This catchphrase. "winged" expressions and their meaning
Either literary sources and widely used due to its expressiveness. Phraseology is studied.
Sources of popular expressions can be myths, folklore, literature, words from a song or other piece of music (opera, operetta), journalism, memoirs, speeches of famous people. These can be quotations or figurative expressions that appeared on their basis. Such, for example, is the biblical "forbidden fruit". Such expressions could long ago lose touch with the source and be used in every era in relation to current events.
The phrase "catchword" is itself a catchphrase.
Origin
The expression "winged word" (Gr. ἔπεα πτερόεντα ) is found in Homer, but usually means not an aphorism, but a loud speech. For example, the eighteenth song of the poem "Odyssey" contains, in particular, the following text:
Entering the door, he began to force Odysseus to leave
your house; and threw him, irritated, the winged word:
“Get away from the door, old man, or you will be pulled out by your feet!”
The expression "winged words" became widespread in the modern sense thanks to the collection of popular quotations compiled by Georg Buchmann, published for the first time in the city under this name.
Examples
see also
Literature
- Ashukin N. S., Ashukina M. G. Winged words: Literary quotations; figurative expressions. - 4th ed., add. - M.: Fiction, 1987. - 528 p.
Links
Notes
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See what the "Catch phrase" is in other dictionaries:
phrase- ornate (Ertel); fenced (Markevich); rounded (Oliger); noisy (Nadson); pompous (Yushkevich); piquant (Pismsky); lush (Lermontov); bloated (Fet); crackling (Boborykin, Grigorovich, Nekrasov, Pisemsky); biting (Ertel); ... ... Dictionary of epithets
s; and. [from Greek. phrasis expression, figure of speech] 1. Segment of speech, relatively independent in terms of meaning and intonation (usually accompanied by a pause). Clear, convoluted phrases. Incomplete f. (expressing an unspoken thought). Properly... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
phrase- s; and. (from Greek phrasis expression, turn of speech) see also. phrasal 1) A segment of speech that is relatively independent in terms of meaning and intonation (usually accompanied by a pause) Clear, confusing phrases. Incomplete phrase / for. (expressing…… Dictionary of many expressions
- "You forgot Poland" (eng. You forgot Poland) is a catchphrase that appeared during a televised debate on the eve of the 2004 US presidential election. Contents 1 Appearance 2 Fate ... Wikipedia
The phrase first occurs in Juvenal's Satires Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Latin catchphrase, translated means "Who will guard the watchmen themselves?" Used to describe a situation where people, posting ... Wikipedia
AZH GUY IS NOISY- A catchphrase of one of the numerous title components of the Odessa nation of Ukrainians, who made a huge contribution to the creation and development of the Odessa language. A.G.Sh. as a rule, it is used during the discussion of various events or actions, often ... ...
POC, IS MAMA AT HOME?- Catchphrase. At present, it is also a synonym for the above term Pots Ivanovich. Initially, it corresponded only to such expressions as “shut the gate” in Russian, which means “your trousers are not buttoned up on the most interesting ... ... Large semi-explained dictionary of the Odessa language
DOING AS IN POLAND- An old catchphrase of one of the numerous title components of the Odessa nation of Poles, who made a great contribution to the creation and development of the Odessa language. The phrase D.K.V.P. was born in Odessa at a time when Warsaw was also a Russian city. Phrase … Large semi-explained dictionary of the Odessa language
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the consignment- , ii, f. 1. Political organization of people united by common interests, ideals, goals and fighting for their implementation. ◘ There cannot be several parties, because the party is part of the class (Stalin). Kupina, 17. To be a member of the Communist Party. ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies
Winged words are stable figurative combinations that have come into use from various sources: folklore, scientific works, sayings of prominent figures, names of famous events. They constantly appear, but subsequently they can be forgotten or remain forever.
Some popular expressions have survived for millennia. Examples can be cited from antiquity, where only specialists know the authors. Few people can say that the phrase "tastes differ" is a quote from Cicero's speech.
The appearance of winged words
The expression "winged words" first appeared in the poems of Homer. As a term, it has passed into many languages. For the first time a collection of catchphrases was published in the 19th century in Germany. It subsequently went through many editions.
Due to their stability and reproducibility, winged words belong to phraseology, but their authorial origin allowed them to take their special place among other means of speech. When words are rearranged, the phraseological construction is destroyed and the general meaning is lost. Also, there is no meaning in each word taken separately from the expression. It is this combination that makes them special.
Winged phrases and expressions accumulate and remain due to the development of civilization. They remain in cultural memory only thanks to writing.
Wise phrases have always been written down and preserved for posterity.
Winged expressions and aphorisms
A good aphorism briefly and figuratively conveys to us the causes of many phenomena of life and at the same time gives moral advice. It is an exquisite piece of literature condensed into one sentence. It is no coincidence that Chekhov said that brevity is the sister of talent.
The aphorisms of the ancient philosophers, which survived the millennia, explained much that was not yet discovered by science. The meaning of these catchphrases has been preserved in its former form and civilization has managed to preserve them.
Moreover, science has confirmed the truth of most of them.
Not all aphorisms are winged expressions. Numerous examples can be given, and many of the aphorisms lead into the world of illusions and abstractions. And catchphrases are alive and reflect the realities of life to a greater extent. Therefore, they are especially important when they just appear, vividly and figuratively reflecting today's events and phenomena.
Winged expressions from works
A storehouse of popular expressions are the works of Pushkin, Krylov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Not always their repetition produces the desired effect. But they need to be known and applied in accordance with the situation:
“It didn’t work out that way, to put it mildly.
When a decision is missed a minute.
We do not learn from mistakes in vain,
And croaking with cheese in your beak is cool!”
The evolution of catchphrases transforms them and brings them closer to modern realities: “Now the impression cannot be erased”, “Your common sense is not suitable for this life.”
They can be created in the process of translation and adaptation to our society.
There are 61 catchphrases in Shakespeare's Hamlet. The writer deliberately created a pun and a play on words: "Frailty, your name is woman." The expression was obtained on the basis of violation of linearity. If it had been built in the usual way, no one would have paid any attention to it. He uses puns, inversion and other tricks so skillfully that a special meaning and irony emerge from the sets of words.
Ilfa and Petrova are recognizable and frequently used catchphrases in the media. Examples are from The Golden Calf and The Twelve Chairs, which include character names and sayings.
Catch phrases in the works of Ilf and Petrov have long become speech clichés, ready-made standards. This is a wide field for creativity of writers, journalists and just amateurs. It is important not just to deftly insert the desired phrase, but to present it from a new perspective, from a different angle. It is necessary not only to know popular expressions and words, but also to be able to use them, creating something of your own.
Popular expressions enrich the text, strengthen the argument and attract the attention of readers.
Winged expressions in comedies
Comic effects create catchphrases from comedies. The work of Griboyedov is especially saturated with them, where the title “Woe from Wit” already sets the tone. It has remained relevant until now, when many minds cannot break through the array of misunderstanding, and new ideas are considered completely unnecessary and dangerous to society. For some comedy heroes, an alternative to the mind is iron discipline (“You won’t fool me with learning” - Skalozub), for others it simply brings harm (“Learning is a plague ...” - Famusov). In this comedy, it is not known whether to laugh or cry?
Cinema is a source of catchphrases
In Soviet times, cinema was one of the most common sources from which catchphrases and expressions poured out as if people immediately picked them up, for example, after the release of Gaidai's films. They have become so popular that many do not even remember which character said them. Most of Gaidai's comedies entered our lives and became winged:
- "Everything has already been stolen before us";
- "Thank you, I'll stand on foot...";
- "Train better on cats";
- "We are strangers in this celebration of life."
Conclusion
There are sayings of the classics of literature, philosophers, famous people. These are mostly winged expressions. Examples can be found in collections published continuously since the 19th century. Winged expressions remain in the memory of peoples and are multiplied thanks to writing and the development of culture.
A catchphrase is a set phrase. A popular expression is usually aphoristic and expressive.
Aphorism is the originality of a complete thought, expressed in a concise form. In fact, the concepts of "aphorism" and "catchword" are synonymous.
Origin of the term "catchword"
The ancient Greek poet Homer in the poem "Odyssey" says:
Entering the door, he began to force Odysseus to leave
your house; and threw him, irritated, the winged word:
“Get away from the door, old man, or you will be pulled out by your feet!”
And although in this case the expression "winged word" meant loud speech, this expression itself became winged (recursion).
Sources of catchphrases
There are many such sources. These can be speeches of famous people, literature, myths, folklore, songs, films, etc.
Many winged expressions, having appeared and then found an independent life, lose touch with the source and already exist on their own, being used in relation to current, modern events. This applies, for example, to many biblical expressions. For example, the expression " voice in the wilderness". Now we use this expression when we want to talk about a vain call, vain words left without attention, an answer. In the Old Testament, in the Book of the Prophet Isaiah, it says: “The voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the ways of the Lord; make straight the paths of our God” (Bible Isaiah 40:3); in the Gospels, John the Baptist, his calls are also called “the voice of one crying in the wilderness” (Bible John 1:23). However, the calls of the prophets were in vain, most people did not heed them.
Many popular expressions are of Latin origin:
"leaving go!» (Abiens, abi!)
« another me”,“ a close friend and like-minded person ”(Alter ego)
« Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer» (Amicus Plato, sed magis amica est veritas)
« love conquers all» (Amor vincit omnia)
« art is long, life is short» (Ars longa, vita brevis)
« one foot in the coffin» (Articulo mortis)
« let the other side be heard» (Audiatur et altera pars)
« hello, Caesar, those who are about to die greet you» (Ave, Caesar, morituri te salutant)
« through thorns to the stars» (Per aspera ad astra)
« money doesn't smell» (Pecunia non olet).
History of some popular expressions
Alea iacta est (the die is cast)
This expression means: "the choice is made", "risk everything for the sake of a great goal." Used to emphasize the irreversibility of what is happening. This popular expression has synonyms in Russian: “bridges are burned”, “there is no turning back”, “either the chest is in crosses, or the head is in the bushes”, etc.
Guy Julius Caesar (ancient Roman statesman and politician, commander, writer), crossing the Rubicon, uttered this phrase and at the head of his army entered the territory of northern Italy. Thus began the long civil war of Caesar against the Roman Senate, led by Pompey the Great. Caesar took a certain risk, because. had only a small number of sympathetic legions close to Rome. But this risk was fully justified, since the strategic occupation of Rome and the retreat of Pompey played a key role in the conflict.
Accuracy - the politeness of kings
The meaning of this winged expression: to be precise, not to be late means to act like a king.
Translated from French in full, this statement sounds like this: “Accuracy is the courtesy of kings and the duty of all good people.” This statement of the French king Louis XIV actually caused the rapid development of etiquette in Europe. Since then, punctuality, accuracy and skillful handling of one's own and other people's time have been highly valued in society.
Alpha and Omega 
Literally, this expression means "the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet", i.e. "beginning and end of something."
The expression goes back to a quote from the Bible: "I am alpha and omega, the beginning and the end ..." (Apocalypse, 1:8). In this case, Jesus Christ is meant, after the second coming of which the existence of civilization in the form that it exists now will end.
Popular expressions from literature
To the grandfather's village
This expression means: without a specific address, a letter or package "to nowhere."
An expression from A.P. Chekhov's story "Vanka" (1886). The protagonist of the story, 9-year-old boy Vanka Zhukov, brought from the village to Moscow and apprenticed to a shoemaker, writes a letter to his grandfather asking him to take him from the city to the village. “Vanka folded the sheet of paper he had written in four and put it in an envelope bought the day before for a penny ... After thinking a little, he dipped his pen and wrote the address: “ To the grandfather's village". Then he scratched himself, thought, and added: "To Konstantin Makarych."
And who are the judges?
The meaning of this popular expression is contempt for the opinion of authorities who are no better than those whom these judges are trying to blame, criticize, etc.
Quote from A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (act 2).
Chatsky:
Who are the judges? for antiquity
To a free life their enmity is irreconcilable,
Judgments draw from forgotten newspapers
The times of Ochakov and the conquest of the Crimea ...
A mixture of French and Nizhny Novgorod
So they say about someone's ignorance and bad taste, which allows a combination of completely incompatible things.
The hero of A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit” (1824) Chatsky, condemning and ridiculing gallomania of the nobility (addiction to everything French), is interested in:
What is the tone here today?
At conventions, at big ones, on parish holidays?
There is also a mixture of languages:
French with Nizhny Novgorod?
Alone, but fiery passion
This can be said about a person who devotes all his strength and time to some kind of hobby: he was possessed by one, but fiery passion.
This is a catch phrase from the 3rd stanza of the poem "Mtsyri" by M. Yu. Lermontov. This is what the young man Mtsyri says about his desire to escape from the monastery, into which he ended up against his will:
I knew only thought power.
One, but fiery passion:
She, like a worm, lived in me,
It gnawed at the soul and burned it.
And Vaska listens and eats 
This expression characterizes the situation when one speaks, convinces, and the other does not listen to him, regardless of the speaker, and continues to do his job.
The expression from the fable of I. A. Krylov “The Cat and the Cook” became winged:
Cat Vaska is a rogue!
Cat Vaska is a thief!
And Vaska de not only in the kitchen,
It is not necessary to let it into the yard,
Like a greedy wolf in a sheepfold:
He is a corruption, he is a plague, he is an ulcer of these places!
(And Vaska listens and eats).
Popular expressions from the works of A. de Saint-Exupery
Here is my secret, it is very simple: only the heart is vigilant. You can't see the most important thing with your eyes.
If you know how to judge yourself correctly, then you are truly wise.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery
When we comprehend our role on Earth, even the most modest and inconspicuous, then only we will be happy. Only then will we be able to live and die in peace, for what gives meaning to life gives meaning to death.
It is easy to find friends willing to help us. It's hard to earn friends who need our help.
To love is not to look at each other, to love is to look together in the same direction.
Don't skimp on your soul. Do not prepare supplies where the heart should work. To give is to bridge the abyss of one's loneliness.
You are forever responsible for those you have tamed.
The main thing is to go. The road does not end, and the goal is always a delusion of the wanderer's eyesight: he climbed to the top, but he already sees another ...
Popular expressions from myths
Annibal's Oath
Meaning: A firm determination to be uncompromising towards someone or something to the end.
The Carthaginian commander Annibal (Hannibal, 247-183 BC), according to legend, as a boy swore to be an implacable enemy of Rome all his life. He kept his oath: during the Second Punic War (218-210 BC), the troops under his command inflicted a number of heavy defeats on the troops of Rome.
Popular expressions from songs
Otherwise, beautiful marquise, everything is fine
The meaning of this catchphrase: there are troubles that you need to put up with.
Taken from a song performed by L. Utyosov. This is a French song translated by A. Bezymensky (1936) "Tout va très bien madame la marquise".
And instead of a heart - a fiery motor
So they say about an active, tireless person or, in a figurative sense, about a soulless person.
The expression is taken from the song "Aviamarch" (music by Yu. A. Khait, lyrics by P. D. Herman, 1922):
We were born to make a fairy tale come true
Overcome space and space,
The mind gave us steel arms-wings,
And instead of a heart - a fiery engine.
Movie sayings
And you, Stirlitz, I will ask you to stay
A joking phrase in a colloquial style used as a request to stay for a conversation when referring to one of the people leaving the premises.
The catchphrase is based on Muller's remark (performed by L. Bronevoy) from the TV movie "Seventeen Moments of Spring": " Stirlitz, and I will ask you to stay».
And along the roads the dead with braids stand 
A joking remark about something terrible, threatening (with disbelief in its existence).
From the movie "The Elusive Avengers" (1967), which is spoken by the actor Savely Kramarov.
To die - not to rise
In a colloquial style, the phrase is used when you need to express great surprise, shock.
This phrase is spoken by the secretary Verochka (Liya Akhedzhakova) in the film "Office Romance" (1977). This film is an adaptation of the play by E. Braginsky and E. Ryazanov "Co-workers", where this expression is first given. According to the plot, the director of Kalugin (A. Freindlikh) comes to work in a transformed form and in a conversation with the surprised Vera asks: “How do you like my hairstyle?”. She exclaims: " To die - do not get up!».
Popular expressions from the speech of politicians
The dead have no shame
This catchphrase can have several meanings depending on the situation in which it is pronounced: death in battle is always honorable; the dead cannot be judged; a dead person can be blamed for something, because he cannot be asked.
According to the chronicler, Prince Svyatoslav addressed his soldiers with these words before the battle with the Greeks in 970.
Horses do not change at the crossing
Meaning: at a decisive moment for business, neither plans nor people can be changed.
The phrase was heard in a speech delivered in 1864 by the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln on the occasion of his candidacy for a second presidential term.
Winged expressions from the Bible
Even those of you who have never read the Bible have quoted it at least once. In our speech, there are many popular expressions that are of biblical origin. Here are some of them.
Bury talent in the ground(not to allow the abilities inherent in a person to develop). From the gospel parable of a slave who buried a talent (a measure of the weight of silver) in the ground instead of using it in business and making a profit. The word "talent" subsequently became synonymous with outstanding abilities.
doubting Thomas- doubtful person The Apostle Thomas did not immediately believe in the resurrection of Christ: “Unless I see on His hands the wounds from the nails, and put my finger in the wounds from the nails, and put my hand in His side, I will not believe.” Subsequently, the Apostle Thomas atoned for his momentary doubt by the apostolic ministry.
lost sheep- so they say about a person who has strayed from the true path. The expression is taken from the gospel parable about the joy of the owner, who found and returned to the flock one lost sheep.
Often we use the so-called catchphrases without even knowing about their origin. Of course, everyone knows: “And Vaska listens and eats” - this is from Krylov’s fable, “gifts of the Danaans” and “Trojan horse” - from Greek legends about the Trojan War ... But many words have become so close and familiar that we don’t even think may come who said them first.
Scapegoat
The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of a live goat, thereby, as it were, shifting the sins of the whole people onto him. After that, the goat was driven out into the wilderness. Many, many years have passed, and the rite no longer exists, but the expression lives on ...
Tryn-grass
The mysterious "tryn-grass" is not at all some kind of herbal drug that is drunk so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass”, that is, a weed that no one needed, indifferent to everyone.
Sour soup master
Sour cabbage soup is a simple peasant food: some water and sauerkraut. It wasn't hard to prepare them. And if someone was called a master of sour cabbage soup, it meant that he was not good for anything worthwhile. Balzac Age
The expression arose after the publication of the novel by the French writer Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) The Thirty-Year-Old Woman (1831); used as a characteristic of women aged 30-40 years.
White crow
This expression, as a designation of a rare person, sharply different from the rest, is given in the 7th satire of the Roman poet Juvenal (mid-1st century - after 127 AD):
Fate gives kingdoms to slaves, delivers triumphs to captives.
However, such a lucky man is less likely to be a white crow.
put a pig
In all likelihood, this expression is due to the fact that some peoples do not eat pork for religious reasons. And if such a person was imperceptibly put pork meat in his food, then his faith was defiled by this.
Throw a stone
The expression "to throw a stone" at someone in the sense of "accusing" arose from the Gospel (John, 8, 7); Jesus told the scribes and Pharisees, who, tempting him, brought to him a woman convicted of adultery: “He that is without sin among you, first cast a stone at her” (in ancient Judea there was a punishment - to stone).
Paper endures everything (Paper does not blush)
The expression goes back to the Roman writer and orator Cicero (106 - 43 BC); in his letters “To Friends” there is an expression: “Epistola non erubescit” - “The letter does not blush”, that is, in writing you can express such thoughts that you are embarrassed to express orally.
To be or not to be - that is the question
The beginning of Hamlet's monologue in Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name, translated by N.A. Field (1837).
Wolf in sheep's clothing
The expression originated from the Gospel: "Beware of false prophets who come to you in sheep's clothing, but inside they are ravenous wolves."
In borrowed plumes
It arose from the fable of I.A. Krylov "Crow" (1825).
Pour in the first number
Believe it or not, but... from the old school, where students were flogged every week, regardless of who was right or wrong. And if the mentor overdoes it, then such a spanking was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.
Register Izhitsa
Izhitsa is the name of the last letter of the Church Slavonic alphabet. Traces of flogging in known places of negligent students strongly looked like this letter. So to prescribe Izhitsu - teach a lesson, punish, it's easier to flog. And you still scold the modern school!
I carry everything with me
The expression originated from ancient Greek tradition. When the Persian king Cyrus occupied the city of Priene in Ionia, the inhabitants left it, taking with them the most valuable of their property. Only Biant, one of the "seven wise men", a native of Priene, left empty-handed. In response to the bewildered questions of his fellow citizens, he answered, referring to spiritual values: "I carry everything that is mine with me." This expression is often used in Cicero's Latin formulation: Omnia mea mecum porto.
Everything flows, everything changes
This expression, which defines the constant variability of all things, expounds the essence of the teachings of the Greek philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 530-470 BC)
Goal like a falcon
Terribly poor, beggar. Usually they think that we are talking about a bird. But the falcon has nothing to do with it. In fact, the “falcon” is an old military wall-beating weapon. It was a completely smooth ("bare") cast-iron blank, fixed on chains. Nothing extra!
Orphan Kazan
So they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan "Kazan"? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Mirzas (Tatar princes), being subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg him for all sorts of indulgences, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.
unlucky person
In the old days in Rus', "the way" was called not only the road, but also various positions at the prince's court. The falconer's path is in charge of princely hunting, the trapping path is dog hunting, the equerry's path is carriages and horses. The boyars, by hook or by crook, tried to get a way from the prince - a position. And those who did not succeed, spoke of those with disdain: an unlucky person.
Was it a boy?
In one of the episodes of M. Gorky's novel "The Life of Klim Samgin" tells about the boy Klim skating with other children. Boris Varavka and Varya Somova fall into a hole. Klim gives Boris the end of his gymnasium belt, but, feeling that he is being pulled into the water, he releases the belt from his hands. Children are drowning. When the search for the drowned begins, Klima is struck by "someone's serious incredulous question: - Was there a boy, maybe there wasn't a boy." The last phrase has become winged as a figurative expression of extreme doubt about anything.
twenty two misfortunes
So in the play by A.P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" (1903) they call the clerk Epikhodov, with whom some kind of comic trouble happens every day. The expression is applied to people with whom some kind of misfortune constantly happens.
Money doesn't smell
The expression arose from the words of the Roman emperor (69 - 79 AD) Vespasian, said by him, as Suetonius reports in his biography, on the following occasion. When Vespasian's son Titus reproached his father for imposing a tax on public latrines, Vespasian brought the first money received from this tax to his nose and asked if they smelled. To the negative answer of Titus, Vespasian said: "And yet they are from urine."
Draconian measures
This is the name given to exorbitantly harsh laws named after the Dragon, the first legislator of the Athenian Republic (VII century BC). Among the punishments determined by its laws, a prominent place was allegedly occupied by the death penalty, which punished, for example, such an offense as stealing vegetables. There was a legend that these laws were written in blood (Plutarch, Solon). In literary speech, the expression "draconian laws", "draconian measures, punishments" became stronger in the meaning of harsh, cruel laws.
Inside out
Now it seems to be quite a harmless expression. And once it was associated with a shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was put back to front on a horse in clothes turned inside out and in this form, disgraced, was driven around the city to the whistle and ridicule of the street crowd.
Retired goat drummer
In the old days, trained bears were taken to fairs. They were accompanied by a dancer boy dressed up as a goat, and a drummer accompanying his dance. This was the goat drummer. He was perceived as a worthless, frivolous person.
Yellow press
In 1895, the American graphic artist Richard Outcault placed a series of frivolous drawings with humorous text in a number of issues of the New York newspaper The World; among the drawings was a child in a yellow shirt, to whom various amusing statements were attributed. Soon another newspaper, the New York Journal, began printing a series of similar drawings. A dispute arose between the two papers over the title to the "yellow boy". In 1896, Erwin Wardman, editor of the New York Press, published an article in his magazine in which he contemptuously called the two competing newspapers "yellow press." Since then, the expression has become catchy.
finest hour
An expression by Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) from the preface to his collection of historical short stories The Starry Clock of Mankind (1927). Zweig explains that he called historical moments the finest hours "because, like eternal stars, they invariably shine in the nights of oblivion and decay."
Golden mean
An expression from the 2nd book of the odes of the Roman poet Horace: "aurea mediocritas".
Choose the lesser of two evils
An expression found in the writings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle "Nicomachean Ethics" in the form: "The lesser of evils must be chosen." Cicero (in his essay “On Duties”) says: “One should not only choose the least of the evils, but also extract from them what can be good in them.”
To make mountains out of molehills
The expression is ancient. It is cited by the Greek writer Lucian (3rd century AD), who ends his satirical “Praise of the Fly” as follows: “But I interrupt my word, although I could say much more, so that someone would not think that I , according to the proverb, I make an elephant out of a fly.
Zest
The expression is used in the meaning: something that gives a special taste, attractiveness to something (dish, story, person, etc.). It arose from a folk proverb: “Kvass is not expensive, zest in kvass is expensive”; became popular after the appearance of Leo Tolstoy's drama The Living Corpse (1912). The hero of the drama Protasov, talking about his family life, says: “My wife was an ideal woman ... But what can I say? There was no zest, - you know, is there a zest in kvass? - there was no game in our life. And I had to forget. And without the game you will not forget ... "
lead by the nose
It can be seen that trained bears were very popular, because this expression was associated with fairground entertainment. The gypsies led the bears by wearing a nose ring. And they forced them, the poor fellows, to do various tricks, deceiving them with the promise of handouts.
Sharpen laces
Lyasy (balusters) are chiseled curly columns of railings at the porch. Only a real master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant having an elegant, bizarre, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But craftsmen to conduct such a conversation by our time became less and less. So this expression began to denote empty chatter.
a swan song
The expression is used in the meaning: the last manifestation of talent. Based on the belief that swans sing before death, it arose in antiquity. Evidence of this is found in one of Aesop's fables (6th century BC): "They say that swans sing before they die."
Flying Dutchman
Dutch legend has preserved the story of a sailor who swore in a strong storm to go around the cape that blocked his path, even if it took him an eternity. For his pride, he was doomed to forever rush on a ship on a raging sea, never touching the shore. This legend, obviously, arose in the age of great discoveries. It is possible that its historical basis was the expedition of Vasco da Gama (1469-1524), who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1497. In the 17th century this legend was dated to several Dutch captains, which is reflected in its name.
seize the moment
The expression, apparently, goes back to Horace (“carpe diem” - “seize the day”, “take advantage of the day”).
Lion's share
The expression goes back to the fable of the ancient Greek fabulist Aesop "The Lion, the Fox and the Donkey", the plot of which - the division of prey among the animals - was used after him by Phaedrus, La Fontaine and other fabulists.
The moor has done his job, the moor can go
Quote from the drama by F. Schiller (1759 - 1805) "The Fiesco Conspiracy in Genoa" (1783). This phrase (d.3, yavl.4) is spoken by the Moor, who turned out to be unnecessary after he helped Count Fisco organize an uprising of the Republicans against the tyrant of Genoa, Doge Doria. This phrase has become a saying that characterizes a cynical attitude towards a person whose services are no longer needed.
Manna from heaven
According to the Bible, manna is the food that God sent to the Jews every morning from heaven when they went through the desert to the promised land (Exodus, 16, 14-16 and 31).
Disservice
The expression arose from the fable of I. A. Krylov "The Hermit and the Bear" (1808).
Honeymoon
The idea that the happiness of the first stage of marriage is quickly replaced by the bitterness of disappointment, figuratively expressed in Eastern folklore, was used by Voltaire for his philosophical novel Zadig, or Fate (1747), in the 3rd chapter of which he writes: the first month of marriage, as described in the Book of Zend, is the honeymoon, and the second is the sagebrush month.
We have a road for young people everywhere
Quote from "Song of the Motherland" in the film "Circus" (1936), text by V.I. Lebedev-Kumach, music by I.O. Dunaevsky.
Silent means consent
The expression of the Pope (1294-1303) Boniface VIII in one of his messages included in canon law (a set of decrees of church authority). This expression goes back to Sophocles (496-406 BC), in whose tragedy “The Trachinian Women” it is said: “Don’t you understand that by silence you agree with the accuser?”
Flour Tantalum
In Greek mythology, Tantalus, the king of Phrygia (also called the king of Lydia), was a favorite of the gods, who often invited him to their feasts. But, proud of his position, he offended the gods, for which he was severely punished. According to Homer ("Odyssey"), his punishment was that, thrown into Tartarus (hell), he always experiences unbearable pangs of thirst and hunger; he stands up to his neck in water, but the water recedes from him as soon as he bows his head to drink; branches with luxurious fruits hang over him, but as soon as he stretches out his hands to them, the branches deviate. Hence the expression "Tantal's torment" arose, which means: unbearable torment due to the inability to achieve the desired goal, despite its proximity.
On the seventh sky
The expression, meaning the highest degree of joy, happiness, goes back to the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who in the essay “On the Sky” explains the structure of the heavenly vault. He believed that the sky consists of seven motionless crystal spheres, on which the stars and planets are fixed. The seven heavens are mentioned in various places in the Qur'an: for example, it is said that the Qur'an itself was brought by an angel from the seventh heaven.
I don't want to study, I want to get married
Mitrofanushka's words from D. I. Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" (1783), d.3, yavl. 7.
New is well forgotten old
In 1824, the memoirs of the milliner Marie Antoinette, Mademoiselle Bertin, were published in France, in which she said these words about the queen's old dress she had renovated (in fact, her memoirs are fake, their author is Jacques Pesche). This idea was accepted as new, too, only because it was well forgotten. Already Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) said that "there is no new custom that is not old." This quote from Chaucer was popularized by Walter Scott's The Folk Songs of Southern Scotland.
Nick down
In this expression, the word "nose" has nothing to do with the organ of smell. "Nose" was called a commemorative plaque, or a tag for records. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried with them such boards and sticks, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notches were made as a keepsake.
Break a leg
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of the hunt can be jinxed. Feather in the language of hunters means a bird, fluff - animals. In ancient times, a hunter going fishing received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the hunting pit!” To which the miner, in order not to jinx it, also replied: “To hell!”. And both were sure that the evil spirits, invisibly present at this dialogue, would be satisfied and leave behind, would not plot during the hunt.
Beat the thumbs
What are "backcloths", who and when "beats" them? For a long time handicraftsmen have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To cut a spoon, it was necessary to chip off a chock - a baklusha - from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing buckwheat: it was an easy, trifling matter that did not require special skills. Cooking such chocks was called “beating bucks”. From here, from the mockery of the masters over the auxiliary workers - "bucketers", our saying went.
About dead or good or nothing
An expression frequently quoted in Latin, "De mortuis nil nisi bene" or "De mortuis aut bene aut nihil," seems to come from Diogenes Laertes (3rd century AD): "Life, Doctrine, and Opinions famous philosophers”, which contains the saying of one of the “seven wise men” - Chilo (VI century BC): “Do not slander about the dead”.
O holy simplicity!
This expression is attributed to the leader of the Czech national movement Jan Hus (1369-1415). Sentenced by a church council as a heretic to be burned, he allegedly uttered these words at the stake when he saw that some old woman (according to another version - a peasant woman) in ingenuous religious zeal threw the brushwood she brought into the fire of the fire. However, Hus's biographers, based on eyewitness accounts of his death, deny the fact that he uttered this phrase. The ecclesiastical writer Turanius Rufinus (c. 345-410), in his continuation of Eusebius' History of the Church, reports that the expression "holy simplicity" was uttered at the First Council of Nicaea (325) by one of the theologians. This expression is often used in Latin: "O sancta simplicitas!".
An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
An expression from the Bible, the formula of the law of retribution: “A fracture for a fracture, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth: as he did damage to the human body, so it must be done to him” (Leviticus, 24, 20; about the same - Exodus, 21, 24; Deuteronomy 19:21).
From great to funny one step
This phrase was often repeated by Napoleon during his flight from Russia in December 1812 to his ambassador in Warsaw de Pradt, who told about it in the book "History of the Embassy to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw" (1816). Its primary source is the expression of the French writer Jean-Francois Marmontel (1723-1799) in the fifth volume of his works (1787): "In general, the funny comes into contact with the great."
Language will bring to Kyiv
In 999, a certain Kyivian Nikita Shchekomyaka got lost in the boundless, then Russian, steppe and ended up among the Polovtsians. When the Polovtsy asked him: Where are you from, Nikita? He answered that he was from the rich and beautiful city of Kiev, and he described the wealth and beauty of his native city to the nomads in such a way that the Polovtsian Khan Nunchak attached Nikita by the tongue to the tail of his horse, and the Polovtsians went to fight and rob Kiev. So Nikita Shchekomyaka got home with the help of his tongue.
Balloons
1812. When the French burned Moscow and were left without food in Russia, they came to Russian villages and asked for Sherami food, like give me. So the Russians began to call them that. (one of the hypotheses).
bastard
This is an idiomatic word. There is such a river Voloch, when the fishermen sailed with their catch, they said ours from Volochi came. There are several more tomological meanings of this word. To drag - to collect, drag. It is from them that the word originated. But it has become abusive not long ago. This is the merit of 70 years in the CPSU.
Know all the ins and outs
The expression is associated with an old torture, in which the accused were driven under the nails with needles or nails, seeking a confession.
Oh, you are heavy, Monomakh's hat!
A quote from A. S. Pushkin's tragedy "Boris Godunov", the scene "The Tsar's Chambers" (1831), Boris's monologue (Monomakh in Greek is a wrestler; a nickname that was attached to the names of some Byzantine emperors. In ancient Russia, this nickname was assigned to Grand Duke Vladimir (beginning of the 12th century), from which the Moscow tsars originated. Monomakh's cap is the crown with which the Moscow tsars were crowned to the kingdom, a symbol of royal power). The above quotation characterizes some difficult situation.
Plato is my friend but the truth is dearer
The Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) in his work "Phaedo" attributes to Socrates the words "Following me, think less about Socrates, and more about the truth." Aristotle in his work "Nicomachean Ethics", arguing with Plato and referring to him, writes: "Let friends and truth be dear to me, but duty commands me to give preference to truth." Luther (1483-1546) says: “Plato is my friend, Socrates is my friend, but the truth should be preferred” (“On the Enslaved Will”, 1525). The expression "Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas" - "Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer", formulated by Cervantes in the 2nd part, ch. 51 Don Quixote novels (1615).
Dancing to someone else's tune
The expression is used in the sense: to act not according to one's own will, but according to the arbitrariness of another. It goes back to the Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC), who in the 1st book of his “History” tells: when the Persian king Cyrus conquered the Medes, the Greeks of Asia Minor, whom he had previously tried in vain to win over to his side, expressed their readiness obey him, but under certain conditions. Then Cyrus told them the following fable: “One flutist, seeing fish in the sea, began to play the flute, expecting that they would come out to him on land. Deceived in hope, he took the net, threw it over and pulled out a lot of fish. Seeing the fish fighting in the nets, he said to them: “Stop dancing; when I played the flute, you didn't want to come out and dance." This fable is attributed to Aesop (VI century BC).
After the rain on Thursday
Rusichi - the most ancient ancestors of Russians - honored among their gods the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week, Thursday, was dedicated to him (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans, Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Perun offered prayers for rain in a drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on "his day" - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying “After the rain on Thursday” began to apply to everything that is not known when it will be fulfilled.
Get into a loop
In dialects, binding is a fish trap woven from branches. And, as in any trap, being in it is an unpleasant business. Beluga roar
Beluga roar
Mute like a fish - you have known this for a long time. And suddenly roar beluga? It turns out that we are not talking about a beluga here, but a beluga whale, as the polar dolphin is called. Here he is really roaring very loudly.
Success is never blamed
These words are attributed to Catherine II, who allegedly put it this way when A.V. Suvorov was brought to court martial for the assault on Turtukai in 1773, undertaken by him contrary to the orders of Field Marshal Rumyantsev. However, the story about Suvorov's arbitrary actions and about bringing him to trial is refuted by serious researchers.
Know yourself
According to the legend reported by Plato in the Protagoras dialogue, the seven wise men of ancient Greece (Thales, Pittacus, Byant, Solon, Cleobulus, Mison and Chilo), having come together in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, wrote: "Know thyself." The idea of self-knowledge was explained and spread by Socrates. This expression is often used in the Latin form: nosce te ipsum.
rare bird
This expression (lat. rara avis) in the meaning of “rare creature” is first found in the satires of Roman poets, for example, in Juvenal (mid. I century - after 127 AD): “A rare bird on earth, sort of like black Swan".
Born to crawl cannot fly
Quote from the "Song of the Falcon" by M. Gorky.
smoke rocker
In old Rus', the huts were often heated in black: the smoke did not escape through the chimney (it did not exist at all), but through a special window or door. And the shape of the smoke predicted the weather. There is a column of smoke - it will be clear, dragged - to fog, rain, rocker - to the wind, bad weather, and even a storm.
Out of court
This is a very old sign: both in the house and in the courtyard (in the yard), only the animal that the brownie likes will live. And if you don't like it, you'll get sick, get sick, or run away. What to do - not to the court!
Hair on end
But what kind of rack is this? It turns out that to stand on end is to stand at attention, on your fingertips. That is, when a person is frightened, his hair stands on tiptoe on his head.
Throw on the rampage
Rozhon is a sharp pole. And in some Russian provinces, the four-pronged pitchfork was called that. Indeed, you don’t really trample on them!
From ship to ball
An expression from "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin, chapter 8, stanza 13 (1832):
And travel to him
Like everything in the world, tired,
He returned and got
Like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball.
This expression is characterized by an unexpected, abrupt change in position, circumstances.
Combine pleasant with useful
An expression from the "Art of Poetry" by Horace, who says about the poet: "The one who combines the pleasant with the useful is worthy of all approval."
Wash your hands
Used in the meaning: to be removed from responsibility for something. Arising from the Gospel: Pilate washed his hands in front of the crowd, handing over Jesus to them for execution, and said: “I am not guilty of the blood of this righteous man” (Mat. 27:24). The ritual washing of hands, which serves as evidence of the non-participation of the person washing to something, is described in the Bible (Deuteronomy, 21, 6-7).
Vulnerable point
It arose from the myth about the only vulnerable spot on the hero's body: Achilles' heel, a spot on Siegfried's back, etc. Used in the meaning: the weak side of a person, deeds.
Fortune. Wheel of Fortune
Fortune - in Roman mythology, the goddess of blind chance, happiness and misfortune. Depicted with a blindfold, standing on a ball or wheel (emphasizing her constant variability), and holding a steering wheel in one hand, and a cornucopia in the other. The steering wheel indicated that fortune controls the fate of a person.
upside down
Tormashit - in many Russian provinces this word meant to walk. So, upside down - it's just walkers upside down, upside down.
Grated roll
By the way, in fact there was such a kind of bread - grated kalach. The dough for it was kneaded, kneaded, rubbed for a very long time, which made the kalach unusually magnificent. And there was also a proverb - do not grate, do not mint, there will be no kalach. That is, a person is taught by trials and tribulations. The expression came from a proverb, and not from the name of bread.
Bring to light
Once they said to bring the fish to clean water. And if the fish, then everything is clear: in the thickets of reeds or where snags drown in the silt, a fish caught on a hook can easily cut off the line and leave. And in clear water, above a clean bottom - let him try. So is an exposed swindler: if all the circumstances are clear, he cannot escape retribution.
And there is a hole in the old woman
And what kind of hole (mistake, oversight by Ozhegov and Efremova) is this, a hole (i.e. flaw, defect) or what? The meaning, therefore, is this: And a wise person can make mistakes. Interpretation from the lips of a connoisseur of ancient Russian literature: And the old woman is in trouble Poruha (Ukrainian f. colloquial-decreased 1 - Harm, destruction, damage; 2 - Trouble). In a specific sense, porukha (other Russian) is rape. Those. everything is possible.
He who laughs last laughs best
The expression belongs to the French writer Jean-Pierre Florian (1755-1794), who used it in the fable "Two Peasants and a Cloud".
End justifies the means
The idea of this expression, which is the basis of the morality of the Jesuits, was borrowed by them from the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679).
Man to man wolf
An expression from the "Donkey Comedy" by the ancient Roman writer Plautus (c. 254-184 BC).
In our today's publication, we will talk about winged expressions, aphorisms, proverbs and sayings, as a heritage, if not more precisely, as an anthology left to us by a wise people, our ancestors, who with love and care passed on and preserved that knowledge and philosophy of perception life itself. Proverbs and sayings seem to us forgotten in our school textbooks, but this is far from being the case. They are a reflection of our life. So, let's take a closer look at what winged expressions are. They - regardless of the historical era or political situation, and, of course, this is not a tribute to fashion.
Ancient Rome
Before we bring to your attention winged expressions and aphorisms, we note the following. The civilization of Ancient Rome left a huge legacy to the world: parliament, church, prison, hospital, maternity hospitals became the pillars on which the world rests.
The Romans formed the structure upon which modern society exists. The grains planted in the fertile land of civilization gave rise, and the huge branched giant trees that grew in their place still bloom and bear fruit to this day. These services to humanity, as you can see, were not limited to the list of popular expressions in Latin. Of course, there have been modifications, but the salt itself, the essence has remained unchanged. And it is not surprising that popular expressions in Latin are relevant to this day.
Semantic meanings of Latin expressions
So, what are winged expressions? These are stable figurative phraseological units that have entered everyday vocabulary from historical or literary sources, while becoming widespread among the masses. Myths, journalism and speeches of prominent people of their era became the source of semantic expressions in Latin. A number of popular expressions of this kind have long lost touch with the original source, but are used in every period of history in relation to certain events.
A tuo lare incipe, - so they said in ancient Rome, or "start from your home." Yes, these words were spoken many centuries ago, but they are still relevant and important to this day. Wise words, an axiom spelled out by life itself, words with which it is difficult to disagree, because everything starts from the house of the person himself, where not only order and cleanliness should reign, love, respect should flourish, and when everything is exactly like this in a person’s life, then he can give the world that light, that purity of soul and thought, which he is.
Consider such a Latin catch phrase as imago animi vunus est, which means "the world is a mirror of the soul", which seems to continue the thought of the first expression. The world can be beautiful and at the same time can become destructive and sinisterly cruel. How does this happen? The answer lies precisely in this expression, in other words, we can say: what is the soul, black or piercing white, then such will be the world. Right actions will lead to good, cruel or thoughtless - to his ruin.
Manifestum non eget probatione. Let's translate such a Latin popular expression as "the obvious does not need proof." Note that these irrefutable and certainly wise thoughts were formulated several thousand years ago!
So, let's continue our list, revealing the topic: "What are winged expressions?".
In angustiis amici apparent. Let's translate this expression as "friends are known in trouble." You have heard an expression of this kind more than once or twice and you know what it means. We learn the meaning of friendship literally from the first years of our lives. The following expression will also be devoted to the theme of friendship: Vitae sal - amicitia. Translated, this phrase means: "Friendship is the salt of life." In this context, the word "salt" does not mean a food additive in the cooking process, but something important, located inside, in the center, which is the basis of the basics.
This expression can really be safely attributed to catchphrases, thanks to the Soviet film "D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers", where the motto of the magnificent four "one for all and all for one" is the same Latin expression formulated in far, far away times, unus pro omnibus omnespro uno.
Learn and conquer!
Knowledge is power, moreover, it is a well-known fact, which does not make sense to refute. Knowledge is exactly what makes us who we are. In addition, we note that we should not stop there, because a person is arranged in such a way that his skill, talent or some kind of ability is formed, improved, polished only when he constantly works and learns. Only having received the fruits of his labor, he is able to feel that indescribable feeling of pleasure, which is incomparable with anything that makes him a person and will allow him to take his rightful place in this life.
So, let's continue the list in Latin of popular expressions: Veni, vidi, vici. "I came, I saw, I conquered." What is not a motto for a young purposeful person? Or this expression: Mens sana in corpore sano, which means "a healthy mind in a healthy body." This expression was the slogan and motto of the competitions of more than one generation in our country, and today it has not lost all relevance, and we are not afraid to say that it will not lose it for many years to come.
There is another wonderful expression that I would like to remind the general public: Medicus curat, natura sanat, which means "the doctor heals, nature heals." In this context, the meaning boils down to the following, that the help provided by a doctor to a person will heal his body, and nature will complete this process in a complex way, that is, in different ways, and the body and soul of a person, thanks to the sun, air and all favorable factors, will be healed completely .
Popular expressions in Latin delight, amaze to the depths of the soul, and the fact that they have passed through millennia and have not lost that vital relevance causes a deep sense of respect for those people who left us the “alphabet” of life, which allows us to develop, and most importantly, understand our difficult, but such an amazing world: Utile dulci miscere - "combine business with pleasure." And, finally, it is still worth saying that "times are changing, and we are changing with them." Or: Tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis.
Aphorisms as world history
An aphorism is a complete concise thought that is easy to remember and has a deep meaning, it has an author and, of course, it is often repeated, sometimes from generation to generation, by people. Aphorisms are devoted to each topic, each area of activity, phenomena, professions, and relations of people. From century to century, reading the aphorisms of people, politicians, philosophers, poets, musicians, you understand that, despite the inevitable changes in the very course of life, its very essence remains unchanged. So let's look at a few examples.
Ivan Andreevich Krylov is a famous fabulist who, with his work, gave his descendants an incredible number of aphorisms and catch phrases. "You are gray, and I, buddy, are gray." Just one line, but how much sense in it! In other words, you can say this: "You are cunning and resourceful, but I, friend, are wise, wisdom always takes precedence over deceit." Or let's give another aphorism as an example: "It is better to let him press his shoe on his leg than his hand - a vile person." Or here is a rather memorable aphorism: “If they spit in your back, then you are going ahead” (Confucius).
Proverbs and sayings
Proverbs and sayings occupy a special niche in our heritage, firstly, as we have already noted, this is the heritage, but already of our native people, which is both the author and the bearer. Secondly, unlike Latin expressions and aphorisms, which we can begin to understand, having reached, say, a certain age, our fairy tales, cartoons, and poems are simply permeated and saturated with proverbs and sayings.
That is, all this kids learn at an early age, learn to understand and remember them, moreover, even use them in everyday speech. In this case, our parents, educators and teachers have a great influence. So, here are some well-known popular expressions, proverbs and sayings: “If you hurry, you will make people laugh”, “You can’t even pull a fish out of the pond without labor”, “What you sow, you will reap”, “What is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an ax.
Conclusion
In conclusion, summing up what has been said, we note: the topic of what winged expressions and aphorisms are is infinitely extensive, interesting and informative not only for the younger audience, but also for adults. And if sometimes something seems incomprehensible or even uninteresting to children, then, given a certain lack of life experience, this should be considered normal. But already as an adult, you will not only understand them, but also empathize with what you read, moreover, many of them can turn out to be the best adviser in life at the right time, at the right moment. What are winged expressions? It's light, it's a gift, it's experience, it's truth.
