Heroism of children in the occupied territories. Children - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
June 22, 1941 for the bulk of the people began as a normal day. They did not even know that soon this happiness would not be anymore, and that children who were born or will be born from 1928 to 1945 will have their childhood stolen. Children suffered in the war no less than adults. The Great Patriotic War forever changed their life.
Children in the war. Children forgot how to cry
In war, children forgot how to cry. If they fell to the Nazis, they quickly realized that it was impossible to cry, otherwise they would shoot. They are called "children of war" not because of their birth date. The war brought them up. They had to see real horror. For example, often the Nazis shot children just for fun. They did this only to watch how they scattered in horror.
They could have chosen a living target just to practice accuracy. Children cannot work hard in the camp, which means they can be killed with impunity. So the Nazis thought. However, sometimes in the concentration camps there was work for children. For example, they often were blood donors for soldiers of the Third Reich army ... Or they could be forced to remove ashes from the crematorium and sew them up in bags to fertilize the ground later.
Children that no one needed
You can’t believe that they left the camps of their own free will. This "goodwill" was personified by the barrel of an assault rifle in the back. Fascists “sorted” suitable and unsuitable for work very cynically. If the child reached the mark on the wall of the hut, then he was fit to work, to serve “Great Germany”. Did not reach - sent to the gas chamber. The kids were not needed by the Third Reich, so their fate was only one. However, at home, not everyone was waiting for a happy fate. Too many children in the Great Patriotic War lost all their relatives. That is, only the orphanage and half-starved youth awaited them at home during the post-war devastation.
Children brought up by work and true valor
Very many children, already at age 12, got up to machine tools in factories and factories, worked at construction sites along with adults. Due to far from childish hard work, they matured early and replaced their brothers and sisters with dead parents. It is the children in the war of 1941-1945. helped to keep afloat, and then restore the country's economy. They say that there are no children in a war. This is actually so. In the war they worked and fought along with adults, both in the army and in the rear, and in partisan units.
It was commonplace that many adolescents added a year or two to themselves and went to the front. Many of them, at the cost of their lives, collected ammunition, machine guns, grenades, rifles and other weapons remaining after the fighting, and then transferred them to the partisans. Many were engaged in partisan reconnaissance, worked as coherent in the units of popular avengers. They helped our underground members arrange shoots of prisoners of war, rescued the wounded, set fire to German warehouses with weapons and food. Interestingly, not only boys fought in the war. Girls did this with no less heroism. Especially a lot of such girls were in Belarus ... The courage of these children, the ability to sacrifice for the sake of only one goal, made a huge contribution to the common Victory. All this is true, but these children died tens of thousands ... Officially in our country, 27 million people died in this war. Of these, only 10 million military personnel. The rest are civilians, mostly children who died in the war ... Their number cannot be calculated accurately.
Children who really wanted to help the front
From the first days of the war, children wanted to help adults in every possible way. They built fortifications, collected scrap metal and medicinal plants, took part in collecting things for the army. As already mentioned, the children worked for days in the factories instead of their fathers and older brothers who went to the front. They collected gas masks, made smoke bombs, fuses for mines, fuses for. In school workshops, in which before the war the girls had labor lessons, they now sewed underwear and tunics for the army. Warm clothes were also knitted - socks, mittens, sewed tobacco pouches. Children also helped the wounded in hospitals. In addition, they wrote letters to relatives under their dictation and even staged concerts and performances that caused a smile among adult men, exhausted by the war. Feats are accomplished not only in battles. All of the above is also the exploits of children in war. And hunger, cold and illness in two ways dealt with their lives, which had not yet had time to really begin ....
Sons of the regiment
Very often in the war, along with adults, teenagers aged 13-15 fought. This was not something very surprising, since the sons of the regiment have served in the Russian army since ancient times. Most often it was a young drummer or young man. On Velikaya there were usually children who lost their parents, killed by the Germans or driven into concentration camps. This was the best option for them, because staying alone in the occupied city was the worst. A child in such a situation was threatened only by starvation. In addition, the Nazis sometimes amused themselves and threw a piece of bread to hungry children ... And then they fired a burst from a machine gun. That is why units of the Red Army, if they were passing through such territories, were very sensitive to such children and often took them with them. As Marshal Baghramyan mentions, often the courage and ingenuity of the sons of the regiment amazed even experienced soldiers.
The exploits of children in war deserve no less respect than the exploits of adults. According to the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, 3,500 children who were less than 16 years old fought in the army during World War II. However, these data cannot be accurate, because they did not take into account young heroes from partisan detachments. Five were awarded the highest military award. We’ll talk about three of them in more detail, although these were far from all, especially distinguished children-heroes in the war who deserve mention.
Valya Kotik
14-year-old Valya Kotik was a partisan-scout in the Karmelyuk detachment. He is the youngest hero of the USSR. He carried out the instructions of the Shepetovka military intelligence organization. His first task (and he successfully completed it) was to liquidate the detachment of the field gendarmerie. This task was far from the last. Valya Kotik died in 1944, 5 days after he turned 14.
Lenya Golikov
16-year-old Lenya Golikov was a scout of the Fourth Leningrad partisan brigade. With the outbreak of war, he went into partisans. Slender Lenya looked even younger than his 14 years (that is how much he was during the beginning of the war). Under the guise of a beggar, he went around the villages and passed on important information to the partisans. Lenya participated in 27 battles, undermined vehicles with ammunition and more than a dozen bridges. In 1943, his unit could not get out of the encirclement. Few managed to survive. Leni was not among them.
Zina Portnova
17-year-old Zina Portnova was a scout of the partisan detachment named after Voroshilov in Belarus. She was also a member of the underground Komsomol-youth organization Young Avengers. In 1943, she was instructed to find out the reasons for the collapse of this organization and to establish contact with the underground. Upon her return to the detachment, the Germans arrested her. During one of the interrogations, she grabbed the pistol of a fascist investigator and shot him and two other fascists. She tried to escape, but was seized.
As mentioned in the book “Zina Portnova” by the writer Vasily Smirnov, the girl was tortured severely and sophisticatedly so that she would give the names of other underground activists, but she was unshakable. For this, the Nazis called her in their protocols “Soviet gangster”. In 1944, she was shot.
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School in the partisan region.
T. Cat. , From the book "Hero Children",
Bogged down in a swampy swamp, falling and rising again, we went to our partisans. In their native village Germans raged.
And for a month the Germans bombed our camp. “The partisans are destroyed,” they finally sent a report to their high command. But invisible hands again derailed the trains, blew up weapons depots, and destroyed German garrisons.
Summer is over, autumn has already tried on its colorful, crimson outfit. It was hard for us to imagine September without school.
- I know what letters! - said eight-year-old Natasha Drozd once and brought out a round “O” with a stick in the sand and an uneven “P” gate nearby. Her girlfriend drew a few numbers. The girls played at school, and neither one nor the other noticed with what sadness and warmth the commander of the partisan detachment Kovalevsky was watching them. In the evening at the council of commanders, he said:
“The kids need a school ...” and added quietly: “You cannot deprive them of their childhood.”
That same night, Komsomol members Fedya Trutko and Sasha Vasilevsky went on a combat mission, with them Pyotr Ilyich Ivanovsky. They returned a few days later. From the pockets, because of the sinus, pencils, pens, primers, booklets were taken out. Peace and home, with great human concern, came from these books from here, among the swamps where there was a mortal battle for life.
“It is easier to blow up the bridge than to get your books,” Pyotr Ilyich gaily gritted his teeth and pulled out ... a pioneer bugle.
None of the partisans said a word about the risks they were exposed to. There could be an ambush in each house, but it never occurred to any of them to refuse the task, to return empty-handed. ,
Three classes were organized: first, second and third. School ... Stakes driven into the ground intertwined with a vine, a cleared area, instead of a board and chalk - sand and a stick, instead of a school stump, instead of a roof overhead - a disguise from German aircraft. In cloudy weather mosquitoes prevailed, sometimes snakes crawled, but we paid no attention to anything.
How the children treasured their clearing school, how the teachers caught every word! There were one or two textbooks per class. There were no books at all in some subjects. Many things were remembered from the words of the teacher, who sometimes came to the lesson right from the combat mission, with a rifle in his hands, belted with a ribbon with cartridges.
The soldiers brought everything that they managed to get for us from the enemy, but there was not enough paper. We carefully removed the birch bark from the fallen trees and wrote on it with coals. There was no case that someone did not complete their homework. Only those guys who were urgently sent to scout missed classes.
It turned out that we had only nine pioneers, the remaining twenty-eight guys had to be accepted as pioneers. From a parachute presented to the partisans, we sewed a banner, made a pioneer uniform. The partisans accepted the pioneers, the commander of the detachment tied ties with the newly arrived. The headquarters of the pioneer squad was immediately elected.
Without stopping classes, we built a new dugout school by winter. To warm it, a lot of moss was needed. They pulled it out so that their fingers hurt, sometimes they tore off their nails, painfully cut their hands with grass, but no one complained. Nobody demanded excellent study from us, but each of us made this requirement. And when the hard news came that our beloved comrade Sasha Vasilevsky had been killed, all the pioneers of the squad made a solemn oath: to study even better.
At our request, the squad was given the name of a deceased friend. On the same night, avenging Sasha, the partisans blew up 14 German cars, derailed the train. The Germans threw 75 thousand punishers against the partisans. The blockade began again. All who knew how to handle weapons went into battle. Families retreated into the depths of the swamps, and our pioneer squad retreated. Clothes froze on us, ate flour once boiled in hot water once a day. But, retreating, we captured all our textbooks. At the new place, classes continued. And the oath given to Sasha Vasilevsky, we kept. In the spring of exams, all the pioneers answered without hesitation. Strict examiners - detachment commander, commissioner, teachers - were pleased with us.
As a reward, the best students received the right to participate in shooting competitions. They fired from the pistol of the squad leader. It was the highest honor for the guys.
1941 -1945 Children –Heroes of the Great Patriotic War Nikita Kakhanovich, Ivan Zhigadlo, 6th grade, MBOU “Dedovichi Secondary School No. 2”
Valentin Aleksandrovich Kotik or Valya Kotik, was born in Ukraine. When the Germans occupied the Shepetovsky district, where he lived, he was 11 years old. He immediately took part in the collection of ammunition and weapons, which were then sent to the front. In 1942, he was admitted to the Shepetovskaya underground organization as a scout. Vali Kotik's account included many feats, including the successful demolition of six warehouses and railway levels, numerous ambushes, he obtained information about the Germans, and stood at the post. Once, while standing at the post, Hitler's punishers attacked him. Valya shot an enemy officer and raised the alarm. For heroism, courage and repeatedly accomplished feats, Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the Order of Lenin, as well as the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of the 2nd degree. On February 16, 1944, a 14-year-old hero was mortally wounded in the battle for the liberation of the city of Izyaslav Kamenetz-Podolsky. He died the next day. In 1958, Valentin Aleksandrovich Kotik was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Medal to Partisan of the Fatherland of the Second World War II Hero of the Soviet Union (Posthumous). Order of Lenin Order of the Patriotic War of I degree
Mikheenko Larisa Dorofeevna The beginning of World War II caught Larisa in the village of Pechenyovo, Pustoshkinsky District, Kalinin Region (now it is the territory of the Pskov Region), where she was on vacation with her uncle. The Wehrmacht's offensive was swift, and by the end of the summer, the Pustoshkinsky district was under German occupation. Uncle Lara agreed to serve the occupation authorities and was appointed Pechenovsk headman. Larisa went into a partisan detachment, where she was a scout, participated in the "rail war", thanks to her participation, it was possible to disable the bridge and the enemy’s echelon passing through it. Subsequently, after the war, for this feat Larisa Mikheenko will be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree (posthumous). In November 1943, on the next combat mission, Larisa was captured by the Germans. During interrogation, she threw a grenade at the Germans, but she did not explode, after which she was shot by the Germans.
Sasha Borodulin In 1941, the Germans occupied the hometown of Sasha in the Leningrad Region. Once a German soldier beat a woman on the street. After the German left, Sasha helped the woman to get up and brought her home. Then he tracked down this fascist, suddenly hit him on the head with a stick. He lost consciousness and fell. Sasha took a rifle and two grenades from a German, and fled to the forest. So he began his war with the Nazis. On a forest road, he killed a fascist riding a motorcycle and took a machine gun from him. There he met the partisans and joined their squad. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance, carried out very dangerous missions, and destroyed many German cars and soldiers. For fulfilling dangerous tasks, for his courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Covering the withdrawal of the partisan detachment, he ran out of ammunition and at the moment when 10 fascists surrounded him, Sasha blew them up with him.
Utah Bondarovskaya In the village of Strugi Krasny near the city of Leningrad (now the Pskov region) Utah helped the radio operator escape from fascist captivity. After that, the fourteen-year-old Utah was accepted into the detachment of partisans. She became a scout. Always the first to break into battle, participated in the destruction of the fascist echelon. Utah died on February 28, 1944 in a battle with the Germans.
Marat Ivanovich Kazei The Nazis burst into the Belarusian village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna. Marat was 12 years old. After the death of his mother, Marat and their older sister Ariadna left for the partisan detachment named after the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution in November 1942. Ariadne after some time left the squad due to injury. Marat became a scout and performed dangerous tasks, both alone and with groups, was awarded the medal "For Courage" and "For Military Merit." May 11, 1944 Marat died in a battle with the Germans. According to eyewitnesses, Marat was surrounded by Germans in the bushes and wanted to take alive. First, Marat fired from a machine gun, the first grenade exploded and then the second. After that, everything calmed down. He blew himself up with the Germans.
Order of Lenin Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree Medal "For Military Merit" Hero of the Soviet Union (Posthumous). Medal of Honor"
Golikov Leonid Aleksandrovich Lenya Golikov - partisan reconnaissance of the 67th partisan detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the territory of the temporarily occupied Novgorod and Pskov regions. Lenya repeatedly penetrated the fascist garrisons, collecting data about the enemy. With his direct participation, 2 railway and 12 highway bridges were blown up, 2 food and feed depots and 10 vehicles with ammunition were burned. He was especially distinguished during the defeat of enemy garrisons in the villages of Aprosovo, Sosnitsy, and the North. Accompanied a convoy with food in 250 supply to the besieged Leningrad. On January 24, 1943, a 16-year-old partisan died the death of the brave in a battle near the village of Ostraya Luka, Dedovichi district, Pskov region.
Valery Volkov Volkov Valery was born in 1929. During the evacuation of the war, Valera's class came under fire. Teachers and classmates died before his eyes. After what he saw, the boy decided to get to the military unit in order to fight the enemy together with adults. Since almost everything was destroyed, the Red Army left the boy with him, and he becomes the "son of the regiment." At the front, he brought ammunition to the guns and helped in urgent matters. In particularly difficult moments, he repulsed fascist attacks with weapons in his hands. Thanks to his small growth, he often found himself with scouts, and obtained various important information. By the beginning of the summer of 1942, Volkov Valery fought in Sevastopol. During the German offensive, he rushed to a marching tank and destroyed it with a bunch of grenades, after which he died the death of a brave man.
Vitya Korobkov During the German occupation of Crimea, he helped his father, a member of the city underground organization Mikhail Korobkov. Through Vitya Korobkov, communication was maintained between members of partisan groups hiding in the Old Crimean forest. He collected information about the enemy, took part in the printing and distribution of leaflets. Later he became a scout of the 3rd brigade of the Eastern Association of Crimean partisans. On February 18, 1944, the father and son of Korobkov in Feodosia were arrested by the Gestapo. They were interrogated and tortured for more than two weeks, then they were shot - first of the father, and on March 9 - of his son. Five days before the execution, Vita Korobkov was fifteen years old. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Vitya Korobkov was posthumously awarded the Medal For Courage.
Zina Portnova Born in Leningrad in 1926. In June 1941, the parents sent the girl to the village of Zui (Vitebsk region) for school holidays. Just at that time the Nazis invaded the USSR, and Portnova found herself in occupied territory. She was not going to put up with the current state of affairs and decided to fight the enemy. She was a member of the youth underground group Young Avengers, she fought against the Nazi invaders, she never retreated and looked at the challenge with new challenges. Even in the most difficult times, the girl never took care of herself, but more worried about others. In the course of the next task, she was captured by the Nazis and executed in January 1944.
War has no face. War has no age, gender or nationality. The war is terrible. War does not choose. Every year we recall a war that claimed millions of lives. Every year we thank those who fought for our country.
From 1941 to 1945, several tens of thousands of minor children took part in the hostilities. "Sons of the regiment", pioneers - village boys and girls, guys from cities - they were posthumously recognized as heroes, although they were much younger than you and me. Along with adults, they suffered hardships, defended, shot, were captured, sacrificing their own lives. They fled from home to the front to defend their homeland. They remained at home and suffered terrible hardships. In the rear and on the front line, they performed a small feat every day. They did not have time for childhood, they did not have years to grow up. They grew by the minute, because the war does not have a childish face.
In this collection there are only some stories of children who perished on the front lines for their own country; children who committed such acts, which adults were scared to think about; children whom the war deprived of childhood, but not fortitude.
Marat Kazei, 14 years old, partisan 
Member of the partisan detachment named after the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution, scout headquarters of the 200th partisan brigade named after Rokossovsky in the occupied territory of the Belarusian SSR.
Marat was born in 1929 in the village of Stankovo, Minsk Region of Belarus, managed to graduate from grade 4 of a rural school. His parents were arrested on charges of sabotage and "Trotskyism", brothers and sisters were "scattered" over their grandparents. But the Kazeev family did not get angry with the Soviet regime: In 1941, when Belarus became occupied territory, Anna Kazey, the wife of the “enemy of the people” and the mother of little Marat and Ariadne, hid the wounded partisans in her home, for which she was hanged. Marat went to the partisans. He went into reconnaissance, participated in raids and undermined echelons. 
And in May 1944, during a regular mission near the village of Horomitsky, Minsk Region, a 14-year-old soldier died. Returning from the mission together with the intelligence commander, they stumbled upon the Germans. The commander was killed immediately, and Marat, shooting back, lay in a hollow. There was nowhere to go, the teenager was seriously wounded in the arm. While there were cartridges, he held the defense, and when the store was empty, he took the last weapon - two grenades from his belt. He threw one at once at the Germans, and from the second he waited: when the enemies came very close, blew himself up with them.
In 1965, Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Boris Yasen, a young actor 
Boris Yasen is an actor who played Mishka Kvakin in the film Timur and His Team. According to some reports, in 1942 he returned from the front to take part in the filming of the film “Oath of Timur”. To date, the young actor is considered missing. There is no information about Boris in the Memorial OBD.
Valya Kotik, 14 years old, scout 
Valya is the youngest Hero of the USSR. Born in 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Kamenetz-Podolsky region of Ukraine. In a village occupied by German troops, the boy secretly collected weapons, ammunition and handed them over to the partisans. And he waged his own little war, as he understood it: he painted and pasted in prominent places caricatures of the Nazis. In 1942, he began to carry out intelligence orders from an underground party organization, and in the autumn of the same year he completed the first combat mission - he liquidated the head of the field gendarmerie. In October 1943, Valya scouted the location of the Hitler’s underground telephone cable, which was soon blown up. He also participated in the destruction of six railway levels, a warehouse. The guy was mortally wounded in February 1944.
In 1958, Valentin Kotik was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sasha Kolesnikov, 12 years old, son of a regiment 
In March 1943, Sasha and his friend fled from classes and went to the front. He wanted to get to the part where his father served as commander, but on the way he met a wounded tankman who fought in his father’s unit. Then he found out that the priest received news from his mother about his escape and upon arrival in a part of him a terrible scolding awaited. This changed the boy’s plans and he immediately attached himself to the tankmen, who were sent to the rear for reformation. Sasha lied to them that he was left completely alone. So at the age of 12 he became a soldier, “the son of a regiment”.
Successfully went to reconnaissance several times, helping to destroy a train with German ammunition. At that time, the Germans caught the boy and, having brutalized, beat him for a long time, and then crucified him - they nailed his hands in nails. Sasha was saved by our scouts. During his service, Sasha "grew up" to the tankman and knocked out several enemy vehicles. The soldiers called him "San Sanych". 
He returned home in the summer of 1945.
Alyosha Yarsky, 17 years old 
Alexey was an actor, you can remember him from the film "Gorky's Childhood", in which the boy played Lesha Peshkov. The guy volunteered for the front when he was 17 years old. He died on February 15, 1943 near Leningrad.
Lenya Golikov, 16 years old 
When the war began, Lenya got a rifle and went into the partisans. Slender, of small stature, he looked younger than his then still 14 years old. Under the guise of a beggar, Lenya walked through the villages, collecting the necessary data on the location of the fascist troops and on the number of their military equipment, and then passed this information to the partisans.
In 1942, he joined the squad. I went to reconnaissance, brought important information to the partisan detachment. Lenya fought one battle alone against the fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy knocked out a car. The Nazi got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, shooting back, rushed to run. Lenya is behind him. For almost a kilometer he chased the enemy and killed him. The portfolio contained very important documents. Then the partisan headquarters immediately forwarded the papers to Moscow. 
From December 1942 to January 1943, the partisan detachment in which Golikov was located, with fierce battles, left the encirclement. The boy died in battle with a punitive detachment of fascists on January 24, 1943 near the village of Ostray Luka, Pskov Region.
Volodya Buryak, under 18 years old 
How many years exactly Volodya was is unknown. We only know that in June 1942, when Vova Buryak sailed as a young man on the ship "Impeccable" with his father, he had not yet reached the draft age. The boy's father was the captain of the ship.
On June 25, the ship received cargo at the port of Novorossiysk. The crew was faced with the task of breaking into the besieged Sevastopol. Then Vova fell ill and the ship's doctor prescribed the guy bed rest. In Novorossiysk, his mother lived and they sent him home for treatment. Suddenly, Vova remembered that he had forgotten to tell his companion where he had put one of the spare parts for the machine gun. He jumped out of bed and ran onto the ship.
The sailors understood that this voyage was likely to be the last, because getting into Sevastopol every day became more and more difficult. They left memorabilia and letters ashore asking them to hand them over to their families. After learning about what was happening, Volodya decided to stay aboard the destroyer. When his father saw him on deck, the guy replied that he could not leave. If he, the captain’s son, leaves the ship, then everyone will definitely believe that the ship will not return from the attack. 
"Impeccable" was attacked from the air on June 26 in the morning. Volodya was standing by the machine gun and firing at enemy vehicles. When the ship began to go under water, Captain Buryak gave the order to leave the ship. The board was empty, but Captain 3rd rank Buryak and his son Volodya did not leave their combat post.
Zina Portnova, 17 years old 
Zina served as a scout for a partisan detachment in the territory of the Byelorussian SSR. In 1942, she joined the underground Komsomol-youth organization Young Avengers. There, Zina actively participated in the distribution of campaign leaflets and organized sabotage against the invaders. In 1943, Portnova was captured by the Germans. During interrogation, she grabbed the investigator’s gun from the table, shot him and two other fascists, tried to escape. But she failed to do so. 
From the book of Vasily Smirnov “Zina Portnova”:
“The most sophisticated executioners interrogated her ... She was promised to save her life, if only the young partisan would admit everything, give the names of all the underground members and partisans known to her. And again, the Gestapo met with their unwavering firmness of this stubborn girl, who in their protocols was called the “Soviet gangster”. Zina, exhausted by torture, refused to answer questions, hoping that they would kill her faster. ... Once, in the prison yard, the prisoners saw how a very gray-haired girl, when she was led for another interrogation-torture, threw herself under the wheels of a passing truck. But the car was stopped, the girl was pulled out from under the wheels and again taken for interrogation ... "
January 10, 1944 17-year-old Zina Portnova was shot. In 1985, she was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sasha Chekalin, 16 years old 
At 16, the village boy Sasha became a member of the partisan detachment "Advanced" in the Tula region. Together with other partisans, he set fire to fascist depots, blew up cars and eliminated enemy sentries and patrols.
In November 1941, Sasha was seriously ill. For some time he was in one of the villages of the Tula region, near the city of Likhvin, with a "trusted person." One of the residents issued the young partisan to the Nazis. At night they broke into the house and grabbed Chekalin. When the door opened, Sasha threw a pre-prepared grenade at the Germans, but it did not explode.
The Nazis tortured the boy for several days. Then he was hanged. The body remained on the gallows for more than 20 days - they were not allowed to remove it. Sasha Chekalin was buried with all military honors only when the city was liberated from the invaders. In 1942 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
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Children - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
“The Great Patriotic War ... It so happened that our memory of the war and all our ideas about it are masculine. This is understandable: mostly men fought - but this is also a reflection of our incomplete knowledge of the war. Indeed, a huge burden fell on the shoulders of mothers, wives, sisters, who were medical instructors on the battlefields, who replaced men at machine tools in factories and on collective farm fields. From the woman’s mother comes the beginning of life, and somehow it’s not comparable with the war that kills life. ” So writes the Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich in the book “The war has no female face”. And I want to end this thought like this: "and especially not childish." Yes. War is not a childish affair. It should be. But this war was special ... it was called the Great Patriotic War because everyone, young and old, rose to defend their homeland. Many young patriots died in battle with the enemy, and four of them - Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Lenya Golikov and Zina Portnova - were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. They were often written about in the newspapers, books were dedicated to them. And even the streets and cities of our Great Motherland - Russia called them by their names. In those years, children quickly matured, already at the age of 10-14 they realized that they were part of a large nation and tried not to be inferior to adults in anything. Thousands of children fought in partisan units and the army. Together with adults, adolescents went into reconnaissance, helped partisans to undermine enemy echelons, and set up ambushes.
June. The evening was declining. And the sea spilled on a warm night. And there was a loud laugh of the guys, Not knowing, not knowing grief. June! Then we still did not know, Walking home from school evenings, That tomorrow will be the first day of the war, And it will end only at forty-fifth, in May.
Pioneers Heroes Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. They studied, helped the elders, played, ran, jumped, broke their noses and knees. Only relatives, classmates and friends knew their names. THE HOUR HAS COME - THEY SHOWED WHAT A LITTLE CHILD'S HEART MAY BECOME, WHEN SACRED LOVE FOR HOMELAND AND HATE FOR HIS ENEMIES BURNS IN HIM. The boys. The girls. On their fragile shoulders lay the burden of adversity, calamity, grief of the war years. And they did not bend under this weight, became stronger in spirit, more courageous, more enduring. Little heroes of the big war. They fought alongside elders - fathers, brothers, alongside communists and Komsomol members. Fought everywhere. At sea, like Borya Kuleshin. In the sky, like Arkasha Kamanin. In the partisan detachment, like Lenya Golikov. In the Brest Fortress, as Valya Zenkina. In the Kerch catacombs, like Volodya Dubinin. Underground, as Volodya Shcherbatsevich. And not for a moment did the young hearts tremble! Their grown-up childhood was filled with such tests that, if they were invented by even a very talented writer, it would be hard to believe. But that was. It was in the history of our big country, it was in the fates of her little children - ordinary boys and girls.
Tanya Savicheva Arkady Kamanin Lenya Golikov Valya Zenkina Zina Portnova Volodya Kaznacheev Marat Kazey Valya Kotik
Lida Vashkevich Nadya Bogdanova Vitya Khomenko Sasha Borodulin Vasya Korobko Kostya Kravchuk Galya Komleva Utah Bondarovskaya Lara Mikheenko
Marat Kazei ... The war fell on the Belarusian land. The Nazis broke into the village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Alexandrovna Kazey. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to school in fifth grade. The Nazis turned the school building into their barracks. The enemy was furious. Anna Aleksandrovna Kazey was seized for communication with partisans, and soon Marat found out that his mother was hanged in Minsk. Anger and hatred for the enemy filled the boy’s heart. Together with his sister, the Komsomol member Ada, the pioneer Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. Penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this data, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk ... Marat participated in battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, along with experienced bombers mined the railway. Marat died in battle. He fought to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies go closer and detonated them ... and himself. For courage and bravery, the pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to a young hero was erected in the city of Minsk.
Belarus Minsk, city park Monument to Marat Kazei
Zina Portnova The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came for vacation - this is not far from the Obol station in the Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization Young Avengers was created in Oboli, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in impudent operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, conducted intelligence on the instructions of the partisan detachment. ... It was December 1943. Zina was returning from the assignment. In the village of Mostishche it was betrayed by a traitor. The Nazis seized a young partisan, tortured. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, the determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and shot at the Gestapo point blank. An officer who ran into the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her ... The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute remained staunch, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously noted her feat with her highest rank - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Lenya Golikov Grew up in the village of Lukino, on the banks of the Polo River, which flows into the legendary Ilmen Lake. When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans. More than once he went to reconnaissance, brought important information to the partisan detachment. And enemy trains and cars flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned ... There was a battle in his life, which Lenya waged face to face with the fascist general. A grenade thrown by a boy knocked out a car. The Nazi got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, shooting back, rushed to run. Lenya is behind him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. The portfolio contained very important documents. The headquarters of the partisans immediately transported them by plane to Moscow. There were many more battles in his short life! And never did the young hero flinch, fighting shoulder to shoulder with the adults. He died near the village of Ostraya Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that his land was burning under his feet, that there would be no mercy for him ... On April 2, 1944, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on assignment to pioneer partisan Lena was published Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Monument to partisan hero pioneer Lena Golikova in front of the administration of the Novgorod region. Velikiy Novgorod.
Valya Kotik He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka in the Shepetovsky district of the Khmelnytsky region. He studied at school No. 4 of Shepetivka, was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis broke into Shepetivka, Valya Kotik and his friends decided to fight the enemy. The guys gathered weapons at the battlefield, which the guerrillas then transported with hay to a detachment. Having looked closely at the boy, the Communists entrusted Vale to be a liaison and scout in their underground organization. He recognized the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. Having looked closely at the boy, the Communists entrusted Vale to be a liaison and scout in their underground organization. He recognized the location of enemy posts, the order of the changing of the guard. The Nazis outlined a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, after tracking down the Nazi officer who headed the punishers, killed him ... When the arrests began in the city, Valya, together with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. A pioneer who was just fourteen years old, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, freeing his native land. On his account - six enemy trains blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of 2 degrees. Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously awarded him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In front of the school where this brave pioneer studied, a monument was erected to him. And today, the pioneers give the hero a salute.
Volodya Kaznacheev 1941 ... In the spring he finished fifth grade. In the fall he joined the partisan detachment. When, together with his sister, Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests, in the Bryansk region, in the detachment they said: “Well, replenishment! ..” True, when they learned that they were from Solovyanivka, they were children of Elena Kondratyevna Kaznacheeva, the one who baked bread for the partisans stopped joking (Elena Kondratyevna was killed by the Nazis). There was a "partisan school" in the detachment. Future miners, demolitionists were trained there. Volodya perfectly learned this science and, together with his senior comrades, derailed eight echelons. He had to cover the group’s withdrawal, stopping the pursuers with grenades ... He was connected; often went to Kletnya, delivering valuable information; waiting for darkness, pasted leaflets. From operation to operation, I became more experienced, more skilled. The Nazis ordered a reward for the partisan Kzanacheev’s head, not even suspecting that their brave opponent was still a boy. He fought alongside adults until that very day, until his native land was liberated from fascist evil spirits, and rightfully shared with adults the glory of a hero - the liberator of his native land. Volodya Kaznacheev was awarded the Order of Lenin, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree.
Valya Zenkina The Brest Fortress was the first to take the blow of the enemy. Bombs and shells exploded, walls collapsed, people died in the fortress and in the city of Brest. From the first minutes, Valin's father went into battle. He left and did not return, died a hero, like many defenders of the Brest Fortress. But the Nazis forced Valya to make his way into the fortress under fire in order to convey to her defenders the demand to surrender. Valya got into the fortress, told about the atrocities of the Nazis, explained what kind of weapons they had, indicated their location and remained to help our soldiers. She bandaged the wounded, collected cartridges and brought them to the soldiers. There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by a throat. I wanted to drink painfully, but Valya again and again refused her throat: the wounded needed water. When the command of the Brest Fortress decided to take the children and women out of the fire, to transfer them to the other side of the Mukhavets River - there was no other way to save their lives - the little nurse Valya Zenkina asked her to leave her with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she vowed to continue the struggle with the enemy until she was completely victorious. And Valya kept her oath. Different tests fell on her lot. But she stood it. It survived. And she continued her struggle in the partisan detachment. Fought bravely, along with adults. For courage and courage, the Motherland awarded her young daughter the Order of the Red Star.
Arkady Kamanin He dreamed about the sky when he was still a very boy. Arkady's father, Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin, a pilot, participated in the rescue of the Chelyuskinites, for which he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And also always there is a friend of his father, Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov. There was a reason to catch fire to the heart of a little boy. But they did not let him into the air, they said: grow up. When the war began, he went to work at an aircraft factory, then at the airport was used by any chance to fly into the sky. Experienced pilots, even if only for a few minutes, happened to trust him to fly a plane. Once an enemy bullet smashed the glass of a cabin. The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control to Arkady, and the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After this, Arkady was allowed to seriously study flight business, and soon he began to fly on his own. Once from a height a young pilot saw our plane, knocked down by the Nazis. Under heavy mortar fire, Arkady landed, transferred the pilot to his plane, took off and returned to his own. The Order of the Red Star shone on his chest. For participating in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second Order of the Red Star. By that time, he had already become an experienced pilot, although he was fifteen years old. Until the victory, Arkady Kamanin fought with the Nazis. The young hero dreamed about the sky and conquered the sky!
Returning from the assignment, she immediately tied a red tie. And as if strength was increasing! Utah supported the tired fighters with a sonorous pioneer song, a story about their native Leningrad ... And how happy everyone was, how the Utah partisans congratulated when the message arrived: the blockade was broken! Leningrad survived, Leningrad won! On that day, both Utah's blue eyes and her red tie shone, as it seems, never. But the land still moaned under the enemy yoke, and the detachment, together with units of the Red Army, left to help Estonian partisans. In one of the battles - at the Estonian farm Rostov - Utah Bondarovskaya, the little heroine of the great war, a pioneer who did not part with her red tie, died the death of the brave. Homeland awarded its heroic daughter posthumously with the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree, the Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree. Utah Bondarovskaya Wherever the blue-eyed girl Utah goes, her red tie was always with her ... In the summer of 1941, she came from Leningrad for a vacation in a village near Pskov. Here Utah came up with the terrible news: war! Here she saw the enemy. Utah began to help the partisans. At first she was a messenger, then a scout. Having dressed as a beggar boy, she gathered information about the villages: where are the Nazi headquarters, how are they guarded, how many machine guns are there.
The young liaison brought from the partisans the tasks of her counselor, and her reports were forwarded to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, and groceries, which they got with great difficulty. Once, when the messenger from the partisan detachment did not arrive at the meeting place, Galya, half frozen, made her way into the detachment, handed over the report and, warming herself up, hurried back, carrying out a new task to the underground. Together with the Komsomol member Tasey Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The Nazis tracked down, captured the young underground. They were held in the Gestapo for two months. They beat him severely and threw him into the cell, and again in the morning brought him out for questioning. Galya did not say anything to the enemy; she did not betray anyone. The young patriot was shot. The feat of Gali Komleva Motherland marked the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree. When the war broke out, and the Nazis approached Leningrad, Anna Petrovna Semenova, a high school counselor, was left for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad Region. For contact with the partisans, she picked up the most reliable of her pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, courageous, inquisitive girl for six of her school years was six times awarded books with the caption: "For excellent study" Galya Komleva
At first he buried it in a garden under a pear: it was thought that ours would return soon. But the war dragged on, and, digging up the banners, Kostya kept them in the barn until he remembered the old, abandoned well outside the city, near the Dnieper. Wrapping his priceless treasure in a burlap, rolling it with straw, he climbed out of the house at dawn and with a canvas bag over his shoulder led him to a distant forest. And there, looking around, he hid the bundle in the well, covered it with branches, dry grass, turf ... And the whole long occupation was not a pioneer of his difficult guard at the banner, although he fell into a raid, and even fled from the train in which Kiev was stolen to Germany . When Kiev was liberated, Kostya, in a white shirt with a red tie, came to the military commandant of the city and unfurled banners in front of the sighted and still bewildered soldiers. On June 11, 1944, the newly formed units that were leaving for the front were given a replacement that was saved by Kostya. On June 11, 1944, units leaving the front were lined up in the central square of Kiev. And before this battle formation, they read out the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding the pioneer Kostya Kravchuk with the Order of the Red Banner for saving and preserving two battle banners of the infantry regiments during the occupation of Kiev ... Retreating from Kiev, two wounded soldiers entrusted Kostya with the banners. And Kostya promised to save them. Kostya Kravchuk
At the headquarters of the 6th Kalinin Brigade, Commander Major P.V. Ryndin at first turned out to accept "such little ones": well, which of them were partisans! But how much even very young citizens can do for the Motherland! The girls were able to do something that strong men did not succeed. Dressed in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and how the guns were located, sentries were placed, what German cars were moving along the bolshak, what kind of trains and what kind of cargo they came to Pustoshka station. She also participated in military operations ... The Nazis shot a young partisan issued by a traitor in the village of Ignatovo. The decree on awarding Larisa Mikheenko with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree contains a bitter word: "Posthumously." For reconnaissance and explosion operation The Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa Mikheenko was presented to the government award with a bridge across the Drissa River. But Motherland did not manage to present the award to her brave daughter ... The war cut off the girl from her hometown: in the summer she went on vacation to the Pustoshkinsky district, but failed to return - the Nazis occupied the village. The pioneer dreamed of breaking out of Hitlerite slavery, making her way to her own. And one night with two older friends she left the village. Lara Mikheenko
The outskirts of the village. Under the bridge - Vasya. He pulls out iron staples, saws piles, and at dawn from the shelter he watches the bridge collapse under the weight of the fascist armored personnel carrier. The partisans made sure that Vasya could be trusted, and entrusted him with a serious business: to become a scout in the den of the enemy. At the headquarters of the Nazis, he drowns stoves, chopping wood, and he takes a closer look, remembers, transfers information to the partisans. The punishers, planning to destroy the partisans, forced the boy to lead them into the forest. But Vasya led the Nazis to an ambush of policemen. The Nazis, in the dark mistaking them for partisans, opened fierce fire, killed all the policemen and suffered heavy losses themselves. Together with the partisans, Vasya destroyed nine echelons, hundreds of Nazis. In one of the fights, he was hit by an enemy bullet. The homeland awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, World War 1 degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree medal to its little hero, who lived a short, but such a bright life. Chernihiv region. The front came close to the village of Pogoreltsy. On the outskirts, covering the withdrawal of our units, the company held the defense. The boy brought cartridges to the fighters. His name was Vasya Korobko. Night. Vasya creeps up to the school building occupied by fascists. He sneaks into the pioneer room, carries out the pioneer banner and securely hides it. Vasya Korobko
Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once went to the most dangerous missions. A lot of destroyed cars and soldiers were on his account. For fulfilling dangerous tasks, for his courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in the winter of 1941. Punishers tracked down partisans. For three days a detachment left them, twice escaped from the encirclement, but again the enemy ring closed. Then the commander called for volunteers to cover the withdrawal of the detachment. Sasha was the first to step forward. Five took the fight. One by one they perished. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest was nearby, but the detachment was so dear to every minute that delayed the enemy, and Sasha fought to the end. He, allowing the fascists to close the ring around him, grabbed a grenade and detonated them and himself. Sasha Borodulin died, but his memory is alive. The memory of the heroes is eternal! There was a war. Above the village where Sasha lived, enemy bombers were buzzing abruptly. The enemy’s boots trampled their native land. Sasha Borodulin, a pioneer with the warm heart of a young Leninist, could not put up with this. He decided to fight the Nazis. I got a rifle. Killing a fascist motorcyclist, he took the first battle trophy - a real German machine gun. Sasha Borodulin
The officers began to send a quick, smart boy to the commissions, and soon they made him a messenger at headquarters. It never occurred to them that the most secret packages were first read by the underground at the turnout ... Together with Shura Kober, Vitya was given the task to cross the front line to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters of the partisan movement, they reported the situation and talked about what they observed on the way. Returning to Nikolaev, the guys delivered underground radio transmitter, explosives, weapons. And again the struggle without fear and hesitation. On December 5, 1942, ten underground members were captured by the Nazis and executed. Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived heroes and died like heroes. The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree - posthumously - was awarded by the Motherland of her fearless son. The name of Viti Khomenko is the school in which he studied. The pioneer Vitya Khomenko walked his heroic path of struggle against fascists in the underground organization "Nikolaev Center". ... At the school in German, Viti had "excellent", and the underground members instructed the pioneer to get into the officers' mess. He washed the dishes, it happened, served the officers in the hall and listened to their conversations. In drunken disputes, the Nazis blurted out information that was very interested in the "Nikolaev Center". Vitya Khomenko
Nadia Bogdanova Hitlerites executed her twice, and fighting friends for many years considered Nadia dead. She even put a monument. It's hard to believe, but when she became a scout in the partisan detachment of "Uncle Vanya" Dyachkov, she was not yet ten years old. Little, thin, she, pretending to be a beggar, wandered among the Nazis, noticing everything, remembering everything, and brought valuable information to the detachment. And then, along with partisan fighters, it blew up the fascist headquarters, derailed a train with military equipment, and mined objects. The first time she was captured when, together with Vanya Zvontsov, she posted a red flag on November 7, 1941 in Vitebsk, occupied by the enemy. They beat them with ramrods, tortured them, and when they brought them to the moat - to shoot, she had no strength left - fell into the moat, for a moment, ahead of the bullet. Vanya died, and the partisans found Nadya in a ditch alive ...
The second time she was captured at the end of the 43rd. And again torture: she was doused with ice-cold water in the frost, a five-pointed star was burned on her back. Considering the scout dead, the Nazis, when the partisans attacked Karasevo, abandoned her. Local people came out, paralyzed and almost blind. After the war in Odessa, Academician V.P. Filatov returned his vision to Nadia. Fifteen years later, she heard on the radio how the intelligence chief of the 6th detachment, Slesarenko - her commander - said that the soldiers of their dead comrades would never forget, and named among them Nadia Bogdanova, who saved his life as a wounded man ... Only then and she appeared, only then did the people who worked with her learn about the amazing fate of the person she was, Nadia Bogdanova, awarded the orders of the Red Banner, World War 1 degree, medals. Nadia Bogdanova (continued)
An ordinary black bag would not have attracted the attention of visitors to the museum of local lore if it had not been for a red tie lying next to it. The boy or girl will involuntarily die, the adult will stop, and they will read the yellowed certificate issued by the commissar of the partisan detachment. The fact that the young mistress of these relics, pioneer Lida Vashkevich, risking her life, helped to fight the Nazis. There is one more reason to stay near these exhibits: Lida was awarded the 1st Partisan of the Patriotic War medal. Lida Vashkevich
A child who has gone through the horrors of war, will he remain an ordinary child? Who robbed his childhood? Who will return it to him? What does he remember from what he experienced and can tell? But he has to tell! Because even now bombs are breaking somewhere, bullets are whistling, burning at home! After the war, the world learned many stories about the fate of wartime children. Before telling about the eleven-year-old Leningrad schoolgirl Tanya Savicheva, I recall the fate of the city in which she lived. From September 1941 to January 1944, 900 days and nights. Leningrad lived in the ring of an enemy blockade. 640 thousand of its inhabitants died from hunger, cold and shelling. Food depots burned down during German air raids. I had to cut my diet. Workers and engineers and technicians were given only 250 grams of bread a day, and the Germans counted for employees and children 125 grams. That Leningraders quarrel over bread, stop protecting their city and surrender it to the mercy of the enemy. But they miscalculated. A city cannot perish if its entire population and even children have defended it! No, Tanya Savicheva did not build fortifications and in general she did not commit any heroism, her feat in another. She wrote the blockade story of her family ... The large, friendly family of Savicheva lived calmly and peacefully on Vasilyevsky Island. But the war took one of the relatives of the girl one by one. Tanya made 9 short notes ...
Tanya Savicheva
What happened next with Tanya? How long did she outlive her family? A lonely girl, along with other orphans, was sent to the relatively well-fed and prosperous Gorky region. But severe exhaustion and nervous shock took their toll; she died May 23, 1944
Over 20 million people lost our country in that war. The language of numbers is stingy. But nevertheless, listen carefully and imagine ... If we devoted one minute of silence to each victim, we would have to be silent for more than 38 years.
The memory of generations is inextinguishable And the memory of those who are sacred to Dachshunds, Let us, people, stand for a moment And in grief we stand and remain silent.
We do not want war anywhere, never, Let the world be in the world everywhere and always. May the life of children be bright! How bright was the world in open eyes! Oh, do not destroy and do not kill - the Earth has enough killed!
Through the centuries, Through the years, REMEMBER!
