Why there are no satellite photos of Antarctica. Antarctica

And our article today is about boyish toys. It is probably difficult to find a boy who would not play toy soldiers as a child. In the minds of most of our contemporaries, they, that is, soldiers, are perceived only as children's toys. But, firstly, this is an oversimplified approach, and secondly, many well-known people, already quite adults, did not hesitate to be addicted to small toy warriors. On their list are French monarchs Louis XIV, Napoleon I and Napoleon II, Russian commander Alexander Suvorov and his contemporary Emperor Paul I, German composer Johannes Brahms, English writer Robert Stevenson, English Prime Minister Winston Churchill and many others, famous and lesser-known personality.

Toy Soldiers - Ancient Toys

The history of the soldier totals more than 4 thousand years ago. The oldest of them are found in the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Made of wood, the figures personified the guard guarding the deceased ruler in the afterlife.

The whole world is known for the terracotta guard from the mausoleum of the ancient Chinese emperor Qin-Shihuandi. The full-height figures of his bodyguards are made with the highest detailing, and each person is so individual that there is not the slightest doubt about the portrait resemblance.

In the Middle Ages, European kings and nobles were carried away by the game of soldiers. It was almost the only social stratum that could afford such a pleasure, because the precious metals were most often the materials for making the figures. The games themselves had tactical and strategic moments - in them future commanders learned the basics of military unit control.

In the XVII - XVIII centuries. not one self-respecting royal court was complete without a collection of miniature warriors. And at the beginning of the 19th century, soldiers finally became available to a wide consumer and reached the masses. Strange as it may seem, this is due to the spread of cheap earthenware dishes. Prior to this, European dishes were mostly cast from tin. But earthenware technology turned out to be much more economical, and tin casters simply could not stand the competition. In search of a new market, they turned to the production of tin figures. Thus was born the textbook tin soldier. This happened in the German city of Nuremberg, and the first soldiers among collectors are called so: Nuremberg miniature.

Remember, Andersen: 25 soldiers out of one tin spoon? If you compare with the products of modern factories, you will have to wonder at the size of the spoons of that time. But surprise will be premature: then the spoons were no more than the current spoons. But the soldiers - on the contrary, were inferior in parameters to their descendants of the beginning of the 21st century. The Nuremberg figures were flat, not thicker than 3 mm, and the height of the foot soldier was approximately 30 mm. So it is not surprising that two dozen persistent tin came out of one spoon.

Subsequently, three-dimensional figures appeared, more interesting, but also more expensive, and the most expensive among the mass production were made completely collapsible. Russian artist of the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. Alexandre Benois recalled that he saw the appearance of such collapsible soldiers as a real holiday.

In the twentieth century, the range of raw materials for the production of soldiers has expanded significantly due to polymer materials. After World War II, soldiers became one of the most sought after articles on the toy market. In the same period, military-historical wargame (military-tactical games with soldiers) is gaining popularity. Unlike similar games of the Middle Ages and the New Age, they are now devoted to specific events in military history, whether it be the Spartacus Rebellion or the Battle of Stalingrad. The main contingent of wargamers is by no means children, but youth from sixteen and older.

In parallel, collectibles of soldiers are developing, both old one hundred and two hundred years ago, and modern, issued especially for collectors.

Be that as it may, the spirit of the Andersen soldier did not burn out in the flame of the stove, but continues to warm the hearts of millions of "soldiers" around the world.

Kononko Julia

DIY soldiers at home

For those who want to make soldiers for their children with their own hands, there are different ways and materials. You can sculpt soldiers yourself clay or even masses for cold welding. How to sculpt soldiers from the "cold welding" shows Sergei Osipov:

Try to repeat all the actions, and then you will probably get soldiers who are similar to these figures of amateur sculptor Sergei Kiselyov:

More soldiers are made from wire, a very detailed instruction here: www.lobzik.pri.ee/modules/news/article.php?storyid\u003d404

Well, those who want to cast themselves metal soldiers can look at the beginning of the instruction:

Paper soldiers need to play more accurately. They can be flat, for example, such:

But about the soldiers made of wood (from the book by V. S. Goricheva “Dolls”):

Fot from the youngest participant in and the first man among the participants in all the contests of my blog. Meet - Arkhangelsk Stepan, 11 years.

Stepan lives in the city of Kavalerovo and, as befits the boys, is not indifferent to war games. He likes to sculpt knights and all kinds of warriors from plasticine. Basically, he does this in a children's group at the Svetlitsa club.

The description of the work is short: plasticine of different colors is taken. Sculpts Stepan without a foundation. Tearing off the mass in small pieces, creates the desired shape by looking at the picture.

And it turns out here is such a knight:

How to make soldiers from plasticine and wire is written in the book by V. S. Goricheva “Dolls”:

And one more step-by-step modeling workshop:

On the topic of plasticine soldiers, I found this video, amazing:

And this is a Red Army man from fabric, a pattern for sewing from the album ““:

In general, you can make soldiers yourself or buy ready-made ones.

The main thing is that they remain toys in the hands of boys and adults, and people do not become toys in the hands of the rulers of this world.

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To sculpt a soldier, prepare:

a lot of green plasticine (imitation of a military uniform);
a little beige (imitation of human skin);
black (for boots);
a match;
a toothpick.

How to mold a soldier from plasticine:

First, roll a beige ball to turn it into a man’s head. Prepare a match.

Make the face oval, push the pit of your fingers over the dimples of the eyes. Put your head on a match.

Make out the face of a young man. Make eyes, eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, straight nose, mouth.

Put a green cap on your head - do it from a small portion of green plasticine. Plasticine for the cap should be issued with an oblong boat. On the head, you can not fasten the hair, but the ears should be done.

Next, you need to knead all the prepared plasticine and divide it into portions for modeling military uniforms. The largest piece is for the torso. At the time of sculpting, you can try on the blank to the head so that they are proportional in size.

Give the prepared pieces a shape appropriate for the body, sleeves, lower part of the tunic and upper part of the breeches.

Gather all the details together. Hang a thin brown belt on your belt.

Add a stand-up collar. Draw with a pointed toothpick stripes (shelves) on the jacket. Make pockets. Attach a row of buttons in front on the center strip and on the collar. Add shoulder straps.

Next, make boots from black plasticine. Prepare your head on a match for fastening. Glue beige palms to the bottom of the sleeves.

Fasten the prepared parts to get a soldier figure.

By February 23 and May 9, the school decided to make children's crafts of military-patriotic themes as a gift to dads, grandfathers, godparents, uncles and their friends. And these models can be very different. Suitable tanks and armored vehicles, planes and helicopters, soldiers and more. To make dad or grandfather feel like a brave soldier again, remember how he once defended his homeland in his youth, make a wonderful figure of plasticine for him. This lesson tells you how to make a children's military-patriotic article by February 23 or May 9 - a soldier from plasticine.

Since we are talking about the February holidays, we’ll make the winter uniform for the warrior. Thus, our object for copying is a young man in a gray overcoat with straps, and our goal is to have fun and create a gift for the Defender of the Fatherland Day with our children.

To sculpt a soldier from plasticine, prepare:

a set of plasticine, from which we will need dark colors and only a little red and yellow;
a stack;
matches or toothpicks as fasteners for individual parts.

Master class of children's military-patriotic crafts by February 23, "Soldier from plasticine":

1) Take the gray plasticine sticks. You will need a lot of this material for sculpting the greatcoat, so if there is only 1 bar in the set, you can additionally mix white with black and add to the main piece. Also, a little brown can be mixed into gray so that the color turns brown (believable).

2) Mash the prepared mass in the hands.

3) Make blanks to create a winter military uniform: two bars for the body and hem of the coat, two more small portions of the same size for the sleeves.

4) Fasten, using a match, the upper and lower parts of the overcoat. Press two small pieces to the board and roll thin tubes. Glue the ducts to the shoulders, forming the sleeves of the clothes.

5) Prepare also a flat gray ribbon for the collar, a thin brown sausage and an orange belt for the belt.

6) Glue the collar, it is convenient to cut off the excess with a stack. Mask the belt (the junction of the two main parts) behind the belt. With the tip of the stacks, draw longitudinal stripes, separating the floors of the coat.

7) Make soft black blanks for boots. Form shoes, insert matches for further fastening with crafts.

8) Insert matches to the bottom of the hem, connecting the boots with an overcoat.

9) Make two hands of two small beige cakes. Cut the cakes with a stack, highlighting the fingers. Glue the brushes to the sleeves. On the shoulders and on the collar, add red and yellow plasticine.

10) Insert one more match into the collar hole to secure the head. Pick a beige piece that fits your size.

11) Pull out the beige ball, giving it the shape of an oval face. Highlight the hollows of the eyes and attach the nose, add a mouth.

A persistent tin soldier is a toy that every child should have. And it doesn’t matter in what color scheme it will be made, from what material, etc. The main thing is that the boy can play war games when he wants. We offer you a detailed guide for modeling a plasticine soldier. Such a toy can be either bright or plain, choose any option, focusing on the availability of material.

To sculpt one soldier, you must use:

blue, yellow and red plasticine for modeling uniforms;
beige - to create an open face;
stack and matches.

1. Prepare plasticine for work. In this case, it is planned to mold a blue tunic with the addition of yellow buttons and shoulder straps, as well as with red inserts. Pants can also be made yellow or replaced with white color - more festive.

2. Roll up three balls - one larger and two smaller.

3. Make a rectangular tunic and two cylinder sleeves. The base of the tunic is slightly tapered below.

4. Attach the sleeves to the tunic. Add shoulder straps and a red stand-up collar.

5. Fill two rows of yellow buttons as if golden. Attach the red cuffs.

6. Add the yellow glove balls. Insert the match into the area where the head will later be attached.

7. To sculpt the legs, form an oblong sausage from a yellow slice.

8. Cut the legs.

9. Glue the shoes to the legs, they can be made black or blue.

10. Attach the pants to the tunic using a match.

11. To sculpt the head, mash the beige plasticine and roll the ball.

12. Set the correct face shape. It is necessary to squeeze the ball, highlighting a sharper chin. Attach the nose, mark the eyes and mouth.

13. Insert into the dimples, attach eyebrows, ears, completing the appearance of a man.

14. From the high blue cylinder, make a cap with a visor.

15. The main parts of the soldier’s figures are ready, it remains only to connect them.

So, a completely new and unusual toy for the boy is ready. You will get several figures from one box, so get ready to continue the creative lesson.

(32 photos total)

2) Killer whale (top view) in the Ross Sea among floating ice in January 2005. Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Center (NOAA) of the southwestern fisheries department study the differences in 3 species of Antarctic killer whales. (Donald LeRoi, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center / National Science Foundation)

6) View of the Calkin Glacier in November 2003. The glacier, located in the Taylor Valley in Victoria Land, named after the American geologist Parker Culkin, led the geological engineering research in this area during the expeditions of the 1960-61 and 1961-62 seasons. (Brian Johnson / National Science Foundation)

7) Aurora borealis over a dark area near Admunsen Scott Station on June 3, 2008. A dark area is a terrain into which light and radio waves do not penetrate. The brightest point above the roof of the station is Jupiter. White streaks of light create the milky way. (Keith Vanderlinde / National Science Foundation)

12) Aurora over Admunsen Scott Station on July 16, 2008. (Keith Vanderlinde / National Science Foundation)

13) The northern edge of the giant iceberg B-15A, January 29, 2001. (Josh Landis / National Science Foundation)

14) View of the Antarctic coast from the research vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER, April 2007. (Patrick Rowe / National Science Foundation)

15) A human figure illuminated by the rays of the setting sun on April 6, 2008. The sun set over the horizon on March 20 and only rose on September 22. (Calee Allen / National Science Foundation)

16) A man stands under the arches of a glacial arch, Anvers Island, Antarctica, July 30, 2006. (Glenn Grant / National Science Foundation)

17) The full moon and shutter speed of 25 seconds allowed us to take this picture at Admunsen Scott station during the polar night in July 2005. In the left part of the picture is a new station, in the center - a power station and in the lower right corner an old hangar. Red light is used to illuminate during the polar night, it does not interfere with the research of astrophysicists. Green light is the southern lights. (Chris Danals / National Science Foundation)

18) In the past, the Russian icebreaker, and now the cruise ship Captain Khlebnikov, is breaking the ice to the Ots Bank, Antarctica, January 29, 2005. (Mike Usher / National Science Foundation)

20) Member of the American research program DJ Jennings shows a frozen beard, October 26, 2006. Behind his back is a backpack with power tools and rescue equipment. (DJ Jennings / National Science Foundation)

25) View of Ross Island from another Black Island, approximately 25 miles away. The light of the lights of McMurdo Station (USA) and the sunrise due to the horizon, which will last for many weeks, are visible. (Chad Carpenter / National Science Foundation) 28. Adélie Penguins jump out of the cold water ashore, December 31, 2005. (Patrick Rowe / National Science Foundation)

30) A soil biologist, Dr. Diana Wall of Colorado State University, looks at the Taylor Valley near Hoare Lake, January 17, 2006. Her team investigated soil biomaterials and sent data to 32) Polar Plateau, April 20, 2008. It extends into all sides of the snow, whose edges are not visible. This photograph is a reflection of Antarctica as a whole, huge snowy expanses, the snow thickness of which reaches 2 miles. (Keith Vanderlinde / National Science Foundation)