Why do I want to take an adopted child.

Until now, in our country, despite the efforts of individuals and the state, the number of orphans has not decreased. Every day, refuseniks from maternity hospitals enter children's homes, and children arrive in orphanages whose presence in their family is life-threatening. A state institution is a temporary measure, but in no way a way out of the plight of a small person, from whom the closest people have turned away. A child cannot grow up happy outside the family, which means that more than anything he needs new, loving, parents. In such situations, the only effective measure is the foster family. We are talking about the collective image of all families that carry out, take custody, take care of, or resort to any other form of placement of the child in the family.

What is a foster family

The following forms of foster families can be distinguished:

Adoption - the child is adopted into the family as a native by blood. He becomes a full member of the family with all rights and obligations.
Guardianship - the child is taken into the family with the aim of upbringing and education, as well as to protect his interests. He can keep, keeps his name, his conscientious parents do not receive release from duties on his maintenance. Guardianship is established for children under 14 years old, and from 14 to 18 years old guardianship is issued.
Patronage - a child is brought up in the family on the basis of a tripartite agreement between the guardianship authorities, the foster family and the institution for orphans.
Adoptive family - the child is brought up at home with the guardian on the basis of an agreement that determines the period of transfer of the child to the adoptive family.

The experience of adopting orphans exists, and it is successful. However, the ability to accept a child is not given to everyone - it is necessary to carefully listen to yourself, try to find answers to internal questions. If you can’t make a decision on your own, you can always talk with a psychologist. It will help you to “look” inside yourself and understand what exactly you need from life. Perhaps this is not at all a help to the child, but a desire to satisfy certain personal ambitions. In this case, you should not rely on adopted children - they are not at all obliged to live up to your expectations.

The foster family, like any other, with the advent of the child may face a number of problems. The ability to solve them without loss largely depends on the willingness to accept a small person and on the competence of adoptive parents. The more clearly people understand what they are doing when they decide to raise an adopted child, the better. Of course, in most cases it will be more difficult for adoptive parents to cope with their functions than for relatives. The reason is simple - children who survive the tragedy (whether it is the death of loved ones, the destruction of the family or the deprivation of mom and dad parental rights) are experiencing a deep emotional drama. No less damage to the children's psyche is caused by staying in an orphanage, where there is not a single native person. There is no one to count on and no one to share the experience with. In children's institutions there are only people who do their job. Even if they do it flawlessly, replacing parental love will not happen.

Adaptation of a child in a foster family

Adaptation in the family, on average, lasts up to a year and is quite difficult. Diseases can aggravate, unexpected tears and tantrums may arise, denial of everyone and everything (“I do not want”, “I will not”, “leave”) and even aggression appear. All this is natural and will surely pass over time subject to the literacy of the parents and their sincere love.

Adaptation of a child in a foster family can be divided into several stages:

The preparation stage, when the child is only visiting new parents, comes to visit before the final reception of the baby in the family.
During this period, foster parents try to make the child comfortable in the house, give gifts, praise and encourage him in every possible way. The child is trying to please new parents. It is very important not to rush things and not put pressure on the child to call his parents “mom” and “dad”.
Stage of crisis, when the child begins to behave completely different from what adoptive parents are used to observing.
The process is natural and should be considered as the proper development of relationships. If a child shows his bad sides to new parents, this is a sign of a trusting relationship.
Stage of adaptation, when the child begins to feel at home in the new family.
His appearance and behavior are changing, the baby becomes independent and more self-confident. It should be remembered that any change in the family can cause psychological trauma to the child.
Stage of stabilization, when the family finally becomes a family.
The adopted child is calm, although memories of a past life may disturb him, and the adoptive parents are satisfied with the condition of their family.

The best way to “lay straw” in advance is to get contacts of the necessary specialists: doctors, neurologists, psychologists in advance, before the child arrives in the family. And, not embarrassed, at the first difficulties, turn to them.

How to become foster parents

What children are transferred to a foster family:

children left without parental care, who are in institutions of social protection of the population, medical treatment, educational or other similar institutions;
children whose parents due to health reasons cannot take care of their upbringing;
children whose parents are deprived or limited in parental rights are declared incompetent by the court or convicted;
children whose parents are unknown;
orphans

The algorithm of creating a foster family

The candidate for adoptive parents submits to the Department of Guardianship and Trustees a set of documents according to the list with the application for issuing an opinion on the possibility of being an adoptive parent.
Specialists of the Office within 3 days from the date of submission of the above documents conduct a survey of the living conditions of the candidate's adoptive parents and the inspection report within 3 days is approved by the head of the guardianship authority. The inspection certificate is issued in two copies, one of which is sent within 3 days to a citizen who has expressed a desire to adopt a child into the family. The act of inspection may be challenged by a citizen in court.
Within 10 days from the day the documents were submitted, a decision is made to appoint a foster parent or the candidate to be a foster parent, on the basis of which a referral to an organization for orphans and children left without parental care is issued to get acquainted with the child, his personal file and medical conclusion about his state of health.
In the case of a positive decision, the candidate writes a statement of intent to adopt the child into the family.
The organization for orphans and children left without parental care, as the legal representative sends the child for a commission examination of his health condition (as an adoption) and, together with the medical certificate, with his consent to transfer the child to a foster family, transfers to the Office a package of documents for a child.
The department is preparing a normative act on the possibility of transferring the child to foster care: on the appointment of a guardian (adoptive parent), who is acting on a fee, on the need to pay money for remuneration due to the adoptive parent, and for the maintenance of the child.
The Office concludes with the adoptive parent an agreement on the transfer of the child to the adoptive family and, in addition to the agreement, prepares individual conditions for the transfer of the child, the certificate of the adoptive parent and presents the instruction sheet with the documents of the child.
If the candidate is from another municipal unit, the personal file is transferred to the municipality at the place of actual residence of the adoptive family for the purpose of paying cash and monitoring the conditions of the upbringing and maintenance of the child.
Foster parents are assigned monthly cash payments for the maintenance of children transferred to foster care, the size of which in 2013 was 6543 rubles. 80 kopecks., And a monetary reward due to the foster parent, in the amount of 2500 rubles (if the family brings up a child under 3 years of age, and a disabled child, then a surcharge to the monetary reward of 20% is assigned).
Pupils are paid compensation for the passage of 310 rubles.88 kopecks. When transferring the child to the family, the foster parent is paid a lump sum in the amount of about 12,000 rubles.

How to adopt a child?

Requirements for foster parents

Adoptive parents (parent) may be adults of both sexes, with the exception of:

persons recognized by the court as legally incompetent or partially capable;
persons deprived of court parental rights or limited by court parental rights;
suspended from the duties of a guardian (trustee) for improper performance of the duties assigned to him by law;
former adoptive parents, if the adoption is canceled due to their fault;
persons with diseases in the presence of which it is impossible to take a child (children) into a foster family.

Foster parents are legal representatives of the foster child, protect their rights and interests, including in court, without special powers.

Persons wishing to take their child (s) into foster care shall submit to the guardianship authority at their place of residence a request to give an opinion on the possibility of being foster parents.

The following documents are attached to the application:

A certificate from the place of work indicating the position and size of the average wage for 12 months, or another document confirming the income of citizens;
An extract from the house book from the place of residence or another document confirming the right to use the premises or the ownership of the premises, a copy of the financial personal account from the place of residence;
A certificate of the internal affairs bodies confirming the absence of a criminal record or criminal prosecution for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the person (except for illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, slander and insult), sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the person, against the family and minors, public health and public morality, as well as against public safety;
Medical report on the state of health;
Copy of marriage certificate (if the citizen is married);
Autobiography;
A document confirming the availability of housing for a person (s) who wants to take the child (s) into foster care (a copy of the financial and personal account from the place of residence and an extract from the house book (apartment) book for tenants of the premises in the state and municipal housing stock or a document confirming ownership of the dwelling);
Written consent of adult family members, taking into account the views of children over 10 years of age, living together, to receive a child in the family;
A copy of a certificate or other document of training (except for close relatives of children, as well as persons who are or were guardians (trustees) of children and who have not been suspended from the performance of their duties, and persons who were or are adoptive parents regarding whose adoption has not been canceled).

The first thing that everyone who thinks about adoption should do is discuss their desire with the closest people: spouse and children. By the way, the widespread stereotype that only families who are deprived of the opportunity to give birth to their own children should raise foster children is not only far from the truth, but also harmful. On the contrary, families with children already have parenting experience and imagine how difficult and laborious it is to raise children. But back to the family members. Only if consensus is reached, and there are no those who are “categorically against” in the house, can we proceed to action.

The second step is to teach foster parents at school. Finding the nearest of them is very simple: just contact the guardianship authority at the place of residence. There they will direct. On average, classes last two months and this is not only a necessary, but also a pleasant stage on the way to placing a child in his family. A few weeks before graduation, you can safely begin to collect documents. With intensive immersion in this issue (if both spouses take leave for this purpose), the procedures will take one to two weeks.

Medical documents have been drawn up, a certificate of graduation from foster parents has been received - now is the time to return to custody. A specialist will inspect the premises of potential adoptive parents, help fill out questionnaires, write an application and prepare other necessary documents. After that, you will have to wait two to three weeks for a decision. An important point - future adoptive parents should already at this stage choose the form of placement of the child in their family - adoption, guardianship, foster family, and so on. The complexity of this procedure is that it is impossible to predict in advance what status a child you will meet and love will have. If, for example, only “adoption”, you can no longer take him into custody. Therefore, consult with a specialist on what is best to do.

Finding a child is the most difficult and lengthy stage. There are many difficulties, disappointments and worries along this path. Despite the fact that in Russia there are about 600,000 children who live without a family, often children's institutions are in no hurry to part with them. And very often, especially when looking for a child under 3 years old, you will hear from guardianship specialists “we have no children”. Why this happens is the topic of a separate article. The main thing is do not stop and do not despair. Do you have children. Do not limit the search to only your place of residence - potential adoptive parents in Russia have the right to search for a child throughout the Russian Federation. With perseverance and the belief that you are doing the most important thing in life, your baby will certainly be found. And you will be together.

Experience of foster parents

One of the most important moments of successfully passing difficulties in raising foster children is communication with other parents who are in a similar life situation. The exchange of experience and the feeling “I'm not alone with my problems” always gives strength and helps to really look at things. Ideally, it is necessary to find an organization that helps the device of children and at the same time ensures the subsequent support of the family. We are talking about all kinds of non-profit foundations, structures and communities of foster parents. Communication with like-minded people is very important - both at the stage of making a decision, searching for a child, and at the very beginning of a life together. However, in the future, do not interrupt the relationship. For adopted children, this is also a unique opportunity to feel at ease and understand that the most beloved ones and loved ones are not necessarily those who gave birth to you. But be sure to those who love, who every day, from morning to night near.

Try not to be guided by the opinion of people who themselves are not adoptive parents: they have no real idea of \u200b\u200borphans.
Do not hesitate to conduct the necessary medical and psychological examination of the child before making a decision. In any case, it is necessary: \u200b\u200byou need to clearly understand what and how to treat.
It does not hurt all the time to remember that genes form a temperament, character, are responsible for health, but not for the fate of a person. Criminals and drug addicts are the result of education and the surrounding society.
Seek help from psychologists and lawyers. Specialists consult free of charge in the centers of social assistance to families and children.
Do not hurry. If in doubt, uncertainty, or family problems, wait. Solve your questions and continue to communicate with other adoptive parents.
If you cannot “recognize” your child, use your sense of smell. Smells are clearly triggered at an unconscious level, prompting "my man" or not.
Do not try to pre-imagine the image of the child: everything will be completely different from what you expected. And not even as other adoptive parents told you - each case is individual.
A child without parents has a lot of hard and bad things in the past. He will get rid of this load gradually, with the help of a new family. Do not rush things - it takes time.
Do not expect instant love from an adopted child. The important thing is that you have already changed for the better the life of a small person.
Let your child be yourself. Observe his interests, talents and help consolidate them. Let the baby grow happy.

Diana Mashkova

Sooner or later, the vast majority of people have a desire to have children. However, alas, not all people are capable of fertilization, conception, and the birth of a child. But do not despair - physiological infertility is not a reason to refuse the opportunity to hear "Mom and Dad", sounding at your address. A foster child can be your own if you want to.

In Russia, there are several types of transferring a child to a new family: adoption, guardianship, and others. This article will talk about such a form as a host family. A similar form of family education arose in Russia not so long ago - a little over ten years ago. And so many people do not have enough information or do not know about it at all.

But it is precisely this form of upbringing of the adopted child that is the most accessible for the average family. The conditions under which it is possible to take a child into a foster family are milder than during adoption. First of all, the guardianship authorities take into account the decency and trustworthiness of the family, its desire to have children, and only then factors such as:

The health status of the adoptive parents.
The salary of the adoptive parents.
Housing conditions of foster parents.

For the establishment of a foster family, it is necessary that the foster parents and local guardianship and trusteeship bodies conclude an agreement on the transfer of the child to the family.

Foster Family Agreement

The contract is drawn up in a strictly established form. It stipulates such nuances as:

The term for which the child is transferred to foster care.
Those conditions in which the child will live, study and be brought up.
All those responsibilities that are placed on the shoulders of the adoptive parents.
All rights of adoptive parents.
Those responsibilities that are assumed by the guardianship and trusteeship in relation to the family that has adopted the child.

The contract is drawn up in duplicate and signed by two parties - a representative of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities and one of the adoptive parents. One copy is stored in custody, the second is given to the hands of the foster family.

The contract is valid for the entire period for which it is concluded. However, there are a number of specific cases in which the contract may be terminated prematurely. Such cases include:

Serious illness

A disease of one of the adoptive parents, which does not allow to properly perform their duties in relation to the child.

Changing the marital status of a foster family

In the event that the couple divorces, the agreement on raising a child in a foster family by decision of the Board of Trustees may be canceled. When divorced, foster parents must notify the Board of Trustees about this fact within three days.

Change in the financial situation of the family

Of course, with a slight change in financial situation for the worse, the guardianship authorities will not insist on the removal of the child from the foster family. However, in the event that the adoptive parents lose their jobs or housing, the Board of Trustees will really assess whether the adoptive parents can properly support the minor child.

Personal conflicts between adoptive children and parents

Of course, the process of adaptation of a child in a foster family very rarely proceeds smoothly, without any roughness. However, if conflicts between the child and the foster parents occur regularly, are violent, guardianship and trusteeship authorities may raise the issue of premature termination of the contract.

Conflicts between children in a foster home

All of the above applies equally to conflicts between children in the family. If parents are unable to stabilize the psychological situation in the family and create a favorable microclimate, the contract may be terminated prematurely.

Other adverse factors

The occurrence of any other adverse factors that impede the normal upbringing and development of the child in the foster family can also lead to termination of the contract ahead of schedule.

Return of the adopted child to his biological parents

Very rarely, but still there are situations when people deprived of parental rights are restored to their rights in relation to the child. This happens if the parents begin to lead a normal life, create favorable conditions for the life of the child, and they manage to convince the court of this, the child can be returned to them. Accordingly, the contract with the foster family is terminated ahead of schedule.

Adoption of a foster child

Parents accepting a child to raise with their family should be well aware of the fact that the adoptive family is not an adoption. And the data of the child are in the general database of children to be adopted. And it may happen that a foster son or daughter who has become your family will be attracted to some other married couple. And if they decide to adopt a child, the guardianship authorities will break the contract.

Government payments to a foster family

The state provides support to such foster families. At that moment, when a foster family is being created, a lump sum payment is made from the regional budget in the amount of 10,000 rubles for each of the children. Such payment is made only once.

Further, throughout the term of the contract for the maintenance of each of the adopted children, a certain amount is paid. The amount of payments is established by the administration of each Federal District of Russia. This money is intended for purchase:

Stationery
Household goods
Clothes and shoes
For a partial payment of utilities

In addition, all foster families, which include three or more children, both foster and their own, are entitled to all the benefits that are provided for by Russian law for large families. The foster family of payments should begin to receive immediately as soon as the child is transferred to education.

Wages of foster parents

Another feature of the foster family is the fact that foster parents receive wages for their work on raising a child. Its size varies and depends on facts such as:

From how many children were taken into a family upbringing.
From what is the state of health of adopted children.

Today, for two adopted children, parents receive 4 minimum salaries, for three or more - 5 minimum salaries.

In the event that the adopted child has not reached the age of three, or has any deviations in both mental and physical development, the wages of the adoptive parents will increase by another 30%.

Responsibilities of foster parents

When deciding to bring an adopted child into their family, parents should carefully consider everything and take this step only consciously, and not be guided only by a burst of noble emotions. After all, this is not about any toys or things that can be put on the shelf as unnecessary. The first emotional impulse passes quickly, and the little man and you live side by side for a very long time, and possibly all your life.

Taking a child into the family, parents assume a number of responsibilities. For example, the following:

Engage in raising a child.
Carefully monitor his state of health.
Create a family-friendly psychological atmosphere in the family.
Keep track of your child’s learning process.
Protect the rights of the child and represent his interests, including in court.

However, as a rule, if the parents love their adopted child, the performance of these duties does not burden them. Otherwise, it’s not worth it to start an entire epic with the creation of a foster family, otherwise this idea will turn into a headache and will bring nothing but disappointment.

Rights of foster parents

However, in addition to a number of responsibilities, adoptive parents also have rights:

Adopt a foster child

Any married couple who meets certain requirements has the right to file an application with the guardianship and trusteeship authorities about the desire to create a foster family.

The right to personal upbringing of the child

The rights to raise an adopted child are exactly the same as the rights to raise their own. No one has the right to indicate to foster parents according to what scheme to raise a baby and in what ways, if only this upbringing does not harm the physical condition and psychological health of the child.

Eligibility for cash benefits

As already mentioned, any such family has the right to receive a monthly allowance for each adopted child.

Eligibility

There are a number of benefits that are required for any foster family. You can find a list of these benefits at your guardianship authority.

The right to free medicine

Despite the fact that foster parents cannot get a policy of compulsory medical insurance for a child, medical care for these children is also free. Guardianship and guardianship authorities should take care of obtaining the poles.

The right to pay

As already mentioned, all adoptive parents have the right to timely payment of their work in full.

The right to benefits provided by pension and labor laws
The right to an increase in seniority

According to Russian law, the total length of service includes the time during which parents take care of adopted children.

Foster Rights

Children adopted in foster care retain a number of rights, such as:

Right to Alimony

All children whose biological parents are deprived of parental rights retain the right to receive alimony, regardless of whether he is being raised in a foster family or not.

The right to a social family

A child who is being raised in a foster family has the right to receive a disability pension or loss of a breadwinner.

The right to use housing

The adopted child has the right to maintain the right of ownership to the housing owned by him or to the right to use it.

Right to keep in touch with relatives

In the event that the adoptive parents do not mind, the child can periodically meet and communicate with his blood relatives and biological parents.

To summarize

So, after reading this article, you have received the most complete information about this form of parenting, left without parental care, like a similar family. Carefully weigh the pros and cons. And who knows, perhaps it is just such a family that will make you feel like parents.

And remember that it is not so important - the child is adopted, taken into custody or adopted for foster care. The most important thing that is necessary for a happy joint future and a successful tandem “Parents - a child” is your complete understanding of the child, your willingness to accept him and, of course, the most important component of success is a huge and boundless love for the child!

Many couples dream of having a baby, but not everyone can do it. Therefore, they begin to think about adoption.

Adoption involves the formation of family ties between the child and his new parents, the emergence of responsibility, special rights and obligations.

A person who decides to pick up a child from an orphanage must be an accomplished person.

A potential adoptive parent must be aware that with the advent of a baby in his family, parents must bear responsibility all their lives.

Let us consider how to adopt a child from an orphanage in 2019, what requirements the legislation imposes on candidates, what are the responsibilities of the new family in relation to the adopted one.

Adoptive Requirements

Adoption is a long and complex process, which is not limited to paperwork in the bodies of guardianship and trusteeship (PLO). The adoption case must be considered in court.

The procedure, its main provisions are regulated by the Family Code (chapter 19). You can adopt children who are not yet 18 years old.

Who can take a child from an orphanage is regulated by article 127 of the RF IC:

Adopters have no age restrictions. The main thing is that they have good health, and they can provide their child with a material level.

The age difference between the new parents and the adopted should not be less than 16 years, but there are exceptions, and the court makes an individual decision in each case.

But if the adoptive parent is the spouse or spouse of the biological parent of the child, the age difference is not taken into account. An exception is also made for uncles, aunts of a child, other relatives and godparents.

Video: Terms of adoption of a child in Russia

The adoption candidate must be physically able to care for the child, take responsibility for the upbringing.

The candidate should not have the following diseases:

A person who wishes to adopt a child from an orphanage must support him.

Potential adoptive parents should have a regular income exceeding the cost of living for several people.

Usually, when making a positive decision on adoption, the court requires a higher level of income.

When submitting documents, the adoption candidate indicates all available sources of income.

As additional sources are considered: salary from the second place of work, proceeds from the lease of movable and immovable property, interest on deposits at the bank and borrowers.

People who dream of becoming parents are worried about what else they need to take their child from the orphanage. Potential candidates must have their own housing.

If the apartment is in a mortgage, this procedure usually does not interfere with the adoption of a child, but the total income, taking into account the deduction of the monthly mortgage payment, should be enough to support a minor from an orphanage. This item should be applied to other loans, loans.

The area should also be sufficient for all family members to live: it is important that the apartment has a place for sleep, games, training. A huge plus if there are schools and other educational institutions nearby.

Mandatory requirement - compliance with sanitary standards: cleanliness, lack of insects, rodents. People with chronic forms of infectious diseases should not live on the same living space as adopted children.

Persons of the same sex over 9 years old cannot live in the same room unless they are a married couple. If the adopted child is more than 9 years old, he should have a separate room. The same applies if a person adopts a brother or sister.

If a married couple decides on adoption and meets all the requirements, you should start by collecting documents. Future potential parents are also enrolled in courses of the School of foster parents.

Training takes about a month and a half, can be remote. The school is intended for adoptive candidates.

It is called upon to develop the key parental competencies that are necessary for the education of children transferred to the family of citizens. Information lectures are held, parents are also prepared psychologically.

It is not necessary to take courses if the child is adopted by his relatives, or persons who were once adoptive parents, and there was no cancellation of adoption.

We learn what documents are needed to adopt a child from an orphanage.

Potential adoptive parents should collect the following papers:

Documents must be prepared in duplicate (for the PLO and the court).

Video: Adoption Procedure

Guardianship and adoption bodies (PLO)

With a full package of documents, citizens who decide to adopt a child go to the PLO. After the paperwork is completed, potential parents expect a visit from the PLO staff home.

An act of inspection of housing conditions is being drawn up. The living space should be well-groomed, clean, cleaned.

Within 15 days, employees prepare an opinion. If the impression of citizens who wish to adopt a child is positive, they are recognized as candidates for adoptive parents.

If a refusal follows, it should be issued in the form of an official letter indicating the reason.

The search for a child can be conducted through the Federal Databank on Orphans (http://www.usynovite.ru/db/?p\u003d3&last-search) or the database of video profiles of orphans, also through the PLO at the place of residence or the Regional Operator of GCD about orphans.

In the database of the child can be found by region, gender, presence of relatives, year of birth, even name. A lot of profiles of children with the fifth and fourth health groups.

In OOP issued a referral to visit the child. The document is valid for 10 days.

The adoptive candidate may meet with one of the children. Has the right to talk with the child, get acquainted with his documents, confirm the fact of familiarization with the medical opinion on the state of health of the selected child.

If candidates want to see other children, they may receive a different direction.

If potential adoptive parents did not appear at the appointed time to meet the child twice without objective reasons, they will be excluded from the adoption process as irresponsible and unreliable people.

After choosing a child, candidates file a petition with the court asking them to let them adopt the child. The court shall render a decision no later than two months after the submission of the application.

Adoption is made by the court. Adoptive candidates submit an application with the following information:

All the same documents that were submitted to the PLO, as well as a document that confirms the registration of a person as a candidate for adoption, are attached to the application.

The case is considered at a closed court session in which the candidates themselves, PLO employees, the prosecutor, a child who has reached the age of 14, and his biological parents take part.

The rights and obligations of new parents are established from the moment the court decision comes into force. The court sends a copy of the decision to the registry office at the place of the decision within three days.

Adopters must personally pick up the baby from the child care institution, having presented the consent of the court, and register the adoption with the registry office.

It is preferable for a child in a family than in an orphanage, but it is often difficult for adoptive parents to prove their compliance with all requirements.

One of the families received approval from the PLO for adoption, and she chose a 9-year-old boy in the orphanage who had a good relationship with him.

The biological mother of the boy was invited to the court, who had previously served a sentence in prison, but after her release did not take part in the life of her child. The boy remained in the orphanage.

At the hearing, the mother repented and began to promise the court that she would take the child. The boy was confused, and the court did not give permission for adoption, and he was left in the orphanage.

Subsequently, it turned out that the mother did not have a fixed income and her living space, and the boy remained in the orphanage.

Often, decent and decent people who dream of becoming parents and adopting a baby are confronted with the formalities of the law and cannot fight them.

We learn how to take a child from an orphanage under guardianship.

Custody

An alternative to adoption is custody. The child is taken into the house as a foster child. Guardianship is established over children under 14 years of age, guardianship over children aged 14-18.

The guardian has almost all the same rights as the parents. But the guardianship authorities regularly monitor the conditions of his detention, upbringing, education.

Appointed for a term or indefinitely. Guardianship is often used as an intermediate form of adoption. The level of responsibility is high, but not complete.

Benefits:

the decision on guardianship is made by the head of local self-government;
they pay a monthly allowance to the guardian, help the guardian in organizing the education, rest, treatment of the child;
after 18 years, the foster home is allocated housing;
guardian requirements are less stringent.

Disadvantages:

the child may feel inferior due to incomplete belonging to the family of the guardian;
pLO staff may intervene;
an applicant for adoption may appear;
contacts with biological relatives of the child are possible;
it is difficult to change the name of the child, but the date of birth is not changed.

Future guardians turn to the PLO for registration of the opportunity to adopt a child for upbringing. Registration can take about three months.

With various forms of placement of the child, the adoptive parents and guardians have the same requirements for their state of health.

Candidates should not be previously deprived of parental rights or suspended from the duties of a guardian or adoptive parent through their fault.

Is it possible to take a child from the orphanage for the weekend?

Not all couples have the opportunity to adopt or adopt a child. Then in some cases it is allowed to pick up the child for a while.

The guest mode is also used to get to know the child whom the family wishes to adopt.

This arrangement is even easier and faster, but the guest mode is not recommended for children under adolescence. Upon returning to the orphanage, young children perceive it as if they were again abandoned.

Having been “visiting” once, children and even teenagers then wait for weeks and hope that they will return. “Guest mode” is not only an opportunity to temporarily live in a normal family, but also an emotional load on a child.

Young children get attached very quickly. And if they are constantly returned and “tied” again, they will forget how to trust.

The child will not be transferred to the family if:

this will contradict the child’s desire, create a threat to his life, health, violate his rights and interests;
it turns out that together with the citizen who took the child “on a visit”, the parent of the baby lives, deprived of parental rights.

The total period of stay cannot be more than three months. In some cases, extended to six months.

If, for some reason, the biological parents of the child were not able to properly fulfill their obligations, adoptive parents, guardians or adoptive parents can do this.

But the candidates for adoptive parents and guardians should understand that a new family member is a responsibility, it is forever. They will have the same responsibilities as the biological family.

Photo: Press services of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow. Denis Grishkin

By November 2016, more than 90 percent of metropolitan orphans and children left without parental care were already placed in new families. the site tells what privileges new dads and mothers can expect, how the adoption differs from guardianship and how to take a child into the family.

The number of Muscovites who are not indifferent to the fate of children from orphanages is increasing every year. The number of foster families in just nine months of 2016 increased by 4.3 percent - from 2537 to 2646 families, and 240 children found a new home in foster families.

Over the past six years, the number of orphans and children left without parental care who have found a new family has increased by 48 percent.

Family Education Promotion Centers

By the end of 2015, all boarding schools, orphanages and orphanages, as well as boarding schools for mentally retarded children in Moscow were transformed into centers for promoting family education. Here, residents can chat with children, learn how to arrange guardianship or patronage, become foster parents or adopt children.

In Moscow, there are 31 state centers and 7 more private institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. At the same time, the number of children brought up in them, from the beginning of 2016 decreased by 20 percent - from 2473 to 1980 people. These are mainly children over 10 years of age and with disabilities, including those with Down syndrome. In general, over six years, the number of pupils in boarding schools has more than halved.

More than 18.7 thousand children are brought up in foster families. The most common form of family structure is gratuitous custody (guardianship), followed by adoption, a foster family.

Guardianship and trusteeship

Now there are 7.6 thousand guardian families in the city, in which almost 8.6 thousand children are brought up.

The guardians and trustees are adult capable citizens, most often relatives of children. This takes into account the moral qualities of a person and the desire of the child himself.

Guardians are appointed for minors under 14 years of age. They become legal representatives and can act on their behalf, undertake to raise children, educate them, take care and protect their interests. When a child turns 14 years old, the guardian becomes a trustee. Guardianship ends when the child is 18 years old or when he marries.

The guardians (trustees) are paid money to support the child, support is provided in the organization of his education, rest and treatment.

Living with guardians, the child can, if desired, see blood relatives. But changing the surname or date of birth of children during custody will not succeed.

Adoption (adoption)

Since the beginning of the year, 187 children have been adopted in Moscow. In total, there are more than 5.1 thousand families in the city, where 5.7 thousand adopted children are being raised.

Upon adoption, persons who have adopted a child in their family acquire all parental rights and obligations. The adoptive parents give the child their last name and bring up as their own.

The age difference between the future parents and the child should be more than 16 years. Adoptive citizens can only become capable citizens who do not have a criminal record under serious articles, provided that they have housing and the necessary income. They will not send children to families where parents use alcohol or drugs, are carriers of infections, suffer from mental illness or have previously lost their parental rights or have been suspended from acting as guardian.

Foster families

For nine months of 2016, 109 foster families appeared in the capital, in which 240 children were taken. In total, the city has 2.6 thousand foster families. 4412 children are brought up in them.

Such a family is created under an agreement concluded with the guardianship authorities. Foster parents become the official guardians of the child and his legal representatives. But unlike ordinary guardians, they are rewarded for their services.

Parents can be both married couples and single citizens. The main thing is not to have serious illnesses and criminal convictions, not to use drugs and alcohol, and also to be able to provide the child with everything necessary for life and study.

Learn to be a parent

Spouses who want to adopt or take custody of children can receive specialist advice at foster parents' schools. Here they will tell you what documents you need to prepare, what benefits you can count on, how to help your child adapt to a new family and avoid conflict situations, and how to educate children with disabilities.

Today there are 57 foster parents schools in the city. In just nine months of this year, 2637 people were trained in them. Another 54 organizations support foster families. Escort agreements were concluded with 1149 families, where 1754 children are brought up.

Social benefits for families with orphans and children without parental care

When a child is transferred to a family for raising in seven by the metropolitan social protection authorities, a lump-sum allowance is provided for by the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 No. 81-FZ “On state benefits to citizens with children”.

The allowance is paid for all forms of family placement of children left without parental care (adoption, guardianship (guardianship), transfer to foster care). The amount of the allowance is:

- for persons who have adopted a disabled child, a child over the age of seven years, as well as children who are brothers and / or sisters, - 118 529 rubles 25 kopecks;

- for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, in a foster family or guardianship (guardianship), as well as for persons who have adopted an orphan child, a child left without parental care, who is not disabled, a child under seven years or a child not adopted at the same time as a brother (sister) - 15 512 rubles 65 kopecks.

Last year, the benefit was paid to 2,304 children transferred to raising a family, including the parents of 106 children received the maximum amount of the benefit. Since the beginning of this year, parents of 1855 children received it. Families of 100 children - 118.5 thousand rubles each.

In addition, families are charged monthly payments from the capital budget. From January 1 of this year, the amount of monthly benefits for orphans and children left without parental care, families of guardians, guardians, foster parents, foster care, as well as monthly compensation payments to persons adopted in the city of Moscow after January 1, 2009 an orphaned child or a child left without parental care is increased by 10 percent and ranges from 16.5 thousand to 27.5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the age, number of children and their state of health.

Since January 01, the size of the monthly remuneration paid to foster parents (foster carers) has also been increased.

Foster parents and foster carers receive a monthly fee of 16.7 thousand rubles for each foster child, and the payment for a disabled child is increased to 28 390 rubles. At the same time, in families with one or two children, only one of the parents receives payments, and when raising more than three children, a monthly reward is due to both spouses for each child.

A lump-sum compensation payment for reimbursement of expenses in connection with the adoption of a child in Moscow depends on the priority of adoption of children and amounts to 76.9 thousand rubles, 107.7 thousand rubles or 153.8 thousand rubles.

In addition, the city reimburses families for the cost of housing and communal services and a telephone, and provides free travel on public transport. Each year, children are provided with vacation tickets, and once every two years they can relax with their foster parents. Also, since 2014, foster families have been compensated for part of the cost - up to 45 thousand rubles - of independently acquired tickets.

After reaching adulthood, orphans or children without parental care, who do not have a dwelling assigned to them, are provided with housing that complies with established social norms.

New family - in a new home

Since 2014, a project has been launched in the capital on property support for families who have adopted older orphans and / or children with disabilities.

Families who have brought up at least five orphans, three of whom are older than 10 years and (or) are disabled, receive housing for a comfortable stay for a large family. The area of \u200b\u200ba house or apartment is calculated at a rate of 10 to 18 square meters per family member (parents, their underage children and foster children).

If the spouses have been married for at least three years and successfully undergo psychological diagnostics, then they conclude an agreement on the free use of premises for 10 years. After this period, the family is entitled to receive an apartment under a social contract of employment.

The project involved 34 foster families, into which 203 children were transferred. Of these, 63 are disabled children, 93 children are older than 10 years.

Truly Family Award

For a significant contribution to the development of the family structure, residents and organizations are awarded the Stork Wings Prize. Laureates receive a memorial sign - a figurine depicting a flying stork and a child.

The Natalia family became laureates of the Stork Wings Prize in one of the most significant nominations for adoptive parents, guardians (trustees), foster or foster families for their special personal contribution to the development of the family structure of orphans and children without parental care in Moscow. and Valery Zhuravlev. They bring up three native and 15 adoptive children, six of whom have Down syndrome. At the same time, the spouses assisted in transferring another 38 children with such a diagnosis to other families.

And the prize among non-governmental organizations was received by St. Sophia Orphanage, which became one of the first non-state orphanages in Russia for disabled people with severe multiple developmental disabilities. Now there are 22 children in it. Employees are looking for families. And those who remain in this institution will be taken care of even after they come of age.

Here, children have opportunities not only for learning, but also for social adaptation - volunteers help them in this.

This year there was a new nomination - "Person". The prize in this nomination is awarded for a special personal contribution to the development of the family structure. She was received by the doctor of psychological sciences, professor of the department of psychological anthropology of the Moscow State Pedagogical University, Galina Family.

In this article:

Some couples who are unable to conceive their children come to the decision to adopt a child. Many of them want to go through all the parental joys and trials: do not sleep at night from the nightly colic of the baby or teething the first teeth, see the first uncertain steps of the baby and much more. In this case, they decide to adopt a newborn baby - "refusenik".

Adopting a child directly from the hospital is not an easy procedure. A large number of couples want to adopt a newborn child in order to begin their upbringing themselves. Citizens of Russia and foreign citizens can take a child from the hospital, subject to all necessary rules.

Guardianship Queue

The demand for abandoned children is very high, so if you are determined to adopt a newborn child, “take” the line. To get on the list of families who want to take their child up, contact the guardianship and trusteeship authorities.

While waiting, you need to collect all the required documents for adoption. The procedure takes place through a court with the participation of guardianship authorities and the prosecutor.

The list of documents is as follows.:

Photocopies of two passports (future adoptive mother and father);
Application for guardianship authorities;
Health certificates for future adoptive parents;
The consent of the husband or wife, notarized;
Act (conclusion) on the inspection of living space by the housing commission;
Act (conclusion) on the inspection of living space by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities;
Personal account statement;
Extract from the house book;
Certificate of income for both parents;
Description from the place of work (position, duties, discipline).

Mandatory requirements for adoptive parents:

Certificate of no criminal record for both parents (given in the Department of Internal Affairs);
Adoption permit certified by a notary;
Certificates for the absence of diseases (it is necessary to visit a tuberculosis, skin-venereologic, narcological, neuropsychiatric, oncological dispensary, to pass tests for AIDS). The certificates must be issued on special forms issued by the guardianship and guardianship authorities, contain the conclusion of the commission, the signatures of the members of the commission, individual seals, the seal of the medical institution, the resolution of the therapist and neurologist;
An extract on the number of people registered in the apartment and the right to housing, an extract from the personal account of the apartment;
Copy of marriage certificate;
Brief autobiography.

After the turn has come and all the documents have been collected through the guardianship and guardianship authorities, the process of registration of adoption begins. The total time depends on the speed of providing the data requested from the adoptive parents and on the appearance of the desired child in the hospital.

The requirements for adoptive parents are very strict and serious: they are healthy and energetic people who can get positive feedback, have regular wages, the necessary conditions for living with a child. The created commission will evaluate the possibilities for adoption, check all the documents and information provided, and draw up a written opinion. A negative opinion can be challenged in court.

Also, the total family income should be greater than the cost of living and consent to adoption should be mutual. Be sure to discuss all the details with your spouse so that during the interview, the commission is confident in your honesty and decency.

Information about newborns that are officially denied is immediately reported to the authorities. Among maternity hospitals where it is possible to adopt a newborn child, it is better to choose maternity hospitals in large cities, since many come to births from the regions. This will significantly reduce the waiting time.

Try not to be nervous, calmly and decisively go towards your goal in order to prepare as best as possible for the adoption of a newborn baby and, despite the large number of nuances, make this event quick.