Features of the nature of the seas washing the coast of Russia. Natural features of the seas washing Russia

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Presentation on the topic "Seas washing the borders of Russia" in geography for schoolchildren. Consists of twenty eight slides. Author - Ishmuratova Liliya Malikovna

Fragments from the presentation:

Targets and goals:

To get acquainted with the features of the seas and oceans washing the territory of Russia
Consider the natural resources of the seas of Russia and the environmental problems of the seas

Arctic Ocean

Description of the seas of the Arctic Ocean

All seas are marginal except White
All seas are located on the mainland shelf, therefore they are shallow
Salinity of the seas below the oceanic
The climate of the seas is severe; only part of the Barents Sea does not freeze
The Northern Sea Route passes through the seas of the Arctic Ocean - the shortest route from the Baltic Sea to Vladivostok
Ice moves under the influence of winds and currents clockwise - drifts. Ices collide to form ice piles - hummocks

Pacific Ocean

Characteristics of the Pacific Seas

All the seas of the Pacific Ocean are marginal and are separated from the ocean by a chain of islands
All have significant depth, since they have almost no shelf zone
The seas are located in the zone of the Pacific ring of fire, in the region of the boundaries of lithospheric plates, therefore tsunamis are frequent here, and volcanoes are on the banks, and mountains are on the coast
The nature of the Bering and Okhotsk seas is harsh. The seas freeze, and in summer the water temperature is not higher than + 12C. Only the southernmost - the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan - does not freeze. Typhoons and violent storms are frequent here. In the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk - the highest tides in Russia

Atlantic Ocean

Characteristics of the seas of the Atlantic Ocean

All seas are inland, that is, they are connected to the ocean by narrow straits and are surrounded on all sides by land
Deep - the Black Sea (maximum depth - 2210 m), and the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov - the shallowest sea in Russia - the greatest depth is 15 m, the average is 5-7 m.
The Black Sea is located in a tectonic depression
The Baltic and Azov seas are covered with ice for a short time. In the Baltic, the bays freeze, and the Black Sea is the warmest sea in Russia and ice only occurs in its northern bays
The Black Sea is infected from a depth of 200 m with poisonous hydrogen sulfide and from a depth of 200 m is deprived of life
Caspian Sea - lake basin internal flow

Most, most, most

The deepest sea in Russia is Beringovo (the greatest depth is 5500 m)
The largest in area - Beringovo
The shallowest - Azov (maximum depth - 15 m)
The smallest in area - Azov
The coldest - East Siberian (in summer, the water temperature is +1 C)
The cleanest - Chukchi
The warmest - Black Sea

Resources of the seas

Barents Sea - the richest in biological resources from the seas of the Arctic Ocean
Richer in the resources of the Pacific Ocean
80% of the planet's sturgeon stocks are in the Caspian Sea
In the Baltic Sea they catch
Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov - an important fishing area
The Black Sea does not have important fishing value, but fishing is also conducted here
Kislogubskaya tidal power station (Barents Sea)
The seas have rich mineral resources.

The Black Sea has the richest recreational resources

Anapa
Tuapse

The main sources of pollution of the seas

Stocks of industrial enterprises coming with river water - 40%
Sea transport - 30%
Accidents of tankers - oil vessels
Accidents of oil pipelines laid along the bottom of the seas

Ways to improve the environmental situation

Use non-waste production along the coasts and river banks
Sewage treatment plant construction
Avoid high concentration (concentration of industrial enterprises) on the coasts of the seas
Creation of protected water areas (marine reserves and reserves)

Sea Comparison Plan

Which ocean belongs to the basin?
Outskirts or inside
Coastline (rugged, no, bays, peninsulas)
Depths
Salinity
Water temperature (ice)
Resources of the seas
Ecological problems

Comparative characteristics of the Black and Kara Seas

Black Sea

Atlantic Ocean Basin
Inland sea
Ripped, Crimean Peninsula
1315 m
January - 1 ° + 7 °, July + 25 °
Recreational resources
Ecological problems

Kara Sea

Arctic Ocean Basin
Outskirts
Heavily indented, Yamal Peninsula, Gydansky, Taimyr
111 m
7-33 ‰
January –1.5 °, July + 1º + 4º
Biological resources
Ecological problems

Russia owns huge reserves that are unevenly distributed over the area. Most of them are concentrated in the north, the smaller - in the south. The country has the longest coastline in the world, the total length of which is about 61 thousand km. In addition to the oceans and seas, there are more than two million rivers and the same. All water resources are actively used in the economic activities of the state. In total, Russia is washed by 13 seas, 1 of which is closed, and the remaining 12 belong to the basins of the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans. This article provides a list and a brief description of all the seas and oceans washing the territory of the Russian Federation.

Atlantic Ocean

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean wash the western coast of the state. These include the Azov, Black and Baltic Seas. The coastline is about 1845 km. The largest rivers flowing into these seas are Luga, Neva, Don, Matsesta and Ashe.

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean and the seas of its basin wash the northern part of Russia. The total length of the coastline is 39940 km. The Arctic Ocean basin includes the Chukchi, Kara, East Siberian, White, Barents Seas, as well as the Laptev Sea. flowing into the Arctic Ocean include the Lena, Yenisei, Ob, Northern Dvina and Pechora.

Pacific Ocean

The waters of the Pacific Ocean wash the territory of Russia from the east. The coastline is 17,740 km. On the Asian coast of the country are the Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas. Amur, Anadyr are the largest rivers of the Pacific basin.

Map of the seas and oceans that wash the territory of Russia

As you can see on the map above, the country's coast is washed by twelve seas. Another, the Caspian Sea, has an internal drainage basin, and is the largest enclosed body of water in the world. The seas of Russia differ in origin, temperature, maximum depth, bottom topography, degree of salinity and the diversity of flora and fauna.

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean that wash Russia:

Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov

The inland sea in the south-west of Russia, which is the smallest in the world. The Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov can be considered the Gulf of the Black Sea. The length from north to south is 231 km, and the maximum depth is up to 14 m. In winter, the pond freezes and warms up well in summer. Due to the mostly positive temperatures in the waters, life is actively developing. 80 species of fish live here, including commercial ones.

Black Sea

The waters of the Black Sea wash the southwestern borders of the country. Its length from north to south is 580 km. The maximum depth exceeds 2 thousand meters. Most of the cyclones that travel throughout the year originate over the Atlantic. Numerous rivers significantly desalinate the coastal waters of the sea. Due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water, the bottom part is uninhabited. At shallow depths, both Mediterranean and freshwater fish species are found: hamsa, horse mackerel, tuna, stingray, bream, pike perch, ram.

Baltic Sea

A pond located in the north-west of Russia with a length of 660 km. It is an inland sea. The maximum depth of the Baltic Sea is 470 m. Cyclones forming near the Atlantic bring frequent rains and winds to the Baltic. Due to the abundance of precipitation, the water in the sea is slightly salted, so there is little plankton in it. Smelt, herring, Baltic sprat, whitefish, and many others inhabit the fish.

Seas of the Arctic Ocean that wash Russia:

Barents Sea

Sea waters wash part of the country's northern coast. The length of the coastline is 6645 km. The maximum depth exceeds 590 m. The North Atlantic Current and Arctic air dramatically affect climatic conditions. Summer temperature does not rise above + 10ºС. In the northwestern part, ice does not melt year round. The waters are rich in plankton. More than a hundred species of fish live here, some of them commercial, for example, halibut, haddock, catfish. represented by seals, bears and belugas. On the coastal rocky cliffs, various species of birds have settled, such as gulls, guillemots, and scavengers.

White Sea

The inland sea washing the northern part of the state. The length exceeds 600 km, the maximum depth is 343 m. The White Sea is slightly larger than the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. Winter is lingering and harsh, and summers are wet and cool. Cyclones prevail over the reservoir. Water is slightly salted on the surface. The world of zooplankton and phytoplankton is not very developed. There are about fifty species of fish, which is significantly less than in neighboring seas. This is due to the harsh climate and low salinity. Of great commercial importance is cod, smelt, chinook salmon, pollock, salmon. The fauna is represented by sea hares and belugas.

Kara Sea

The waters wash the islands and archipelagos of northern Russia. The coastline is 1,500 km long, and the maximum depth is 620 m. The average water temperature does not exceed 0 ° С. Throughout the year, a significant part of the sea surface is covered with ice. The salt water at the mouths of the rivers becomes almost fresh. According to recent studies, oil and gas deposits are on the shelves. Brown and red algae grow well in the sea. Fish resources are rich in navaga, flounder, chinook salmon, nelma and smelt. There are: save and finwal.

Laptev sea

Outskirts of the Arctic Ocean, 1300 km long. The maximum depth is 3385 m. The sea is located near the Arctic Circle, which significantly affects the climate. Winter temperatures average -26 ° C. The region is affected by cyclones carrying a blizzard and winds. In summer, the air warms up to + 1ºС. Melting ice and runoff of Siberian rivers dilute the salt water of the sea. The plant world is represented by a variety of algae and plankton. Near the coastal strip you can find sea urchins and. Large freshwater fish emerge from river mouths for feeding. Fishing is not developed, since the sea is ice bound most of the time. Of the mammals, belugas, walruses and seals feel good.

East-Siberian Sea

The sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean basin adjacent to the northern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline exceeds 3000 km, the greatest depth is about 900 m. The average air temperature in winter is -28 ° C. The reason for such low temperatures is the cold winds that carry air masses from Siberia. Summer air temperature on average rises to + 2ºС. The fauna is scarce due to the harsh climate. The ichthyofauna of the coastal zone includes whitefish and sturgeon. Of the large mammals, belugas, walruses, and polar bears are found.

Chukchi Sea

Outskirts in the north of the country. The greatest depth is 1256 m. Throughout the year, the sea receives little sunlight. A sharp drop in temperature begins in the fall. Winter is characterized by strong winds and an average temperature of -28 ° С. Cover the pond with ice all year. In the Chukchi Sea, grayling, char and char are found. Phytoplankton serves as food for cetaceans. Polar bears live on drifting ice floes, forming a whole population.

Seas of the Pacific Ocean that wash Russia:

Bering Sea

The reservoir in the northeastern Pacific coast has a coastline of 13,340 km, maximum depth - 4151 m. Numerous islands are located near the coast. In winter, the average air temperature does not rise above -23ºС. Summer temperature averages + 10ºС. The Bering Sea is covered in ice almost all year. The coast is indented with capes, bays and braids. High shores have chosen gulls, hatchets, guillemots. The water world is famous for a variety of salmon and flounder. Gentle shores have become home to walruses, sea otters and polar bears.

Japanese Sea

The waters of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan wash the eastern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline is 3240 km, the maximum depth is 3742 m. Location in temperate latitudes affects the local climate. In winter, northwest winds blow over the surface. Typhoons often occur at this time. The inflow of river water is negligible. On the coast live starfish of all sizes and colors, hedgehogs, shrimp and sea cucumbers. The fishery extends to cod, flounder, pollock and herring. After a storm, relatively safe jellyfish can be seen on the shore.

Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk

A semi-enclosed body of water washing the southeast coast of the country. The maximum depth is 3916 m. A monsoon climate prevails on the coast. January temperature drops to -25 ° C. Summer maximum is + 18 ° С. In the coastal zone live crabs, mussels and starfish. From mammals, killer whales, seals and seals can be distinguished. In the open sea, flounder, capelin, coho salmon and pink salmon are caught.

The enclosed seas that wash Russia:

Caspian Sea

The only closed sea in the south-west of Russia. The length of the coastline is 1460 km, the maximum depth is 1025 m. Based on some signs, the Caspian Sea should be called a lake. But the brackishness of the water, size and hydrological regime indicate that it is the sea. Along the coast there are many islands. The waters of the Caspian Sea are unstable, they either rise or fall. Winter temperatures average -1 ° C, and by mid-summer rise to + 25 ° C. More than a hundred rivers flow into the Caspian Sea, the largest of which is the Volga. In winter, the northern part of the sea freezes. Plant and animal life is unique. Only endemic species live here, species living only in the Caspian Sea. Near the coast there are goby, herring, sturgeon, whitefish, shrimp, zander and beluga. A unique mammal is the Caspian seal, the smallest member of its family.

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Topic: Seas, Inland Water and Water Resources

Lesson: Features of the nature of the seas washing the coast of Russia

The purpose of the lesson: to find out which seas are washed by the coast of Russia, to study the features of the nature of the seas.

The seas washing the coast of Russia belong to the basins of three oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.

Seas of the Arctic Ocean:

White
Barentsovo
Kara
Laptev
East Siberian
Chukchi

Fig. 1. Seas of the Arctic Ocean and their characteristics ()

The seas of the Arctic Ocean lie mainly on the shelf, therefore, they generally do not differ in significant depths. The coastline of these seas is very indented. All the seas of this ocean (except the White Sea) are marginal.

Fig. 2. Seas of the Arctic Ocean on a physical map ()

These seas have a harsh climate and are covered with ice for a considerable period of time. An exception among them is the Barents Sea, whose waters are heated by the warm North Atlantic Current.

Fig. 3. Warm water inflow into the Barents Sea ()

The severity of the climate and ice cover are increasing eastward. The salinity of the seas of the Arctic Ocean is low. These seas are used as a transport route, in addition, they are rich in biological and mineral resources, although due to the severity of the climate, their economic development is difficult.

Barents Seadiffers in relatively warm waters in comparison with other seas of the Arctic Ocean. This sea is characterized by constant collisions of warm air masses and cold waters. The shores are heavily indented. The sea is diverse and rich in biologically and other types of resources.

White Seais internal. Summer is short and cool. In the south, the water can warm up to +17 degrees.

Fig. 4. The White Sea on the map ()

Kara Seait has a rather harsh climate. Water temperature in the summer rises in the south to +5 degrees. Most of the year is covered in ice.

Laptev seadiffers by the most severe climatic conditions.

differs in slightly warmer waters relative to the Laptev Sea. An array of perennial ice reaches several meters.

Fig. 5. East Siberian Sea ()

Chukchi Sealocated in the east. Through the Bering Strait, warmer water from the Pacific Ocean enters the Chukchi Sea.

Beringovo
Okhotsk
Japanese

Fig. 6. Pacific Seas ()

The seas of the Pacific Ocean are separated from the ocean by islands and peninsulas. These seas are characterized by ebbs and flows, fogs, strong winds, storms. The seas of this ocean are quite cold, only the southern half of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan is characterized by relatively warm waters.

Bering Sea- the largest and deepest in Russia. The climate is cold, the weather is unstable. The sea is rich in fish and sea animals.

Fig. 7. Bering Sea on the map ()

Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotskis under the influence of the Siberian anticyclone, so the climatic conditions are quite severe.

Japanese Sea among the Russian seas of the Pacific Ocean it is distinguished by the most favorable climatic conditions, although typhoons are characteristic of this sea.

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean:

Azov
Black
Baltic

All these seas are inland, quite warm. The seas of the Atlantic Ocean have significant commercial, transport, and recreational significance.

Baltic Sea- the shallow sea, the coasts are indented, quite fresh.

the warmest and deepest of the Russian seas of the Atlantic Ocean. In summer, the water in the sea warms up to +26 degrees. At a depth of more than 150 meters, the waters of the Black Sea contain hydrogen sulfide; therefore, marine inhabitants live mainly in the upper layers of the water.

Fig. 8. The Black Sea ()

Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov- the shallowest and smallest sea. The maximum depth of the sea is 13.5 meters. The sea is heavily desalinated.

Belongs to the drainless basin Caspian Sea Lake.This is the largest lake on Earth. In ancient times, the Caspian Sea was a single whole with the Black Sea and was part of the World Ocean. The lake is rich in biological and mineral resources (primarily oil and gas).

Homework

1. List the seas of Russia related to the Arctic Ocean basin.

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography of Russia: Textbook. for 8-9 cells general education. institutions / Ed. A.I. Alekseeva: In 2 book. Prince 1: Nature and population. 8 cl. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2009 .-- 320 p.

2. Geography of Russia. Nature. 8 cl .: textbook. for general education. institutions / I.I. Barinova. - M .: Bustard; Moscow Textbooks, 2011 .-- 303 p.

3. Geography. 8 cl .: atlas. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M.: Bustard, DIK, 2013 .-- 48 p.

4. Geography. Russia. Nature and population. 8 cl .: atlas - 7th ed., Revision. - M .: Bustard; DIK Publishing House, 2010 - 56 p.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin - Moscow: Rosman-Press, 2006 .-- 624 p.

Literature for preparing for the State Academic Examination and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control. Geography. The nature of Russia. Grade 8: study guide. - Moscow: Intellect Center, 2010 .-- 144 p.

2. Tests on the geography of Russia: grades 8-9: textbooks, ed. V.P. Dronova “Geography of Russia. Grades 8-9: textbook. for general education. institutions ”/ V.I. Evdokimov. - M.: Publishing house "Examination", 2009. - 109 p.

3. Getting ready for the GIA. Geography. 8th grade. Final testing in exam format./Aut. T.V. Abramova. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development LLC, 2011. - 64 p.

4. Tests. Geography. Grade 6-10: Educational-methodical manual / A.A. Letyagin. - M .: LLC “Agency“ KRPA “Olympus”: “Astrel”, “AST”, 2001. - 284 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Russian Geographical Society ().

5. The nature and population of Russia ().

The Russian Federation occupies a vast territory and is a major maritime power. The length of its water borders is almost forty thousand kilometers. From the north and east, our country borders only on the seas. They are different in size, depth and salinity. The possibility of shipping and other ways of using marine resources depend on these characteristics. The Russian Federation mainly belongs to the marginal seas from the basins of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. They occupy more than eight and a half million square kilometers. And our country carefully monitors the conservation of water resources and is fighting their pollution. Back in school, everyone learns about the seas that wash Russia. But not all of them are familiar, for example, to residents of the middle zone.

What seas and oceans wash Russia?

The northern water area belonging to our country is part of the Arctic Ocean basin. There are most of the seas. All of them, except Bely, are continental-marginal, and the boundaries between them are indicated by islands and archipelagos. Which seas wash Russia from the north? These are the White, Chukchi, Barents, East Siberian, Laptev and Kara.

The largest and deepest seas washing the coast of our country are Japan, Okhotsk and Beringovo. They are located in the Pacific. Which seas wash Russia yet? Our country owns several reservoirs of the Atlantic Ocean: Black, Azov and Baltic. These seas are inland.

In addition to these 12 water bodies, the largest inland sea adjoins Russia from the inland basin of Eurasia. It is often called a lake because it does not connect to the ocean. This is the Caspian Sea.

Arctic Ocean Basin

Which seas wash the coast of Russia from the north? Kara, Laptev Sea, East Siberian, Barents, Chukchi and White. These six seas make up the largest group and occupy a large area - more than four million square kilometers. All of them are characterized by the fact that they are very small. In addition, they are marginal because they are separated by islands or archipelagos. In some places, it is not even possible to pinpoint the boundary between them. Only the White Sea is located in the interior of the continent, but differs little from the rest in other characteristics.

What are the features of the northern seas of Russia?

they are quite small; the deepest of them is the Laptev Sea; its average depth is about 500 meters;
the water temperature in these places is very low, even in summer it rarely rises above 10 degrees, so in winter almost the entire surface of the northern seas is covered with ice;
the economic importance of the Arctic Ocean basin is not very high: beluga whales, seals and some fish are caught in these waters.

Pacific basin

From the east, the coast of Russia is washed by three seas: the Bering, Okhotsk and Japanese. They are warmer than the bodies of the Arctic Ocean. In addition, these bodies of water are much larger and deeper. By type, these seas are not entirely marginal - they are limited to large islands. And the water exchange between them and the Pacific Ocean occurs through the straits.

By studying the features of these reservoirs, one can answer the question of which of the seas washing Russia is the deepest. This is the largest Bering Sea. Its depth reaches four thousand meters.

But otherwise it has the same features as other seas of the Pacific Ocean, namely:

large ebbs and flows;
many storms, strong winds, fogs and even tsunamis;
perform useful functions: shipping and fishing are developed on these seas.

Atlantic basin and the Caspian

These are the warmest reservoirs of Russia. All three seas of the Atlantic Ocean - the Baltic, Black and Azov - are inland. They are quite small and connect with the ocean through straits and other seas.

The Caspian Sea generally belongs to the inland Eurasian basin. It is very similar in characteristics to Black and Azov: the same shallow, warm, not very salty and rich in fish. In addition, these seas are widely used for shipping and tourism. The climate of the Baltic is more severe, the coast is indented. But still, this sea is just as shallow, almost fresh, but rich in fish.

Why know which seas wash Russia?

The water resources of our country are of great economic importance. Russia has access to the seas of three oceans. They give it many advantages: facilitate economic relations with other countries, provide opportunities for the development of leisure and tourism, and are of great commercial and raw value. Information about which seas and oceans wash Russia, allows you to learn more about your native country, its economic activities, climatic conditions and tourist opportunities.