How to adopt a child from the Baby House: the necessary documents. How to adopt a child from the hospital

Friends, alas, in our time, before gaining the long-awaited happiness, it is necessary to go through many instances and obstacles. Adoption involves a huge number of formal procedures. To help you in this difficult, but very grateful business, we again publish the material provided to us by the Change one life foundation.

And today we will touch upon several topics that are most important for parents who decide to adopt a child:

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS
  - We collect documents
  - We communicate with guardianship authorities
  - We are looking for a child and arrange custody
  - Preparing for a new life
  - We make out a foster family

Introduction: custody or foster family

With the varieties of forms of family structure in Russian law, everything is much simpler than it seems. But it seems that everything is complicated, mainly because we are confused by the media. The incompetent journalists call all indiscriminately children who have found parents “adopted”, and all the families who have adopted such children as “adoptive children”. Whereas in reality, the adoptive parents of children do not adopt, but are taken into custody. But reporters have no time to understand such subtleties - that’s what they form one stereotype after another.

By and large, there are only two types of family structure in Russia - adoption and guardianship. The legal relations of adults and a child during adoption are governed mainly by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, and under guardianship (as well as guardianship and foster care) - by the Civil Code. Guardianship from custody

different age of the child (over 14 years old), and foster family is a paid form of custodywhen the guardian receives remuneration for his work. In other words: the creation of a foster family is always based on the establishment of custody or guardianship of a child. Therefore, for ease of further understanding, the phrases “foster family” and “foster parent”, as well as “guardianship” and “trustee” will only be found where it is impossible to do without them. In all other cases - “guardianship” and “guardian”.

Despite the fact that adoption is considered the priority form of family structure in the Russian Federation, today more and more citizens who want to accept a child with a difficult fate into their family are choosing custody and its derivatives. Why? Based on the interests of the child. After all   in the case of custody, the child retains its orphan status, and, consequently, all the benefits, payments and other benefits due from the state.

Choosing between adoption and guardianship, many parents put the material side of the issue at the forefront. In many regions, adoptive parents receive substantial lump sum payments. For example, residents of the Kaliningrad region can receive 615 thousand rubles for the purchase of housing on the property right of an adopted child. And in the Pskov region they give out 500 thousand rubles without any restrictions on their use. And not only to Pskov, but adoptive parents from any region.

In addition, since 2013, when adopting sisters and brothers, or disabled children or adolescents over 10 years old, the state pays parents 100 thousand rubles at a time. And if the adopted child is the second in the family, then parents can also apply for maternity capital. All these payments are a good help for improving the living conditions of the family. But, as mentioned earlier, in the event of adoption, an orphan becomes an ordinary Russian child, losing all of his orphan capital, including his own housing.

On the other hand, for a child, especially an older child, it is extremely important to realize that he is not “guardian”, but adopted, that is, he has become native not only in the hearts of loved ones, but also documented. However, quite often, adoption is simply impossible to prefer: if there are restrictions on the forms of the family structure. So, if the biological parents of the baby are not deprived of parental rights, but only limited in them, then only two forms of device will be possible for the child: guardianship (guardianship) or foster family.

Choosing between a paid and free form of guardianship, many wealthy families choose the second option - they say, why do we need to receive a reward for raising a child, we will raise him for free. Meanwhile, this small (3-5 thousand rubles per month, depending on the region) money can be used to create your own savings for a child - no one bothers to open a replenishable deposit in the name of your ward, and form a decent amount for his age: for a wedding , study, first car, etc.

Guardianship or foster family? The choice always remains with those adults who take the responsible decision to accept a child with a difficult fate into their family. The main thing is that this choice be made in the name of the child and in defense of his interests.

Who can become a guardian and what is PDS

The question in the title of this section could be answered briefly: “any adult capable citizen of the Russian Federation”. If not for some “except”.

So, before collecting documents for custody, make sure that you do not:

1) were deprived of parental rights.

2) were limited in parental rights.

3) were suspended from the duties of a guardian (trustee).

4) were the adopter, and the adoption was canceled due to your fault.

5) have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for serious or especially serious crimes.

6) * you have or had a criminal record, or you have been or have been prosecuted for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the person (except for illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, libel and insult), sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the person, as well for crimes against family and minors, public health and public morality and public safety (* - this item can be ignored if the criminal prosecution was terminated by bilitating bases).

7) you are married to a person of your gender registered in any state where such marriage is permitted, or you are not married to a person of the opposite sex, being a citizen of that state.

8) have chronic alcoholism or drug addiction

9) you cannot exercise parental rights due to health reasons **.

10) you live together with people suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others ***.

** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2
  *** - lists of these diseases can be found in Appendix 2

Another important point without a “no” particle: a citizen applying for a high guardian title must undergo psychological, pedagogical and legal training - have a certificate from the School of Foster Parents (PDS).

What gives training in the PDS in addition to the desired certificate? Host parents' schools set themselves many tasks, the first of which is to help guardian candidates in determining their willingness to accept a child, in realizing the real problems and difficulties that they will encounter in the process of raising them. In addition, the PDS identifies and builds up the educational and parenting skills necessary for citizens, including to protect the rights and health of the child, create a safe environment for him, successful socialization, education and development of the child.

However, you will not be obliged to undergo training in the PDS if you (in accordance with Article 146 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation):

Are or were an adoptive parent, and adoption has not been canceled against you.

Are you or were a guardian (trustee), and have not been suspended from the performance of your duties

Close relative of the child ****.

**** - see the benefits of close relatives in Appendix 3

Education at the School of foster parents - free. The guardianship authorities of your region should take care of this, and they will also issue a referral to the PDS. In the process of passing the program, which, by the way, must be approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, you may be asked to undergo a psychological examination - note - with your consent. The results of this examination are advisory in nature and are taken into account when appointing a guardian along with:

The moral and other personal qualities of the guardian;

The ability of the guardian to perform his duties;

The relationship between the guardian and the child;

The attitude of the child to the family members of the guardian;

The attitude of the child himself to the prospect of education in the family proposed to him (if this is possible due to his age and intellect).

The child’s desire to see a specific person as his guardian.

Degree of relationship (aunt / nephews, grandmother / grandson, brother / sister, etc.), properties (daughter-in-law / mother-in-law), former properties (former stepmother / former stepson), etc.

We collect documents

Have you made sure that none of the exceptions or circumstances mentioned in the previous chapter prevent you from becoming a guardian? Then it remains to prove this to the guardianship and trusteeship bodies by providing them with information about themselves.

If you want to take custody as soon as possible (and most of the host parents want this), it is better not to wait until the guardianship and guardianship specialists request information from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, medical and other organizations. Start acting on your own: documents can be collected in parallel with training in the PDS. The necessary forms can be obtained from the specialists of guardianship and trusteeship, or you can print it yourself *.

* - look for sample documents in Appendix 4

There are not so many documents separating you from the conclusion of the guardianship authority about the possibility of being a guardian. Another question is that some of the “pieces of paper” are given in dozens of hours of lines in different institutions. Therefore, to save time and nerves it is extremely important to understand what documents should be dealt with in the first place.

So, when collecting documents, it is advisable to adhere to the following order:

1. Medical report.   This item requires the most explanation. Firstly, a medical examination of potential guardians is carried out is free. If in any of the health care institutions in your city do not agree with this, you can safely refer to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 332 of September 10, 1996. Secondly, the same order introduced the form No. 164 / y-96, on which you have to collect two dozen seals and stamps. In total, it provides for the conclusions of eight specialist doctors - a narcologist, psychiatrist, dermatovenerologist, oncologist, neurologist, infectious disease specialist, therapist - plus the signature of the head physician of the clinic at the place of registration. As a rule, all doctors go forward and put their “not revealed” as quickly as possible. Moreover, as in any bureaucracy, incidents are possible. So, in some cities, an appointment with a narcologist and a psychiatrist will not be allowed until undergoing fluorography. And without the stamps of these specialists, an infectious disease specialist will refuse to talk with you, the test results of which have to wait up to two weeks. It’s advisable to ask about all those who have already passed such a medical examination in your area. And to plan the “chain” optimal in time and logic.

2. Help from the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs   (no criminal record, etc.). Police have the right to produce this document within a month, but also, as a rule, work more efficiently when a future guardian makes a request - especially if you have been registered in one subject of the Russian Federation all your life.

3. Statement of income for 12 months. Much depends on the accountant at your place of work, and financiers, as you know, are wayward and focused people. They may also delay the issuance of a 2-NDFL statement if the quarterly report does not allow distractions to such trifles. Therefore, it is better to request a document in advance. If you do not have income (only one spouse works), then the personal income tax of the husband / wife will do. Or any other document confirming income (for example, a bank statement of movements on the account).

4.   The document from the public utilities - HOA / DEZ / UK - at the place of registration. A copy of the financial personal account or other document confirming the right to use the premises or the right to own it.

5. Written consent of all adult family members to accept a child in the family   (taking into account the views of children living with you who have reached the age of 10). It is written in free form.

6. Autobiography. The usual resume will fit: born, studied, career, awards and titles.

7. Copy of marriage certificate   (if you are married).

8. Copy of pension certificate   (SNILS).

9. Training Certificateand (PDS).

10. Application for appointment as guardian.

In some regions of Russia, the entire package of documents can be sent via the Internet using the “Unified portal of public services”. But it is better, of course, to take the documents in person, taking with them a passport. And get acquainted with those specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship body, who will subsequently congratulate you on replenishment in the family.

Please note: absolutely all documents, their copies and other information necessary for establishing guardianship are provided is free. The "shelf life" of the most important documents (paragraphs 2-4) is one year. The medical report is valid for half a year.

We communicate with guardianship authorities

So, your package of documents - in the guardianship and trustees

wah. But even if all the documents are perfect, in order to put you on record, there is not enough of the last document, which the experts will produce themselves after a visit to your house. This visit should occur within 7 days after the submission of the main package of documents. This is an act of examining the living conditions of a citizen who has expressed a desire to become a guardian.

In this act, the guardianship authority assesses “the living conditions, personal qualities and motives of the applicant, his ability to raise a child, the relationship that has developed between family members”. In practice, it looks like this: experts come to visit you, and, inspecting the housing, ask additional questions and fill out their form, where they make the necessary notes. Searing in front of specialists or, conversely, getting up in a pose, annoyed at the interference of outsiders in private life, there is no sense. Just tell it as it is. If there are obvious flaws (for example, lack of space for classes, toys) - share plans on how you are going to fix it. Truth is always the best choice.

It happens that the specialists of the guardianship authorities are not satisfied with the footage per child. Sometimes the "tightness" is imaginary: when the number of people registered in the apartment exceeds the number of actually living citizens. This is easy to prove by providing additional documents confirming the residence of the “absent” at other addresses. If there really are few meters (the minimum living standards in each region and municipality are different, and they tend to increase), but the conditions for the child are comfortable, then the guardianship and trusteeship authority must proceed from the interests of the child. It will be useful to recall the December decree of the president “On some measures to implement state policy in the field of protecting orphans and children left without parental care”. It refers to a decrease in the requirements for the standard of living space when placing children in a family. If this also does not help, the approved inspection report can be challenged in court.

The inspection certificate is issued within 3 days, after which it is approved by the authorities, and sent to you - within 3 more days. And only after that, the guardianship and trusteeship body combines the entire package of documents and issues a conclusion on the possibility of a citizen to be a guardian. This can take up to 15 days. In the case of a positive decision, this conclusion will become the basis for registration - an entry in the journal is made within 3 days.

The conclusion about the possibility of being a guardian is a document valid for two whole years throughout Russia. With him, you can contact any guardianship authority or any regional operator of the Federal Database with a request for the selection of a child. Based on the same conclusion, the guardianship authority at the child’s place of residence will draw up an act appointing you as a guardian.

We are looking for a child and arrange custody

On how to find "their" baby (or no longer a baby), we have repeatedly told. If you intend to take a child to your family in your region, you can search officially, through the regional operator of the Federal Database (FBD). But if you are ready to go after the child even across the country, and look for it everywhere at the same time, this option will not work, because you cannot submit the application to the second operator until the first fulfills your request. In addition, the search using regional operators is designed so that you need to select a number of parameters - the age of the child, the color of eyes and hair, the presence of brothers and sisters, etc.

In practice, many happy and successful adoptive parents ended up taking not the kind of children they planned to find in the family. Everything was decided by the visual image of the child - once seen video clip   or a photo, parents could no longer think of anyone else, and completely forgot about those preferences that they imagined. So, families with “unpopular” eye and hair colors, with bouquets of diseases, along with brothers and sisters went to families. After all, the heart does not understand the parameters of the FWA.

You can not only see, but also hear the voice of your unborn child in the database of video change “Change one life” - the largest in Russia   . In a short video you will see how the child plays, moves, what he knows how to do and hear, what he lives and what he dreams about.

After the child is found, you must familiarize yourself with him and make contact, and also have the right to familiarize yourself with the documents from the personal file of the child and study the medical report on his state of health. To do this, send an application to the appropriate regional operator and fill out a questionnaire. Within 10 days you will be given information about the child. And if you are ready to go further - the direction of acquaintance.

Suppose it all ended wonderfully: you visited the child several times, perhaps even asked him for a short walk, and made the very “contact” that was mentioned in the direction. Then the most important thing remained: to draw up an act on the appointment of a guardian.

This act is attention! - drawn up by the guardianship authority at the place of residence of the child. If the boarding school or the orphanage where the child is being raised is far away, try to arrange with specialists that they try to accept the application and draw up the act in one day - otherwise you will have to travel to the remote locality twice. The fact is that after the adoption of your application, the guardianship authority will need to do a few more time-consuming cases: request information from the institution where the child is being raised, and also conduct a guardianship council. As a rule, it takes another 2-3 days.

If all goes well, you will be invited to the authority

guardianship and trusteeship for the receipt of the act and certificate of the guardian, and the institution will prepare the child and his documents.

Getting ready for a new life

So, you can be congratulated: you were given a guardian’s certificate, and the child leaves the boarding school and goes to the family!

Together with the child you will be given a couple of kilograms of documents from his personal file for signature *. Do not rush to put them in folders: you will only have a part of the documents at home: the student case (if any) will go to school, and the rest - to the archive of the guardianship and trusteeship authority now your place of residence   (registration), where you have yet to register.

* - the list of documents of the child can be found in Appendix 5

There you will write an application for a one-time allowance (today it ranges from 12.4 to 17.5 thousand rubles, depending on the region) and, if you wish, an application for the establishment of a foster family. After you register, you will have to perform a number of actions - such as opening a current account in the name of the child (receiving a Sberbank), temporarily registering the child at your place of residence, applying for a tax deduction, etc. Specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship agencies will tell you about all this. And they will also have to give you an order - permission to spend the money transferred monthly for the maintenance of the child.

If the child is a school-age child, he will also need to enroll in school (it is better to take care of this in advance), inclusion in preferential lists for summer vacations. If you plan to travel abroad - take care of obtaining a passport for a minor. If the child has savings, transfer them to a profitable replenished deposit in a reliable bank.

There is a lot of trouble, but most of them are pleasant. After all, these are the first manifestations of caring for a child and protecting his interests by you, already as his legal representative.

Making a foster family

If you nevertheless decided to register a foster family, then for this you must again return to the specialists of the guardianship and trusteeship body, and draw up an appropriate contract. The contract is concluded within 10 days from the moment you are appointed guardian and should include:

1. information about the child or children being brought up for foster care (name, age, state of health, physical and mental development);

2. The term of the contract (i.e. the period for which the child is placed in a foster family);

3. conditions of detention, upbringing and education of the child or children;

4. rights and obligations of adoptive parents;

5. rights and obligations in relation to the foster parents of the guardianship authority;

6. grounds and consequences of termination of such an agreement.

As soon as the contract is signed, gratuitous guardianship becomes paid. And now, not the guardian’s testimony, but the order to create a foster family will be the main document that says that you are the legal representative of the child.

In the office of the guardianship authority you will have to write another statement - on the payment of a monthly fee. As a rule, it is equal to the minimum wage in the region. If specified in the contract, then you may also be paid remuneration from income from the child’s property, but not more than 5% of the income for the reporting period during which the adoptive parent managed this property.

The contract can be concluded both in relation to one child, and in relation to several children. Please note - in case of a change in registration at the child’s place of residence, the contract is terminated and a new one is concluded.

In preparing the material, these manuals were used, “Socio-legal foundations of placing children without parental care in family forms of education” (Family G.V., Golovan A.I., Zueva NL, Zaitseva NG) prepared with the assistance of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and the Center for the Development of Social Projects, and taking into accountfederal law asoctober 1, 2013.

The question of how to adopt a child from the hospital is most relevant for those families whose life has developed so that they cannot have their children. Therefore, most of all they want to take babies, just born.

Parents wait months or even years for adoption of a newborn, since the lineup is huge and does not fit quickly.

In order to adopt a baby, it is necessary to collect certain documents and contact the guardianship authorities. If a couple is deemed suitable for the role of adopters of an infant, then it will receive consent. The family will have a small replenishment, which they have been waiting for so long.

Unfortunately, in maternity hospitals quite often young mothers abandon their newborn babies.

The reasons for such actions may be different:

In the future, new families or, in the worst case, orphaned homes are waiting for such refuseniks.

Adoptive candidates must be firmly convinced that they need exactly the child from the hospital, whom they can make happy.

In this case, you must go to the guardianship authorities to obtain permission for the adoption of a newborn baby.

In Russia, not only citizens of the country, but also foreigners have the right to adoption.

From a legal point of view, the adoption process is quite lengthy and complicated. Not every married couple can get permission from the relevant authorities.

Begin with a statement to the guardianship authorities. In it you need to specify your own data, as well as describe which child I would like to take in my family.

From the first second of adoption of a baby, the same legal relations are established between him and his parents as in families with native children.

In most cases, refuseniks are always the turn. Therefore, deciding on such a crucial step, one should prepare mentally and documentally.

To do this, you need to know how to adopt a child from the hospital. The procedure for adopters looks like this:

A special commission is sent to potential parents to check the living conditions. Its participants must ensure that there is a decent level of housing and living conditions for the child.

Within two weeks after consideration of the documents, a final answer will be received. Immediately after the signal about the presence of the refusenik in the hospital, you can proceed to the process of registration of the procedure in the courts.

To do this, you need to file an application with the court at the location of the hospital. Inquiries are the same. But if more than three months have passed, then they will have to be re-assembled.

The adoptive parents are exempted from paying the state fee, so you do not have to present a receipt.

An official paper from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities will be required, about their consent and approval.

In accordance with the law, the duration of the trial is approximately 2 months. But when it comes to babies, the court makes a decision fairly quickly.

To speed up this process as much as possible, you need to ask the court to appeal the decision for immediate execution. Otherwise, you have to wait 10 days until the court decision comes into effect.

If the court ruling is positive, the child can be picked up immediately. At the same time, the maternity hospital must issue a postpartum sick leave from the date the decision comes into force when the infant reaches the age of 70 days.

Then you need to contact the registry office to obtain documents for the baby.

The process of adoption of babies who are citizens of the Russian Federation is described above. Children who have the citizenship of another state are also subject to adoption.

But this will require the consent of their legal representative and the state body of that state, endowed with the necessary competencies.

Adopting a healthy child from the hospital is very difficult. Unable to give birth, many want to adopt a newborn. This is explained by a number of psychological factors. Therefore, refuseniks are in great demand.

To be able to arrange an adoption, it is necessary, before the turn, to find out what documents are needed for the procedure and collect them. Namely:

For those who are not married, but want to adopt a child, the requirements are the same as for married couples. The only difference is that instead of a marriage certificate, the court needs to provide a copy of the birth certificate.

A medical certificate requires special attention, since it consists of a whole complex of examinations. It is necessary to exclude not only AIDS, HIV and syphilis, but also any form of tuberculosis and cancer.

Adopters can be only those people who have positive characteristics, stable work and wages, suitable living space for raising a baby.

A special commission in the bodies of guardianship and trusteeship will consider a package of documents and make a conclusion, which will be transmitted to potential adoptive parents in writing.

Before taking a child for adoption from the hospital, citizens should familiarize themselves with the requirements that apply to candidates.

To obtain permission for adoption, a married couple must:

The requirements for adopters of infants are no different from the requirements for adoptive parents of older children.

Video: Terms of adoption of a child in Russia

In order for the child to consider himself a family and relations in the family have developed in the best way, do not injure the baby with information about his appearance.

The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation contains article 155, in accordance with which, the confidentiality of adoption must be respected.

This complex and lengthy legal process involves a wide range of people. These are personnel of guardianship and trusteeship, workers of the hospital, court.

To exclude the possibility of disclosure and the human factor, the law, which is valid in 2019, is allowed to change certain data:

• Name of the child;
• date of birth;
• place of Birth.

It is important to consider that if the couple improvised the pregnancy in order to keep the adoption secret, the date of birth can be changed to three months in both directions. This is allowed during adoption.

In order to preserve secrecy, the court is held closed, in addition to adoptive parents, guardianship authorities and a prosecutor are present. After the court passes a positive decision on adoption, parents will receive an extract.

Together with her and passports you need to go to the registry office, where they will issue a birth certificate for the baby.

If you wish, you can contact the guardianship authorities, and they will help arrange that the child and mother are discharged from the hospital on a certain day and take a photo for the story.

After that, you can go home to educate your baby.

Naturally, the secret of adoption makes sense only when the baby is taken in the hospital or in the baby's house. For an older child who already remembers a lot, this makes no sense.

Although adoption is a difficult process, but with good preparation and the right approach, you can deal with this quite quickly and without unnecessary problems.

Indeed, the adoption of a newborn is the dream of many couples who, for medical reasons, cannot have children.

No matter what, people want to experience the joy of being parents first hand. But such couples should have plenty of patience.

It is not worth hoping that having collected the necessary package of documents and obtaining consent to the adoption of guardianship and guardianship authorities, the baby can be adopted immediately.

Often, the waiting period lasts for many months. Since those who wish, take a baby who is not yet a week quite a lot.

Childhood is the most important time in the life of every person. It was at this time that the foundations of his character were laid, his attitude towards others, many abilities developed, the perception of the world formed. This fully depends on how the child’s childhood will pass, how much he will be surrounded by the love and care of parents, home comfort and warmth. Abandoned children are deprived of all these benefits.

Every year the number of adoptions in our country is steadily growing. Most readily, adoptive parents pick up crumbs at the age of several months. Why is this happening? What are the motives of the parents for adoption? babies and what documents are required for this? What to expect in the future?

Adoption Motives

The main reasons for adoption are only two: the inability to have their own children and a sincere desire to take care of a disadvantaged child.

In the first case, the initiator is most often a woman. She wants to fully realize herself, to surround the little man with care, to grow from him a full-fledged member of society, to give him part of her soul, to bestow affection. If mutual understanding and consent reigns in the family, the husband fully supports his wife, and ultimately they decide together to adopt the child from the orphanage.

However, it also happens that the baby regains its mother or father in an incomplete family. From a legal point of view, this is not prohibited, but these conditions create additional difficulties during the entire procedure.

The first case is the most favorable, judging by psychological standards. Often foster children fall into families where they already have their own child, and sometimes several. The main motivating factors here are a genuine desire to help the child, save him from loneliness and fear of life, to give full protection and support.

Difficulties of adoption

Before you adopt a child from the Baby House, it is important to remember that the whole procedure will take a very long time. However, if the desire is really sincere, then long periods, bureaucracy, and numerous delays will in no way become an obstacle for future parents. All of the above is a real test of the willingness to love and accept a son or daughter as they are, and not for any qualities.

An important factor is the ability to support a child. The financial side of the issue greatly affects how new homes will treat new parents. Adopting a child also means that the little man, in addition to love and care, must enjoy the material benefits to the fullest, without needing anything.

Adoption of children under three years of age

You can adopt almost a baby. That is exactly what many adoptive parents do. The child lived very little and, one might say, does not realize all the negativity of the situation that has arisen, which makes it possible in the future not to reveal to him the secret of adoption and to maximize the upbringing of the future member of society, as well as the formation of his character. It is at the age of 0 to 3-4 years that children are in the Baby House.

However, this adoption has its pitfalls. In some cases, information about real parents, their biological data, age, social status is not available, as well as the conditions in which the child was born. In any case, before you adopt a child from the Baby House, it is advisable to find out all the comprehensive information from the doctors and staff of the institution. It is also necessary that they provide information on the content of the baby and the state of his physical and psychological health.

Who can adopt a child?

After weighing the pros and cons, the moment comes when future parents have the following questions: "Where to adopt a child and how to do it?"

Since children are one of the most vulnerable social strata of the population, not everyone can adopt them. The restrictions and requirements are quite strict, however, this is caused only by the desire of the state to preserve the life and health of the baby.

Before you adopt a child from the Baby House, determine whether your candidacy meets the following conditions:

You are fully capable;

You have no criminal record for serious crimes;

You have a sufficient income, providing a living wage for each member of the future family;

You have a permanent place of residence that meets sanitary standards;

There are no serious diseases that interfere with the implementation of parental duties.

Adoption procedure

For starters, it is recommended to contact the district or city guardianship authorities. Employees will provide data on the stages of the adoption procedure, a list of necessary documents, as well as suggest information on Baby Houses. In principle, the last paragraph can be handled independently by contacting directories.

An optional, but desirable item will be training in a special school of foster parents. There, the couple will be told about all the basics and nuances of the adoption and rearing of an abandoned child, which will serve as a good preparation.

The next step is the delivery of papers to the guardianship authorities at the place of residence. After completing the application within 15 days, a representative of the guardianship authorities will come to the spouses home. He will evaluate the living conditions, as well as conduct a conversation regarding exactly why the future parents had a desire for adoption.

Further, the guardianship authorities issue an opinion on the permission for adoption. After that, you can begin to search for a child and visit the Baby Houses. As soon as the baby is selected, the necessary documents are submitted to the orphanage, and the manual provides information about the baby. A meeting of future parents with the baby is scheduled.

As a result of the meeting, the spouses make a decision on adoption, then write the corresponding application (with the application of a package of documents) to the court. In a period of up to 2 months, the authorities must make a decision on the approval of the adoption. Or refusal.

After obtaining permission, the couple goes to the Baby House, presents a court decision and personally takes the child home. The final stage is the registration of the fact of adoption in the registry office.

Required documents

Gathering the necessary certificates is the stage through which everyone who has decided to adopt a child has to go through. Documents are better prepared in advance:

1. Copies of passports of spouses.
2. Marriage certificate.
3. Medical health examinations.
4. Pensioner's ID.
5. Help from work on the amount of income.
6. Certificate of ownership of housing or lease.
7. Certificate of registration.
8. Spouses' autobiography relating to all aspects of life, including hobbies, education, work, bad habits, etc.
9. Certificate of criminal record or their absence.

Adopted Child Benefits

There are special state payments for adoptive parents, which, depending on different conditions, can have their own size and frequency:

1. Maternity allowance from the day of adoption to the expiration of 70 days (more than 1 child - 110 days). It amounts to the average earnings for the last year, but not more than 52,000 rubles.
2. One-time allowance at the time of adoption. It is 8000 rubles. If the child is disabled, then the amount increases to 100,000 rubles.
3. Monthly up to 1.5 years. It makes up 40% of the average income for the last year.
4. Mothers with the adoption of two or more children until 12/31/2016 are provided with maternity capital. The base part is 250,000 rubles.
5. Additional subsidies and payments established by the legislation of the region at the place of residence of the foster family.

Nuances

From Baby House is a very long process, which can last about 5-6 months. Therefore, very often adoptive parents are interested in whether it is possible to adopt a child faster? Experts say that it is possible to speed up the process if you prepare all the necessary documents in advance and go through several steps of the procedure in parallel. You can also familiarize yourself with the timing and state regulations of each stage and track them in a timely manner.

It is important to keep in mind that, without exception, all relatives of the adoptive family should be positively inclined towards the adopter. Otherwise, the adaptation process may be severely inhibited.

Another problem is the adoption of an absolutely healthy baby in all respects. There are a minority of such children, so the line for them, respectively, is longer. Moreover, no one can guarantee with absolute certainty that even completely at a later age he will not suffer from various kinds of deviations.

It is worth remembering that in the presence of controversial situations of adoption, you can always appeal to the court. Basically, such complaints relate to insufficiently suitable living conditions for spouses (in the opinion of the guardianship authorities).

Finally

Adopting a baby is a very responsible step. A child is not a toy that can be thrown away or given away when she is bored. Parents are fully responsible for the fate of the little man, educate him and help in the formation and formation of personality. The decision on adoption is made once and for all, as if it were a child born by you personally.

Children come to us in different ways. Someone comes with a “surprise”, someone is waiting for a very long time, and he is finally born, so welcome and long-awaited. And they are looking for someone and, having found babies in an orphanage, they bring them into their family, worried and hoping for happiness.

How to adopt a child, if such a decision is made? How to find “your” son or daughter, and what needs to be done to get permission for adoption?

What is adoption?

Adoption means not only taking care of and caring for the child, but his full adoption in the family as his own. The laws of the Russian Federation establish that an adopted child will have absolutely all the same rights as blood relatives, including the right to inherit.

Adoption of a child is the highest form of responsibility for him. From the moment you receive a court order on adoption, this child will become a member of your family and will have all legal rights.

What rights do parents get after adopting a child?

Parents, on the other hand, have the right to change their child’s name and name (if the baby is not too big), and even the place and date of birth. The latter is often used by parents in order to keep the adoption secret.

The state in this case treats the child as your own. That is, upon adoption, you may be paid a one-time allowance, but subsequently all financial worries about the children fall on the shoulders of the parents. If very young children are taken into the family, then mothers are granted leave to care for the child.

How else can I take a foster baby into the family?

In addition to adoption, there are other forms of adoption of children in the family - registration of guardianship / guardianship or obtaining foster family status. There are parents who consciously choose this path, because here the process of registration is somewhat simpler, since passage through the court session is not required.

And, having received custody, you can subsequently adopt a child through the courts.

Which children can be adopted?

Under the law, children who are left without parental care can be adopted. This category includes:

• orphans whose parents died or died;
• children whose parents independently abandoned parental rights or were deprived of them by a court decision;
• children whose parents are missing or have been proven to be incompetent.

An important point: you can only adopt a baby who has not reached the age of 18 years. At the same time, siblings will not be allowed to take in different families. That is, the state always takes into account the interests of children.

Keep this in mind when you encounter unnecessary (in your opinion) checks and difficulties. Employees of guardianship and trusteeship just want to make sure that the child will be in good conditions and that he will feel good in your family.

How and where can I find my baby?

If you think that having made a decision about what you want to bring a child to your family, you will go to an orphanage and choose from several dozen children, you are, to put it mildly, mistaken. This is again due to the state’s concern for children.

Data banks

First, you will be asked to familiarize yourself with the database collected by the guardianship authorities at the place of residence. Only after an absentee choice will you be able to get acquainted with the baby in person. Remember, adopting a child is not an easy and quick process.

The personal files of all children without parents are entered into a common database. It is for her that you will be offered to choose a candidate for a future acquaintance.

If your wishes are quite strict and you were not able to make a choice in the local base, guardianship officers should provide you with the opportunity to get acquainted with the regional and federal bases.

How is the procedure for meeting a potential family member?

What should future parents do?

1. To get acquainted not only with the photo and basic data of the adopted child.
2. Carefully study the medical record. By the way, if you are planning an adoption, you have the right to an alternative medical examination in order to thoroughly find out everything about the baby’s health status.
3. Not only is it possible, but it is also necessary to learn as much as possible about the potential son or daughter that you liked: why her parents were deprived of their rights, she has other consanguineous relatives, their attitude towards adoption, and also their desire to communicate with her later.

If you like the child, the guardianship authorities will issue a permission to visit. It should be noted that paper is one thing, and feelings and emotions are quite another. It may happen that after a personal meeting, the realization will come that the crumb you like for some reason does not suit you.

Well, that may be so. In this case, you will have to write a statement to the guardianship that you will not take this baby. With an explanation of the reasons. After which you will again be given the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the base and continue the selection.

Where else can you try to find "your" child?

In addition to the database of children in the baby’s house or orphanages, there are special sites dedicated to children who can be taken into the family. You can search the federal website for orphans, and find the websites of orphanages and baby houses on the Internet.

You can also see “your” son or daughter from a TV or computer screen, and learn about the child from numerous volunteers who work in such organizations. Look for it! Children are not always easy.

How are the requirements for future parents?

In order to become a parent, you must prove that you deserve it. From the outside, inquiries and checks of guardianship officers may seem redundant, but let's not forget that they are engaged in protecting the rights of children.

The court decision also depends on the availability of all documents. A foster baby has the right to grow up in a family where all the conditions are there for this.

1. Future parents must be healthy physically and mentally.
2. The adoptive parent must be at least 16 years older than the adopted child.
3. The living area should allow the crumb to settle there. This also applies to the footage of the room and sanitary standards.
4. Potential adoptive parents should be trained in special courses for future parents.
5. By the way, not only a married couple, but also a single adult can adopt a child. Although, let's not hide, they will have a little more questions of a psychological nature.

1. A family should have the financial ability to raise an adopted child. That is, income should at least slightly exceed the cost of living.
2. A person who has ever been declared legally incapable, or has already been deprived of parental rights in court, cannot become an adoptive parent. In addition, the child will never be given to a person who has a criminal record for a deliberate crime against the health and life of others.

Thus, in order to demonstrate its readiness for official adoption, it is necessary to bring to the guardianship authorities a set of necessary documents and certificates, as well as invite specialists to assess the condition of the home.

Only after consideration of all these points will a decision be made on the possibility of entering you in the list of adoptive parents.

What documents will be needed for adoption?

First of all, you need the very application to the guardianship authorities with a request to evaluate your candidacy as a future parent.

In addition to it, you will need the following documents:

• a copy of a common passport (if documents are submitted by the family, then copies of passports of both husband and wife are needed);
• certificate of employment about income, position held. In addition, you will be asked to bring a characterization. If the application for adoption is submitted from the family, then a certificate of income must bring both husband and wife;
• document on medical examination of future parents. This includes not only tests for HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis, but also a paper stating that you are not registered in psychiatric and narcological dispensaries;
• extract from the house book and personal account. If you own the housing, then - a document confirming this;
• certificate of criminal record;

• copy of the marriage certificate (if the adoptive parents are husband and wife);
• autobiographies of potential adoptive parents.

Adoption Algorithm: How to Act Potential Parents?

In order not to get confused in the process and not to waste extra time when adopting a child, we recommend that you act in a certain sequence.

1. Having decided to take the baby to the family, sign up for foster parents courses. This is not only a necessary formality to approve your candidacy. Many parents admitted that they received a lot of useful information in these classes, learned about future difficulties and features, and also got the opportunity to really look at the situation, evaluate their desires and get rid of illusions.
2. The next step is a visit to the local department of guardianship and trusteeship authorities. You may not have to bring all certificates and necessary documents at once. But in order to seriously talk with you, prepare at least those that do not need to be collected for a long time (passports, marriage certificate, property certificate, etc.). In addition, tune in to the fact that you will be asked "difficult" questions - about the reasons for your decision, about your housing and material conditions, will be asked to tell about yourself.
3. During this visit, you write a statement stating that you are asked to give you an opinion on the possibility of becoming an adoptive parent and on registering you as a candidate for adoptive parents.
4. Now is the time to start collecting all the certificates and certificates. Keep in mind that they all operate for a limited amount of time, so you should not stretch this “pleasure”. We add also that under the law all these documents are required to be provided to you free of charge.
5. All collected papers must be brought to the guardianship authorities and write a paper asking them to check your housing conditions.
6. After you are visited by experts, it remains to wait. Within 10-14 days you should get the result. If your candidacy is not approved, you can take into account all the shortcomings and try to correct the situation by going through all these steps again.

1. When the approval for adoption is received, you can proceed with the selection of the child. Much has been said about this above, we add only the details. An employee of the guardianship authority must help you choose an adopted child. If there is no “your” son or daughter in the local base, you have the right to consider a regional or federal base. It is not at all necessary that you will find a baby in your own city, it may well be that you want to go after him to another city.
2. When you turned your attention to a specific child, custody will give you a referral for a visit. Now you can go to see your future son or daughter in person. As a rule, adoptive parents are not allowed to communicate with other children, so most likely the child will be invited to the office of the director of the orphanage or baby house.
3. By law, you can meet with your child 10 times before making a final decision. A visit with close relatives is not forbidden - future aunts and uncles and grandparents. Whether this is necessary is up to you. Remember only that if you change your mind, the baby will be seriously injured.
4. So, you have decided to adopt this particular child. Now it's time to file an application for judicial consideration of the issue of adoption. A court hearing is always closed. It must be attended by a representative of the guardianship authorities. If you are married (married) it is better that both spouses appear in court. Your responsible attitude may affect the court decision.
5. When applying to the court, parents have the right to ask their child to change their last name, first name and even place and date of birth. Having received a court order on adoption, you can no longer change the latter.
6. When the court makes its decision on the registration of the adoption, you can go to the local registry office to get a new birth certificate for the child, where you will already be indicated by his parents. Also, a note on your daughter or son will be entered in your passport.
7. So, do not be confused by the “fatal” serial number of our algorithm, now you can take your child home. Happy new life to you!

Orphanage or baby house?

In our state, children who for some reason are left without parents are sent either to the baby’s house or to the orphanage. They differ in the age of the pupils. In the first, young children live from a year to 3-4 years old, in the second - preschool children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

What institution to pay attention to when adopting a child is up to you. Each age has its own advantages and disadvantages. It seems to many that it is best to take a very small baby, ideally a newborn.

But, of course, such children, left without parental care at such an early age, are unlikely to be enough for everyone. Moreover, the grown-up guys in the same way need family care and love.

State aid for adopted children

Monitoring the living standards of the adopted baby

In the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to protecting the interests of children. After you take the child into the family, representatives of the custody of the place of residence for several years will continue to monitor the situation.

As a rule, this control is expressed in the fact that in the first three years, representatives of the guardianship will visit you and check in what conditions the adopted child lives and how the process of his adaptation goes.

If you find this unpleasant and offensive, remind yourself again that all these measures are taken only to give the child the opportunity to live well and happily.

Mystery of adoption

For you, the state also provides assistance. First of all, it is the secret of adoption. From now on, this is your child, and if you want the adoption information to remain hidden from outsiders, it will be so. The law stands to protect your interests.

In addition, families with adopted children have a number of benefits. You can find out about them from your guardianship representative. Note that the state does not pay any benefits other than lump-sums after the child becomes yours under the law. As they say, "called a cargo - climb into the back."

Despite this, you will receive much more - your child, the opportunity to feel like a parent, to open for another person a world full of joy and new opportunities.

Caring for the baby will give you the opportunity to prove yourself in a new, better way. Of course, difficulties and disappointments will be waiting for you along this path, but you yourself knew that adopting a child and raising him as your own is not an easy task.

Every tenth couple in Russia, due to the inability to give birth and raise their babies, faces the process of adopting a child from an orphanage. In practice, it has been shown that orphans become closest to foster parents in a new family, they are loved the most, and foster parents get a tremendous opportunity to become full-fledged parents.

If you want to adopt a child, you can go to this site https://www.babyblog.ru/community/lenta_cat/adoption/13910. Here is a catalog of photographs of children from a baby house who are looking for their parents.

And on this site https://changeonelife.ru / you can not only choose a baby's house, but also make a donation to the prosperous life of orphans.

Both residents and non-residents of the Russian Federation can adopt a child from an orphanage. There is one system by which a child can be adopted from an orphanage, as well as laws that control this system.

Usually, young parents try to adopt a child up to one year old.   This suggests that the child in these years does not know his real parents, which means that you can not tell him the truth. For such purposes, an infant up to one year old can be adopted and obtained permission to enter a new date of birth on the certificate.

Children who can be adopted

Children can be adopted only by minors, given their interests and the ability to provide them with a full life.

  You can adopt a baby if its blood parent or both parents:

• abandoned him;
• died;
• recognized as missing;
• recognized as unemployed;
• deprived of parental rights;
• do not live with a child and refuse to raise him;

Different families cannot adopt brothers and sisters, except in situations where adoption is for the benefit of children (for example, they do not know about the existence of blood brothers and sisters, have not lived together, are in different houses of the baby).

Only the court can agree to the adoption of the baby.   On some day, a trial is underway that announces the final adoption decision. If the court made a positive decision, the baby will be issued a birth certificate, which will be spelled out the name of his adoptive parents.

If the court decision is not in your favor, it can be appealed when applying to higher authorities, but usually for adoptive parents the adoption procedure is successful.

Adoptive Requirements

The law spells out the requirements for the adoptive parent, but in the reverse order, indicating the most important points.

If these items are available to foster parents, they may rightfully be refused:

• facesrecognized as unemployed;
• spouses, one of which is recognized as unemployed;
• faceswho have been deprived of parental rights;
• faceswho cannot be guardians by decision of a judicial institution;
• adoptive parents in the pastwhose adoption the court rejected by their mistake;
• faceswho cannot fulfill parental rights due to health reasons;

Collection of documents

In order to adopt a child from a baby’s house, it is important to collect a package of documents:

1. You must write a statement to the guardianship service.
2. Duplicate passports of adoptive parents.
3. Documents on income.
4. Written consent for adoption, certified by a notary.
5. Medical report on health status.
6. Documents on the availability of living space.
7. The employer must write a description of the adoptive parents.

Adoption Payments

The amount of payments for adoption should be indexed every year along with annual inflation, because in 2016 such a payment is officially 15 thousand rubles.

This amount can increase to 100 thousand rubles, if you adopt children of a special category, which are usually attributed to:

• disabledwho have not reached the minority;
• to kid   7 years old;
• simultaneous adoption   2 or more children;

Trial

The adoption trial is closed.   Only those people who participate in the trial and are related to adoption can attend it. There should not be outsiders. If the adoptive parents want to keep the adoption secret, then each participant signs a non-disclosure document.

The court considers the case in the presence of the prosecutor, the applicants, the guardianship authorities. By the way, the court can conduct the process without a representative of the baby’s house. The trial begins with a personal verification of each participant.

The court makes a decision after the end of the case. He makes a decision in the name of the Russian Federation. The decision is signed by the judge. If you disagree with the decision, you can contact the higher authorities.

Governmental support

Law of the Russian Federation 10 “On the state budget” for the period of 2016, prescribes the amount of indexation of federal benefits to people who have adopted children, amounting to 15 thousand rubles.

The amount of the benefit is paid together with the regional indicator. Adopters may be granted benefits and additional payments.

Every month in the Russian Federation a benefit is paid. To resolve the issue of granting benefits, contact the department of guardianship, which is located at the place of permanent registration. The allowance is paid at the place of registration.

Foster parents can claim compensation, which is assigned in the amounts of:

1. For the first child   the amount is 20% of the parental salary, which is taken for the maintenance of the child in a special educational institution.
2. For the second child   the amount is 50% of the parental salary.
3. On the third child   the amount is 70% of the parental salary.

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