A family with history. People's writer Ivan Naumenko and his amazing wife Yadviga

Ivan Naumenko had a driver's license, but he always gave up the seat behind the wheel to his wife. She was also engaged in the construction of a summer house. And she never complained, because she saw: her husband worked at his desk every day.

Today, his eldest daughter, Valeria Ivanovna, lives with her husband in Ivan Naumenko’s apartment. Despite the fact that 10 years have passed since his father’s death, nothing has changed in his office. A desk littered with manuscripts, books that last days remained the passion of Ivan Yakovlevich, souvenirs brought from foreign trips, and photographs that captured moments of such a difficult and fleeting life.

Among the descendants of the people's writer of Belarus Ivan Naumenko there are no those who would follow in his footsteps. But all three children have an excellent command of words, and each of them has written something in their lives - a dissertation, textbooks, memoirs.

Pavel and Ivan Naumenko, 1969

Dreams about war

The theme of war could not help but become one of the central ones in the work of a man who, as a boy, participated in the Komsomol underground, fought in the partisans and front-line reconnaissance company, and fought on the Leningrad and 1st Ukrainian fronts.

- My father was wounded twice- says the writer’s son, candidate of philological sciences, associate professor at BSU Pavel Naumenko. - On the Karelian Isthmus he received a concussion, after which he lost his sense of smell. All my life I carefully checked whether the stove was turned off. He knew German perfectly: he taught it at school, and then the occupation “helped” his study. Later he joined front-line reconnaissance. He crawled at night in no man's land, connected his cable to German and eavesdropped on the conversations of enemy staff signalmen. Once, having learned that the enemy was planning to blow up a dam on a reservoir and thus delay the advance of the Red Army, he urgently informed headquarters, and the object was cleared of mines. For this, my father was awarded the Order of the Red Star. From childhood I remember how at night in his sleep he shouted: “Shoot, run!” I dreamed about the war and didn’t let go.

The son of the trackman Yakov Filippovich, Ivan Naumenko, studied greedily and with interest since childhood. Before the war, I completed the 9th and 10th grades as an external student in one year.

Returning from the front, he got a job as a correspondent for the Mozyr newspaper “Balshavik Palessya”, and from 1951 he worked for the republican newspaper “Zvyazda”. I studied in absentia at BSU and helped me get on my feet younger brothers and sister. All Naumenkos were capable. Brother Vladimir eventually became a Doctor of Geographical Sciences, vice-rector of Brest University, Nikolai - deputy head of the Belarusian Railway. The younger sister Anna also graduated from BSU, worked at school, but died tragically. The writer's mother Maria Petrovna (nee Smeyan) came from a Baltic family, her family was considered more prosperous than that of Yakov Filippovich. Cousin Ivan Naumenko, the late Nikolai Smeyan, was an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, one of the leading Belarusian scientists in the field of agro-soil science.

Reconnaissance sergeant major Ivan Naumenko, 1945

Two banks of one river

Ivan Naumenko and Yadviga Ikonnikova met at the Kupala Theater. Ivan Yakovlevich admitted that he paid attention to the pretty girl because she laughed so contagiously and sincerely.

By that time, Ivan had an unsuccessful family experience. Returning from the war with awards, the tall and handsome reconnaissance company sergeant-major got married, as they say, on the spot, without hesitation, which he didn’t even like to remember later. The second time I was in no hurry to go to the registry office. But still, he could not resist the cheerful Jadwiga and decided to take a risk.

- Mom can also be called a dominant personality, bright, lively, impulsive, with a developed sense of humor, - says Pavel Ivanovich. - At a banquet or anniversary, I loved to tease one of the eminent people in a good way, remembering their poor, unsettled student past. She was an associate professor at the Faculty of History of BSU. The students called her “Mommy” among themselves: she was known as their thunder and at the same time their intercessor and patroness, she was distinguished by her exactingness and deep humanity.

Yadviga Ikonnikova, a native Minsk resident, came from a Belarusian gentry on her mother’s side, and from an old Russian noble family on her father’s side.

The entire life of the Naumenko family depended on Yadviga Pavlovna. She was a brilliant cook. It was considered great luck for neighbors and relatives to catch pies, baked turkey or suckling pig performed by Jadwiga Naumenko. She herself was involved in the construction of a dacha on Lysaya Gora, famously drove a blue Moskvich, and later a Volga. And she never complained about her husband, because she understood: he was busy with work and devoted himself to him without reserve. Even on vacation, Ivan Yakovlevich sat at the table and worked for hours. By the way, it was often his wife who was the first to listen to his works and personally retyped many of his manuscripts. If something written seemed unsuccessful to her, she could criticize it.

Yadviga Pavlovna was a Catholic, and Ivan Yakovlevich was Orthodox. But there was not the slightest hint of a conflict between them on religious grounds. Ivan Naumenko also got along with his mother-in-law Anastasia Feliksovna, who loved her son-in-law and sincerely considered him a golden head. The writer with great pleasure went to her on Catholic Easter and Christmas and laughed: they say, he wouldn’t mind having a Jew in the family to celebrate Passover as well.

Ivan Naumenko was an obsessed mushroom picker. He loved to wander through the forest, he knew fruitful places. Every trip for mushrooms in the company of Melezh, Loika, Skrygan, Bryl ended under the pine trees - they laid out a simple tablecloth, cut lard and black bread, took out a bottle, and conversations began about literature and life.

- My father didn’t shy away from having a drink in company. But he knew when to stop - notes Pavel Ivanovich. - Although there were exceptions to the rules. Mom loved to remember this story. One day a friend came to visit her and began to complain about her husband, who drinks heavily. To which my mother says: “No, it’s a sin for me to complain about Ivan.” And at that time my father had just published another book. And he and his friends celebrated this with joy from the heart. And as soon as my mother finished the story about her positive husband, the doorbell rang, and Yanka Skrygan, Yanka Bryl, Ivan Melezh literally carried their father into the house, laid him on the sofa and left. The guest was completely delighted with such a picture... And the father smoked until the mother put forward an ultimatum: “Ivan, you have three children, they need to be raised, put on their feet. You've already smoked yours. Give it up." And he quit in one day, although before that he had not parted with a cigarette for many decades.

...Ivan Naumenko passed away in 2006. The children say that he would probably have lived longer if Yadviga Pavlovna had been nearby. But the writer's wife died six years earlier. And life without sacrifice, care, kindness, words of support, Jadwiga’s ringing infectious laughter, without their heated arguments and even quarrels, lost its former meaning for Ivan Yakovlevich.

Tatiana, Valeria, Pavel, 1966

Cult of knowledge

The children - Valeria, Tatyana and Pavel - were mainly taken care of by Yadviga Pavlovna in the family.

“We are only two years apart from my sister, and less than five years from my brother,” Valeria Ivanovna notes. - Sometimes we fought, quarreled, and then my mother would scream, or even slap me on a soft spot with whatever came to hand: a towel, a net, a belt. But this happened rarely, and we knew very well how much she loved us. In the summer we often visited the private house of a noble grandmother on the banks of the Svisloch. Main principle Anastasia Feliksovna’s upbringing was formulated in Polish: “chego htse, tego ne dats.” If we trampled the beds or played pranks, she did not stand on ceremony and could treat us with nettles. But no one was offended. I remember my childhood as very happy.

Ivan Yakovlevich did not take an active part in raising his daughters and son, rarely looked at the diaries, and never punished. But he had clear ideas about how they should grow up. He read a lot - in Russian, Belarusian or German. He was proud of his library, which consisted of about 5-6 thousand books, and allowed children to take any of them, even those not according to their age.

- My father really wanted me to teach. German, - Valeria Ivanovna admits. - Therefore, I was sent to special school No. 24 (today it is linguistic college). The language was very useful later when I, as an ophthalmologist, completed an internship in Germany. They also bought me a piano. But I didn’t have a heart for music, I cried over Czerny’s sketches for two years, and my father, unable to bear it, told my mother: “Why are you torturing her, Valya (that’s what my family called me) will have enough German. You see, Tanya climbs to the instrument and selects melodies by ear. It's better to give it to music school" Mom listened to her father, and music became destiny for her sister.

- Despite the trials of wartime, hunger and poverty, father and mother studied well and therefore did not understand how one could not strive for education in peacetime when everything is enough, - adds Pavel Ivanovich. - Parents did not recognize a “B” as a grade. They believed: a four at school is a three at the university.

None of the three children had any problems with their studies. Gold medalist Valeria entered medical school. Later she defended her PhD thesis and became a famous ophthalmologist. Tatyana after a special school at the conservatory (today it is the Republican Gymnasium-College at the Belarusian state academy music) received higher education V Russian Academy music named after the Gnessins. Today she is a doctor of art history, professor, head of the department of music theory of this educational institution, member of the doctoral dissertation council at BSAM. Pavel graduated from secondary school No. 23 with a gold medal (in those years the school focused on physics, radio electronics and mathematics), and with honors from the philological department of BSU. Today he is an associate professor at the Department of Belarusian Literature and Culture at BSU, and at the same time is engaged in business.

- We are not chosen in any way Soviet era didn't feel - notes Pavel Ivanovich. - Our parents forbade us to emphasize whose children we were and to turn up our noses in front of our classmates. All manifestations of lordship were nipped in the bud. I once admitted to my classmates that my father is the director of the Yanka Kupala Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Having learned about this, he made a serious reprimand to me, and I did not mention his merits and high status anymore. Having become a student at the Faculty of Philology of BSU, where my father taught in those years, I felt the burden of my family name. As Caesar's wife, I was supposed to be head and shoulders above my classmates and above all suspicion. For some reason, I remember how in my second year my father asked me: “Pavel, are you already 25?” “No, only 19,” I clarified. “What a kid!” - he sighed. I wasn't offended. His thoughts were always occupied with literature, he did not pay attention to little things.

“Mom dreamed that Pavel would become a surgeon,” recalls Valeria Ivanovna. - And instead of the medical institute, he took the documents to the philology department. Having learned about this, my mother gave my brother a dressing down. Then the father comes home and asks: “Why is the entrance shaking?” After listening to his wife, he asked: “Don’t touch him. If he wants to go to the philology department, let him study.” In my opinion, in his heart he was happy with his son’s choice. I think he was proud of all of us. I will never forget Tatiana's wedding. When the guests arrived, there was an awkward pause. And then the father stood up and said: “My children are good. “No one had a single report to the police.” The atmosphere immediately cleared.

The writer's mother Maria Petrovna

Main lesson

Ivan Naumenko managed to see his grandchildren - Dmitry and Yadviga. Today Dmitry, a graduate of the Moscow Institute of Engineers railway transport, deals with logistics and customs law. Fifth-year student at BSU Yadviga Naumenko is studying international law.

- Of course, both Dmitry and my Yadya are a completely different generation, they have their own values, - Pavel Ivanovich reasons. - But I want them to inherit one principle of their grandfather Ivan Naumenko. And it is about achieving everything on your own, without shifting responsibility for your destiny onto someone else’s shoulders. Personally, I am eternally grateful to my father for this lesson.

And I’m also happy that I spent my childhood and youth in the legendary house No. 36 on Karl Marx Street, where Yanka Mavr, Vladimir Korotkevich, Ivan Melezh, Ivan Shamyakin, Vasil Vitka lived in those years. My only regret is that I didn’t delve more into their conversations. As well as in my mother’s conversations with Maria Filatovna Shamyakina, Vladimir Korotkevich’s sister Natalya Semyonovna, Vasil Vitka’s wife Olga Grigorievna. A unique, inimitable generation that I never cease to admire.

For information

Ivan Naumenko. Prose writer, literary critic. Academician National Academy Sciences of Belarus. Doctor of Philology, professor. People's Writer of Belarus.

In 1973–1982 - director of the Yanka Kupala Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. In 1982–1992 - Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Chairman of the Supreme Council of the BSSR (1985–1990).

Among the works of Ivan Naumenko are the novels “Vetser at the Pines”, “Sorak Tretsi”, “Smutak of the White Beginnings”, “Asennia of Melody”, the stories “Boys of the same age”, “Tapoli of the Young People”, “That Same Land”, “Veranika” and other.

Photo from the Naumenko family archive

More project materials:

Naumenko Ivan Yakovlevich

Forty-third

PART ONE

CHAPTER ONE

Above the gendarmerie - it still occupies a two-story school building - above the premises in which the Germans are quartered, flags bordered with black crepe flutter in the winter wind for three days. The Germans are mourning for Stalingrad. Many in Batkovichi know that in Stalingrad the surrounded Soviet troops Sixth Army of Paulus. And one cannot help but know - the newspaper, which is published in Russian, published a speech by Hitler himself on this matter. It does not at all follow from the speech that there, on the distant Volga, the Germans were defeated. The behavior of the Sixth Army, which, according to Hitler, all died - from Field Marshal Paulus to the last soldier - the Fuhrer shows as the most greatest victory and explains to the German people and the whole world that without this sacrifice, things would be bad for Germany. The encircled troops of Paulus allegedly pinned down dozens of red divisions, and if this had not happened, it is unknown what boundaries the Bolshevik hordes could have reached.

For the first time during the war, Mitya reads a German message with pleasure.

During the first two months of winter, snow falls and a white blizzard swirls, but there are no such severe frosts as last year. Mitya lived this time in joyful tension. Every new day brings unexpected news. Most often they are pleasant. The Germans were expelled from the Caucasus, and most importantly, a gigantic victory was won on the Volga.

This winter also differs from last year’s in that there are several threads through which accurate news about events at the front reaches Mitya. From time to time he looks into the low hut of Vasil Sharamet. His new friend, if not at work, is sure to make something: sharpens knives, makes rings from silver coins, and combs and combs from duralumin.

Having waited until the dressed-up sisters had left for the party, Vasil climbs into the underground and pulls out a black radio box wrapped in an old sweatshirt. Having turned off the light and installed the receiver on a narrow table filled with various bottles and boxes, Mitya and Vasil tune it to Moscow and, straining, listen.

These are pleasant moments. Snow is falling outside the window, an old apple tree is rustling its dark branches, and in the oven, warming up from the warmth and as if not noticing the winter, a cricket starts to sing.

We installed two new dry batteries, but the announcer's voice is still distant, barely audible. Moscow lives by the events of Stalingrad: articles from newspapers, stories of battle participants, foreign responses and assessments are conveyed. The names of new liberated cities and towns flash in the reports. The fighting is taking place mainly in the south - in the big bend of the Don. True, there was tangible success on the Northern Front: the dead loop of the blockade near Leningrad was broken.

Leaving Vasil, Mitya is filled with a special feeling. Before my eyes is a snow-covered railway, a huge dark poplar, in the branches of which the wind rustles. Further, not far from the station, various warehouses and bases are blackened. There are rare, faded lights in the windows of small-town huts. The place seems to live, caught up in the flow of ordinary everyday life. It’s unlikely that any of the residents of this street, who are sleeping or going to bed, know that somewhere out there, on the Don, the village of Verkhny Mamon is taken, which, like Batkovichi, is not famous for anything special. There, in Upper Mamon, they are probably not sleeping, victory has already arrived there. But it’s still a long way from Upper Mamon to this poplar...

Once a week, Mikola comes from Gromov, where he works as a teacher. He rarely meets with paratroopers yet. Hands them leaflets in which the boys report on the movement of trains through the station and on sightings military units, and in return receives handwritten reports from the Sovinformburo. From Mazurenka, the commander of the paratroopers, so far there is only one order - to win the trust of the Germans. Even the mine that Mikola brought a long time ago does not allow him to plant it. Apparently, paratroopers come to meetings in Gromy from afar.

Every time Mikola reports that Mazurenka forbids them, her contacts, to go together. But the boys ignore the order. It would be simply funny if they suddenly pretended that they didn’t know each other, stopped visiting each other, and showing up on the street.

Mitya most often already knows the news about the successful offensive of the Red Army that Mikola brings. But it’s still nice to read crumpled notebook pages, neatly covered with crayon. It’s one thing to hear on the radio, and quite another to read the same thing. Here you can think about the meaning, savor every word, and compare it with what the Germans themselves report about these same events.

That evening when they broadcast the news of liberation big city, is a special holiday. Now Kursk is already Soviet. Mitya is excited. He thinks about the front every minute, and soon for two years he has been living with military events, those great, tragic events that fill the whole world. Mitya understands: the capture of Kursk means that the southern section of the German front is broken and crushed. Will the Nazis be able to hold out and at what point? Now, in winter, the rivers are not a barrier, the breakthrough of the front is obvious. How will Hitler plug such a hole?

Mitya even seems to hear gun shots coming from there, from the east. Kursk is not Krasnodar, not distant Salsk...

Although it’s already too late to wander around the town, he can’t stand it, getting out of Sharamet’s low hut and goes to the boys. The frozen, dry snow creaks underfoot, and the wind whips snow pellets into your hot face. Mitya does not walk along the street, but along a dark alley adjacent to the railway, passing bases, warehouses, and a railway guardhouse. Stacks of firewood and logs turn black in the darkness. The courtyards face the railway not with huts, but with gardens and vegetable gardens, and only two or three houses have windows facing them.

The railway is quiet at night. Trains only run during the day. There are exceptions, but they are rare. It's dark at the station. The red eye of the semaphore, which stands almost opposite Sharamet’s hut, glows barely noticeably, and the yellowish-red lights of the arrows gleam.

To get to Lobik, you need to cross railway. And although the boys don’t really listen to Mazurenko, they are careful. Lobik works on the railway, compiles train traffic reports, so you shouldn’t visit him again.

Mitya, having crossed the street, where it is easy to run into a patrolman, heads towards Primak. While still on the porch of Primakov’s hut, he hears the strumming of a mandolin. The boys are sitting here almost completely assembled. Sasha Plotkin, in large boots greased with tar, crosses his legs, plays, Lobik, with his head down, is leafing through some book. The owner, Alexey Primak, being a practical person, hems an old felt boot with a piece of felt.

Kursk has been taken! - Mitya blurts out from the threshold.

Sasha plays even louder, Ivan, having put the book on the table, thinks, and only the owner himself is not impressed by the news.

And they took it from us,” Alexey finally responds. - Six per day. Lawyer Bylin, the new primak of Aneta Bagunova. They say he is some kind of engineer. Lysak, a train compiler, was arrested for the third time...

The boys are silent for a minute. Deputy burgomaster Luban, road foreman Adamchuk and others fled into the forest. Most likely, the Nazis are taking revenge.

Lobik gets up and walks around the house.

Kursk is a big victory! - he says excitedly. - If it’s true that they took it, then ours can advance to the Dnieper before spring.

They took it. That's why I came.

This is what it means to squeeze one army into pincers. Paulus was beaten, and the khan was beaten to the front. At Stalingrad there were selected Nazi troops.

They say that the Italians were driven through Rechitsa on foot, having stopped playing, reports Plotkin. - The soldiers allegedly sold rifles at the market. They asked for ten marks for a rifle, twenty for a machine gun.

The boys are laughing. It's hard to imagine soldiers trading such things, but rumors do circulate.

“Italy is finished,” Lobik firmly declares. - It did not achieve strategic goals anywhere. In Africa, the Italians and Rommel will soon be done for. Tunisia will not be contained. No wonder Hitler occupied Southern France. They are afraid of Allied landings from the south.

The front is advancing, and Kuzmenki has killed a wild boar. “They brought two new ones,” Alexey jokes. - They are not going to scrape. Gvozd sewed a new coat... But it’s too late. Let's get on our horses, guys.

Alexey is not pretending. That's the only way he looks at things. But nothing can be done - his neighbors Kuzmenki are truly avid policemen. So you have to be careful. And Gvozd is a famous lard.

They disperse one by one. Lobik was the first to rush out the door, followed by Mitya.

The decision that there was no other choice left but to go into the forest, ask the partisans for mercy, and if they were accepted, then take revenge on the Germans, destroying them cruelly, mercilessly, Luban made unexpectedly, despite the fact that he and his accomplices thought and We've been talking about this for a long time. Events at the front were only an impetus that accelerated the adoption of such a decision. It had been brewing in Luban’s soul since last summer. Then envoys came to him from the partisans, and not really even partisans, but from people who had been thrown behind the front line on a special mission. Those people were entirely satisfied that he, Luban, occupying a high position in the German administration, helped them. But he could not do this - firstly, he did not know how to split himself, and secondly, he believed that the price he would pay in this way would be small to atone for his sin.

04.10.1918 - 15.09.1986
Hero Soviet Union

N Aumenko Ivan Afanasyevich - deputy squadron commander of the 58th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the 2nd Guards Assault Aviation Division of the 16th Air Army of the Central Front, guard senior lieutenant.

Born on October 4, 1918 in the village of Kharkov, Talalaevsky district, Chernigov region, into a peasant family. Ukrainian. Graduated from seven incomplete classes high school. He worked as an electric machine operator at a plant in the city of Makeevka, Donetsk region.

In 1940 he was drafted into the Red Army. In 1942 he graduated from the Engels Military Aviation Pilot School. In the battles of the Great Patriotic War since July 1942. He fought on the Stalingrad, Don and Central fronts.

Ivan Naumenko arrived on the Stalingrad Front from flight school. On the very first day I learned about the order of the Motherland: “Not a step back! The Volga is behind us, there is nowhere to retreat further.”

In a difficult situation, the young pilot begins to carry out his first combat missions. Fascist planes flew in clouds in the air. On the ground, in order to prevent Soviet aviation from striking, the enemy concentrated a huge number of anti-aircraft guns.

One day, nine attack aircraft took off early in the morning to strike a large enemy airfield. Naumenko was a wingman in one of the links. And already in this first flight his real fighting character was revealed. Having dropped to a minimum height above the target, he created six fires with well-aimed cannon fire.

True, this courage and determination almost cost him his life. When exiting the low-level flight, the car is hit by an anti-aircraft shell. The motor began to work intermittently. But even here the young pilot was not at a loss. With difficulty, he brought the heavy vehicle to his airfield.

After that, he was entrusted with more responsible tasks. Eleven times in a row he flew to attack motorized mechanized columns of the enemy rushing towards Stalingrad. I made 3-4 passes over the target. During all the flights, he destroyed more than twenty enemy tanks, many vehicles with cargo, suppressed the fire of many anti-aircraft artillery batteries, and destroyed hundreds of Nazis.

On one of the flights, six of our attack aircraft were attacked by enemy fighters. IN air combat The car of Ivan Naumenko’s partner was damaged. The plane could not maneuver, and Hitler’s predators rushed towards it to finish it off. Ivan Naumenko immediately rushed to the rescue. He covered his friend with his plane and repelled the attacks of the fighters with well-aimed fire. The damaged plane landed safely at the airfield. Ivan accompanied him until landing.

For this feat, Naumenko received gratitude from the commander of the 16th Air Army, and the Motherland awarded him the Order of the Red Banner.

The award inspired new achievements. Naumenko makes daring raids on enemy airfields where enemy transport aircraft were based. Making three sorties a day, he, for example, completely deprived the enemy of the opportunity to use the largest base - Bolshaya Rossoshka.

One day he was attacked by two Messerschmitts over his target. Skillfully maneuvering, Naumenko shot down one of them and forced the other to abandon the fight. Returning “home”, I saw a group of our bombers, which was fighting off the enemy fighters that were attacking it. It did not fly past, although the fuel was already running out. Having crashed into a formation of fighters, the brave pilot forced them to retreat. The bombers returned safely to base.

A worthy student of the famous Soviet ace, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Ivan Naumenko soon became a leading pilot. Only at Stalingrad did he many times lead groups of attack aircraft into battle, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy on the ground and in the air. On the Central Front, attack aircraft under the command of Naumenko provided great support to ground troops fighting for Orel, Sevsk, Glukhov, and then for the cities of the Chernigov region - Nizhyn, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov.

The glorious Chernigov resident performed an unforgettable feat in the sky above his native region. On one of the flight days, Naumenko led his formidable “silts” to storm enemy reserves. Suddenly, the keen eye of the presenter noticed: a large motley column of civilian Soviet residents was moving along a country road in the middle of a field. They are accompanied on either side by Germans with dogs. Naumenko decides to save the prisoners. Swooping down to guard the column, the attack aircraft forced them to scatter. Feeling free, the captives quickly disappeared into the forest. How grateful they were Soviet pilots for the proceeds from slavery, and perhaps from death!

Another time, while storming an enemy railway junction, Naumenko noticed that two echelons loaded with tanks and other military equipment were approaching here one after another. The pilot realized that the trains would certainly stop at the junction, and did not drop bombs, but decided to hit the junction a little later in order to destroy the trains at the same time. When he arrived at this target not alone, but with a group of attack aircraft, there were already eight echelons with enemy equipment and manpower at the junction. The group strike destroyed 250 railway cars and platforms. Not a single echelon went further than this junction.

“An excellent attack aircraft”, “a fearless pilot”, “a brave intelligence officer” - this is what front-line newspapers called Ivan Naumenko.

By October 1943, deputy squadron commander of the 58th Guards Attack Aviation Regiment, Senior Lieutenant I.A. Naumenko made 81 combat missions to attack military targets and enemy troops.

U Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on February 4, 1944 for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command to destroy enemy manpower and equipment and the courage and heroism of the guard shown to the senior lieutenant Naumenko Ivan Afanasyevich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and medal " Gold Star" (№ 3391).

In 1944 he graduated from the Air Force Academy. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1944. Since 1946, Major I.A. Naumenko is in reserve.

Lived on Sakhalin, worked as a flight commander of the Far Eastern Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet. In 1964 he moved to the city of Rostov-on-Don. Died September 15, 1986. He was buried at the Northern Cemetery in Rostov-on-Don.

Awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees, and medals.

Ivan Yakovlevich Naumenko- the last people's writer of Belarus. He received this title in 1995. Since then, not a single domestic writer has been awarded this high title. Who was Ivan Yakovlevich, what did he do for literature, and why is his name practically forgotten today?

Biography. Ivan Naumenko was born on February 16, 1925 in the city of Vasilevichi, Rechitsa region of the BSSR, into a family of railway workers.

As a child, I went through difficult times, the Holodomor, which in Belarus, fortunately, did not have such tragic consequences as in neighboring Ukraine.

He recalled about his childhood that what he remembered most were birds and books. Especially books on Belarusian language. Already in the third grade I read "War and Peace" by Tolstoy.

From the third grade, the father took his son to the railway and already at the age of 14 he was on the repair team.

He participated in the Great Patriotic War from January 1942 in the Komsomol underground. Then he fought in the partisans. In December 1943 he was drafted into the Red Army. Participated in battles on the Leningrad and 1st Ukrainian fronts. He was wounded twice and was shell-shocked. This caused numerous strokes in the future.

After demobilization in December 1945, he worked as a correspondent for the Mozyr regional newspaper. "Balshavik Palessya", and since 1951 a correspondent for the republican newspaper "Zvyazda".

In 1950 he graduated in absentia from the Belarusian state university. And in 1954, postgraduate studies at the university.

From 1953 to 1958 he was head of the prose department of the literary magazine "Maladost", in 1954-1973, senior lecturer, associate professor, professor, head of the department of Belarusian literature at BSU. In 1973-1982, director of the Yanka Kupala Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR. In 1982-1992, vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR.

He was friends with Ivan Melezh and Ivan Shamyakin.

Deputy of the Supreme Council of the Belarusian SSR 1985-1990. Acted as Chairman of the Supreme Council.

In 1992-2002, advisor to the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Since 2002, chief researcher at the Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

He died on December 17, 2006 after a long illness. He was buried at the Kalvary Cemetery.

Creation. The writer's first poems were published back in 1946 in a regional newspaper. But, as he himself later admitted, he does not consider this the beginning of his creative career. Because he is primarily a prose writer, not a poet.

He made his first debut with stories in 1955 in the magazine “Maladosts”. These were the stories "Sidar and Garaska" And "Eh, shag".

The main theme of Naumenko’s works was the Great Patriotic War.

Very often in his novels and short stories Naumenko raises the topic of youth during the war. This is due to the fact that he himself met the war at the age of seventeen. Many works contain autobiographical moments. Even the writer’s first collection, published in 1957, was called "Seventh Visny". In total, he published 11 collections of stories and novellas. Last, "Vodgull of distant springs" in 1989.

Naumenko’s heroes are patriots of the motherland who common interests put above personal ones.

The first stage of a writer’s creativity is associated precisely with the short form – the story. But later he begins to write stories, novels and plays.

The trilogy plays an important role in Naumenko’s work: "Sasna pry daroz" (1962), "Vetzer at the Pines" (1967), "Sorak tradition"(1974). It tells about the partisan struggle against the German invaders and is of a large-scale, heroic nature.

It should also be noted the novel "Smutak Bely Begin"(1979), dedicated to the final stage of the war. The author is without excessive pathos, very in simple language talks about the tragic human fate.

I tried to write poetry and even wanted to publish a collection. But as he later admitted, he was happy that he didn’t do it. Because his poems turned out to be official ones.

He researched the works of Maxim Bogdanovich, Dunin-Martinkevich, Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas. Published about 200 scientific works, including 10 monographs.

In 1981-1984, a collection of the writer’s works was published in 6 volumes.

Awards and memory. Awarded the Order Red Star (1945), Order of the Patriotic War, II degree (1985), Order October Revolution(1985), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1975), Francis Skorina Medal.

In 1967 he received the Lenin Komsomol Prize of the Belarusian SSR for the book “Tapali Youth”.

In 1972, for the monographs “Yanka Kupala: The Spiritual Vision of a Hero” (1967) and “Yakub Kolas: The Spiritual Vision of a Hero” (1968) he was awarded the State Prize of the Belarusian SSR named after Y. Kolas.

In 1997 he was awarded the Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for a series of monographs.

In 2010, the Belarusian Post issued postage stamp, dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the birth of I.Ya. Naumenko.

In June 2011, a street in Minsk was named after Naumenko. And on October 12, 2011 it was opened in the capital memorial plaque in memory of Naumenko.

Worthy? People's Writer - honorary title for any writer. And no one will dare to say that Ivan Naumenko is unworthy of him. Yes, today his work is practically forgotten among ordinary Belarusians. Yes, young people don’t know anything about me at all. But his works are not widely heard and have not been able to become truly popular. But Naumenko himself did a lot for the development and popularization of Belarusian literature.

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