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How else can you characterize the composer, whom P.I. Tchaikovsky called it a genius, and his work, the opera Carmen, is a real masterpiece, saturated with genuine feeling and real inspiration. Georges Bizet is an outstanding French composer who worked in the era of romanticism. All of it creative way was thorny, and life - a continuous line of obstacles. However, despite all the difficulties and thanks to his extraordinary talent, the great Frenchman presented the world with a unique work that became one of the most popular in its genre and made the composer famous for all time.

Brief biography of Georges Bizet and many interesting facts read about the composer on our page.

Bizet's short biography

On October 25, 1838, on the rue Tour d'Auvergne in Paris, in the family of the singing teacher Adolphe-Aman Bizet and his wife Aimé, a boy was born, who was named after three great emperors by his loving parents: Alexander Cesar Leopold. the French name Georges, which remained with him forever.

From the very first days of his life, the child listened to a lot of music - these were tender lullabies of mothers, as well as educational vocalizations of his father's students. When the baby was four years old, Ema began to teach him musical notation, and at the age of five, she sat her son at the piano. Bizet's biography says that at the age of six, Georges was assigned to a school where an inquisitive child was very addicted to reading, and, according to his mother, it distracted the boy from music lessons, for which the boy had to sit for hours.

The phenomenal musical ability that Georges possessed and his diligent studies bore fruit. After the audition, which caused surprise delight among the professors of the Paris Conservatory, the nine-year-old child was enrolled as a volunteer in the prestigious educational institution in the class of the famous A. Marmontel. With a lively character, a curious and emotional student who grasped everything on the fly, the professor liked him very much, working with him gave the teacher great pleasure. But the ten-year-old boy did not only succeed in playing the piano. In the competition for solfeggio having demonstrated phenomenal ear for music and memory, he won the first prize and was honored to receive free additional lessons on the instrument and composition from the outstanding P. Zimmermann.

Georges' conservatory training as a performer was drawing to a close, and the path of a concert musician was opening up for him, although this prospect did not interest the young man at all. Since P. Zimmerman began to study composition with him, the young man had a new dream: to compose music for the theater. Therefore, after completing the piano course with A. Mormontel, Georges immediately entered the composition class of F. Halevy, under whose guidance he wrote a lot and with enthusiasm, trying himself in various musical genres. In addition, Bizet enthusiastically studied organ under Professor F. Benois, where he achieved significant results, first winning the second and then the first prize of the Conservatory in instrument performance.

In 1856, at the persuasive insistence of F. Golev, Georges took part in the competition of the Academy of Fine Arts. The first, the so-called Rome Prize, gave the young talent two years of internship in Italian and a year in german capitals... At the end of this practice, the young author was given the right to premiere a one-act theatrical piece of music in one of the theaters in France. Unfortunately, this attempt was not entirely successful: this time no one was awarded the first prize. But the young composer was lucky in another creative competition, which was announced by Jacques Offenbach. For his theater, located on Boulevard Montmartre, for advertising purposes, he announced a competition for the creation of a small comedy musical performance with a limited number of performers. The winner was promised golden medal and a bonus of one thousand two hundred francs. "Doctor Miracle" was the name of the operetta presented by the eighteen-year-old composer to the distinguished jury. Commission decision: the prize is divided between two contestants, one of whom was Georges Bizet.

This victory not only introduced the French public to the name of the young composer, but also opened the doors for him to the famous Offenbach Fridays, where only a select few were invited creative personalities, and where he was honored to be represented by G. Rossini himself. Meanwhile, the next annual competition of the Academy of Arts for the Rome Prize was approaching, for which Georges was intensively preparing, composing the cantata "Clovis and Clotilde". This time it was a triumph - he won the first prize in musical composition and, together with the other five laureates, went to the Eternal City on December 21, 1857 to improve his skills.

Italy

In Italy, Georges traveled around the country, admiring the beautiful nature and works visual arts, I read a lot, met interesting people. And he loved Rome so much that he tried in every possible way to stay here, for which he even wrote a letter to the Minister of Education of France with a request to allow him to spend the third year not in Germany, but in Italy, to which he received a positive response. It was a period of a difficult stage in the human and creative formation of the young composer, which Georges later called the happiest and most carefree in his life. For Bizet, these were wonderful years of creative pursuits and first love. However, the young man still had to leave Rome two months earlier than the set deadline, as he received a letter from Paris with the news of the illness of his beloved mother. For this reason, at the end of September 1860, Bizet returned to Paris.

Homecoming

The hometown of the young man did not welcome. Georges' carefree youth was over, and he now had to think about how to earn money for his daily bread. Gray days began, which were filled with boring routine work for him. Bizet moonlighted with private lessons, and also, at the request of the owner of the famous Paris publishing house A. Shudan, was engaged in arranging orchestral scores of works by famous composers for piano and composing entertaining music. Friends advised Georges to engage in performing activities, because even while studying at the conservatory, he was known as a virtuoso musician. However, the young man understood that a career as a pianist could bring him quick success, but at the same time it would prevent him from fulfilling his lifelong dream of becoming an opera composer.

Bizet had many problems: he had to pass the ode-symphony "Vasca da Gama" - another second report to the Academy of Arts, and, in addition, he, as a Roman laureate, had to write a funny one-act opera for the Opera-Comique theater. The libretto was provided to him, but funny melodies for "Guzla Emir", as the performance was called, were not born at all. And how could they appear when the most beloved person and best friend was in a difficult condition. On September 8, 1861, Georges's mother died. One irreparable loss followed another. Six months later, not just a teacher, but Bizet's mentor and support, Fromental Halevy, passed away. Suppressed by the loss of loved ones, Georges, in order to somehow distract himself, tried even more to go to work, but as a result he got nervous strain and a breakdown.

Throughout 1863 Bizet worked on a new opera “ Pearl seekers”, And in 1864 he helped his father in the construction of housing on a forest plot, acquired by Adolf-Aman in Vezin. Now Georges has the opportunity to spend every summer in nature. Here, with great enthusiasm, he composed "Ivan the Terrible", and in 1866 "Perth Beauty". In 1867, Bizet was offered a job as a music columnist for a Paris magazine. He published an article under the pseudonym Gaston de Betsy, which was received truly well, but, unfortunately, it was the first and the last.

At the same time, significant changes take place in Georges' personal life: he passionately falls in love with the daughter of his late teacher F. Halevy. Genevieve's mother and closest relatives were against such an alliance, considering the composer an unworthy party for a girl, but Bizet was rather persistent, and as a result, the young married on June 3, 1869. Georges was unusually happy, he protected his young wife in every possible way, who was twelve years younger than him, and tried to please her in everything.

Dangerous times

In the summer of the following year, the Bizet couple went to Barbizon for four months, a place very popular with people of art. The composer intends to work here fruitfully on "Clarissa Garlow", "Calendale", "Griselda", but because of the Franco-Prussian war that began in July, Georges's plans did not come true. The government announced a widespread call to the National Guard. Bizet did not bypass this fate, he even passed military training, but how the Roman scholarship received an exemption from military service and left for Barbizon to take his wife and return to Paris, where on September 4 the republic was again proclaimed. The situation in the capital became complicated due to the siege of the Prussians: famine began in the city. Relatives offered Georges to move to Bordeaux for a while, but he stayed and, as best he could, helped the defenders of Paris, patrolling in the city and on the rampart.

Bizet and Genevieve left the city only after the capitulation announced in January 1871 and the lifting of the blockade. First, they visited relatives in Bordeaux, then moved to Compiegne, and waited for the end of the troubled times of the Paris Commune in Wiesen. Returning to the capital in early June, Bizet immediately began work on his new work, the opera Jamile, which premiered on May 22, 1872. And two and a half weeks later a joyful event took place in the composer's life - Genevieve gave him a son. Inspired by such happiness, Georges went deeper into his work and gladly accepted the offer to saturate Daudet's drama "Arlesienne" with good music. The premiere of the production, unfortunately, failed, but less than a month later Bizet's composition for the drama, which he transformed into a suite, performed at one of the concerts, was an overwhelming success. Soon Georges was again disappointed: at the end of October 1873, the composer was informed that the building of the Grand Opera, where the premiere of his opera "Sid" was to take place soon, had burned down and all the performances were transferred to the Ventadour Hall, which was not adapted for such a production. However, three months later, the name of Bizet was again on everyone's lips: the first and then subsequent performances of his dramatic overture "Fatherland" were a great triumph.

The last work of the composer

The composer spent the entire 1874 working on a piece recommended by his friends. From the very beginning, Bizet was embarrassed by many things: how an opera with a tragic ending can be staged on the stage of the Opera-Comique, and this is how P. Merimee's short story Carmen ended. Some even suggested changing the ending, because the author of the work has been dead for more than three years. But the worst thing: how the audience will perceive the performance on stage by people from the lower class. Despite everything, the composer enthusiastically set about creating a work that would later become a masterpiece for all time. As soon as the long-awaited premiere was scheduled for March 3, 1875, rumors of an impending theater scandal spread throughout the city. The first act was received warmly enough, but after the second act, some of the audience left the hall. When the third act ended, Bizet, in response to pitiful congratulations, publicly announced that it was a failure. The next day, the Parisian newspapers announced “ Carmen"Scandalous" and "immoral", they wrote that Bizet had sunk very low, to the most social bottom.

The second performance took place a day later - on March 5, and was already greeted by the public not just warmly, but warmly, but the newspapers continued to discuss the failure of the premiere for a whole week. In that theatrical season "Carmen" was staged in Paris thirty-seven times, and after all, not every performance withstood so many performances. Because of the failure of the premiere, Bizet suffered greatly, but to this was added moral torment caused by a quarrel with his wife, as well as physical torment due to chronic tonsillitis and rheumatism. At the end of May 1875, Georges left Paris with all his family and went to Bougival in the hope that it would be easier for him in nature. However, the composer did not get better, the constant attacks finally tormented him and on June 3 the doctor stated the death of Georges Bizet.

Interesting facts about Georges Bizet

• The composer's father, Adolph Aman Bizet, before he met Anna Leopoldina Aimé, née Delsart, Georges's mother, had the profession of a hairdresser, but before the wedding he changed his occupation, retraining as a singing teacher, thereby becoming a "man of art", as demanded by the bride's family ...
• The boy Georges lived according to a strict schedule: in the morning he was taken to the conservatory, then after classes he was brought home, fed and locked in the room where he studied until he fell asleep right behind the instrument from fatigue.
• Baby Bizet was so fond of reading from childhood that his parents had to hide books from him. At the age of nine, the boy dreamed of becoming a writer, considering it much more interesting than sitting at the piano all day.

• From the biography of Bizet, we learn that, despite his giftedness, the young prodigy very often quarreled with his parents because of music lessons, he cried and was angry with them, but from childhood he realized that his abilities and mother's persistence would give results that would help to him in later life.
• Awarded a Rome scholarship, Georges Bizet not only traveled a lot, but also met different people. Frequently attending receptions at the French embassy, \u200b\u200bhe met there with interesting person - Ambassador of Russia Dmitry Nikolaevich Kiselev. A strong friendship developed between the twenty-year-old boy and the nearly sixty-year-old dignitary.
• Georges Bizet's uncle, François Delsarte, was once a famous singing teacher in Paris, but he gained great fame as the inventor of a kind of system of "staging the aesthetics of the human body", which later found its followers. Some art historians believe that F. Delsarte is a person who largely predetermined the development of art in the 20th century. Even K.S. Stanislavsky recommended using his system for the initial training of actors.
• Bizet's contemporaries spoke of him as a sociable, cheerful and kind person. Always working hard and selflessly, he nevertheless loved to have fun with friends, being the author of all sorts of mischievous undertakings and funny jokes.

• While still studying at the conservatory, Georges Bizet became known as a skilled pianist. Once in the presence Franz Liszt he performed so masterly technically complex work composer, which delighted the author: after all, the young musician easily played puzzling passages at the right pace.
• In 1874, Georges Bizet was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor by the French government for his significant contribution to the development of musical art.
• After the first failed premiere, A. Daudet's drama "Arlesienne" returned to the stage only ten years later. The play has already enjoyed an undoubted success with the audience, although contemporaries note the fact that the audience went to the performance more in order to listen to the music that adorned it by J. Bizet.
• The opera "Ivan the Terrible" by J. Bizet was never staged during the composer's lifetime. Contemporaries even said that the composer burned the score in offense, but the work was nevertheless discovered, but only at the end of the thirties of the last century in the archives of the conservatory and was staged for the first time in a concert version in occupation Paris in 1943 at the theater on Boulevard des Capucines. The organizers of the play tried to make sure that there was not a single German among the audience, since an opera written on a Russian plot could cause great irritation in them, especially since the turning point in World War II had already taken place against Germany. J. Bizet's opera Ivan the Terrible was never staged in Russia, as many historical facts in it are highly distorted.

• Immediately after the death of J. Bizet, all of the composer's manuscripts listed in the will were transferred to the library of the Paris Conservatory. However, many of his papers and manuscripts were discovered by the executor of Emile Strauss (the second husband of the widow of J. Bizet), Mr. R. Sybil, who, having determined the value of these documents, also immediately sent them to the Conservatory archives. Therefore, descendants became acquainted with many of the composer's works only in the 20th century.
• Georges Bizet had two sons. Elder Jean emerged from an accidental relationship with the Bizet family's maid, Maria Reuters. The second son - Jacques was born in marriage with Genevieve, nee Golev.

The work of Georges Bizet

Georges Bizet's creative life cannot be called successful. He was very often frustrated by unfair criticism of his works. Nevertheless, Bizet is a great composer who devoted his entire life to music and left to posterity a diverse legacy, including operas, operettas, odes-symphonies, oratorio, works for choir with orchestra and a cappella, vocal cycles and works for piano , as well as works for a symphony orchestra, including overtures, symphonies, suites.

According to Bizet's biography, at the age of four, Georges first sat down at the piano, at the age of thirteen he tried himself as a music writer, and a year later, having entered the composition class of the Conservatory, he was in an intense creative search. Gradually, he developed skill, although at first there was absolutely no individual creative handwriting. Over the years of study at the Conservatory, Bizet created many different works, but they still felt the influence V.A. Mozart and early L.V. Beethovenand also his older friend Charles Gounod. Among the works of Bizet of the conservatory period, it is necessary to note compositions for chorus and orchestra: "Waltz" and "Choir of Students", a piece for piano "Grand Concert Waltz", operetta "Doctor Miracle", cantata "Clovis and Clotilde", as well as Symphony No. 1 C -dur ("Youth"), which is still successfully performed at world concert venues.

The next important period in the composer's life was the years spent on an internship in Italy. It was a time of constant creative searches, as a result of which Bizet came to the conclusion that his main musical interest was precisely in the theater. Here he writes his first opera "Don Procopio", which, breaking the rules, is sent for a creative report to the Academy of Fine Arts, although it was necessary to compose and send a Mass. A little later, Bizet will still write a work on a religious plot, but not for a report, but for a competition. But his Te Deum did not make an impression on the jury, and the composer himself later noted that he was not inclined to write sacred music. Also in this Italian period, an ode came out from the pen of the young composer - the Vasco da Gama symphony, which served as a creative report to the Academy, and several pieces for orchestra, which later became part of the Memories of Rome symphonic suite.

After returning home, Bizet, commissioned by the Parisian Opera-Comique, began work on the musical comedy performance Guzla Emir, but the premiere of the opera did not take place, despite the fact that the theater was already rehearsing. The composer was not satisfied with his creation, considered it vulnerable and doomed to failure. He took the score and immediately set about creating a new piece, which Bizet assumed would open up brilliant prospects for him. The final version of the opera was named “ Pearl seekers". In the same period, the young composer sent his third final report to the Academy of Fine Arts, consisting of the Overture, the Scherzo and the Funeral March. The premiere of "The Searchers" took place at the end of September 1863 and was quite well received by the public, and finally received a laudatory review in an article written G. Berlioz, although attacks from critics who accused Bizet of imitating Wagner, it was enough.

Then the composer was working on an opera based on a plot from Russian history, but, unfortunately, the staging of Ivan the Terrible did not take place during the composer's lifetime. Then Georges worked on the execution of small orders from his publisher Shudan and the Belgian choral society: he wrote a cycle of romances, as well as the acapella choir "St. John of Patmos". Bizet devoted all of 1966 to the composition of The Perth Beauty, the first showing of which took place at the end of December of the following year. This time the success was simply overwhelming, not only the audience was delighted with the new opera, but also critics later spoke well of the music of the performance.

In 1868 Georges worked on the opera "The Cup of the King of Fuller" according to the announced competition of the state theaters. To our great regret, the score of this work disappeared, only small fragments remained, which later became known as romances: "Abandoned", "Gascon", "Love, Dream", "Night", "Siren", "Can't Forget" and duets: "Dreaming", "Nymphs of the Forests". During this period, Bizet really pays a lot of attention to vocal creativity. His romances, intended not only for the salon, but also for home music-making, were real theatrical miniatures. Several noteworthy piano works of the composer belong to the same period, including the cycle “Songs of the Rhine”, “Large chromatic variations for piano” and “Fantastic Hunt”. Then there was work on the "Little Orchestral Suite", the cycle for two pianos "Children's Games", the symphony "Rome" and, undoubtedly, on the works in the composer's favorite opera genre: "Griselda", "Clarissa Garlow", "Calendale" and "Jamila ". The premiere of the latter, despite the shouts of the audience "bravo", in the opinion of Bizet himself was unequivocally a failure. However, the press reviews of the work were very interesting and even passionate. Someone considered the opera not emotional and devoid of color, but someone called it a bold experiment that brought great success to the composer. Unfortunately, only the works written by Bizet at the end of his life, including the music for A. Daudet's drama "Arlesienne" and the opera " Carmen”, Brought him not only recognition, but also truly world fame.

Personal life

Bizet was a very shy young man and did not find his appearance attractive to women. When communicating with the weaker sex, he was always so worried that his face turned red, his hands were sweating, and his tongue twisted during conversation. Georges met his first love in Italy, her name was Giuseppa. She was a funny and flirtatious pretty girl, about whom the composer was crazy and made plans for a happy life together, inviting her to come to France. Unfortunately, this relationship did not continue, since Bizet had to urgently return to his homeland due to his mother's illness.

Georges' next passion was a 42-year-old woman experienced in love, who spent her youth and youth in brothels, a circus, a theater, and also a variety show. She was fourteen years older than Bizet. In decent society, they did not mention her, but in Paris she was known by such names as the beautiful Mogador, Madame Lionel, Countess de Chabrillant, the writer Celeste Vinard. Mogador conquered the young composer with her recklessness and incredible female magnetism. This woman's passion for Georges was not long. Wounded Bizet suffered immensely from her mood swings. Once, during an angry fit, Mogador poured cold water on him and threw him out into the street. As a result of this incident, Georges fell seriously ill with a sore throat, in addition, the result of the final break with the scandalous Madame was a state of deep depression, from which Bizet was helped out by an intensified creative work, as well as acquaintance with a young charming girl - the daughter of his teacher - Genevieve Halévy.

The composer was so fascinated by the seventeen-year-old girl, her tenderness and purity, that, despite the objections of relatives on both sides, he set a goal to marry Genevieve. The wedding took place two years later on June 3, 1869, and three years later the Bizet family was replenished with a son, who was given the name Jacques. Georges loved his wife very much, but despite this, the composer's family life and personal happiness began to collapse like a house of cards. The reasons for this were Genevieve's inability to forgive her husband's frequent creative failures, and, in addition, her unhealthy imagination was taken by the successful pianist Elie-Miriam Delabord, with whom she did not hide her connection from anyone. All these disappointments in life became the reason for the imminent death of Georges Bizet, the secret of which still cannot be solved by any biographer of the composer.

Music by Georges Bizet in cinema

The music of Georges Bizet is very popular at the present time, directors around the world very often use it in the soundtracks of their films. Undoubtedly all records have been broken by excerptsfrom the opera Carmen such as the overture, Habanera, the march and aria of Toreodor, as well as fragments from the suite Arlesienne and the famous aria from the opera The Pearl Seekers - Je crois entende. It is impossible to list all the films where this wonderful music sounds, but here are some of them:

Film	Composition
Henry's Book, 2017	"Habanera"
"Guys with Guns", 2016
"Reservoir dogs", 2016
Cyber \u200b\u200bTerror, 2015
"This Morning in New York", 2014
"A very dangerous thing", 2013
"Book of Life", 2014	Overture to the opera "Carmen"
"Dancing without rules", 1992
Mirage, 2015	"Arlesian"
"Labyrinth of Dreams", 1987	Aria Toreodora
Happy Ending, 2012	"March of the Toreodor"
"The Man Who Cried", 2014
"Fight", 2010	aria from the opera "Pearl Seekers" - "Je crois entende"
"Assassination of a School President", 2008
"Match point", 2005

Being a phenomenally gifted person, Georges Bizet created such magnificent works that today admire hundreds of millions of people around the globe. It took many years for the name Bizet to take the place it rightfully deserves among the other great composers. His untimely death in the prime of his creativity is an irreparable and very significant loss for the entire world musical culture.

Video: watching a film about Georges Bizet

Georges Bizet. Pages of life and creativity

Georges Bizet (1838-1875)

Georges Bizet was born in 1838 in Paris. His father, a singing teacher, discovered that his nine-year-old son had amazing musical abilities and sent him to the Paris Conservatory, where he studied piano with Marmontel, organ with Benoit, harmony with Zimmermann and composition with Halévy.

During his studies at the Conservatory, Bizet took part in nine competitions and won first place in all of them.

In 1857, after graduating from the conservatory, he received the Rome Prize and went to Italy to improve his skills there. It was there in Italy, in addition to music, that another passion for Bizet appears.

Plump and short-sighted, with curls that curled so tightly that they were difficult to comb, Bizet did not consider himself attractive to women. He always spoke quickly, a little inconsistently, and was sure that women did not like this manner of explanation. His hands were constantly sweating, which he was also terribly embarrassed of and blushed all the time.

Georges met the funny and flirtatious Giuseppa in Italy and, of course, began to call her to Paris. The young man was intoxicated with happiness and kept repeating: “I am not rich, but making money is so easy. Two successful comic operas and we will live like kings. " The letter about his mother's illness took him by surprise. He left with Giuseppa's promise to come as soon as his mother got better.

Father grieved in one room, Georges in another. Money was needed to fight disease and poverty. If Georges could now write a brilliant work that would bring him a lot of money, but it takes time, but it doesn't.

While abroad, Bizet composed a two-act Italian opera Don Procopio, two parts of a symphony, an overture and a one-act comic opera Guzla Zmira.

In 1863 he returned to Paris, where his opera Pearl Seekers was soon staged on the stage of the Lyric Tea-pa, which was unsuccessful.

Bizet's next opera "The Perth Beauty" also did not gain recognition from the public.

Self-criticism, a sober awareness of the shortcomings of the "Perth Beauty" became the guarantee of Bizet's future achievements: “This is a spectacular play, but the characters are not well outlined ... The school of hackneyed routines and lies is dead - dead forever! We will bury her without regret, without excitement - and go ahead! "

But, despite the setbacks, it was during this period that Bizet met his love.

Passing the house of his teacher and he was seized with a desire to go where he felt good and calm. Here he met with the matured daughter of a teacher.

Their romance was not impetuous. Finally, Georges proposed. It seemed that the sun finally peeped into his hard, long-suffering life. Genevieve took over household chores, and reduced expenses, surrounded Bizet with tenderness and care, the composer was able to work again.
The family idyll was short-lived. Soon, the wife was tired of her husband's constant absences and his eternal employment.

The lesson that day was canceled, the student fell ill, and Bizet came home early. His only desire was to sit down and start writing, because he had an order - the comic opera Jamila. Voices were heard in the dining room. His wife laughed, a male baritone echoed her ...

Failures with operas were compensated by the popularity that Bizet's symphonic music won among the audience, including the music for A. Daudet's drama Arlesienne and the Motherland overture, the Rome symphony and the Children's Games suite.

In 1871 the comic opera Jamile was completed, a year later he wrote The Arlesiennes, both of which were staged and performed with great success. It was a gift from fate. But his wife gave him an even greater gift, having given birth to a son, Jean. But Bizet needed to work even harder. A serious opera was conceived - "Carmen".

The prototype of the main character should be Mogador with her passion. Music whichcame out from under the pen, did not let Bizet sleep. And finally, the premiere. The Paris Opera is full. Bizet, standing backstage, was cold with fear. Carmen could not be another failure ...

The first act ended. Cold reception, liquid claps. The performance was very mediocre. Nobody appreciated the music. Genevieve broke down and left the hall. Bizet was crushed. He rushed into the cold water of the Seine and the next morning fell with a fever. Deafness came, hands and feet went numb. Then a heart attack occurred. The composer was regaining consciousness, then delirious.

Georges Bizet died at the age of 37, not having lived less than four months before the enchanting success of Carmen at the Vienna Opera.

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