The history of the creation of ABC Kirill and Methodius. Mystery of Slavic ABC

The day of the celebration of Slavic writing and culture is inextricably linked with Cyril and Methodius - in all Slavic countries it is celebrated on May 24th.

Cyril and Methodius, creating Slavic writing, translated from Greek to Slavic worship books, including the Apostolic Messages and Psalrty, selected readings from the Gospel, that is, contributed to the introduction and dissemination of Slavic worship.

Sputnik Georgia tells a brief biography of Saints Kirill and Methodius, enlighteners of Slavs and fighters for the Christian faith, and the history of the creation of Slavic writing.

short biography

Native brothers - Kirill and Methodius (in the world Konstantin and Mikhail) were born in a notable and believer family, in the Greek city of Soluni.

Having received an excellent education, Methodius - a senior of seven brothers, at first, choosing a military career, rules in one of the Slavic principalities of the subordinates of the Byzantine Empire, where he learned the Slavic language.

Reproduction icons "Saints Cyril and Methodius"

Ten years of service, Methodius at about 852th adopted monastic tonsure in one of the abode on Mount Olympus (Small Asia).

Konstantin - the youngest brothers, distinguished by exceptional philological abilities, pulled to the sciences. In Constantinople, he studied in the largest scientists of that time, including Fothia, the future Patriarch of Constantinople.

After completing training, he accepted San Ierhea - was appointed Guardian of the Patriarchal Library at the Church of St. Sophia and taught in the Higher Constantinople School philosophy.

Konstantin was wise not by year - he defeated the debates of the leader of the heretic iconoboretsev Ania.

Then he retired to Brother Methodius to the monastery, where he spent time in reading and prayer. There, for the first time he began to study the Slavic language, communicating with the Slavs in the monastery.

Orthodox complex "In the name of the Resurrection of Christ" (on the background) and a monument to the Holy Brothers Kirill and Methodius (in the foreground) in Khanty-Mansiysk

For the gospel sermon, the Byzantine Emperor sent Cyril and Methodius in the 857th to Khazar Kaganat. On the road, stopping in the city of Corsuni, the brothers found the wonderful way the relics of the martyr of the Clement, Pope of Roman.

Then, going to Khazara, Methodius and Kirill safely convinced the Khazar Prince and his approximate to adopt Christianity, as well as release 200 Greek prisoners.

History of Slavic writing

Slavic writing arose in the 9th century, it was then an alphabet was drawn up.

The history of Slavic writing is: Moravian Prince Rostislav sent ambassadors to the Emperor with a request to translate Christian liturgical books to Slavic language and send teachers to Moravia to preach the Slavs on their native language.

Sculptural image of the founders of the Slavic writing Cyril and Methodius on the monument "1000th anniversary of Russia"

The emperor instructed this mission to Kirillu and Methodius, confident that they will cope with her best. Slavic Azbuka Kirill compiled with the help of Brother Methodius and students of the Clement, Goraand, Nauma, Savva and Angelear.

The year of the birth of Slavic writing is considered to be the 863rd, when the first words were written in Slavic. Some chronicles argue that these were the words of the evangelist John: "Initially, Be (was) the Word, and the word Be to God, and God be the word."

After the completion of the transfer of the Gospel, the Psalter and the elected services to Slavic, Cyril and Methodius went to Moravia, where they began to teach worship in Slavic.

Two alphabets of Slavic writing - a verbolitz and Cyrillic, and both were used. The preserved Slavic manuscripts are made both in both the same alphabet.

But with the time of Cyrillic, which, by writing letters, much easier than the archaic verbs, displaced her from everybody.

The creation of Slavic writing was of great importance to the cultural and scientific development of the Slavic people. On the basis of Cyrillic, both Russian writing and writing of other Slavic peoples arose.

Saint Cyrill died in the 869th - he was 42 years old. Before death, he accepted Schima (the highest step of Orthodox monasticism). The relics of the saint put in the Church of the Holy Clement, where miracles began to be made from them.

Methodius, shortly thereafter, ordained in Rome in Archbishopsky San, continued his brother. He died in the 885th - Archbishop Methodius fled in three languages \u200b\u200b- Slavic, Greek and Latin, and buried in the Cathedral Church of the Belt.

Cyril and Methodius, for their activities, were counted in antiquity for their saints. The memory of the enlighteners of Slavs Russian Orthodox Church honored from the XI century. The most ancient services of the saints that have come down to this day belong to the XIII century.

The solemn celebration of the memory of Cyril and Methodius in the Russian Church was established in 1863.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources

Is it possible to imagine life without electricity? Of course, difficult! But it is known that before people read and wrote with candles and mud. And imagine life without writing. Some of you will now think about yourself, well, and what, it would be great: no need to write dictations and essays. But then there will be no libraries, books, posters, letters and even email and ESEMES. In the language, as in the mirror, the whole world is reflected, our whole life. And reading written or printed texts, we, as it were, sit down in the time car and can be transferred and in recent times, and in the distant past.

But the art of letters people do not always have. This art has developed for a long time for many millennia. Do you know who we should be grateful for our written word on which our favorite books are written? For our diploma, which we learn at school? For our great Russian literature with which you get acquainted and will still be studied in high school.

Lived in the light of Kirill and Methodius,

Two Byzantine monks and suddenly

(No, not a legend, not myth, not a parody),

Some of them thought: "Friend!

How many Slavs without Christ are unfastenless!

We must create for the Slavs alphabet ...

It is thanks to the works of the Saints Equal-Apostles Brothers Kirill and Methodius a Slavic ABC was created.

The brothers were born in the Byzantine city of Soluni in the commander's family. Methodius was the eldest son, and by choosing the route of the military, went to serve in one of the Slavic regions. His brother - Kirill, was born for 7-10 years later, Methodius, and as a child, having fallen in love with science, hit teachers with brilliant abilities. At the age of 14, the parents sent him to Constantinople, where he studied grammar and geometry, arithmetic, astronomy and medicine, antique art, well mashed Slavic, Greek, Jewish, Latin and Arabic languages. Refusing a high administrative position proposed by him, Kirill took a modest place of the librarian in the Patriarchal Library and at the same time he taught philosophy at the university, for which he received a nickname "philosopher". His elder brother Methodius went on military service. 10 years was the ruler of one of the areas inhabited by the Slavs. Being an honest and straightforward person, intolerable to injustice, he left the military service and retired to the monastery.

In 863, ambassadors from Moravia arrived in Constantinople to ask to send preachers to their country and tell the population about Christianity. The emperor decided to send Kirill and Methodius to Moravia. Kirill, before you go to the road asked if the ABC was Morava for their own language - "For the enlightement of the people without writing his language, like attempts to write on the water," explained Cyril. What got a negative answer. Alphabets at Morav did not turn out, then the brothers began work. At their disposal were no years, and months. They worked from early morning, barely seeded, and until late evening, when there were already ripples in the eyes of fatigue. In a short time, the alphabet for Moravians was created. She was named after one of her creators - Cyril - Cyrillic.

With the help of Slavic Azbuchi Cyril and Methodius, very quickly translated the basic services with Greek to Slavic. The first book written in Cyrillic became "Ostromiro Gospel", the first words written with the help of Slavic Azbuchi was the phrase - "In the beginning there was a word and the Word was God, and the word was God." And now, for more than a thousand years, Church Slavonic language is used in the Russian Orthodox Church during worship.

The Slavic alphabet existed in Russia consistently more than seven centuries. His creators tried to have every letter of the first Russian alphabet to be simple and a clear, easy for writing. They remembered that the letters should be beautiful so that a person, barely saw them, immediately wanted to master the letter.

Each letter had its name - "Az" - A; "Buki" - b; "Ardients" - in; "Verb" - r; "Good" -d.

That's from here and the winged phrases "Az Yes Buki - that's all sciences", "" Who knows "Az" yes "Buki" of that books in the hands. " In addition, the letters could be denoted and numbers. There were 43 letters in Cyrillic.

Cyrillic existed in Russian unchanged to Peter I, who removed obsolete letters without which it was quite possible to do - "Yus Big", "YUS Small", "Omega", "UK". In 1918, more than 5 letters were gone from the Russian alphabet - "Yat", "Fita", "Izhitsa", "EP", "Yer". For a thousand years, many letters disappeared from our alphabet, and only two - "y" and "ё" appeared. They came up with Russian writer and historian Karamzin in the XVII century. And now, 33 letters left in modern alphabet.

And what do you think from where the word "alphabet" came from - by the name of the first letters of the alphabet, "Az" and "Buki"; There was a few more alphabet names in Russia - ABEVEGA and "Letup".

And why is the alphabet called the alphabet? Interesting the history of this word. Alphabet. It was born in ancient Greece and consists of the names of the two first letters of the Greek alphabet: "Alpha" and "Beta". The carriers of Western languages \u200b\u200bare called: "Alphabet". And we pronounce as an "alphabet".

Slavs were very happy: other nations of Europe (Germans, francs, britt) did not have their own writing. The Slavs now had his own alphabet, and everyone could learn to read the book! "It was a wonderful moment! .. Deaf began to hear, and the silence began to say, because until that time the Slavs were as deaf and dumb" - recorded in the chronicles of those times.

Not only children, but also adults became learning. They wrote with sharp chopsticks on wooden planks covered with wax. Children loved their teachers Kirill and Methodius. Little Slavs gladly went to classes, because it was such an interesting journey on the roads of truth!

With the advent of Slavic alphabet, writing culture began to develop quickly. In Bulgaria, Serbia, books appeared in Russia. And how they were issued! The first letter - the letter - started every new chapter. The letter is unusually beautiful: in the form of a beautiful bird or a flower, it painted bright, more often with red flowers. Therefore, there is today the term "red string". Slavic handwritten book could be created for six to seven years and was very expensive. In the precious salary, with illustrations, it is a real monument of art today.

Long ago, when the story of the Great Russian Power was just beginning, "she" cost expensive. Her one could exchange horses or a herd of cows on herd, on sable fur coats. And the point here is not in the decorations, in which the beauty and the clever dressed up. And she only went in expensive embossed leather, in pearls and precious stones! Golden and silver fasteners decorated her outfit! Admiring her, people said: "Light, you are ours!" We worked on its creation for a long time, but her fate could have to work very sad. During the invasion of enemies, she was captured along with people. She could perish in a fire or when flooding. She really treated: she inspired hope, he returned the strength of the Spirit. What kind of queen is this. Yes, guys, it is Her Majesty - a book. She retained the Word of God and legends of distant years before us. The first books were handwritten. For the rewriting of one book, months left, and sometimes years. Book centers in Russia have always been monasteries. There, in the post and prayer, hardworking monks rewrite and decorated books. A collection of books in 500-1000 manuscripts was considered to be greater.

Life goes, and in the middle of the XVI century, a typography appeared in Russia. The printed yard in Moscow appeared under Ivan Grozny. Leaded by Ivan Fedorov, whom they call the first bookprint. Being a deacon and serving in the temple, he tried to embody his dream - the sacred books without scribe to rewrite. And in 1563, he began a set of first page of the first printed book - "Apostle". In total, he published 12 books for his life, among them was the full Slavic Bible.

Slavic alphabet is amazing and still considered one of the most convenient letters. And the names of Kirill and Methodius, "Slovenian primordants", became a symbol of a spiritual feat. And every person who studies Russian should know and keep in his memory the holy names of the first Slavic enlighteners - Brothers Kirill and Methodius.

On the broad Russia - our Mother

The bell ringing is bottled.

Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius

For the works are glorified.

"Hours is light, and unacceptable - darkness," says in the Russian proverb. Cyril and Methodius, brothers from Soluni, - Slovenian enlighteners, creators of Slavic ABC, preachers of Christianity. They are called holy teachers. Enlighteners - those who bearing light and highlight them all. Without an alphabet, there is no writing, but without it there is no book that enlightens people, and therefore drives life forward. Monuments of great enlighteners around the world remind us of the spiritual feat of Cyril and Methodius, who gave the world to the Slavic alphabet.

In memory of the great feat of Cyril and Methodius on May 24, the day of Slavic writing is celebrated around the world. In the year of the Millennium, from the date of the creation of Slavic letters in Russia, the Holy Synod adopted a resolution in which the "year old, starting from this 1863, in 11 (24) Day of May church celebration of Rev. Kirill and Methodius". Until 1917 in Russia celebrated the church holiday the day of the Saints Equal-Apostles Brothers Kirill and Methodius. With the arrival of Soviet power, this great holiday was forgotten. In 1986, he was revived. This holiday began to call the day of Slavic writing and culture.

Quiz

1. Who created the Slavic alphabet? (Cyril and Methodius)

2. What year is considered the year of the emergence of Slavic letters and books? (863)

3. Why is Cyril and Methodius call "Solong Brothers"? (Place of birth of enlightener brothers city Solun in Macedonia)

4.Who was the elder brother: Cyril or Methodius? (Methodius)

5. What was the name of the first book written by Cyrillic? (Ostromirovo Gospel ")

6.Who from the brothers was a librarian, and who is warrior? (Kirill - Librarian, Methodius - military leader,)

7. How did you call Kirill for mind and adjacent? (Philosopher)

8. In whose reign Slavic ABC was changed - simplified. (Peter 1)

9. How many letters in Cyrillic were to Peter the first? (43 letters)

10. How many letters have become in a modern alphabet? (33 letters)

11.Who was the first product in Russia? (Ivan Fedorov)

12. How was the first printed book called? ("Apostle")

13. What words were the first to be written in Slavic? (Initially, there was a word, and the word had God and the word was God)

Cyril (had a nickname philosopher) 827 - 869 G. and Methodius 815 - 885 G. - Christian preachers, originally from Byzantium, created by the Old Slavonic ABC and Church-Slavic language.

Already after death, both were canonized and since then revered as saints. West was deserved by Cyril and Methodius Slavic writing.

Biography of enlighteners

Biography Kirill and Methodius - the creators of Slavic ABC, begins with their birth in the city of Soluni (Byzantium). Their father named Lev was military, had the title of an officer, and the mother was called Maria. In total, there were 7 boys in the family, while Methodius was the oldest, and Kirill (the first famous founder of Slavic writing) is the youngest.

Presumably that the Father by nationality was Greek, and the mother is Slavic. This information is not confirmed, so scientists still argue about what nationality owned Kirill and Methodius.

Parents took care of the good formation of their children. So, the eldest son initially went in the footsteps of the Father, choosing a military career for himself. But later, I was touched into the monks. Junior Cyrill chose a spiritual scientist. It is possible that one case influenced such a decision: the young man was on the hunt and lost the hawk.

It made it the impression that, on his return, he painted on the wall in his room the cross and since then began to study religions. From early childhood, he was distinguished by excellent memory and good mental abilities.

Creating writing

In Moravia, the enlightener Kirill, with the support of his brother, was the alphabet, and also translated from Greek to Bulgarian liturgical books. In this case, their students helped brothers:

Holy Ohridsky;
Clement Ohridsky;
Konstantin Preslavsky;
Lavrenty and some others.

Creation of Slavic Azbuchi Cyril and Methodius refers to 863 by Alexandria. Scientists still argue about the authors of which alphabet (verbs or Cyrillic) were brothers.

In Moravia, the brothers continued their activities to promote Slavic language. This mission lasted for more than 3 years. And during this period, the Bulgaria's baptism was prepared (864).

Death of brothers

In 867, the brothers went to Rome. There Kirill fell ill and died on February 14, 869. He lived a brief life (42 years old), but at the same time made a great thing.

In 870, Methodius surrounded by students headed to Pannonia, from where he went to Moravia.

There, spiritual activity proceeded quite difficult due to the change of power. After 3 years, Methodius came to the monastery of Reichenau, since the current government did not share his views about the Slavic language.

In 874, he was released, but in 879 a new process was organized against him. But, despite this, Methodius was justified in Rome and received permission to commit worship services in Slavic.

In 881, Methodius was invited to Constantinople. There he continued his activity and after 3 years returned to Moravia again, where he also translated from Greek church books. In 885, he was seriously ill.

Singing an ambulance ending, he asked him to take him to the temple, where she made a worship in the Palm Resurrection on April 4. He finished his earthly path on the same day. He was sent in three languages: Latin, Greek and Slavic. A few days before death, he appointed his successor one of the students - Horazda Ohridsky.

West saints

In Russian Orthodoxy, equivalent to Cyril is honored on February 27 (February 14 - according to the old style), and Methodius 19 (April 6). In Catholicism, the Day of Saints is considered to be February 14. In the whole history, many portraits, icons and monuments of these saints were created. Art films were removed about the brothers:

Konstantin Philosopher (1983);
Solong Brothers (1989);
Cyril and Methodius - Apostles Slavyan (2013).

Kirill and Methodius were never married, both accepted monasticism and dedicated their lives to worship, and also created the Slavic ABC. The memory of them has been preserved to the present day. The church was taken to be honored with high awards - they were equated to the saints.

At the end of 862, the Prince of Great Moravia (State of Western Slavs) Rostislav appealed to the Byzantine Emperor Mikhail to send preachers to Moravia, who could spread Christianity in Slavic language (sermons in those regions were read in Latin, unfamiliar and incomprehensible people).

863 is considered the year of birth of Slavic alphabet.

The creators of Slavic ABC were the Kirill and Methodius brothers.

Emperor Mikhail sent to Moravia Greeks - a scientist Konstantin Philosopher (the name Kirill Konstantin received when making monastics in 869, and with these name he entered the story) and his older brother Methodius.

The choice was not random. Konstantin and Methodius brothers were born in Soluni (Greek Saloniki) in the commander's family, got a good education. Kirill studied in Constantinople at the courtyard of the Byzantine Emperor Mikhail III, well knew Greek, Slavic, Latin, Jewish, Arabic languages, taught philosophy, for which he received a philosopher's nickname. Methodius was in military service, then several years managed one of the areas inhabited by the Slavs; Subsequently retired to the monastery.

In 860, the brothers had already traveling to Khazaras with missionary and diplomatic goals.

In order to be able to preach Christianity in the Slavic language, it was necessary to make the transfer of Holy Scripture to the Slavic language; However, the alphabets capable of transferring Slavic speech at that time did not exist.

For the creation of Slavic ABC and began Constantine. In his work he was helped by Methodius, also well-known Slavic language, as there lived a lot of Slavs in Soluni (the city was considered semigenic, half-temper). In 863, the Slavic Alphabet was created (the Slavic Azbuk existed in two versions: the verbolitsa - from the verb - "speech" and Cyrillic; so far, scientists have no consensus, which of these two options was created by Cyril). With the help of Methodius, a translation of a number of liturgical books from Greek to Slavic was made. Slavs got the opportunity to read and write in their own language. The Slavs appeared not only his, Slavic, alphabet, but also the first Slavic literary language was born, many words of which still live in Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages.

After the death of the brothers, their activities were continued by their disciples, expelled from Moravia in 886,

in South Slavic countries. (In the West, the Slavic alphabet and Slavic grades did not resist; Western Slavs are Poles, Czechs ... - still enjoy Latin). Slavic grades firmly established in Bulgaria, from where it extended to the countries of the South and Eastern Slavs (IX century). On Russia, writing came in the 10th century (988 anniversary of Russia).

The creation of a Slavic alphabet had and is still of great importance for the development of Slavic writing, Slavic peoples, Slavic culture.

The Bulgarian Church set the day of memory of Kirill and Methodius - May 11 in the old style (on May 24 in a new style). In Bulgaria, the Order of Cyril and Methodius is also established.

On May 24, in many Slavic countries, including in Russia, is the holiday of Slavic writing and culture.

Not all people know what is famous on May 24, but it is even impossible to imagine that it would be with us if this day in 863 turned out to be completely different and the creators of writing abandoned their works.

Who created Slavic writing in the 9th century? These were Cyril and Methodius, but this event happened just on May 24, 863, which led to the celebration of one of the most important events in the history of mankind. Now Slavic peoples could use their own writing, and not borrow the languages \u200b\u200bof other peoples.

Creators of Slavic writing - Cyril and Methodius?

The history of the development of Slavic writing is not so "transparent", as it may seem at first glance, there are various opinions about its creators. There is an interesting fact that Kirill, even before it began to work on creating the Slavic Azbuchi, was in Chersonese (today it is Crimea), from where he was able to take the scriptures of the Gospel or Psalrty, who already at that time were written by exactly the letters of the Slavic alphabet. This fact makes you think: who was created by Slavic writing, Cyril and Methodius really wrote an alphabet or took a job?

However, besides the fact that Kirill brought a ready-made alphabet from Chersonesos, there are other evidence that the creators of Slavic writing were other people, and lived long before Cyril and Methodius.

Arabic sources of historical events say that 23 years before Kirill and Methodius have created the Slavic alphabet, namely, in the 40s of the IX century, there were baptized people who had books written in their hands on the Slavic language. There is also another serious fact, proving that the creation of Slavic writing occurred even earlier than the declared date. The essence lies in the fact that Dad Leo IV had a diploma issued to 863, which consisted of the letters of the Slavic alphabet, and on the throne, this figure was in the interval from 847 to 855 of the IX century.

Another, but also an important fact of evidence of more ancient origin of Slavic writing is to approve Catherine II, which during his board wrote that the Slavs are more ancient people than it is considered, and writing themselves since the times preceding Christmas to Christ.

Evidence of antiquity in other peoples

The creation of Slavic writing to 863 may also prove other facts that are present in the documents of other peoples who lived in ancient times and using other varieties of writing in their time. There are quite a few such sources, and they are found at the Persian historian named Ibn Fodlin, with El Maudi, as well as a few later creators in sufficiently well-known works, which states that Slavic writing has been formed before the Slavs have books appeared.

The historian who lived on the border of the IX and X century, argued that the Slavic people are more ancient and more developed than the Romans, and in proof, he brought some monuments that allow the antiquity of the origin of the Slavic people and their writing.

And the last fact that can seriously affect the course of people's thoughts in finding an answer to the question about who created Slavic writing is coins with various letters of the Russian alphabet dated earlier dates than 863 years old and those in the territories of such European countries like England, Scandinavia, Denmark and others.

Discover the ancient origin of Slavic writing

The estimated creators of Slavic writing a little "missed" with one: they did not leave any books and documents written on this however, for many scientists, it is enough that Slavic writing is present on various stones, rocks, weapons and household subjects, which were used by the ancient residents in their Everyday life.

Many scientists worked on the study of historical achievements in the writing of Slavs, however, the Senior Researcher on the Surname Grinevich was able to reach almost the very source, and his work made it possible to decrypt any text written in the Vine School of Language.

Work Grinevich in the study of Slavic writing

In order to understand the writing of the ancient Slavs, Grinevich had to do a great job, during which he discovered that it was not based on letters, but had a more complex system that worked at the expense of syllables. The scientist himself absolutely believed that the formation of Slavic ABC began 7,000 years ago.

The signs of the Slavic alphabet had a different basis, and after the grouping of all the characters Grinenevich allocated four categories: linear, separation symbols, picturesque and restrictive signs.

For the study, Grinevich used about 150 different inscriptions, which were present on all sorts of subjects, and all its achievements were based on deciphering these characters.

Grinevich, during the research, found out that the history of Slavic writing more thanks, and the ancient Slavs used 74 characters. However, for the alphabet of such a number of signs, too much, and if we talk about the whole words, then there can be only 74 in the language. These reflections have led the researcher to think that in the alphabet of Slavs used syllables instead of letters.

Example: "Horse" - syllable "Lo"

His approach made it possible to decipher the inscriptions over which many scientists were fought and could not understand what they mean. And it turned out that everything is quite simple:

The pot that was found near Ryazan had an inscription - the instruction, where it was said that it would be necessary to put it in the oven and close it.
Georgia, which was found near the Trinity city, had a simple inscription: "Weigh 2 oz."

All of the above evidence is fully refuted by the fact that the creators of Slavic writing - Cyril and Methodius, and prove the antiquity of our tongue.

Slavic runes in creating Slavic writing

The one who created Slavic writing was a rather smart and a bold man, because such an idea could take the Creator at the time due to the uneducation of all other people. But other options for informing people - Slavic runes were also invented, and other options for informing people are invented.

In total, 18 runes found in the world, which are present on a large number of various products from ceramics, stone statues and other artifacts. In the example, ceramic products from the village of Lepolovka, located in Southern Volyn, as well as a clay vessel in the village of Troopsovo can be brought. In addition to the evidence located in Russia, there are monuments that are located in Poland and were discovered in 1771. They are also present Slavic runes. We should not forget the temple of the Redegasta, located in retree, where the walls are decorated with Slavic symbols. The last place that scientists learned from Titmar Merzeburgian is a fortress-temple and is located on the island called Rügen. There are a large number of idols, the names of which are written using the runes of Slavic origin.

Slavic writing. Cyril and Methodius as creators

Creating writing is attributed to Cyril and Methodius, and the historical data of the corresponding period of their lives are described in confirmation, which is described in a detail. They affect the meaning of their activities, as well as the causes of working on the creation of new characters.

Kirill and Methodius to the creation of the alphabet brought the conclusion that other languages \u200b\u200bcannot fully reflect the Slavic speech. This stiffness is proved by the works of the Herbra's black street, in which it was noted that before the adoption of the Slavic alphabet, the baptism was carried out either in Greek or in Latin, and already in those days it became clear that they could not reflect all the sounds that our speech was filled .

Political influence on Slavic ABC

Politics began its influence on society from the very beginning of the origin of countries and religions, and she also put her hand to both other aspects of people's lives.

As described above, the baptism of the Slavs was carried out either in Greek or in Latin, which allowed other churches to influence the minds and strengthen the slohany's thought about their dominant role.

Those countries where liturgies were not conducted in Greek, but in Latin, they gained strengthening the influence of German priests on the faith of people, and for the Byzantine Church, this was unacceptable, and she made a response step, having commissioned Kirill and Methodius creating writing on which will be recorded Service and sacred texts.

The Byzantine Church correctly argued at that moment, and her ideas were such that the one who created Slavic writing on the basis of Greek alphabet will help weaken the influence of the German church on all Slavic countries at the same time, and at the same time will help bring together the people with Byzantia. These actions can also be considered as dictated by corondy.

Who created Slavic writing based on Greek alphabet? Created Cyril and Methodius, and for this work they were chosen by the Byzantine Church not by chance. Kirill grew up in the city of Soluni, who, though he was Greek, but about half of his inhabitants were freely spoken in Slavic, and Kirill himself knew himself in him, and also had excellent memory.

Byzantium and its role

As for when work began on creating Slavic writing, quite serious disputes are being conducted, because on May 24 - this is the official date, but in history there is a large gap in time that creates a discrepancy.

After Byzantium gave this difficult task, Kirill and Methodius began the development of Slavic writing and in 864 came to Moravia with the already ready Slavic alphabet and the fully translated Gospel, where they scored students for school.

After receiving the task from the Byzantine Church, Kirill and Methodius are sent to Morrow. During its path, they are engaged in writing the alphabet and the transfer of the texts of the Gospel to the Slavic language, and upon arrival in their hands are ready-made work. However, the road to Moravia takes not so much time. Perhaps this time interval and allows you to create an alphabet, but translating the letter of the Gospel for such a short time is simply impossible, which indicates the advance work on the Slavic language and translation of texts.

Cyril's disease and its care

After three years of work in his own school of Slavic writing, Kirill refuses this case and leaves for Rome. Such a turn of events was caused by the disease. Kirill left all for the sake of calm death in Rome. Methodius, being alone, continues to deal with its goal and does not retreat backwards, although now it has become more difficult, because the Catholic Church began to understand the scale of the work done and not delighted with it. The Roman Church imposes prohibitions for transfers to Slavic language and openly demonstrates its discontent, but Methodius now has followers who help and continue his business.

Cyrillic and verbs - What did the beginning of modern writing?

There are no confirmed facts that can prove which of the writings originated earlier, and there are no accurate information about who created Slavic and to which of the two possible attached his hand Kirill. Only one thing is known, but the most important thing is - it was Cyrillic that has become the foundation of today's Russian alphabet today and only thanks to her we can write as we write now.

Cyrillic has 43 letters in its composition, and the fact that its creator is Cyril, proves the presence of 24 and the remaining 19 Cyrillic Creator on the basis of Greek ABC included exclusively to reflect complex sounds that were present only among the peoples who used Slavic to communicate.

Over time, the Cyrillic alphabet was transformed, almost constantly influenced it to simplify and improve. However, there were moments that first made a letter, for example, the letter "E", which is an analogue "E", the letter "th" - analogue "and". Such letters initially complicated the spelling, but reflected the corresponding sounds.

The verbs, in fact, was an analogue of Cyrillic and used 40 letters, and 39 of them were taken from Cyrillic. The main difference of the verbs is that it has a more rounded style of writing and she is not inherent in an angularity, unlike Cyrillic.

The disappeared alphabet (verbolitz), although it did not fit, but was intensively used by the Slavs living in southern and western latitudes, and, depending on the location of the inhabitants, she had its own letters styles. Slavs, living in Bulgaria, used a verbs for a letter with a more rounded style, and Croatian treasured to an angular letter.

Despite the number of hypotheses and even on the absurdity of some of them, each worthy of attention is, and it is impossible to answer exactly who the creators of Slavic writing. Answers will be blurry, with a variety of flaws and flaws. And although there are many facts that refute the creation of writing Cyril and Methodius, they are awarded honors for their works that allowed the alphabet to spread and transform until today.