Declension of adjectives in the dative case. Change adjective case names

The case of an adjective is more difficult to determine than the case of a noun.

To do this, it is worth determining the case of a noun that is directly related to the adjective, for example, turbulent river -nominal case.

You can quickly deal with the cases of adjectives with the help of such a table, where the questions of each case with examples are indicated.

the case of the adjective is the same as the case of the noun about the sign which is said, for example: fresh fruit is masculine in both the noun and the adjective,

interesting movie - there’s a middle gender, good weather - a female gender

Defining cases in adjectives is easy. To do this, it will be enough just to make a phrase with any noun, after which it is already possible to determine the case of this very noun. For example, a large table (what?), A noun in the nominative case:

If it’s hard right away, then attach the adjective to the noun. Then it will be much easier to bow. For instance:

Blue sky

About the blue sky.

The case of the adjective is determined by the case of the pronoun or noun, the sign of which it denotes and with which it is consistent. For example, About the blue seaquot ;. Here is the noun sea stands in the prepositional case. Hence, the adjective blue also in the prepositional case.

It’s not so difficult to learn cases of adjectives if there are nouns with these adjectives. And if there are no such nouns, then you need to substitute them hypothetically.

The adjective, as you know, denotes a certain attribute of the subject (the subject - this is the noun of which we spoke above). The cases of the noun and the adjective overwhelmingly coincide. For example: blue sky (Dative), about a good boy (Prepositional), paper documentation (Correct), spring thoughts (Nominative or accusative).

When we learn to see or represent these phrases, then determining the case of the adjective will be as simple as a noun. At the end, which indicates case. Or on a question that can be asked to this adjective.

The adjective name is such a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and is consistent in gender, number and case with a noun on which it depends.

Thus, to determine the case of the adjective, it is sufficient to determine the case of the noun.

Example: I see a beautiful (V.P.) girl (V.P.). To begin with, we determine the case of the noun: I see (whom?) A girl. The noun is used in the form of the accusative case, respectively, the adjective also stands in V. case.

Most often in sentences and phrases adjectives refer to nouns. And what case these nouns will have, so will the adjectives.

For instance:

Blue sky. Exist. has a nominative. case (what?). So the adjective also stands in this case.
Sad at times (what?). Instrumental.
Rejoice at the yellow sun (what?). Dative.
He brought the good news (who, what?). Accusative.
I came to thank my best friend (who for what?). Genitive.
Sorry about the money spent (what?) Prepositional.

If there is no noun, then you have to come up with its meaning.

For instance:

slightly interesting. We substitute the word story and determine his case (who is what?). Nominative.

To determine the case of an adjective, you need to pay attention to the noun to which this adjective refers - what case of this noun, such will be in the adjective.

Example: with a steel needle (answers the question what? Quot ;, which means it is a instrumental case for both a noun and an adjective).

Tables with adjective endings are, of course, good, but will you memorize it by heart? You need to learn how to navigate yourself in such a topic as cases.

Let's look at an example:

I want to say goodbye to old thingsquot ;.

We have an adjective - oldquot ;, it describes the sign of the noun thingsquot ;. The adjective is always closely connected with the noun, in what form the last is used, the first will be in this form, in particular, they will have the same case.

That is, you just need to understand in which case our noun is used. By the way things you can pick up the case question what? quot ;, which means that it refers to the instrumental case. And the adjective is also used in the instrumental case and has an ending with -ms.

The adjective means the attribute of the subject, answering the question: which? Which? Which? The adjective is inclined in the singular.

The male genus has an ending, oh, oh. For example: a man (what?) Is handsome, loving, cool. For example: what skirt? turquoise, burgundy.

Hello dear friends!

I visited a girl yesterday and was struck by the fact that her room was very dark. But the street was a wonderful sunny day. But the light did not pass well through the long-unwashed window. The girl felt ashamed, and the next day she washed the window, and then wrote about it and sent me this poem:

What a clean window!

I look at the world through the glass.

Now from a clean window

Our whole street is visible.

Now i'm to a clean window

Sister little sister let you down.

We will see through a clean window

It’s already light in the yard.

I admire a clean window

we live clean now.

I told you about him:

About my very clean window.

What good fellow she is. But here, what I noticed: in this poem the word "window" is used several times. And, in my opinion, it is used in different cases . Let's check it out.

In the first sentence, the word window answers the question “what?” And is subject, so it’s worth in the nominative case.

Second sentence. The street is visible from what? Out of the window. Genitive.

In the third sentence, we ask a question from the word "let you down." I will bring to what? To the window. Dative.

I admire what? By the window. Instrumental case.

Talked about what? About the window. Prepositional.

Yes, indeed, in this poem the word "window" is in order in all cases. But the window is always next to the word adjective "Clean". And look, it is changing too.

Window which one? Clean. Out of the window which one? Cleaner. To the window which one? Clean. Out the window which one? Clean. By the window which one? Clean. About the window which one? Clean.

It turns out that when the nouns change according to their cases, the questions that are posed to the adjective names, and, of course, these adjectives themselves change with them?

Yes this is true. Adjectives, like nouns, change in cases, that is, are declined.

Let's now decline the phrase "mischievous wind." To do this, we will use the words-helpers that we met while studying the topic “Cases of nouns”.

it what? wind. Wind which one? mischievous.

Not why? the wind. Wind which one? naughty.

To give to what? the wind. The wind which one? naughty.

I see what? wind. Wind which one? mischievous.

Proud of than? by the wind. By the wind which one? mischievous.

I think about what? about the wind. About the wind which one? naughty.

And now also decline the phrase "dark cloud".

In our table, we declined collocations with nouns maleand female kind of. Let's add the phrase “clean window” to it, which was used in the poem in all cases. It has a noun middle kind of.

Take a look! When changing the names of adjectives for cases, in them, as well as in the questions posed to these adjectives, endings change .

My friends, I want to draw your attention to the endings of adjectives masculine and neuter in the genitive singular. In the phrase “mischievous wind” and “clean window” it ending of.

And also in masculine and neuter adjectives, in the genitive , may be ending it.

As, for example, in the words "blue," spring "and others.

You hear, in their endings there is no sound [g]. We write the letter G, and pronounce the sound [in]. Mischievous [wah], pure [wah], blue [wah], spring [wah].

As you know, adjectives change by case . And how to determine the case of an adjective? For nouns, we determine the case using questions. But it is impossible to do with adjective names. Look how much are the samex questions in differentcases!

So what to do ?! how to determine the case of the adjective?

Do not despair, dear friends. Remember, we talked about the adjective in all respects is consistent with the noun on which it depends - and in the genus, and in number, and in the case.

Here is a sentence before you: "A new birdhouse hangs on a tall tree." This sentence speaks of a birdhouse. What? Birdhouse. This is subject. What does a birdhouse do? Hanging. This is a predicate. The subject “birdhouse” stands in the nominative case. What birdhouse? New. Because adjective "new" connected with a noun "Birdhouse", then it also stands in the nominative case.

What is a birdhouse hanging on? On the tree. This is a prepositional case. What tree? High. The adjective "high" is associated with the word "on a tree", which means that it is also in the prepositional case.

Everything is simple! The case of the adjective is determined by the case of the noun with which it is associated in meaning . And not only case, but, of course, both gender and number. Since the noun "tree" of the middle gender and in the sentence is in the singular, the adjective "high" here is also in the middle gender and the singular.

The masculine birdhouse noun is singular. And the adjective "new" here is masculine and stands in the singular.

By the way, adjectives that are in the nominative case, masculine, singular are considered initial form from which are formed rest forms of these adjectives.

Well, that’s the end of our lesson today. What do you need to remember?

* Adjectives, like nouns, vary by case, that is, lean .

* The case, gender and number of the adjective name are determined by case, gender and number of the noun with which it is associated in meaning.

* The initial form of the adjective name Is a form of the nominative case of the masculine singular.

* And also, do not forget, please, that adjectives in the genitive singular masculine and neuter gender answer the question “ which one?". Moreover, they may have endings th or -his. And we write the letter G, and pronounce the sound [in].

Mischievous wind, a clean window, a blue pencil, spring morning.

Remember this, my friends. And I say goodbye to you. See you soon!

Change in singular adjective names

16. Read the table “Change in cases of adjectives in the singular” (see above). What adjectives do the same?

17. Read. Decline, using the table, any of the given adjectives with the noun.

Vegetable soup, night sky, earthly bark.

18. Read. Define the case of nouns.

They sewed from ... fabrics, stopped near ... a building, sailed through ... the sky, drove up to ... the gatehouse, watched ... a performance, flew into ... a window, decorated themselves ... with hoarfrost, grew under. ..birch, swam in the ... sea, read about ... a bear.

Words for information: tall, silk, blue, forest, open, interesting, young, warm, silver, drill.

Choose an adjective from the words for reference that matches the meaning of each noun. Write down the phrases.
Indicate the case of nouns and adjectives, highlight their endings.

19. Read the memo on how to determine the case of an adjective, and a pattern of reasoning.

Reasoning the pattern: adjective big refers to the word village. Village - a noun of the middle gender ( village), stands in the instrumental case ( sprouts (above what?) over the village), in the singular. Hence, the name adjective big also stands in the middle gender, in the instrumental case, in the singular ( over the village (what?) big).

20. Read.

In the north wild standing alone
On the naked pine top
And dozes, swinging, and snow loose
Dressed like a robe, she.
(M. Lermontov)

Prepare to explain how to determine the case of selected adjective names.
Write down the poem. Indicate which part of the speech each word in the first two lines refers to.

21. Read.

Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov is a wonderful master of portraiture. His painting “Mika Morozov” is one of the best children's portraits in world art. Take a look at the picture.

The kid stood up a little in the chair. I saw something and froze. Curly, curly. Black-eyed. Raised thin eyebrows. He opened his puffy pink lips. What hit the little boy early in the morning? Not yet tidied, in a white nightgown, he is ready at least now to jump in and sort out what is happening. Handles clung to the handrails of the chair. A moment of surprise.

The artist managed to spy and reflect this moment in the picture.

(. Dolgopolov)

Identify the topic and main idea of \u200b\u200bthe text. Explain the meaning of expressions master of portraiture, world art.
Find adjectives in the text. Tell me for what purpose they are used in the 1st and 2nd parts of the text.
Read the boy’s description. What do you think of the boy in this description?

22. Consider the reproduction of Mika Morozov's painting by Valentin Alexandrovich Serov in the Picture Gallery of the textbook.

Isn't it true that the artist told us a whole story about a boy? Does the description of the boy from ex. 21 with your impression of the picture? What are your impressions of the portrait? And what could surprise the boy? Express your assumptions.
Compose and write an essay on the theme "What I remember the picture of V. A. Serov" Mika Morozov "." Begin your essay in the first two sentences of the text. 21.

Adjectives of all categories have inconsistent attributes of the genus (singular), number and case, in which they are consistent with the noun. Adjectives are also consistent with the noun in animation, if the noun is in the form of V. plural, and for the masculine - and the singular (cf .: I see beautiful shoes and see beautiful girls) - see the animation of the noun.

Changing the adjective by gender, number and case is called the declension of adjectives.

Qualitative and relative adjectives tend equally. This type of declination is called adjective.

In the singular, their endings vary depending on the kind and quality of the consonant completing the base.

In the plural, the endings of adjectives, as well as the endings of nouns, are unified:

I. p.: New, blue

R. p.: New's, syn

D. p.: New, syn

V. p.: \u003d I. n. / R. n. depending on the animation of the noun

T. p.: New, syn

P.p .: new's, syn

Possessive adjectives tend differently: in some cases they have endings characteristic of adjective declension, in others endings characteristic of substantive declension. This type of declination is called mixed. Moreover, adjectives with the suffix -ii- and adjectives with the suffixes -in- or -ov- tend not to be exactly the same.

The declension of possessive adjectives with the suffix -ii-:

As we can see, these adjectives have endings characteristic of substantive declension in I. p. And V. p. (Cf .: fox-Ø tail-Ø), in the remaining cases they have endings of adjective declension. For why in the form of foxes the ending is zero, and not the -th, see the section on morphemes.

Possessive adjectives with the suffixes -in- (mom-in) and -ov- (fathers) also have substantive endings in I. p. And V. p.; moreover, in R. n. and D. n. the singular of the male and middle gender, they have variative endings (though adjective endings are used more often than substantive ones):

Qualitative adjectives standing in short form (expressions on bare feet, in broad daylight are phraseological and do not reflect the current state of the language), as well as qualitative adjectives standing in a simple comparative and constructed on its basis compound superlative (above, above all) .

In the Russian language there are non-declining adjectives that indicate:

1) colors: beige, khaki, marengo, electrician;

2) nationalities and languages: Khanty, Mansi, Urdu;

3) clothing styles: pleated, pleated, flared, mini.

Immutable adjectives are also the words (weight) gross, net, (hour) rush.

Their grammatical features are their immutability, adjoining to the noun, location after, and not to the noun. The immutability of these adjectives is their constant attribute.

What you need to find objects (phenomena) that are characterized by found adjectives. In this case, the words "dawn" and "city".

Identify the cases found. Remember that the nominative case answers the questions “who?” (“What?”), The questions “who?” (“What?”), The dative - the questions “who?” (“What?”), The accusative - to questions of “whom?” (“what?”), instructive to questions of “by whom?” (“what?”), prepositional - to questions of “about whom?” (“what?”). So, the "dawn", and the noun "city" instrumental case.

note

The nominative and accusative cases are easy to confuse, since inanimate nouns in these cases answer one question. In order to distinguish between them, one must remember that the noun in the nominative case is always a subject in the sentence, and the noun in the accusative case is a secondary member of the sentence. For example, "Lazy cat had a sweet dream." The subject is the word cat. Therefore, the phrase "lazy cat" nominative case, and the phrase "sweet dream" accusative case.

Sources:

how to correctly determine the case of nouns

A noun is a part of speech that denotes a person or object and answers the questions “who?” And “what?”. Nouns vary by cases, which are six in Russian. So that the cases are not confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. In order to be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, it is necessary to know its questions, and what it is used for.

Instruction manual

To never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions specific to it, asking which, you will receive the appropriate one. Accusative questions are the question “see whom?” For animate and “see what?” For inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or rather, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case means the transfer of temporal and spatial relationships (week, walk a kilometer); the transition of the action completely to the subject (drive a car, leaf through a book). Very rarely, the accusative case is dependent on (offensively for a friend).

However, even by the rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine the case, so always use special questions. In its questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if it’s in front of you and it answers the question “who?”, Which coincides with, substitute it and ask a question to it. If the word answers the question “see what?”, Then you have an accusative case.

Remember also that there are some that look the same in all cases: metro, cinema, coat, cafe, etc. To determine their case, ask a keyword question. For example, in the sentence “Yesterday I bought an expensive coat”, the word “coat” appears in the accusative case, because the question “see what?” Can be answered with “beautiful coat”. In addition, replace the word “coat” here with a variable, for example, “decoration”. Then belonging to the accusative case immediately becomes more obvious.

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Useful advice

When determining the case of any noun, always apply all the rules and methods that you know, then it will be much easier for you to make sure that the word belongs to one or another case.

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases can coincide, therefore, to determine the case it is necessary to ask the correct question to the word being checked.

Instruction manual

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it is included. Find the word that the noun you are testing refers to - that’s why the words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase “I love dogs” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs”. The word "dogs" in this sentence obeys the word "love." Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case they answer the question “who?” Or “what?”. To this case, you can substitute the auxiliary word "is". For example, there is (who?). The question of the genitive is “whom?” Or “what?”. To the noun in this case, you can substitute the auxiliary word "no." Dative to the question "to whom? / What?" And combined with the auxiliary word "give." The question of the accusative case is “whom?” Or “what?”, And its auxiliary word is “blame”. Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom? / What?” And are combined with the words “created” and “satisfied”. Finally, with the following questions: “about whom? / About what?”, “In whom? / What?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word "I think."

To determine the case, first you need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will learn the case of the adjective, as it always agrees in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear”, the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, therefore the case of the adjective “big” relating to it is also accusative.

The nominative case is the initial vocabulary form of nouns, opposed to all other forms of indirect cases: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. The word in the nominative case is never used with a preposition and in the sentence usually performs the syntactic function of the subject or nominal part of the compound predicate.

Instruction manual

For the nominative caseand the main ones are subjective and definitive meanings. In the first case, this form denotes the person performing the action, or the object to which it is directed. Compare: “Mother loves her son.” The word "mother" refers to an activist. "Son is loved by mother." The word "son" refers to the subject on which the action is directed.

Define the subjective meaning of the nominative form caseand according to the syntactic role of the subject in the two-part sentence (“The son is a student, but at the same time works”) or the subject in the monosyllabic callative (“Whisper, breath, nightingale trills ...”).

The definitive meaning of the nominative form casebut in a compound nominal predicate or in the syntactic structure of the application. "The new is the factory." The word "factory" is the nominal part of the predicate that answers the question "new building?". "A female doctor invited me to the office." The word “doctor” that answers the question “who?” Is an application that performs the syntactic function of a definition. Note that the nominative caseused in the definitive meaning, gives a different name to the subject by property, quality, attribute, and the values \u200b\u200bare not peculiar to it.

Additional nominative values caseand the noun are: - the estimated value expressed in the nominal part of the predicate ("He was kind"); - the expression of a temporary attribute related to the past ("At that time there was still her husband's bridegroom"); - the value of the informatively complementary form used both with a proper name (“She was called Olya”), and a household word (“He is listed as a watchman”). Most often nominative case used in this meaning with geographical names ("Then it began to be called Petrograd").

note

In addition to nouns, the declining parts of speech have the category of case: adjective, numeral, participle and pronoun. Define the nominative case of adjectives and participles on the questions "what?" which one? which one? which ones? ”, given from the definable noun’s name,“ how many? ”- for quantitative numerals,“ which account? ”- for ordinal numbers. The pronouns depending on the category can answer in the nominative case to the questions “who?” what? "(me, that)," what? whose? ”(some, his),“ how much? ”(so much).