stalin:

State Committee Defense
comrade Stalin I.V. eighteen
July 5, 1944

In pursuance of your indication of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR, in the period from April to July 1944, the territory of the Crimea was purified from the Anti-Soviet spyware, and the Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians and the Faces of Foreign Day were evicted into the eastern regions of the Soviet Union. As a result of measures, anti-Soviet elements 7.883 people were withdrawn, spyware - 998 people, special recorder was evicted - 225.009 people, seized illegally stored in the population of weapons 15.990 units, including 716 machine guns, ammunition - 5 million pieces.
In operations in Crimea, 23,000 fighters and officers of the NKVD troops and up to 9,000 people of the operational composition of the NKVD-NKGB bodies were participated.

L.Beria

According to generally accepted opinion, all the Crimean Tatars were evaluated, including those who honestly fought in the Red Army or in partisan detachments. In fact, it is not:

"The status of the" special settlement "was released and the participants of the Crimean underground, acting in the rear of the enemy, members of their families. So, the family of S.S. Seinov was liberated, which during the occupation of the Crimea was in Simferopol, consisted of December 1942 to March 1943 A member of the underground patriotic group, was then arrested by Nazis and shot. Family members were allowed to stay in Simferopol " 19 .

"... The Crimean Tatars-Frontoviki immediately appealed to free them from the special settlements of their relatives. Such appeals sent a deputy. Commander of the 2nd Aviation Squadron of the 1st Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Higher Officer School of Air Famba Captain E.O. Bulbash, Major armored The troops of H.Ch.Chrbash and many others ... Often, the requests of this character were satisfied, in particular, the family E.Chalbash was allowed to accommodate in the Kherson region " 20 .

They were freed from eviction and women who married Russians:

Report on the name of the People's Commissioner of the internal affairs of the USSR L.P.Baryia 21

When resettlement from the Crimea, there were cases of evictions of women by nationality of tatars, Armenians, Grechanoks and Bulgarians, the husbands of which are Russians by nationality and left for residence in the Crimea or are in the Red Army.
We consider it appropriate for women in the absence of compromising data from special settlements to free.
We ask your instructions.

V. Chernyshov
M.M. Kuznetsov

In conclusion, let's give another quote:

"The Black Sea Greek was evaluated, and the priazovsky were left. Armenian deported from the Crimea, but the Republic of Armenia was not eliminated by the same. Actually, anti-Kazakhstan, anti-Armenian, antigenian propaganda was not conducted, as fascists made their racial theory and their accomplices of ethnocrats. Stalinist regime proceeded from own ideas about the national security and geostrategic interests of the country " 22 .

We add that based on these ideas, the "Stalinist regime" managed to win the war with the strongest opponent, to defend the independence and territorial integrity of our country.
__________
Notes
1. Crimea multinational. Questions and answers. Vol. 1. / Sost. N.G.Stepanova. Simferopol: Tavria, 1988. p.72.
2. Ibid. P.66.
3. Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": Documents, Facts, Comments / Sost. N.F. Bugai. M.: Friendship of Peoples, 1992. p.131.
4. Archive of the Institute of Russian History RAS (IRIROR). F.2. Section.vi. OP.13. D.26. L.5. Cyt. By: Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: According to your instructions ... M.: "Airo-XX," 1995. P.148.
5. Iriran Archive. F.2. Section.vi. OP.13. D.31. L.6. Cyt. By: Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: according to your instructions ... pp. 145.
6. "Immerse yourself in the echelons and sent to the placements of settlements ...". L.Beria - I. Stalin. Compiler Bugai N.F. // History of the USSR. 1991, №1. P.160.
7. Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: According to your instructions ... p.146.
8. ibid. C.2.
9. Crimea multinational. Questions and answers. Vol. 1. p.80.
10. ibid.
11. Archive Irior. F.2. Section.2. OP.10. D.51b. L.3, 13. Cyt. By: Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: According to your instructions ... p.146.
12. National policy of Russia: history and modernity. M.: Russian world. 1997. p.318-320.
13. Deportation. Beria reports Stalin ... // Communist. 1991, №3. P.107.
14. Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": Documents, Facts, Comments. P.134-137.
15. Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: According to your instructions ... pp. 19-151.
16. Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": documents, facts, comments. P.138-139.
17. Garf. F.R-9401. OP.2. D.65. L.162-163. Cyt. By: Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": documents, facts, comments. P.140-142.
18. Garf. F.R.-9401. OP.2. D.65. L.271-272. Cyt. By: Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": documents, facts, comments. P.144.
19. Bugai N.F. L.Beria - I. Stalin: According to your instructions ... p.156.
20. Ibid. P.156-157.
21. Joseph Stalin - Lavrentia Beria: "They must be deported ...": Documents, Facts, Comments. P.145.
22. National policy of Russia: history and modernity. P.320.

So, friends - today there will be a post about fairly tragic events - is performed exactly 75 years from the day of the Stalin Genocide of the Crimean Tatars. On May 18, 1944, the Crimean Tatars were deported in commodity cars from the Crimea to the remote areas of the USSR - in particular, in the incomplete districts of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Deportation was carried out by the punitive bodies of the NKVD, and the order of deportation was signed personally.

"And But Stalin won the war!" - Assist in comments lovers of the USSR - "If Stalin did not send people to the concentration camps - then it would make Hitler!" - Immain neostalinists and conspiraists. However, the truth is that there can be no excuse for this genocide - as there is no justification and other crimes of Stalin - like deportation and.

So, in today's post, I will tell you about the deportation of the Crimean Tatars - what you can not forget today, so that it does not happen again under the screeching "We can repeat!" In general, be sure to go under the cat, write your opinion in the comments, and add to friends Do not forget)

Why did the deportation begun?

It was established in 1922, and in the same year Moscow recognized the Crimean Tatars with the indigenous population of the Crimea. In the interwar period, in the 1920s and 30s, Tatars amounted to almost a third of the Crimea's population - about 25-30%. In the thirties, after the arrival of Stalin, mass repressions against the Tatar population of Crimea began - the decking and eviction of the Tatars, repression, mass "cleaning" of the intelligentsia of 1937-38.

All this set up many Tatars against Soviet power - During the war, several thousand Tatars fought against the USSR with weapons in their hands - actually, I did the NEM's issue in the post with - how and why people fought against the USSR. In the postwar years, it was supposedly the "official reason" of the deportation of the Crimean Tatars - although on the same logic it was possible to deport all Russians from Russia - which only in the army of Vlasov (not counting other compounds) fought at least 120-140 thousand people.

In fact, the Tatars deported at all other reasons - the Crimean Tatars were historically strongly connected with Turkey and were Muslims - and Stalin decided to deport them for this reason - as they did not fit in his head in the picture of the "ideal USSR" and were "Extra People". In favor of this version, it is also said that together with the Tatars from the areas adjacent to Turkey, other Muslim ethnic groups - Chechens, Ingush, Karachayvtsev and Balkarians are evicted.

How exactly was the deportation?

NKVD soldiers broke into Tatar homes and declared people "enemies of the people" - allegedly, because of the "betrayal of the Motherland", they are evicted forever from the Crimea. According to official documents - each family could take with them up to 500 kilograms of baggage - however, people managed to pick up much less, and most often they went to the commercial wagons just in what were dressed - at home and left things were plundered by military and NKVD soldiers.

The trucks of people were overlooking railway stations - later by sending about 70 echelons to the east with tightly closed and closed nails by the doors of cargo cars overcrowded by people. Only during the very movement of people to the east, more than 8,000 people died - most often people died from typhoid or thirst. Many, not withstanding suffering, went crazy.

For the first two years, about half (up to 46%) of all deported people died - so failing to adapt to the harsh conditions of the land, where they were sent. Almost half of these 46% were children under the age of 16 - they were the most difficult. People died from a shortage of pure water, from bad hygiene - due to which malaria, dysentery, yellow fever and other diseases were distributed among deportes.

Soviet concentration camps and stared memory.

In all this, the tragedy is another very important point - which is silent Russian sources. The settlements themselves, where people sent - were not some kind of villages or cities. Most of all were like real concentration camps - These were fenced barbed wire of special settlements, around which blocking posts with armed guard.

Clausing Tatars were used on slave work in the form of almost free workforce - worked for food in collective farms, state farms and industrial enterprises - the most heavy and dirty work, such as manual cleaning of cotton treated or the construction of Farhadian hydroelectric hydroelectric power plants.

In 1948, Soviet Moscow stated that it would always be - Tatars were recognized as life-lifted prisoners and had no right to leave the territory of the special settlements. Another Soviet government was constantly focused on the hatred of the Crimean Tatar - the local stories told the terrible stories that the terrible "traitors of the Motherland, Cyclops and Cannibals were going to them - from which they need to be held away. According to eyewitnesses - many local Uzbeks were sophisticated by the Crimean Tatars, to find out - do not grow by those horns?

In 1957, all the publications were banned in the USSR in the USSR for this year, all publications in the Crimean Tatar were prohibited, and from the Big Soviet Encyclopedia about the Crimean Tatars - as if there were never.

Crimes without limitation. Instead of epiloga.

All the time that happened from the moment of deportation - the Crimean Tatars fought for their right to return to their homeland - constantly reminding the Soviet power that such people are, and not to delete the memory of it. Tatars held rallies and fought for their rights - and finally, in 1989, they achieved the restoration of their rights, and the Soviet Council of the USSR in November 1989 recognized the deportation of the Crimean Tatars illegal and criminal.

As for me, these crimes of Soviet power do not have the statute of limitations and do not differ from the Hitler's Holocaust - he also chose a "disadvantageous people" and tried to destroy him, and all the memory of him.

Well, the fact that the USSR himself recognized these actions with crimes. It's bad that now there has been a turn back - many of Russia are now looking at the Stalinist divids and smoke "Krymnash!" And "We can repeat" - apparently, these are descendants of those who once built a concentration camp for the Crimean Tatars and stood on the checkpoints with machine guns ...

Write in the comments that you think about this.

In chapter

On the eve of the anniversary of the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, the head of the Crimea Sergey Aksyunov distributed hundreds of keys from new apartments to descendants, as if once again compensating for the moral costs from incurred and suffering. But how much can you "pay and repeal", if in Soviet times the deportation of the country's deportation of the Country Tatars at least three times?

That is: Soviet Union three times compensated for their material costs deported by the Crimean Tatars, incurred by resettlement in the republic of Central Asia, as well as to Moscow (!), Samara, Guryev and Rybinsk. Only at the disposal of the Trest "Moskvugol", as follows from the telegram in the name of the People's Commissar of Lavrentia Beria dated May 20, 1944, 5 thousand "limits" of Crimean-Tatar nationality were sent. In the decision of the State Committee for Defense for No. 5859 of May 11, 1944, it was stipulated that immigrants at a new place are compensated for "on exchange receipts" Real estate, cattle, poultry and agricultural products are compensated from them in Crimea. All compensation paid until March 1, 1946. At the same time, at a new place of residence, each family of immigrants were provided with housing - an apartment in the city or a house in the countryside. In other words, deported issued money for the housing left in Crimea and immediately provided them with new homes and apartments. But it is not all. In 1989, the resolutions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, as well as joint ventures of Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the immigrants compensated for their material costs for the third time. Arriving in Uzbekistan, immigrants (in Tajikistan, the Crimean Tatars did not deporte, they went back later and exclusively in their own will) Agriculturalbank provided interest-free loans for the economic entry - 50 thousand rubles per family with installments under 7 years. Also, each migrant was allocated for free of charge for 8 kilo flour, 8 kilo vegetables and 2 kilos cereals. Recall: in the courtyard there was a summer of 1944, another wage was, and in many parts of the country was hungry.

The cruelty of the Crimean Tatars surprised even the SS

Until now, scientists argue how many Crimean Tatars have deported from the Crimea, although it seems that there is nothing to argue, it is enough to witness the archival documents. In the telegram sent by May 20, 1944, the People's Commissar of Lavrentia Beria his deputy Bogdan Kobulov, these figures are given: 191,044 people are evicted. By the way, in this document, other very curious numbers are also given. Today, they talk a lot about the repressions, which the Crimean Tatars were subjected in mass order, although it is unlikely to speak about the mass. For the entire "Crimean operation" of 1944, 5989 "Anti-Soviet elements of Crimean-Tatar nationality" was arrested. Is this much if you consider that only 20 thousand Crimean Tatars brought the oath for the first two months of the oath of the oath? At the same time, during the deportation, 10 mortars, 173 manual machine guns, 2650 rifles, 192 automak and more than 46 thousand units of ammunition were seized. In total, after the liberation of the Crimea, the Tatars seized 9888 rifles, 724 automaton, 622 machine guns and 49 mortars.

The Germans even published a special circular, which forbidden to serve to conduct interrogations to the Crimean Tatars.

"In January 1942, Hitler issued an order for the formation of the Crimean-Tatar parts of the SS under the leadership of Obergroupness, Oleldorf, recalled the head of the Crimean partisan movement writer Georgy Seversky. - Part of the volunteers - 10 thousand fighters - enrolled in the Wehrmacht, another 5 thousand accepted into the so-called reserve to replenish the formed combat units. In addition, the elders of the villages collected another 4 thousand people in the "Studies to combat partisans". For comparison: about 10 thousand Crimean Tatars were gone to the Red Army, but most of them were deserted from the 51st army during the retreat from the Crimea. " And the partisani in the Crimea is it 391, or 598 Crimean Tatars - justice should be noted that 12 of them were presented to the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Served the Crimean Tatars Hitler, which is called conscience. Known tragedy of the "Crimean Khatyn" - the Greek village of Lucky. On March 23, 1942, Crimean-Tatar punisors burned alive by several hundreds of residents of this village, mainly Greeks and Armenians, most of which were women, children and old men. "The partisans who managed to escape from captivity said that the Crimean Tatars, their guards were distinguished by unheard of cruelty, - recalled Seversky. "The Germans even published a special circular, who forbidden to conduct interrogations to the Crimean Tatars to serve in the SS, - they were so cruel and sophisticated torture." Meanwhile, the Mustafa Dzhemilev fled to Kiev insists: "There were never traitors among the Crimean Tatars! To repent not in what! ". Who can you believe?

Why Crimean Tatars moved to Tajikistan, and not in Crimea

It is believed that Mikhail Gorbachev Secretary Council was allowed to return to the Crimea Tatars - on November 14, 1989, the USSR Supreme Council adopted a declaration on the restoration of the rights of deported peoples. For this Gorbachev, authorized this mass repatriation, the Crimean Tatars are home. In fact, to return to repatriates allowed not a shotger "Perestroika" at all. Back in 1956, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the restoration of the National Autonomies of Chechens, Ingush, Kalmykov and Karachayvtsev - In fact, these peoples were thus rehabilitated. It was expected that the Crimean Tatars were raised at the same time, but then the Soviet leader of Nikita Khrushchev initially carried out the mention of them from the draft decree.

Two - Anastas Mikoyan and Leonid Brezhnev were closed behind the Crimean Tatars. And they eventually ruined the Secretary General. So at the end of April 1956, the decree "On the withdrawing restrictions on special settlement from the Crimean Tatars, Balkarians, Turks - citizens of the USSR, Kurds, Hamshailov and members of their families sent during the Great Patriotic War" came out. From that moment on, the Crimean Tatars did not have to settle anywhere in the territory of the USSR - including in the Crimea. But for some reason, immigrants rushed in Tajikistan, and not to their small homeland. The reason for this was the fact that the leadership of the republic was particularly faguided by the Crimean Tatars, providing migrants a lot of special possibilities. By the way, it is explained by the fact that today in Crimea more than a third of doctors are by the nationality of the Crimean Tatars. The fact is that in Soviet times between the Crimean-Tatar diaspora and the leadership of Tajikistan, there was a secret agreement that the quota of the Crimean Tatars in the Republican Medin Institute will be 90%, whereas in the Ukrainian Soviet Crimea, no one promised to the Crimean Tatars.

In general, the deported was clearly not going to the Crimea to the Crimea, and the USSR leadership decided to induce them. In August 1965, the large group of Crimean Tatars - mostly communists and war veterans - invited to the Kremlin. He accepted their chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of Anastas Mikoyan - formally the second after the Brezhnev's face in the state. "Why not return to the Crimea?" - Draft Soviet leader. "Let's return as soon as Moscow declares Crimean-Tatar national autonomy Crimea," the head of the delegation of Asanov answered Mikoyan. In general, I found a braid on a stone: to turn the peninsula to the national autonomy was ridiculous, given that the tenth parts of its inhabitants would not have taken from the Crimean Tatars. But the leaders of the Tatars rushed: there will be no autonomy - there will be no mass return to the Crimea. The result is known to everyone: the repatriation was postponed until the end of the 80s.

Sergey Markov, political scientist, member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation:
- We have already been recognized - at the highest state level - that the expulsion of the Crimean-Tatar people was cruel and unfair. The leadership of the country expressed their sympathy to all innocent victims of this expulsion. However, it should be recognized and the obvious fact that the reason for the expulsion was wagged. Crimean-Tatar divisions of the SS made monstrous atrocities. Olders killed and children and women. They were killed so cruel that the Germans complained about their atrocities in Berlin. Did the terms of deportation been more cruel than the actions of the Crimean-Tatar punishers?