Emotions that a person can experience. Five basic feelings of man
1. Psychological characteristics of the atmosphere of society
(and related human conditions)
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Aggressiveness |
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Greed |
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Altruism |
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Anomie, (deviant behavior: suicidal mood, apathy, disappointment, illegal behavior). |
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Irresponsibility |
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Lack of profit |
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Unselfishness |
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Lawlessness |
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Unscrupulousness |
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Unceremoniousness |
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Mutual assistance |
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Understanding |
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Mutual respect |
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Hostility |
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Permissiveness |
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Rudeness |
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Discipline |
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Good faith |
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Cruelty |
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Law obedience |
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Intelligence |
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Intelligence |
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Sincerity |
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Conflict |
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Creativity |
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Xenophobia (fear or hatred of someone or something alien, unfamiliar, unusual) |
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Culture |
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Mafia |
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Mercantile |
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Courage |
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Impudence |
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Reliability |
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Tension |
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Bad manners |
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Hatred |
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Optional |
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Moral |
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Optimism |
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Responsiveness |
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Patriotism |
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Villainy |
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Suspicion |
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Decency |
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Psychological safety |
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Idle talk |
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Swagger |
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Rationality |
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Self control |
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Foul language |
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Modesty |
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Sympathy |
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Calm |
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Justice |
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Tact |
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Anxiety |
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Industriousness |
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Familiarity |
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Civilization |
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Humanity |
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Honesty |
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2. The list of basic emotions and feelings
Positive
1. Pleasure
2. Joy.
3. Glee.
4. Delight.
5. Pride.
6. Confidence.
7. Trust.
8. Sympathy.
9. The rapture.
10. Love (sexual).
11. Love (affection).
12. Respect.
13. Affection.
14. Gratitude (appreciation).
15. Tenderness.
16. Complacency.
17. Bliss
18. The gloating.
19. A sense of contented revenge.
20. Good conscience.
21. A sense of relief.
22. A sense of self-satisfaction.
23. A sense of security.
24. Anticipation.
Neutral
25. Curiosity.
26. The surprise.
27. Amazement.
28. Indifference.
29. Calmly contemplative mood.
Negative
30. Displeasure.
31. Woe (sorrow).
33. Sorrow (sadness).
34. Despair.
35. Chagrin.
36. Anxiety.
38. Fear.
41. Pity.
42. Empathy (compassion).
43. Regret.
44. Annoyance.
46. \u200b\u200bA sense of insult.
47. Indignation (indignation).
48. Hatred.
49. Dislike.
50. Envy.
52. Anger.
53. Despondency.
55. Jealousy.
57. Uncertainty (doubt).
58. Distrust.
60. Confusion.
61. Rage.
62. Contempt.
63. Aversion.
64. Disappointment.
65. Freezing.
66. Dissatisfaction with oneself.
67. Repentance.
68. Remorse.
69. Impatience.
70. Bitterness.
The feelings listed by us do not exhaust the entire palette, the whole variety of emotional states of a person. A comparison with the colors of the solar spectrum is appropriate here. There are 7 basic tones, but how much more intermediate colors we know and how many shades can be obtained by mixing them!
It is difficult to say how many different emotional states can be - but, in any case, there are immeasurably more than 70. Emotional states are highly specific, even if they have the same name with modern crude methods of assessment. There are apparently many shades of anger, joy, sadness, and other feelings.
Love for an older brother and love for a younger sister are similar, but far from the same, feelings. The first is colored with admiration, pride, sometimes envy; the second - a sense of superiority, the desire to provide protection, sometimes with pity and tenderness. A completely different feeling is love for parents, love for children. But for the designation of all these feelings, we use one name.
The separation of feelings into positive and negative was by no means done on ethical grounds, but solely on the basis of pleasure or displeasure. Therefore, gloating was in the column of positive, and sympathy - negative feelings. Negative, as we see, is much more than positive. Why? Several explanations can be suggested.
Sometimes it is suggested that there are simply more words in the language expressing unpleasant feelings, because in a good mood a person is generally less inclined to introspection. To us, this explanation seems unsatisfactory.
The initial biological role of emotions is a signal one, such as “pleasant - unpleasant”, “safe - dangerous”. Apparently, the signaling is “dangerous” and “unpleasant” more significant for the animal, it is vitally important, more relevant, because it directs its behavior in critical situations.
It is clear that such information in the process of evolution should take precedence over information that signals “comfort”.
But what has historically developed can historically change. When a person masters the laws of social development, this will change his emotional life, moving the center of gravity towards positive, pleasant feelings.
Back to the list of feelings. If you carefully read all 70 items, you will notice that some of these feelings coincide in content and differ only in intensity. For example, surprise and amazement differ only in strength, that is, in severity. The same anger and rage, pleasure and bliss, etc. Therefore, some clarifications need to be made to the list.
Usually feelings occur in four main forms:
1. Actually feeling.
2. Affect.
3. Passion.
4. The mood.
Definition feelings given by us above.
Affect - This is a very strong short-term feeling associated with a motor reaction (or complete immobility - numbness. But numbness is also a motor reaction).
Passion called a strong and lasting feeling.
Mood - the resultant of many senses. This condition is known for its duration, stability and serves as a backdrop on which all other elements of mental activity flow.
Thus, if we consider surprise as a feeling, then amazement is the same sense of support, but brought to the degree of affect (recall the final silent scene of The Examiner).
Similarly, we call rage anger brought to the point of affect, bliss is the affect of pleasure, delight is the affect of joy, despair is the affect of grief, horror is the affect of fear, adoration is love, which has become passion in duration and strength, etc.
3. Option: The list of basic emotions and feelings
There is no final list of emotions in psychology or physiology. Can count more 500 different emotional states . In colloquial practice, people often use the same word to denote different experiences, and their actual nature becomes clear only from the context. At the same time, the same emotion can be indicated by different words.
AzartBezmyatezhnostBezrazlichieBespomoschnost BessilieBlagodarnost BodrostVdohnovenieVinaVozmuschenieVolnenieVoodushevlenieVostorgVoskhischenieVysokomerieGnevGordostGordynyaGoreGrustDovolstvoDosada Drive, pity, care, Envy interest flattery Confusion ZanoschivostZastenchivost ZloradstvoZlostIzumlenieInteresIroniyaIspug Glee Cunning Admiring LyubopytstvoMolba MrachnostNadezhda NadmennostNapryazhenie, Alertness Equanimity NegodovanieNezhnost awkward impatience discouraged ostObida doomed concern mischief OmerzenieOskorblennost, caution Aversion otorop Detachment Detachment OtsepeneniePechalPlaksivost PodavlennostPodozritelnost Submission protectively Gust Poteryanyi superiority PredvkusheniePrezreniePrenebrezhenie PytlivostRadostRazdrazhenie Distraction, confusion, Ryanost SarkazmSkorbSkukaSmeh SmuschenieSmyatenie SobrannostSozhalenieSpokoystvie StesnitelnostStradanieStrah StremlenieStydTrevoga thrill UvlechennostUdivlenieUdovle creativity Creativity Pleasure Aggressiveness Tenderness Peacefulness Dejection Perseverance Fatigue Regency Euphoria Exaltation Ecstasy Energetic Enthusiasm Furious ...
However, some researchers believe that there are few basic, elementary emotions, and the whole huge list of emotions is the construction of these bricks, their one or another combination. So, for example, anger is disgust plus aggression. And love is joy when a loved one is nearby and sadness when separated; aggression - in this case, the desire to be near; fear - fear of losing the object of love ... What emotions can be attributed to elementary? The list of elementary emotions is controversial. Different lists of elementary emotions offer Isard,Mcdowelland other researchers.
AT gestalt therapyit is believed that the elementary emotions of all five : MAD - anger, aggression, disgust. SAD - sadness, sadness, suffering. GLAD is a joy. SCARED - fear. SEXY - pleasure, bliss, tenderness.
The whole variety of emotions is not reducible only to elementary and composite emotions. Having a more complex and original structure - complex emotions. Bright sadness, gentle gratitude, pride in success ...
Feelings and emotions are closely related to our inner qualities, they are simply a reflection of what is happening within us. We often fear and deny our own emotions, confuse emotions with feelings, feelings with conditions.
Having talked with people, having attended many trainings and conducted more than one consultation, we made sure that people are not at all aware of their emotions. Oh no, they are not insensitive idiots, they continue to experience the whole spectrum of emotions, completely not understanding what kind of emotion they are experiencing at the moment. The simplest and most common question at all trainings and psychological consultations: “What do you feel now?” - puzzles people.
It is completely impossible to sort out your problems if you can’t even determine how you feel about a particular person or situation, or about an event.
What causes feelings and emotions
Not only our feelings and emotions are not recognized on their own, but their causes remain a mystery to many.
There are a lot of emotions and feelings, and there is no final list of them either in psychology or physiology. The reason for this is that many emotions and feelings are purely social phenomena. The emergence of new emotions or their acquisition of a different meaning is due to the development of society. We do not feel many emotions and feelings at birth, but we learn them from our parents, relatives, friends, acquaintances, and even from the TV and film industries. All of them taken together from early childhood show and tell us how we should feel, how and in what situations. If you do not experience a certain gamut of feelings and sensations for any specific reason, you are considered strange, not from this world or even better - insensitive and selfish.
Human innate emotions
In addition to socially conditioned emotions, there are also innate ones. These are the emotions that a baby has. 
from birth. Some experts attribute the innate emotions that appear in the infant shortly after birth, where the social factor and parental education seem to play a minimal role. The list of these emotions is very small and neither scientists nor psychologists have come to a consensus on what kind of emotions should be included in it. Many agree that joy is contentment, interest is excitement, surprise is fright, anger is anger, disgust, fear - these are the emotions that are innate, we have been taught the rest.
We think it’s time to “take our heads out of the sand” and figure out what we really feel, what caused us this emotion and who “taught” us to feel that way and not otherwise.
Read and be surprised :-)
BUT
Passion - An emotional state that is characterized by a very strong interest in what is happening and a stubborn desire to continue.
Types of excitement:
- Resource excitement - in this state, the effectiveness of actions is very high.
Excitement when doing what you love; entrepreneurial excitement; passion in mastering new knowledge.
- The excitement is destructive - in it self-control, as a rule, is lost.
The excitement of a player in a casino.
Apathy -a state of complete indifference, disinterest, lack of emotions and feelings. A person with apathetic manifestations does not experience either pleasure or displeasure. Often apathy is seen as the result of severe and prolonged severe stress. It is a product of a defensive struggle against intolerable feelings of despair and loneliness or the threat of death. Outwardly, the manifestations of apathy are in the nature of alienation - “rejection” of the objective world, but analysis often reveals preserved unconscious attachments denied or disavowed by the defense.
B
Serenity -calmly calm state.
Hopelessness -complete despair, lack of any hope.
Security -it is a calm and confident state of mind in a person who considers himself protected from a threat or danger.
Indifference -a state of complete indifference, disinterest.
Anxiety -emotional state characterized by a test of excitement, anxiety, inconvenience, an unpleasant premonition of evil. It arises under the influence of little understood and unknown factors of the external environment or the internal state of the person himself.
Helplessness -negative state caused by adverse situations that can neither be prevented nor overcome.
Impotence -confusion and severe annoyance at the knowledge of the inability to correct the difficult situation, to get out of a dangerous or difficult situation.
Rabies -a state of extreme irritation.
Thanks -a sense of duty, respect and love for another person (in particular, expressed in appropriate actions) for the beneficence shown to them.
Bliss -a state of complete and equanimous happiness, pleasure, a state of supreme satisfaction, supersensible unearthly happiness.
Vigor -a state of high energy, an excess of strength and a desire to do something.
Pain -a painful sensation reflecting the psychophysiological state of a person that occurs under the influence of super-strong or destructive stimuli. Mental pain is a specific mental experience unrelated to organic or functional disorders. Often accompanied by depression, mental disorder. More often prolonged and associated with the loss of a loved one.
Squeamishness -exactingness, choosiness regarding cleanliness, compliance with hygiene rules (regarding food, clothing, etc.).
AT
Inspiration -the state of lightness, the ability to create, the feeling of "everything is within our power, everything works out!", doing with enthusiasm and pleasure. The state of spiritual renewal, new birth, will to creativity, spiritual uplift, inner insight and passion.
Fun -carefree and joyful mood, characterized by a desire to laugh and have fun.
Wines -affective state characterized by manifestation of fear, remorse and self-reproach, a sense of one’s own insignificance, suffering and the need for repentance.
Love -a strong positively colored feeling (or a complex of feelings), the object of which is another person, accompanied by a narrowing of consciousness, which may result in a distorted assessment of the object of love. Acute emotional experience, attraction to the object of sexual choice. V. can quickly fade away or turn into a stable feeling of love.
Lust -longing, strong sensual attraction, sexual desire.
Outrage -extreme discontent, resentment, anger.
The emotional excitement -the same as physiological affect, a condition that reduces the person’s ability to understand the meaning of their actions or to direct them.
Inspiration- increased desire to do something. Inspiration is the forefront of inspiration, a slightly less emotionally vibrant state. Inspiration arises and develops out of inspiration.
Delight -overwhelming joy. What will result in this overflow of energy - the next question ...
Delight -joyful state of admiring, radiance from beauty and gratitude for beauty.
Hostility -strong hostility to someone, including hatred, maliciousness.
Arrogance -to glance at someone from the height of his greatness is a contemptuous arrogance. A negative moral quality that characterizes a disrespectful, contemptuous, arrogant attitude towards other people (towards individuals, certain social strata or people in general), associated with an exaggeration of my own virtues, I am selfish.
G
Anger - targeted aggression through open direct pressure on the partner. The world is hostile. Anger is usually expressed by an energetic powerful scream.
Pride- a feeling of strength, freedom and height of position. Respect for a person, himself for his or her achievements, which seem significant.
Pride - This is crooked pride. The confidence of a person that he himself is the only reason for his success. “I know for everyone what’s best for everyone.”
Sadness - an emotional state when the world around us seems gray, alien, harsh and uncomfortable, painted in beautiful transparent gray and minor tones. Often, when one wants to cry sadly, one wants loneliness. In sadness, the world is not yet hostile, but not friendly: it is only ordinary, uncomfortable and alien, stabbing. Usually the cause of sadness is a difficult event in life: parting with a loved one, loss of a loved one. Sadness is not innate, but an acquired emotion.
D
Duality- a feeling of duality, as a result of opposing inner urges to do something.
At
Respect - the position of one person in relation to another, recognition of the dignity of the individual. A position that instructs not to harm another: neither physically - by violence, nor morally - by judgment.
Confidence - the mental state of a person in which he considers some information to be true. Confidence is a psychological characteristic of a person’s faith and beliefs. Confidence can be both the result of one’s own experience of the personality, and the result of external influence. For example, confidence can appear in a person in addition to (and sometimes against) his will and consciousness under the influence of suggestion. A person can evoke a sense of self-confidence through self-hypnosis (for example, autogenic training).
Passion (overvalued) - a one-sided and intense hobby, occupying an inappropriate place in human life, having disproportionately great importance for him, a special meaning. The ability to get addicted to something or someone is connected with a system of personal values \u200b\u200band ideals. This is, for example, sports fanaticism, behind which, perhaps, a sense of inferiority is hidden, or too close attention paid to one's appearance, behind which self-doubt can be hidden.
Surprise - this is a short-term, fast-passing reaction to a sudden, unexpected event; mental state when something seems strange, unusual, unexpected. Surprise arises when there is a dissonance between an imaginary picture of the human world and what really happens. The stronger the dissonance, the greater the surprise.
Satisfaction - a sense of contentment and joy regarding the fulfillment of one’s desires and needs, regarding successfully prevailing conditions, one’s actions, etc. Satisfaction, as a rule, comes when a goal is achieved. For young children, the work itself, the process, and not the results of its implementation, can still bring satisfaction. Adults in connection with socialization are finding it increasingly difficult to get satisfaction from the process.
Pleasure - feeling, experience, accompanying the satisfaction of a need or interest (the same as pleasure). Pleasure accompanies a decrease in internal stress (physical and mental), helps to restore the vital functions of the body. Behind pleasure is always a desire, which, ultimately, as an individual desire, society seeks to take control. However, in the process of socialization, the natural setting for pleasure is limited. Expanding functional contacts with others require a person to control his desire for pleasure, to postpone pleasure, endure displeasure, etc. The principle of pleasure manifests itself in opposing social requirements and rules and acts as the basis of personal independence: in pleasure, a person belongs to himself, freed from obligations and, in this regard, is sovereign.
Dejection - A depressed, excruciating, agonizing state (from poverty, illness, other adverse circumstances, due to serious failures).
Horror- sudden and intense fear, inner shudder, the highest degree of fear, permeated by despair and hopelessness when confronted with something threatening, unknowable and alien; dizziness from a hunch of a total fiasco. Horror is always forced for a person, imposed from the outside - and in the case when it comes to mental obsession.
Tenderness - a feeling of deceased, sweet pity, humility, contrition, sincere cordial participation, goodwill.
Appeasement - a state of complete rest, satisfaction.
Humiliation - individual or group actions aimed at lowering the status of a person usually in some way embarrassing or offending a person. Some common actions that are considered degrading are offensive words, gestures, body movements, slapping, spitting in his direction, etc. Some experts believe that the key point is that humiliation is determined by the consciousness of the most humiliated. In order to be humiliated, a person must consider this action degrading. For some people, humiliation is a pleasure and a source of excitement (for example, in sexual role-playing games), but for the vast majority it is a difficult test that they do not want to undergo. Humiliation is accompanied by an extremely painful emotional shock and affects the most sensitive parts of human self-esteem. If you hit him too hard, even a humble person can respond with aggression.
Gloom - hopeless sadness, loss of spirit, loss of hope to achieve the desired or urgent.
Rapture - a state of delight, pleasure, "admiration, delight, moral, spiritual hopping."
Fatigue - physical and mental state of fatigue, characterized by a weakening reaction, lethargy, drowsiness, inattention. Fatigue arises from overload, from intense stress, from experiences of difficulties, grief, conflicts, from a long occupation of tedious, routine work. This condition is the result of either poor work organization or poor health, but the cause of fatigue is a large number of unresolved interpersonal and internal conflicts, which, as a rule, are not recognized.
F
Frustration - a condition arising as a result of anxiety about the impossibility of achieving goals and satisfying drives, the collapse of plans and hopes.
W
Shock (emotional) - strong emotion, accompanied by physiological shocks. Shock arises as a result of the appearance in life of a new element to which the subject is not able to adapt immediately.
Psychologists distinguish between:
- weak and fleeting shock, at the level of pleasant and unpleasant;
- shock, causing more or less prolonged inability (strong emotion, loss of an expensive being);
- shock, causing a long inability and thereby even leading to madness.
E
Euphoria - The mental state of joyful excitement and enthusiasm, accompanied by high spirits, excitement, glee.
Exaltation - An emotional state of elevated liveliness with a touch of unnatural enthusiasm, which seems to have no reason. It manifests itself either in the form of a dreamy mood, or inexplicable inspiration.
Ecstasy - The highest degree of enthusiasm, inspiration, sometimes on the verge of frenzy.
Enthusiasm - An emotional state that is distinguished by pronounced self-motivation. A very resource state that can quickly fade away.
I AM
Fury - strong, violently manifested anger, fury, a rush of strong passion with aggressive behavior, an extreme form of manifestation of anger. Active opposition to what we consider evil, the desire to fight, fight for your idea, rights, freedom, independence or other values. A person in a state of Fury has little control over his actions in the conflict.
All that a person encounters in his life evokes one or another attitude in him. A certain attitude of a person is manifested even to individual qualities and properties of surrounding objects. The sphere of feelings includes frustration and patriotism, joy and fear, delight and grief.
Feelings - this is experienced in various forms of a person’s relationship to objects and phenomena of reality. Human life is unbearable without worries, if a person is deprived of the opportunity to experience feelings, then the so-called “emotional hunger” sets in, which he seeks to satisfy by listening to his favorite music, reading an action-packed book, etc. Moreover, for emotional saturation, not only positive feelings are needed, but also feelings associated with suffering.
The most developed and complex form of emotional processes in a person is feelings, which are not only emotional, but also conceptual reflection.
Feelings are formed throughout a person's life in conditions. Feelings that meet higher social needs are called higher feelings. For example, love for the motherland, their people, their city, for other people. They are characterized by the complexity of the structure, great strength, duration, stability, independence from specific situations and the state of the body. Such an example is the mother’s love for her child, the mother can get angry with the child, be dissatisfied with his behavior, punish, but all this does not affect her feeling, which remains strong and relatively stable.
The complexity of higher feelings is determined by their complex structure. That is, they consist of several different, and sometimes opposite emotions, which crystallize on a particular subject. For example, falling in love is a less complicated feeling than love, since in addition to falling in love, the latter involves tenderness, friendship, affection, jealousy and other emotions that produce a feeling of love that cannot be conveyed in words.
Depending on the nature of a person’s attitude to various objects of the social environment, the main types of higher feelings are distinguished: moral, praxical, intellectual, aesthetic.
Moral feelings a person experiences in relation to society, other people, as well as to himself, such as a sense of patriotism, friendship, love, conscience, which govern interpersonal relations.
Feelings that are associated with the implementation of man and other activities are called practical. They arise in the process of activity in connection with its success or failure. Positive practical feelings include hard work, pleasant fatigue, a sense of enthusiasm for work, satisfaction from the work done. With the prevalence of negative practical feelings, a person perceives labor as hard labor.
Certain types of labor, teaching, and some games require intense mental activity. The process of mental activity is accompanied by intellectual emotions. If they acquire the qualities of stability and sustainability, they manifest themselves as intellectual feelings: curiosity, the joy of discovering the truth, surprise, doubt.
The feelings that a person experiences when creating the beautiful in life and in art are called aesthetic. Aesthetic feelings are brought up through familiarization with nature, admiring the forest, the sun, the river, etc. In order to comprehend the laws of beauty and harmony, it is useful for children to engage in drawing, dancing, music and other types of artistic activity.
Throughout the development of people, a special form of mental reflection of significant objects and events - emotions - has formed. One and the same object or event causes different emotions in different people, because everyone has their own, specific attitude.
Emotions - these are subjective reactions of a person to the effects of external and internal stimuli, reflecting in the form of experiences their personal significance for the subject and appearing in the form of pleasure or displeasure.
In the narrow sense of the word, emotions are a direct, temporary experience of some feeling. So, if we consider the feelings experienced by the fans on the platform of the stadium and sports in general (a feeling of love for football, hockey, tennis), then these experiences cannot be called emotion. The emotions here will be represented by the state of pleasure, admiration that the fan experiences while watching a good game.
Functions and types of emotions
Emotions were recognized as an important positive role in people's lives, and the following positive functions began to be associated with them: Motivational-regulatory, communicative, signaling and protective.
Motivational regulatory function lies in the fact that emotions are involved in the motivation of human behavior, can stimulate, guide and regulate. Sometimes emotions can replace thinking in the regulation of behavior.
Communicative function lies in the fact that emotions, more precisely, the ways of their external expression, carry information about the mental and physical condition of a person. Thanks to emotions, we better understand each other. By observing changes in emotional states, it becomes possible to judge what is happening in the psyche. Comment: people from different cultures are able to accurately perceive and evaluate many expressions of a human face, determine emotions such as joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise. This applies to those nations that have never been in direct contact with each other.
Signal function. Life without emotions is as impossible as without. Emotions, argued C. Darwin, arose in the process of evolution as a means by which living things establish the significance of certain conditions to meet their actual needs. Emotionally expressive movements (facial expressions, gestures, pantomimics) fulfill the function of signals about the state of the human needs system.
Protective function expressed in the fact that, arising as an instant, quick reaction of the body, can protect a person from dangers.
It has been established that the more complex the living entity is organized, the higher the step on the evolutionary ladder it takes, the richer and more diverse the range of emotions that it can survive.
The nature of the experience (pleasure or displeasure) determines the sign of emotions - positive and negative. In terms of the impact on human activities, emotions are divided into stenic and asthenic. Stenic emotions stimulate activity, increase the energy and tension of a person’s strength, prompt him to actions, statements. The winged expression: "ready to roll mountains." And, on the contrary, sometimes experiences are characterized by a peculiar constraint, passivity, then they talk about asthenic emotions. Therefore, depending on the situation and individual characteristics, emotions can affect behavior in different ways. So, grief can cause apathy, inaction in a weak person, while a strong person doubles his energy, finding solace in work and creativity.
Modality - the main qualitative characteristic of emotions, determining their appearance according to the specificity and special coloring of experiences. By modality, three basic emotions stand out: fear, anger and joy. With all the diversity, almost any emotion is a kind of expression of one of these emotions. Anxiety, anxiety, fear, horror are various manifestations of fear; anger, irritability, rage - anger; fun, jubilation, triumph - joy.
K. Isard identified the following basic emotions
Interest (as an emotion) - a positive emotional state that contributes to the development of skills and knowledge.
Joy - a positive emotional state associated with the ability to fully satisfy the actual need, the probability of which up to this point was small or, in any case, uncertain.
Surprise - not having a clearly defined positive or negative sign of an emotional reaction to sudden circumstances. Surprise slows down all previous emotions, directing attention to the object that caused it, and can turn into interest.
Suffering - a negative emotional state associated with the reliable or seemingly received information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important life needs, which up to this point seemed more or less probable, most often occurs in the form of emotional stress.
Anger - an emotional state, negative in sign, usually occurring in the form of affect and caused by the sudden occurrence of a serious obstacle to satisfying an extremely important need for the subject.
Disgust - negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical interaction, communication in communication, etc.) comes into sharp conflict with the ideological, moral or aesthetic principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, if combined with anger, can motivate aggressive behavior in interpersonal relationships, where the attack is motivated by anger, and disgust is motivated by the desire to get rid of someone or something.
Contempt - a negative emotional state arising in interpersonal relationships and generated by the mismatch of life positions, views and behavior of the subject with life positions, views and behavior of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and aesthetic criteria.
Fear - a negative emotional state that appears when a subject receives information about a possible threat to his life’s well-being, about a real or imagined danger. In contrast to the emotion of suffering caused by the direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing an emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible ill-being and acts on the basis of this (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated forecast).
Shame - a negative state, expressed in the awareness of the discrepancy of one’s own thoughts, actions and appearance, not only with the expectations of others, but also with one’s own ideas about appropriate behavior and appearance.
Emotions are also characterized by strength, duration and awareness. The range of differences in the strength of internal experience and external manifestations is very large for the emotion of any modality. Joy can manifest itself as a weak emotion, for example, when a person experiences a feeling of satisfaction. Delight is an emotion of greater power. Anger manifests itself in a range from irritability and resentment to hatred and rage, fear - from light anxiety to horror. In duration, emotions last from a few seconds to many years. The degree of awareness of emotions can also be different. Sometimes it is difficult for a person to understand what kind of emotion he is experiencing and why it arises.
Emotional experiences are ambiguous. One and the same object can cause inconsistent, conflicting emotions. This phenomenon is called ambivalence (duality) of feelings. For example, you can respect someone for their performance and at the same time condemn them for their temper.
Qualities characterizing each specific emotional reaction can be combined in various ways, which creates many-sided forms of their expression. The main forms of manifestation of emotions are sensual tone, situational emotion, affect, passion, stress, mood and feeling.
Sensual tone is expressed in the fact that many sensations of a person have their own emotional coloring. That is, people do not just feel any smell or taste, but perceive it as pleasant or unpleasant. The images of perception, memory, thinking, imagination are also emotionally colored. A. N. Leont'ev considered one of the essential qualities of human cognition a phenomenon that he called the "partiality" of the reflection of the world.
Situational emotions arise in the process of human life more often than all other emotional reactions. Their main characteristics are considered relatively small strength, short duration, fast change of emotions, low external visibility.
All kinds of feelings and emotions can be divided into negative (sadness, fear, hostility, disappointment, anger, despair, guilt, jealousy), positive (happiness, mood, joy, love, gratitude, hope) and neutral (compassion, surprise).
Human feelings in psychology, consider the subjective experiences of emotions. We consider the experiences, mental states of the body that arise when the brain perceives emotions that appear in external stimuli.
Example: you see a tiger in the distance, you feel a sense of fear and you feel horror.
Feelings and reactions to emotions occur in the brain area. In addition, they are subjective in nature, being influenced by personal experience, memories and beliefs.
The fundamental difference between emotions and feelings, according to neuroscientist Antonio Damasio, is that emotions are involuntary responses, a more complex version of the reflex. For example, when you are in danger, and your momentum accelerates. Feeling is awareness of this emotion.
Feelings are part of a human being from birth. We are sensual beings, and we can perceive the world through various senses.
Feelings are part of a person from birth. We are sensual beings, and we can perceive the world through various senses.
Many stimuli evoke feelings in us: we feel what we think, what we observe, what we hear, what we feel, what we touch or what we eat.
Human emotions and feelings
There are 6 basic emotions in a person: disgust, anger, fear, surprise, joy and sadness.
First, we must distinguish feelings from emotions.
Although these two terms are used indistinctly in many cases, we will see a definition of each of them:
Emotions - These are impulses that are associated with automatic reactions and represent an innate set of systems of adaptation to the environment by an individual.
Usually emotions have a duration shorter than feelings, and those that motivate and motivate people to act. They are shorter, but also more intense.
Feelings They are blocks of integrated information, a synthesis of data from previous experiences that a person has lived through, desires, projects, and their own value system.
You can understand feelings as a subjective state of a person, which arises as a result of emotions that cause something or someone.
They are an emotional mood and tend to be durable. They are an internal guide to how a person guides his life and opposes the environment.
Feelings: their types and functions
Studies coincide, indicating four basic functions of the senses:
The subjective and specific point of view of the subject
They serve to establish their connection with the world. People, as well as knowledge and the environment perceived by the individual, pass through the filter of feelings earlier.
These are those who interpret, if something is known, wants, wants, or vice versa is rejected.
Feelings are meant for people
Subjectively and differently for each individual, they indicate the state in which we are at all levels (biological, mental, social, economic, etc.).
Values \u200b\u200baccording to which a person acts
Through feelings, a person leads his behavior in one direction or another. They set guidelines, the way forward. They facilitate the assessment of the reality on which we act in a certain way.
Feelings are the foundation of the bond that unites us with other people.
They help us express ourselves, communicate and understand each other.
First, feelings affect where we are, and therefore how we act.
In addition, this expression is perceived by the person with whom we interact, indicating the state in which we are and act as the basis of our communication.
Secondly, feelings allow us to develop empathy, help us understand the state in which the other is, and makes it easier for us to put ourselves in their place so that we can understand and help them.
Types of human feelings
We can divide the types of feelings into three types depending on the reactions that they provoke to the person who experiences them: negative, positive and neutral.
Negative feelings
Negative feelings manifest as discomfort in a person and serve to indicate that something is wrong. Although the usual tendency is to reject this type of feelings, you need to live with them, analyze them and learn a lesson.
This, among other things, helps us grow as a person. Although from time to time they can become more serious generators of conditions and lead to diseases such as anxiety.
This happens if negative feelings are stronger than positive, repetitive and familiar forms.
There is a long list of feelings that can be categorized as negative. We will only name and define some of the most common:
A feeling of sadness appears as a response to events that are not considered to be pleasant or desirable. A person feels discouraged, he wants to cry and low self-esteem.
The main provocative sadness is the separation of physical or psychological state, loss or failure, disappointment and situations of helplessness.
A feeling of anger is defined as a response to irritability or anger that occurs when a person feels that his rights are violated.
The main provoking anger in situations where a person feels wounded, deceived or betrayed. These are situations that block a person and prevent him from achieving his goal.
A sense of fear arises from the appearance of danger, or their possible occurrence in the near future. Serves as an alarm warning of the proximity of danger.
The fear that a person feels will be associated with resources and real opportunities to deal with it.
That is, in cases where a person believes that he does not have enough resources to cope with the situation, there will be a sense of fear.
Hostility is defined as a feeling of resentment, bitterness and resentment, which is accompanied by verbal responses and / or motor reactions.
The main triggers are physical abuse and tolerance of hostility indirectly. When a person feels that another is pointing at him, or at some close person in his environment, a relationship of irritability, discontent, or fear is manifested.
A sense of hopelessness is characterized by the subjective faith of a person who has little or no alternative to change an unpleasant situation. Or you feel incapable of mobilizing your energy and using it to your advantage.
This feeling is taken into account in cases of people with depression, because, as shown by numerous studies, it correlates with autolytic ideas and attempts.
The main triggers are usually the reduction or worsening of physical and / or psychological state, social isolation and long-term stress.
A feeling of disappointment occurs when a person’s expectations are not satisfied, unable to achieve what is intended.
The more expectations or desires to achieve it, the more disappointment if it is not achieved. The main trigger is the failure of desire or the hope of achieving something.
Feeling of hatred is defined as antipathy or aversion to something or someone. There is also a feeling of desire for evil for a hated object or object.
The main factors are people or events that cause or threaten a person’s existence.
Feelings of guilt arise from faith or a feeling of violation of social or social ethical standards, especially if someone is harmed.
The main trigger is the absence (or belief in the fulfillment) that a person commits, and which leads to repentance and a bad conscience.
Jealousy is defined as the feeling experienced by a person when he suspects that a loved one feels love or affection for another, or when he feels that another person prefers a third person instead of her.
Various real situations or perceived as threatening a person can cause such feelings.
Positive feelings
Positive feelings are those that generate a subjective state of well-being in a person, in which the situation is assessed as useful and implies pleasant and desirable feelings.
In addition, numerous studies have shown the benefits of having positive emotions, highlighting among others:
- Great flexibility of thought
- This contributes to creativity and a broader view of the situation.
They function as a buffer of negative feelings because they are both incompatible. They protect the physical and mental health of a person, for example, acting against stress and preventing the harmful effects of a person. And they maintain social ties, not only produce well-being in us, but also those around us.
Below we will name and define the most common positive feelings:
Feeling of happiness has a great impact on a person. This is the way in which life is valued positively in all its different aspects, like family, couple or work.
A number of benefits derived from happiness have been demonstrated, such as increased empathy, creativity, learning, or altruistic behavior.
The main triggers are the achievement by a person of the goals or goals that he or she wants, and the correspondence between what he wants and what he has.
Humor refers to the perception of the stimulus as pleasure and may be accompanied by physical expressions such as a smile or laughter. It also gives the person a good disposition to complete the task.
Triggers can be very diverse and diverse in nature, this is usually a situation or social environment.
A sense of joy is characterized by the creation of a good mood and personal well-being, in addition, a person in this state has a constructive and optimistic mood.
A trigger is usually an event that a person perceives as auspicious. It may also be accompanied by some kind of physical sign that looks like a smile.
This can be a transitional state as a result of a specific fact (passing an exam or getting a job) or a life tendency or habitual attitude by which a person leads his life.
Love is defined as the affection we experience for a person, animal, object or idea. Triggers are perceptions or subjective evaluations that we make for another person.
Other factors, such as loneliness or insecurity, can lead to a feeling of love as a necessity.
Thanks
This feeling is felt when a person appreciates the benefit or benefit that someone has provided. This is accompanied by a desire to correspond with the same address.
The main triggers may be actions performed by another person, or a sense of general well-being that a person appreciates.
Hope
This feeling is defined as the belief on the part of a person that he can achieve the goals or goals that he proposed. A person believes that he has the potential or resources necessary to solve this situation.
In addition, this feeling can act as a stimulus, providing motivation and energy that is aimed specifically at achieving what is being offered.
Triggers can be very diverse. On the one hand, the belief that a person is on his own. And, on the other hand, an unfavorable situation can predispose a person to feel hope for overcoming it.
Neutral feelings
Neutral feelings are those that, when they occur, do not cause pleasant or unpleasant reactions, but they will facilitate the emergence of later emotional states. Some of the basic neutral feelings:
Compassion
This is a feeling in which a person can feel pity for another, suffering or in an unpleasant situation, and also wants to accompany him in this process.
Triggers can vary, but this is usually due to an unpleasant situation that happens to someone in the environment, although it does not have to be a loved one or a famous person.
Surprise
Surprise is defined as a reaction caused by something new, strange or unforeseen. The attention of a person is directed to the processing and analysis of the stimulus that provoked the reaction.
Triggers are those stimuli that are not expected and appear suddenly or occur in a context that is not ordinary.
