Who discovered the electricity? Research and discovery. Electricity is the greatest invention of mankind.

Electricity is a stream of particles moving in a certain direction. They have a certain charge. In another way, electricity is the energy that is produced by movement, as well as the lighting that appears after energy is received. The term was introduced by the scientist William Gilbert in 1600. When conducting experiments with amber, the ancient Greek Thales discovered that a charge was acquired by a mineral. "Amber" in Greek means "electron." Hence the name came from.

Electricity is ...

Thanks to electricity, an electric field is created around current conductors or bodies with a charge. Through it, it becomes possible to act on other bodies, which also have a certain charge.

Everyone knows that charges are positive and negative. Of course, this is a conditional division, but according to the current history they continue to be designated.

If the bodies are charged equally, they will repel, and if in different ways, they will be attracted.

The essence of electricity is not only the creation of an electric field. A magnetic field also appears. Therefore, there is a kinship between them.

More than a century later, in 1729, Stephen Gray established that there are bodies with very high resistance. They are able to conduct

Currently, thermodynamics is most concerned with electricity. But the quantum properties of electromagnetism are studied by quantum thermodynamics.

History

It is hardly possible to name a specific person who discovered the phenomenon. After all, research continues to this day, new properties are revealed. But in the science that we are taught at school, several names are called.

It is believed that the first who became interested in electricity was living in Ancient Greece. It was he who rubbed amber on his coat and watched the bodies begin to attract.

Then Aristotle studied eels that hit enemies, as was later understood, with electricity.

Pliny later wrote about the electrical properties of the resin.

A number of interesting discoveries were assigned to the doctor of the English Queen, William Gilbert.

In the mid-seventeenth century, after the term "electricity" became known, the burgomaster Otto von Guericke invented an electrostatic machine.

In the eighteenth century, Franklin created a whole theory of the phenomenon, which says that electricity is a fluid or an intangible fluid.

In addition to the mentioned people, such famous names as:

• Pendant;
• Galvani;
• Volt;
• Faraday
• Maxwell
• Ampere;
• Lodygin;
• Edison
• Hertz;
• Thomson;
• Claude.

Despite their undeniable contribution, Nicola Tesla is rightfully recognized as the most powerful of scientists in the world.

Nikola Tesla

The scientist was born in the family of a Serbian Orthodox priest in the territory of present-day Croatia. At six, the boy discovered a wonderful phenomenon when he played with a black cat: her back suddenly lit up with a strip of blue, which was accompanied by sparks when touched. So the boy first learned what "electricity" is. This determined his whole future life.

Scientists own inventions and scientific works on:

• alternating current;
• on air;
• resonance;
• field theory;
• radio and much more.

Many associate the event, which was named with the name of Nikola Tesla, believing that the huge explosion in Siberia was caused not by the fall of the cosmic body, but by the experiment conducted by the scientist.

Natural electricity

At one time in scientific circles there was an opinion that electricity does not exist in nature. But this version was refuted when Franklin established the electrical nature of lightning.

It is thanks to her that amino acids began to be synthesized, which means that life appeared. It has been established that movements, respiration, and other processes occurring in the body arise from a nerve impulse, which has an electrical nature.

Well-known fish - electric stingrays - and some other species are protected in this way, on the one hand, and hit the victim, on the other.

Application

Electricity is connected through the operation of generators. Power plants generate energy transmitted through special lines. Current is generated by converting internal or electric. The stations that produce it, where the connection or disconnection of electricity occurs, are of various types. Among them are:

• wind;
• solar;
• tidal;
• hydroelectric power stations;
• thermal atomic and others.

Electricity is connected almost everywhere today. Modern man cannot imagine life without him. With the help of electricity, lighting is provided, information is transmitted by telephone, radio, television ... Due to it, such vehicles as trams, trolleybuses, electric trains, subway trains operate. Electric cars appear and boldly declare themselves.

If there is a power outage in the house, then a person often becomes helpless in various matters, since even household appliances work with this energy.

The unsolved secrets of Tesla

The properties of the phenomenon have been studied since ancient times. Humanity has learned how to conduct electricity using various sources. This greatly facilitated their life. Nevertheless, in the future, people still have a lot of discoveries related to electricity.

Some of them, maybe even already been made famous by Nikola Tesla, but then were classified or destroyed by him. Biographers argue that at the end of his life, the scientist burned most of the records with his own hands, realizing that humanity is not ready for them and can harm itself, using its discoveries as the most powerful weapon.

But according to another version, it is believed that some of the records were seized by US intelligence. The US Navy destroyer Eldridge, which not only possessed the ability to be invisible to radars, but also moved instantly in space, is known to history. There is evidence of an experiment after which part of the crew then died, the other part disappeared, and the survivors went crazy.

One way or another, it is clear that all the secrets of electricity have not yet been revealed. Therefore, mankind is morally not yet ready for this.

This is the ordered movement of certain charged particles. In order to correctly use the full potential of electricity, it is necessary to clearly understand all the principles of the device and the operation of electric current. So, let's figure out what work and current power are.

Where does electric current come from?

Despite the apparent simplicity of the question, few are able to give an intelligible answer to it. Of course, today, when technologies are developing at an incredible speed, people don’t really think about such basic things as the principle of electric current. Where does the electricity come from? Surely many will answer “Well, from the outlet, of course” or simply shrug. Meanwhile, it is very important to understand how the current works. This should be known not only to scientists, but also to people who are not connected in any way with the world of sciences, for their universal versatile development. But not everyone can be able to correctly use the principle of current operation.

So, for starters, it should be understood that electricity does not arise from anywhere: it is produced by special generators that are located at various power plants. Due to the work of the rotation of the turbine blades with steam obtained by heating water with coal or oil, energy arises, which is subsequently converted into electricity using a generator. The generator is designed very simply: in the center of the device is a huge and very strong magnet that makes electric charges move along copper wires.

How does electric current reach our homes?

After a certain amount of electric current has been obtained with the help of energy (thermal or nuclear), it can be supplied to people. Such a supply of electricity works as follows: in order for electricity to reach all apartments and enterprises, it needs to be “pushed”. And for this it will be necessary to increase the strength, which will do it. It is called the voltage of an electric current. The principle of operation looks like this: current passes through a transformer, which increases its voltage. Further, the electric current flows through cables installed deep underground or at a height (for the voltage sometimes reaches 10,000 volts, which is deadly for humans). When the current reaches its destination, it must again pass through the transformer, which will now reduce its voltage. Then it passes through the wires to the installed panels in apartment buildings or other buildings.

The electricity passed through the wires can be used thanks to the system of outlets, connecting household appliances to them. In the walls, additional wires are held through which electric current flows, and thanks to it, lighting and all the equipment in the house work.

What is current work?

The energy that carries an electric current, over time, is converted into light or heat. For example, when we turn on the lamp, the electrical form of energy turns into light.

Speaking in an accessible language, the work of current is the action that electricity itself produced. However, it can be very easily calculated by the formula. Based on the law on the conservation of energy, we can conclude that the electric energy did not disappear, it completely or partially changed its form, giving up a certain amount of heat. This heat is the work of the current when it passes through the conductor and heats it (heat exchange occurs). This is how the Joule-Lenz formula looks: A \u003d Q \u003d U * I * t (work is equal to the amount of heat or the product of the current power by the time during which it flows through the conductor).

What does constant current mean?

There are two types of electric current: alternating and direct. They differ in that the latter does not change its direction, it has two clamps (positive "+" and negative "-") and always starts its movement from "+". And alternating current has two terminals - phase and zero. It is because of the presence of one phase at the end of the conductor, it is also called single-phase.

The principles of a single-phase alternating current and direct current electric current are completely different: in contrast to direct current, the alternating one changes its direction (forming a flow from both the phase in the direction to zero and from zero in the direction of the phase), and its value. So, for example, alternating current periodically changes the value of its charge. It turns out that at a frequency of 50 Hz (50 vibrations per second), the electrons change their direction of motion exactly 100 times.

Where is direct current used?

DC electric current has some features. Due to the fact that it flows strictly in one direction, it is more difficult to transform. The following elements can be considered sources of direct current:

• batteries (both alkaline and acid);
• conventional batteries used in small appliances;
• as well as various devices such as converters.

DC operation

What are its main characteristics? This is work and current power, both of which are very closely related to each other. Power means the speed of work per unit time (for 1 s). According to the Joule-Lenz law, we get that the work of a constant electric current is equal to the product of the current itself, voltage and time, during which the work of the electric field was carried out to transfer charges along the conductor.

This is how the formula for finding the current work taking into account Ohm's law on resistance in conductors looks like: A \u003d I 2 * R * t (the work is equal to the square of the current strength multiplied by the value of the conductor resistance and once again multiplied by the value of the time for which the work was done).

The discovery of electricity completely changed a person’s life. This physical phenomenon is constantly involved in everyday life. Lighting of the house and the street, the work of all kinds of devices, our fast movement - all this would be impossible without electricity. This has become available thanks to numerous studies and experiences. Consider the main stages of the history of electrical energy.

Ancient time

The term "electricity" comes from the ancient Greek word "electron", which means "amber". The first mention of this phenomenon is associated with ancient times. Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Thales of Miletus   in the 7th century BC e. found that if you friction amber on the wool, then the stone has the ability to attract small objects.

In fact, it was the experience of studying the possibility of generating electricity. In the modern world, this method is known as the triboelectric effect, which makes it possible to extract sparks and attract objects with light weight. Despite the low efficiency of this method, we can talk about Thales, as the discoverer of electricity.

In ancient times, several more timid steps were taken towards the discovery of electricity:

• ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle in the 4th century BC e. studied varieties of eels capable of attacking the enemy with a discharge of current;
• the ancient Roman writer Pliny in 70 AD investigated the electrical properties of resin.

All these experiments are unlikely to help us figure out who discovered the electricity. These isolated experiments were not developed. The following events in the history of electricity took place many centuries later.

Stages of creating a theory

The XVII-XVIII centuries were marked by the creation of the foundations of world science. Since the 17th century, a series of discoveries has been made that in the future will allow a person to completely change his life.

The appearance of the term

In 1600, an English physicist and court physician published a book On Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, in which he defined electric. It explained the properties of many solids after rubbing to attract small objects. When considering this event, one must understand that this is not about the invention of electricity, but only about a scientific definition.

William Hilbert was able to invent the device, which he called the versors. We can say that it resembled a modern electroscope, the function of which is to determine the presence of an electric charge. With the help of the versor, it was found that, in addition to amber, the ability to attract light objects also has:

• glass;
• diamond;
• sapphire;
• amethyst;
• opal;
• shales;
• carborundum.

In 1663, a German engineer, physicist and philosopher Otto von Guericke   invented the apparatus, which was the prototype of the electrostatic generator. It was a ball of sulfur, mounted on a metal rod, which rotated and rubbed by hand. With the help of this invention, one could see in action the property of objects not only attracted, but also repelled.

In March 1672, a famous German scientist Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz   in a letter to Guericke   mentioned that when working with his machine, he fixed an electric spark. This was the first evidence of a mysterious phenomenon at that time. Guericke created a device that served as the prototype of all future electrical discoveries.

In 1729, a scientist from Great Britain Stephen Gray   made experiments that opened up the possibility of transmitting electric charge over small (up to 800 feet) distances. And he also found that electricity is not transmitted through the earth. In the future, this made it possible to classify all substances into insulators and conductors.

Two types of charges

French scientist and physicist Charles Francois Dufe   in 1733 discovered two dissimilar electric charges:

• "Glass", which is now called positive;
• "Tar" called negative.

Then he carried out studies of electrical interactions, which proved that oppositely electrified bodies would be attracted one to one, and repelled by the same name. In these experiments, the French inventor used an electrometer, which made it possible to measure the amount of charge.

  In 1745, a physicist from Holland Peter van Muschenbrook   invented the Leiden bank, which became the first electric capacitor. Its creator is also a German lawyer and physicist Ewald Jürgen von Kleist. Both scientists acted in parallel and independently of each other. This discovery gives scientists the full right to enter the list of those who created electricity.

October 11, 1745 Kleist made an experiment with a "medical bank" and found the ability to store a large number of electric charges. Then he informed about the discovery of German scientists, after which an analysis of this invention was carried out at Leiden University. Then Peter van Muschenbrook   published his work, thanks to which the Leiden Bank became known.

Benjamin Franklin

In 1747, an American politician, inventor and writer Benjamin Franklin   published his essay "Experiments and observations with electricity." In it, he presented the first theory of electricity, in which he designated it as an intangible liquid or fluid.

In the modern world, the surname Franklin is often associated with a hundred-dollar bill, but we should not forget that he was one of the greatest inventors of his time. The list of his many achievements includes:

1. Known today is the designation of electrical states (-) and (+).
2. Franklin proved the electrical nature of lightning.
3. He was able to come up with and present in 1752 a lightning rod project.
4. He owns the idea of \u200b\u200ban electric motor. The embodiment of this idea was the demonstration of a wheel rotating under the action of electrostatic forces.

The publication of his theory and numerous inventions give Franklin the full right to be considered one of those who invented electricity.

From theory to exact science

The conducted research and experiments allowed the study of electricity to go into the category of exact science. The first in a series of scientific achievements was the discovery of Coulomb's law.

Law of interaction of charges

French engineer and physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb   in 1785, he discovered a law that reflected the strength of the interaction between static point charges. The pendant had previously invented torsion scales. The emergence of the law took place thanks to the experiments of Coulomb with these scales. With their help, he measured the force of interaction of charged metal balls.

Coulomb's law was the first fundamental law explaining the electromagnetic phenomena with which the science of electromagnetism began. In honor of Coulomb in 1881, a unit of electric charge was named.

The invention of the battery

  In 1791, an Italian physician, physiologist, and physicist wrote a treatise on the forces of electricity in muscle movement. In it, he recorded the presence of electrical impulses in the muscle tissues of animals. And he also found a potential difference in the interaction of two types of metal and electrolyte.

The discovery of Luigi Galvani was developed in the work of the Italian chemist, physicist and physiologist Alessandro Volta. In 1800, he invented the “Voltaic pole” - a source of continuous current. It was a stack of silver and zinc plates, which were separated by paper pieces soaked in salt solution. The Volt Pole became the prototype of the galvanic cells in which chemical energy was converted into electrical energy.

In 1861, the name "volt" was introduced in his honor - a unit for measuring voltage.

Galvani and Volta are among the founders of the doctrine of electrical phenomena. The invention of the battery provoked rapid development and the subsequent growth of scientific discoveries. The end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century can be characterized as the time when electricity was invented.

The emergence of the concept of current

In 1821, a French mathematician, physicist, and naturalist Andre-Marie Ampere   in his own treatise he established a connection between magnetic and electrical phenomena, which is absent in the static electricity. Thus, he first introduced the concept of "electric current".

Ampere designed a coil with multiple turns of copper wires, which can be classified as an electromagnetic field amplifier. This invention created the electromagnetic telegraph in the 30s of the 19th century.

Thanks to the studies of Ampere, the birth of electrical engineering became possible. In 1881, in his honor, the unit of current was called an "ampere", and instruments measuring force were called "ammeters."

The law of the electric circuit

Physicist from Germany Georg Simon Om   in 1826 he introduced a law that proved the relationship between resistance, voltage, and current in a circuit. Thanks to Ohm, new terms arose:

• voltage drop in the network;
• conductivity;
• electromotive force.

In 1960, a unit of electrical resistance was named after him, and Ohm is undoubtedly included in the list of those who invented electricity.

  English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday   In 1831 he made the discovery of electromagnetic induction, which underlies the mass production of electricity. Based on this phenomenon, he creates the first electric motor. In 1834, Faraday discovered the laws of electrolysis, which led him to conclude that atoms can be considered the carrier of electric forces. Electrolysis studies have played a significant role in the emergence of electronic theory.

Faraday is the creator of the doctrine of the electromagnetic field. He was able to predict the presence of electromagnetic waves.

Public Application

All these discoveries would not have become legendary without practical use. The first possible application was electric light, which became available after the invention of incandescent lamps in the 70s of the 19th century. Its creator was a Russian electrical engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin.

The first lamp was a closed glass vessel in which there was a coal rod. In 1872, an application was filed for an invention, and in 1874 Lodygin was granted a patent for the invention of an incandescent lamp. If you try to answer the question in which year the electricity appeared, then this year can be considered one of the correct answers, since the appearance of a light bulb became an obvious sign of accessibility.

The emergence of electricity in Russia

  It will be interesting to find out in which year electricity appeared in Russia. Lighting first appeared in 1879 in St. Petersburg. Then the lights were installed on Liteiny Bridge. Then, in 1883, the first power station began to work at the Police (People's) Bridge.

Lighting first appeared in Moscow in 1881. The first urban power station was launched in Moscow in 1888.

The founding day of the energy systems of Russia is considered July 4, 1886, when Alexander III signed the charter of the “Electric Lighting Society of 1886”. It was founded by Karl Friedrich Siemens, who was the brother of the organizer of the world famous Siemens concern.

It is impossible to say exactly when electricity appeared in the world. Too many time-scattered events that are equally important. Therefore, there can be many answers, and all of them will be correct.

Among the inhabitants of the planet to find those who do not have a clue about electricity, it is difficult. But those who know when and who discovered electricity, what it consists of, who made an important and useful discovery for humanity, are few. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand what electrical phenomena are and to whom we owe their discovery.

In contact with

When and how it was discovered

The history of the discovery of this phenomenon was very long. The word itself was invented by the Greek scientist Thales. It has become derived from the concept of "electron", which translates as "amber." This term appeared BC, thanks to Thales, who noticed the property of amber after rubbing it, attracting light objects.

It happened seven centuries BC. Thales conducted many experiments, studying what he saw. These were the first experiments with charges in the world. On this his observations ended. Further, he could not advance, but it is this scientist who is considered founder of electricity theory, its discoverer, although as a science this phenomenon has not been developed. His observations were forgotten for a long time, without arousing the interest of scientists.

First experiences

In the middle of the XVII century, Otto Gerike began to research the observations of Thales. The German scientist designed the first device in the form of a rotating ball, which he fixed on an iron pin.

After his death, research was continued by other scientists:

• german physicists Bose and Winkler;
• englishman Hawksby.

They improved the device invented by Henrique and discovered some other properties of the phenomenon. The first experiments carried out using this apparatus served as an impetus for new inventions.

Discovery story

The theory of electricity was further developed several centuries later. Created the theory of W. Hilbert, who became interested in such phenomena.

At the beginning of the 18th century, it was proved that the electricity obtained by friction of different materials is different. And in 1729, the Dutchman Mushenbruck discovered that if a glass jar was sealed on both sides with stanyol leaves, electricity would accumulate there.

This phenomenon is called leiden banks.

Important!Scientist B. Franklin was the first to suggest that there are positive and negative charges.

He was able to explain the process of the Leyden jar, proving that the lining of the jar can be “forced” to be charged with charges of different signs. Franklin studied atmospheric electrical phenomena. Almost simultaneously with him, similar studies were conducted by the Russian physicist G. Richman and the scientist M.V. Lomonosov. Then there was lightning rod inventedwhose action was explained by the occurrence of a voltage difference.

A. Volt (1800) created a galvanic battery, composing it from round silver plates, between which he arranged paper pieces soaked with salt water. The chemical reaction inside the battery generated an electric charge.

The beginning of 1831 was marked by the fact that Faraday created an electric generator, the action of which was based on the discovery of this scientist .

A lot of electrical appliances were created by the famous scientist Nikola Tesla in the XX millennium. The main events in the development of electricity can be stated in this chronological order:

• 1791 - scientist L. Galvani discovered charges on conductors, i.e. electricity;
• 1800 - the current generator A. Volt;
• 1802 - Petrov discovered an electric arc;
• 1827 - J. Henry designed the insulation of wires;
• 1832 - a member of the Academy of St. Petersburg Schilling showed an electric telegraph;
• 1834 - Academician Jacobi created an electric motor;
• 1836 - S. Morse patented a telegraph;
• 1847 - Siemens proposed rubber material for insulating wires;
• 1850 - Jacobi invented the direct-printing telegraph;
• 1866 - Siemens proposed a dynamo machine;
• 1872 - A.N. Lodygin created an incandescent lamp, where he used a carbon thread;
• 1876 \u200b\u200b- the telephone was invented;
• 1879 - Edison developed the electric lighting system used until now;
• 1890 - became the starting point for the relatively widespread use of electrical appliances in everyday life;
• 1892 - the first household appliances appeared, used by housewives in the kitchen;

The list of discoveries can be continued. But all of them were already based on previous ones.

The first experiments with electricity

The first experiments with charges were carried out in 1729 by the Englishman S. Gray. During these experiments, the scientist established: not all objects transmit an electric charge. Since mid-1833, the Frenchman S. Dufé has undertaken serious research in this field of science. Repeating the experiments of Thales and Hilbert, he confirmed the existence of two types of charge.

Important!From the end of the 18th century, a new era of scientific achievements began. The Russian V. Petrov discovered the Volta Arc. Jean A. Nollay designed the first electroscope, which subsequently served as a prototype of the electrocardiograph. And 1809 was marked by an important discovery: the English scientist Delarue invented the first incandescent bulb, which gave impetus to the industrial application of the open laws of physics.

Natural phenomena associated with electricity

Nature is rich in phenomena of electrical nature. Examples of such phenomena that are associated with electricity are the northern lights, lightning, etc.

Northern Lights

The upper layers of the air shell often accumulate small particles arriving from space. Their collision with the atmosphere and dust causes a glow in the sky, which is accompanied by flashes. This phenomenon is observed by residents of the polar regions. Called this phenomenon aurora. The northern glow sometimes lasts several days, shimmering in different colors.

Lightning

Moving with atmospheric flows, cumulus clouds cause friction of droplets and ice crystals. As a result of friction, charges accumulate in the clouds. This leads to the formation of giant sparks between the clouds and the earth. This is lightning. They are accompanied by peals of thunder.

The accumulation of electric charges in the air sometimes causes the formation of small luminous balls   or large sparks. These balls and sparks are called ball lightning. They move with air, exploding from contact with individual objects. Such lightning often causes burns and death of living creatures and people, the burning of objects. Scientists can not yet accurately explain the causes of lightning.

Lights of St. Elmo

This is the name of the phenomenon familiar to sailors sailing on sailing boats from antiquity. They rejoiced when they saw the glow of the masts in bad weather. The sailors believed that the lights testify to the patronage of St. Elmo.

Glow can be observed in a thunderstorm on high spiers. The lights look like candles and brushes of blue or light purple hue. The length of these lights sometimes reaches a meter. Radiance sometimes accompanies hissingor quiet whistle.

The sailors tried to break off part of the mast with the fire. But this never succeeded, because the fire "flowed" onto the mast and climbed up it. The flame is cold, it does not ignite, it does not burn hands. And it can burn for several minutes, sometimes about an hour. Modern scientists have found that these lights are of an electrical nature.

When did electricity appear in Russia

The dates when the era of the use of electricity began in Russia are called different. It all depends on the criteria by which it is installed.

Many relate this event to the year 1879. In St. Petersburg, then were installed electric lights on Liteiny bridge. But there are people who consider the date of the appearance of electricity in Russia the beginning of 1880 - the date of the creation of the electrical department in the Russian Technical Society.

May 1883, the time when the workers performed the illumination of the Kremlin court for the coronation ceremony of Alexander III, can also be considered a significant date. For this, a power station was installed on Sofia Embankment. And a little later they electrified the main street in St. Petersburg and Zimny.

Three years later, the Russian Empire created the "Electric Lighting Society", which was engaged in the development of a plan for the installation of lamps on the streets of Moscow and St. Petersburg. And after a couple of years, construction and equipping of power plants begins throughout the empire.

What electricity consists of

Everything that surrounds us, including people, consists of atoms. An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus. Negatively charged particles called electrons rotate around this nucleus. These particles neutralize the positive charge of the nucleus. Therefore, the atom has a neutral charge. Electricity is generated directional electron movement   from one atom to another. Such an action can be carried out using a generator, friction, or a chemical reaction.

Attention!   The process is based on the property of attraction of particles having different charges, and repulsion of identical charges. The result is a current that can be transmitted through conductors (most often metals). Materials that are not capable of transmitting current are called insulators. Good insulators are wood, plastic and hard rubber objects.

How does different electricity form

Electricity is of a different nature:. In addition, there is still static electricity. It is formed when the equilibrium of charges inside the atoms is disturbed, as already mentioned.

In everyday life, a person constantly has to deal with him, since clothes of a synthetic nature are in every home. And it accumulates a charge during friction. Some items of clothing when undressing or dressing give this effect.

This is signaled by sparks and crackle. Sources of static electricity are in every apartment. These are household electrical appliances and computers that electrify the finest dust that settles on the floor, furniture surfaces and clothing. It has a negative effect on people's health.

Important!To generate electricity create a magnetic field. It attracts electrons, forcing them to move along the conductor. This process of moving particles is called electric current. With a stationary magnetic field, the current flows through the conductor constant.

Science electrodynamics

The theory of electricity contains laws covering a huge number of electromagnetic phenomena and the laws of interactions.

This is due to the fact that in all bodies are made up of charged particles. The interaction between them is much stronger than gravitational. And at present, this science is the most useful for humanity.

The founder of science recognized scientist Hilbert. Until 1600, this science was at the level of Thales knowledge. Hilbert tried to build a theory of electricity.

Before him, the properties of attraction noticed by a Greek scientist were considered only a fun fact. Hilbert made his observations using an electroscope. His research and scientific foundations became a fundamental stage in science. And the name itself began to be used since 1650.

Modern science of electrical phenomena and laws called electrodynamics. Now it’s hard to imagine life without electricity. With the help of electric current, many devices have been created to help transmit information over vast distances, even in. Technical progress has made it possible to put it at the service of all mankind, more and more revealing the secrets of this natural phenomenon. But still in this area of \u200b\u200bscience still contains a lot of unknown.

Where did the electricity come from

Who invented electricity

Who invented electricity?

1. The first mention of those that have come down to us is in Thales of Miletus, but he already writes about this as a well-known phenomenon ....
2. no one. Electricity is a natural phenomenon, so there is no need to talk about the inventor.
   Invented electric cars. And electrical devices. Starting with the electric telegraph (Lenz) and Faraday generators.
3. Incorrect question. Electricity was, is and will be. It would be better to ask who opened it
4. As for electricity, it is curious that it has been studied for many thousands of years, and we still do not know exactly what it is! Today it is believed that it consists of tiny charged particles. Electricity, according to this theory, is a moving stream of electrons or other charged particles.

   The word electricity comes from the Greek word electron. Do you know what this word means? It means amber. You see, back in 600 BC. e. the Greeks knew that if you rub the amber, then it is able to attract small pieces of cork and paper.

   The next important step was taken in 1733, when a Frenchman named du Fei discovered positive and negative electric charges, although he thought that they were two different types of electricity. Benjamin Franklin was the first to try to explain what electricity is. In his opinion, all substances in nature contain an electric fluid. Friction between some substances takes part of this fluid from one substance, adding it to another. Today we would say that this liquid consists of negatively charged electrons.

5. Development history
   XVII century and earlier vague ideas about the existence of electricity. Minerals attracting pieces of iron have been found. It is known that if some substances (amber, sulfur, etc.) are rubbed on the wool, they attract light objects.
   The 18th century will create the first electric capacitor Leiden Bank (1745). Cavendish (1773) and Coulomb (1785) discover the law of interaction of electric charges. Galvani discovers the biological effects of electricity. Volta invents a direct current source galvanic cell (1800). Franklin discovers the electrical nature of lightning (atmospheric electricity), invents a lightning rod.
   The 19th century Oersted and Ampere discover the connection between electricity and magnetism (1820). The work of Joule, Lenz, Ohm on the study of electric current. Gauss formulates the main theorem of the theory of electrostatic field (1830). Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction (1831) and the laws of electrolysis (1834), introduced the concept of electric and magnetic fields. Maxwell formulates his equations (1873). Hertz experimentally detects electromagnetic waves (1889). The electrotechnical revolution is the creation of electric batteries, electromagnets, electric lighting, telegraph, telephone, laying a transantlantic cable, electric motors, electric generators and electric vehicles (tram, trolleybus, metro).
   XX century the creation of the theory of quantum electrodynamics. The use of electricity in everyday life is everywhere, from household electrical appliances to musical power tools. The emergence and rapid development of electronics, micro / nano / pico-technologies.
   XXI century - electrical energy has finally become an integral part of life. Power outages in household and industrial networks are similar to death.
6. Edison?
7. TESLA FOR SIGNIFICANTLY AND THE INTERNET AND RADIO AND LASER
8. The first scientist who studied the properties of electricity was the court physician of Queen Elizabeth I William Gilbert. But despite his interesting discoveries, one cannot say that he or someone else from the scientists really discovered electricity, because from ancient times to the present day many scientists study the properties of electricity, analyze new forms of its application.

   Spinners in ancient Syria knew electricity. Their amber spindles were electrified when they were wrapped with wool. This kind of phenomenon (magnetism) also comes from combing hair with a plastic comb.

   The Chinese knew the properties of a magnet before the beginning of our era.

   In Greece, Falles (just do not laugh, he was really called that) discovered the magnetic properties of amber. Aristotle then studied the reaction of some eels that hit enemies with an electric charge.

   In 70 CE, the Roman writer Pliny investigated the electrical properties of resin. English physicist Robert Boyle has proven that electricity can build up. The German scientist Otto von Guericke, who lived at the same time, made the first light bulb. He rubbed a sulfur ball, and it glowed in his hands.

   Newton discovered the law of gravity, proved the existence of static electricity.

9. Michael Faraday invented electricity
10. Nicolo Tesla, in my opinion
11. for a very, very long time, electricity was used in medicine. So long ago, there are almost no facts left.
12. I didn’t invent, but I understood the principle of its work, probably the question will be more correct.
13. Yes, no one invented it. Well, if only the creator of all things! Everything has already been created before us, but we can only detect these phenomena and study.
    The ancient Greeks indulged in electrostatics (an electron from the word amber) I think this time can be considered the birth of electrostatics

As for electricity, it is curious that it has been studied for many thousands of years, and we still do not know exactly what it is! Today it is believed that it consists of tiny charged particles. Electricity, according to this theory, is a moving stream of electrons or other charged particles.

The word electricity comes from the Greek word electron. Do you know what this word means? It means amber. You see, in 600 BC. e. the Greeks knew that if you rub the amber, then it is able to attract small pieces of cork and paper.

Great progress in the study of electricity was not achieved until 1672. This year, a man named Otto von Gerrick, holding his hand against a rotating ball of sulfur, received a more powerful charge of electricity. In 1729, Stefan Gray discovered that some substances, in particular metals, can conduct current. Such substances became known as conductors. He found that other substances, such as glass, sulfur, amber and wax, do not conduct current. They were called insulators.

The next important step was taken in 1733, when a Frenchman named du Fei discovered positive and negative electric charges, although he thought that they were two different types of electricity. Benjamin Franklin was the first to try to explain what electricity is. In his opinion, all substances in nature contain an electric fluid. Friction between certain substances takes part of this fluid from one substance, adding e to another. Today we would say that this liquid consists of negatively charged electrons.

Perhaps the science of electricity began to develop rapidly from the moment Alessandro Volta invented the battery in 1800. This invention gave people the first permanent and reliable source of energy and entailed all the important discoveries in this area.