How acid is diluted with water. Dilution and mixing of sulfuric acid
1. Are the following statements about the rules of a safe work in the school la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. When conducting experiments with con-cent-three-ro-van-ny-ras-you-ra-mi sour-lot and shit-lo-who not-about-ho-di - I always have re-zi-new per-chat-ki.
B. Experiments with le-tu-chi-mi, poison-vi-you-things-things are carried out only under traction.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
2. Which of the gases, in-pa-da-yu-shih in at-mo-sphere-in re-zul-ta-te de-i-tel-nosti man-ve-ka, is more tok-si-chen?
1) CO2 2) NO23) CH4 4) H2
3. What mixture can be filmed?
1) sa-ha-ra and water
2) sand and water
3) water and ben-zi-na
4) sand and sa-ha-ra
4. Are the judgments about the safe-dangerous treatment with chi-mi-ch-stuff-stuff correct?
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
5. Are the following statements about the rules of work in the school la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. For any po-su-de, in which-swarm are stored substances, there should be these-ket-ki with a name-ni-mi or a form -la-mi substances.
B. Experiments with go-ryu-chi-mi and food-ki-mi-things-things-not-about-ho-di-mo in glasses-own or la-bo -ra-torous.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
6. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
B. Sulfur-ny sour-lo-that should be dissolved in hot water.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
7. Are the following judgments about pure substances and mixtures and ways of their separation correct?
A. Pure substances have a hundred-yang composition.
B. A mixture of boiled salt with a river sand can be poured with a little more water and after that fil-tro-va-nia and you-pa-ri-va-nia.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
8. Are the following statements about exhaust gases av-to-mo-bi-lei true?
A. The most harmful com-p-nent of exhaust gases is CO2, since it is a steam-no-gas.
B. Nitrogen oxides are formed during the inter-and-mo-action of the auto-mo-bil-no-go fuel with nitrogen air -Ha.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
9. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-ry and with pre-pa-ra-ta-mi would-that-howling chemistry?
A. In la-bo-ra-to-rii for-chie sour-lo-you in the ras-tv-re determine the taste.
B. When working with pre-pa-ra-ta-mi chemistry, containing alkali, not-about-ho-di-mo use-pol-zo -to re-zi-new per-chat-ki.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
10. Are the judgments about the ways of deciding the mixture correct?
A. A mixture of eta-no-la and water can be dis-poured with the help of a de-li-tel-noy.
B. The effect of a magician on a mixture of iron and alu-mi-ni-e-opi-lok is a physical way of times -de-lesion of substances.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
11. Are the following judgments about the treatment of g-za-mi in the process of la-bo-ra-tory experiments true?
A. Before burning the water, it is not-about-ho-di-mo to trust it for chi-one.
B. By-lo-cha-e-my from ber-to-le-to-how salt, chlorine cannot be determined by z-pa-hu.
1) Only A is correct
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
12. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. When heating-up, pro-bir-ki with a solution of boiled salt, not-about-ho-di-mo, use-use-protect glasses.
B. When mixing the liquid in the probe, you can close the opening of the probe with your hand.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
13. Are the following judgments about the process of filtering and about the use of chi-mi-ch-ry-ak correct? -th-lo-ve-com?
A. To speed up the process of filtering, the beveled end of the crows should be pressed against the wall hee-mi-che-sko th hundred-ka-na.
B. At the core of you-melt-ki chu-gu-na and steel lie oxide-li-tel-vos-hundred-but-tel-nye re-actions.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
14. Sodium chloride can be poured out of its water-based solution with water
1) filtration
2) you-pa-ri-va-nia
3) magician
4) from-hundred-and-va-nia
15. Are the judgments about the ways of deciding the mixture correct?
A. It is possible to purify sea water from the salts dissolved in it with the help of a filtration.
B. Pe-re-gon-ka is-la-is-sya chi-mi-che-sko-so-bom raz-de-le-niya mix-this
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
16. Are the judgments about the rules of the use and storage of the pre-pa-ra-tos of everyday chemistry correct?
A. Aero-zo-li, use-use-zu-u-schi-e-Xia as a means for the fight against would-that-you-mi on-se-to-us, safe for children and animals.
B. Ras-tv-ri-te-li and my-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-u-l-e-t-h-t-h-st to store-thread in places accessible to children.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
17. Are the judgments of the safe-dangerous treatment with chi-mi-ch-mi-stuff true?
A. A single mercury thermo-meter and the mercury flowing out of it should be thrown into the garbage bucket.
B. Kras-ka-mi, containing lead ions, do not re-co-me-do-it-ss to cover children's games and su-doo.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
18. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work-you in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. Methane produces explosive mixtures with air.
B. Dissolve the sulfur-sour sour-lo-that follows, adding water to it.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
19. Are the following statements about pure substances and mixtures true?
A. Natural gas is a pure substance.
B. Diamond is a mixture of substances.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
20. Are the following statements about water true?
A. Sea water ob-la-yes-is more dense than river-naya, since it contains a lot more state of dissolved salts.
B. Water ob-la-da-et pa-my-tyu, that's why water can be used for za-pi-si in-for-ma-tion.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
21. Are the following judgments about the rules of the storage and reception of vi-ta-mi-nov true?
A. Vi-ta-min C can be consumed in an unlimited number.
B. It is possible to keep the thread and accept the mother of the wi-ta-min-ni during the non-limited-chen-no-go per-ri-o-da time-no.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
22. Are the following statements about coal-sour gas true?
A. The amount of coal-le-sour-gas in the at-mo-sphere-re-one hundred-yan-but grows bla-go-da-rya de-i-tel-no- st man-ve-ka.
B. Coal-le-sour gas - the most harmful com-p-nent of exhaust gases.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
23. What implications in drinking water are the most toxic for a person?
1) chlorides of sodium and calcium
2) sul-fa-you calcium and magnesium
3) salts of lead and mercury
4) rass-your-ri-my car-bo-na-you
24. Are the following statements about the rules of work in the school la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. Substances, na-ho-dya-shi-e-Xia in la-bo-ra-to-riy, forbid-to-taste, even if they in everyday life, they consume it for food (for example, sodium chloride).
B. When souring acid on the skin, wash the affected area with a large amount of alkali solution.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
25. Are the following statements about the rules of safe-work in the school la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. In order to extinguish the flame of spirits, it should be blown out.
B. When gri-va-nii pro-bir-ki with a solution, it should be ra-po-la-gat strictly ver-ti-cal-no.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
26. Are the following statements about the rules of work in the school la-bo-ra-to-rii true?
A. All experiments, pro-di-my in the la-bo-ra-to-rii, should-be-pi-sa-ny in the la-bo-ra-tor-ny journal.
B. When heating-up liquid and solid substances in probes and counts, you cannot direct their holes on yourself and with-se-dei ...
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
27. Are the following judgments about the correctness of the storage of vi-ta-min and the pre-knowledge of my means true? ?
A. Keeping vi-ta-min-no does not require strict compliance with the rules indicated in the instructions.
B. To remove greasy stains from the top-of-the-t-s-dy tse-le-so-o-d-but-use-to-use my means things that have an alkaline environment.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
28. Are the judgments about the safe-dangerous treatment with chi-mi-ch-stuff-stuff true?
A. A single mercury thermo-meter and the mercury flowing out of it should be thrown into the garbage bucket.
B. Kras-ka-mi, containing the co-unity of the lead, do not re-co-me-do-it-sya to cover the children's needles rush-ki and in-su-du.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
29. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. In la-bo-ra-to-rii, it is impossible to know-to-play with substances.
B. Water can be drunk in any glass-lian-noy in-su-de.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
30. Are the judgments about the safe-dangerous treatment with chi-mi-ch-stuff-stuff true?
A. A single mercury thermo-meter and the mercury flowing out of it should be thrown into the garbage bucket.
B. Kras-ka-mi, containing the co-unity of the lead, do not re-co-me-do-it-sya to cover the children's needles rush-ki and in-su-du.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
31. Are the following statements about ozone true?
A. Ozone in the stra-to-sphere absorbs the part of ul-tra-fi-o-le-to-go from-ray, protecting from this from -Lu-che-niya live or-ha-niz-we.
B. Ozone is a completely harmless gas, that's why it is pre-almost use-to-use instead of chlorine for water purification.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
32. Are the judgments about eco-logical safety-security correct?
A. Do not re-co-men-do-e-xia-eat-to-consume fruit-to-vegetable crops grown by vb-li-zi-zi roads and auto-mo-bile ma-gi-stra-lei.
B. Vegetable plants, grown with the use of zo-va-no, from the everyday life of mineral fertilizers, not before -stav-la-yut dangers for or-ha-niz-ma che-lo-ve-ka.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
33. Are the judgments about the ways of deciding the mixture true?
A. You-pa-ri-va-nie ot-no-sit to the physical sp-co-bam raz-de-le-niya mix-sei.
B. Separation of a mixture of water and eta-no-la, it is possible, with-so-bom fil-tro-va-nia.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
34. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-rii and storage of substances in everyday life?
A. When-pa-da-nii ras-t-u-ra-s-lo-you on the skin, it should be rinsed with water and treated with r-t howl soda.
B. Easy-to-vos-pl-me-nya-yu-shchi-e-ya liquid-ko-sti, for example, ace-tone, if-res-sha-e-ha-t-only to the ho-lo-dil-ni-ke.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
35. Are the following judgments about the ways of mixing the mixture true?
A. For separation of a mixture of river sand and iron opiqs, you can use a magnet.
B. To remove the sediment from the solution, you can use the filter-trough boo-ma-gu.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
36. Are the following statements about water true?
A. Water-to-water-water contains a mixture of dissolving salts - sul-fa-tov and hydro-ro-kar-bo-na-tov.
B. Water ob-la-da-et pa-me-tyu, for-this-me-ha-ni-che-action, for example, sound-ko-le ba-niya, me-nya-yut its properties.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are true
4) both statements are not true
37. Are the following judgments about the rules of the safe-work in the chi-mi-che-la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. In the men-zur-ke, you can heat water.
B. Hot-rya-n-try can be brushed with water.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
38. Are the following judgments about the ways of combining gases in the la-bo-ra-to-rii correct?
A. Ug-le-sour gas can be collected into a vessel in a way that you can blow out air.
B. Kis-lo-rod can be collected in a vessel and the way-so-bom-vy-vy-ne-ni-na-du-ha, and the way-so-bom vy-vy-ne-nia-nia-niya-ha.
1) Only A is correct
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
39. Are the following judgments about the ways of getting coal-le-acid gas in la-bo-ra-to-ry true?
A. Coal-le-sour gas in the la-bo-ra-to-rii on-ray-cha-yut raz-lo-no-e-kar-bo-na-ta-cal-ction at heating -wah-nii.
B. For la-bo-ra-tor-tory experiments, coal-le-sour gas will be received with heating-up of carb-na-ta am-mony ...
1) Only A is correct
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
40. Are the judgments about the eco-logical safety of the chi-micro-products correct?
A. You-throws of sulfur-no-one-hundred-th gas, ob-ra-zu-yu-shch-go-Xia in the process of receiving sulfuric acid , in-li-li-tel-but-I-affect the health of man-ve-ka, the growing and living world.
B. From-go-dy pe-re-work-ki of lead-ores do not represent a threat to the environment and health lo-ve-ka.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are not correct
How to mix two liquid substances? For example, some acid and water? It would seem that this task is from the series "twice two - four". What could be simpler: pour the two liquids together, in some suitable container, and that's it! Or pour one liquid into a container where another is already located. Alas, this is the same simplicity, which, according to the apt popular expression, is worse than theft. As the case may end extremely sad!
Instructions
There are two containers, one of them contains concentrated sulfuric acid, the other contains water. How to mix them correctly? To pour acid into water or, conversely, water into acid? In theory, the cost of a wrong decision can be a low score, but in practice, at best, a severe burn.
Why? But because concentrated sulfuric acid, firstly, is much denser than water, and secondly, it is extremely hygroscopic. In other words, it actively absorbs water. Third, this absorption is accompanied by the release of a large amount of heat.
If water is poured into the container with concentrated sulfuric acid, the very first portions of water will "spread" over the surface of the acid (since water is much less dense), and the acid will greedily absorb it, releasing heat. And this heat will be so much that the water literally "boils" and splashes will fly in all directions. Naturally, without passing the unlucky experimenter. It is not very pleasant to burn yourself with "clean" boiling water, and if you consider that there will probably still be acid in the water spray. The prospect is getting dull!
That is why many generations of chemistry teachers forced their students to literally memorize the rule: “First water, then acid! Otherwise, a big trouble will happen! " Concentrated sulfuric acid should be added to the water in small portions with stirring. Then the unpleasant situation described above will not happen.
A reasonable question: it's clear with sulfuric acid, but what about other acids? How to mix them properly with water? In what order? You need to know the density of the acid. If it is denser than water, for example, concentrated nitrogen, it, just like sulfuric, should be poured into water, observing the above conditions (little by little, with stirring). Well, if the density of the acid differs very slightly from the density of water, as in the case of acetic acid, then it makes no difference.
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The percentage concentration of the solution expresses the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution as a whole. If we begin to dilute the solution by adding a solvent to it, the mass of the solute will remain unchanged, and the mass of the solution will increase. The ratio of these masses (concentration of the solution) will also decrease as many times as the mass of the solution will increase. If we begin to concentrate the solution by evaporating the solvent, the mass of the expansion will decrease, and the mass of the solute will remain unchanged. The mass ratio (concentration of the solution) will increase as many times as the mass of the solution decreases. It follows that the mass of the solution and the percentage concentration are inversely proportional to each other, which in mathematical form can be expressed like this: l. This pattern underlies the calculations for dilution and concentration of solutions. Example 1. There is a 90% solution. How much should you take to make 500 kg of a 20% solution? Decision. According to the relationship between the mass and the percentage concentration of the solution Hence, therefore, it is necessary to take 111 kg of a 90% solution and add so much solvent to it so that the mass of the solution becomes equal to 500 kg. Example 2. There is a 15% solution. To what mass should 8.50 tons of this solution be evaporated to obtain a 60% solution? Decision. If the quantities of solutions are given in volume units, they must be listed by weight. In the future, carry out the calculation according to the above method. Example 3. There is a 40% sodium hydroxide solution with a density of 1.43 kg / l. How much of this solution needs to be taken to prepare 10 liters of a 15% solution with a density of 1.16 kg / l? Wounding "Calculate the mass of a 15% solution: kg n the mass of a 40% solution: Determine the volume of a 40% solution: Example 4. There is 1 liter of a 50% solution of sulfuric acid with a density of 1.399 kg / l. To what volume should this solution be diluted to obtain an 8% solution with a density of 1.055 kg / l? Decision. We find the mass of a 50% solution: kg and the mass of an 8% solution: Calculate the volume of an 8% solution: V - - 8.288 -. \u003d 8 l 288 ml Example 5. 1 l of a 50% solution of nitric acid, the density of which is 1.310 g / lm, was diluted with 690 ml of water. Determine the concentration of the resulting solution *. Decision. We find the mass of a 50% solution: yours \u003d g and the mass of a diluted solution: We calculate the concentration of a diluted solution: 1 Examples 5,6,7 are taken from the book Ya L. Goldfarb, Yu. V. Kholakov “Collection of tasks and exercises in chemistry ". M., "Education", 1968b Example in. There is a 93.6% acid solution with a density of 1.830 g / ml. How much of this solution is required to prepare 1,000 liters of a 20% solution with a density of 1.140 g / ml, and how much water is required for this? Decision. Determine the mass of a 20 percent solution and the mass of a 93.6 percent solution required to prepare a 20 percent solution: Calculate the mass of water required to prepare a diluted solution: Find the volume of a 93.6 percent solution: Example 7. How many milliliters of sulfuric acid with a density of 1 , 84 g / ml is necessary for the preparation of 1,000 l of battery acid with a density of 1.18 g / ml) The percentage concentration of the solution and its density are in a certain relationship, fixed in special reference tables. Using them, you can set the concentration of the solution by its density. According to these tables, sulfuric acid with a density of 1.84 g / ml is 98.72 percent, and a density of 1.18 g / ml is 24.76-
