Dpdg yourself. desensitization and eye movement processing - a psychotherapy method for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders

EMDR (desensitization using eye movements) is an informative process psychotherapy that was created and tested in the treatment of Post-Traumatic Mental Disorders.

I am very, very, very glad that this technique has finally reached Russia. Firstly, because I think this method is very effective and environmentally friendly. Secondly, it does not require the highest qualification of the psychologist who applies it (in the light of the problem of psychotherapeutic lamerism in the country, this is a very relevant point). Thirdly, this method is short-term.

Have I tried?

For the first time - in 2009. I first studied all the available information, including the book by Shapiro (the author of the methodology), read everything that got on the network. I had a fear that as a result of EMDR, changes will occur to me that I am not ready for. Fear did not come true. This is one of the things that EMDR I really love: it is a very organic technique. Since this is to some extent the launch of the system of self-healing of the psyche, then for each session exactly as much is done as it is ecologically and harmoniously at the moment.

In total, I went through about 10 sessions, in addition to what I still do in therapy. Ask questions.

How it works

There is a theory that traumatic experience is stored in our brain in the form of isolated neural clusters that are not included in the general system. Something like a cyst. As a result of this, an isolated cluster lives its own life, reacting to events as if the trauma situation had not yet ended. Just exactly like that grandfather from a joke who did not know that the war ended in the last century, and continued to partisan, derailing the trains. EMDR allows you to integrate this isolated cluster into a common system. That is, to relocate the partisan grandfather to the current reality, so that he assimilates, leaves his military experience in the past and joins in peaceful life.

It is like a guided dreaming process. That phase of sleep, when the body repairs itself. Only you do not sleep and are present with all this. Nothing strange or terrible happens. No glitches, no insights, no insights. The condition is more relaxed than tense. It is important to relax and not control the process, just let the emerging thoughts, pictures or feelings appear and move where they are moving. This is similar to when the computer optimizes disk space: pieces of files fly back and forth.

Some people feel after the session as if they were unloading cars. Some people feel well rested, as if they had a good sleep (well, for this I also love EMDR).

You can’t say in advance how many sessions are required. Sometimes it happens that a major problem is solved in a single session. Sometimes it happens that you need a few. The process itself, launched during the session, continues for another two weeks, so on average changes are felt after 10 days, and often felt suddenly: bang - and it stopped hurting. Or it stopped soaring. Or somehow, everything was fine in my head so that it finally let go. It is important to trust your system in that it will do everything right and when necessary.

How does it help

This works best and fastest with adult injuries: for example, painful childbirth or the consequences of an accident, disability, rape. More time is required for childhood injuries because they are very multi-layered. For childhood injuries, EMDR may not be enough, because EMDR does not imply the formation of a long-term attachment to a therapist, building trust and responding to all sorts of feelings and emotions. And these are important parts of working with injury.

It works well with negative beliefs, including systemic ones, such as "I do not represent any value", "It is impossible to love me" etc. With one caveat: with the exception of cases where this belief plays a big role in your life, and without it, life can collapse, because it has nothing to stand on.

In which cases emdr will not work:

The method does not suit you for some reason.
If you are working with an injury and are not yet ready for "life after an injury." Then you must first draw up a plan for a new life, but it turns out that without injury there is nothing more to live for, in which case the psyche will resist healing.

What it is not:

This is not hypnosis.
These are not lucid dreams.
This is not esotericism or shamanism.

This is the targeted use of the "immune system" of the psyche to work with a given problem.

pros

Several sessions are enough to handle one problem. Minimum, one, maximum, 10-15.
In order to use this method, it does not take a long time to build a working alliance with the therapist. In particular, because it is not the therapist who works, but the psyche of the client. The therapist ensures the safety and correctness of the procedure.
The therapist is required to carefully follow the instructions and the minimum requirements: education, adherence to ethical standards, love of work and respect for the client. No need to be a genius and know the answers to all questions.
It works very clean: there is no rollback. If, say, after EMDR, you no longer soar what every stranger on the street thinks of you, then this will not change. It will never soar.
The method works as it is necessary for you at the moment, organically and environmentally. There will be exactly as many changes as you can do at the moment.
I was scared: what if something important for me disappears from my system? What if I change beyond recognition? None of this happens. Everything that is important to you will remain with you. For example, if you work with grief from the loss of someone important and beloved in your life, he will not cease to be important and beloved for you, you will simply stop killing pain.

Important: the method is not magical. If you changed your beliefs with it, you still have to build a new life. Stacks at your feet will not fall, but it will be easier for you to build relationships. Money will not fall from the sky, but you can build a more harmonious plan to improve your financial condition.

Minuses

Due to the nature of this method, it has practically no cons. If the therapist clearly follows the protocol without deviating from the accepted procedure, then the worst that can happen is that the method simply does not work. The method does not do any harm, in the form of psychoses and similar kickbacks - I regularly look for customer reviews and read all the topics on the forums that discuss EMDR.

Once there was a complaint that vision deteriorated due to these same eye movements. At the moment, movement is not the only thing used. Headphones are used, pats on the knees are used, or else there are vibrating things that the client holds in his hands. All this works with equal efficiency. Personally, I don’t like things - I think they purr like cat noses. It distracts me. Headphones with sounds most suited me. My eyes didn’t fit to move my hand - my rubbed fingers were in the same gesture as on the icons, and this prompted all sorts of extraneous thoughts.

Once a heresy met, such as demons in the form of black clouds began to emerge from the client. Please refer only to practicing therapists who have received appropriate training on the proper use of EMDR. I met the mention of EMDR in pickup, constellation and nlp forums. Do not listen to these people, pliz. Also on the network there is a shareware program for independent work. I also do not recommend this method is not done independently.

In general, gentlemen, clients, require your therapists to master the method!

Gentlemen therapists, master the method!

DPDG (Desensitization and processing by eye movement), in English version EMDR Is a technique created by Francine Shapiro in 1987.

It was originally intended to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by experiencing stressful events, such as:

violence
participation in hostilities,
evidence of disasters
and any other traumatic memories.

The basis of the technique is multidirectional eye movements of the client (patient).

In the classic version, to perform the technique you need an assistant who will drive your fingers in front of your eyes. Using the video below, you can perform the DPDG technique yourself.

The DPDG technique allows literally in 30 minutes:

Relieve stress, emotional fatigue
Get rid of bad memories
Work through the effects of psychological trauma

To perform the technique, expand the video in full screen, and place the monitor (laptop or tablet) at eye level.

Remember the unpleasant experience (memory) that you want to get rid of, and rate it on a scale from 0 to 10 (where “0” is complete indifference, and “10” is the maximum possible intense experience) how much it bothers you.
Feel this experience in your body. Feel exactly where you are experiencing discomfort, imagine and describe what they look like.
Remember (if possible) the words or sounds that accompanied you at the time this experience was formed.
Imagine, observing the sensations in your body, which image (the “picture” of the situation) arises before your eyes when you feel your experience.
Place (transfer in your imagination) this image behind the monitor on which you will watch the video. Turn on the full-screen video recording, and in the foreground, observe the moving white dot on the screen, in the "background" observe the image behind the monitor, and your feelings in the body.

EMDR is a simple and efficient universal technology. For example, it can be used to reassess an unpleasant situation in the past, to change attitudes toward a person or action, to remove fears and unpleasant experiences. Because of its versatility, EMDR is quite suitable for the role of “every day technology”.

EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing — Desensitization and Processing by Eye Movement (DPD). True, the name is somewhat deceiving. "Desensitization" is a way to remove unpleasant tension, fear, etc., but the possibility of technology is much wider. “Eye movement” is also a certain limitation - you can still use arms, legs, sounds, etc. But the name stuck. Another name: "bilateral stimulation of the cerebral hemispheres."

The method was developed by psychology doctor Francine Shapiro in 1987. At first it was mainly used to work with post-traumatic disorders, but then it was actively used in counseling and coaching. Now there are various centers and associations of EMDR therapy. One option for integrating EMDR and NLP approaches is WingWave technology.

The technique consists in sequentially “turning on” the hemispheres with a certain frequency. At the same time, a person enters into a form of trance in which he can solve the situation. Similar techniques include games of the New NLP Code, many Erickson hypnosis techniques, etc.

Description of EMDR in NLP format:

EMDR usually uses three methods for switching hemispheres:
- moving eyes to the right - to the left;
- clapping his hands on his shoulders (arms on his shoulders crosswise);
- clapping his hands on his hips (hands lie on his hips).

You can also use animation - just follow the movement of the orange circle.

Full movement - eyes left and right, both clapping with palms - in one second.
You can a little faster, or a little slower - navigate yourself.

The maximum time per session is 30 seconds. It makes no sense to do more.
If you experience discomfort during the session, such as nausea, your head is spinning, etc. - stop the session. Rarely, but it happens. Usually with eye movement. Then try hand clapping. If, in this case, your head is spinning, it is very possible that EMDR is not for you.

The usual experiences at the end of the session are relaxation and the desire to take a deep breath. As pulled to inhale - stop moving your eyes (tapping yourself on the shoulders or hips) and inhale deeply.
Well, if you inhale, you look up, and when you exhale down.

However, to obtain the result, it is usually required to do several EMDR sessions - from three to ten. With each session, the perception of the problem and the feelings associated with it change somewhat.

What is used for:

The technique is quite universal and can be used in a variety of situations:
- change the assessment of the situation;
- remove strong emotion;
- change the belief;
- make a choice;
- determine the purpose;
- remove the phobia;
- remove obsession;
- transfer a resource from one context to another.

Actually, the technique allows the unconscious to make the necessary change, but for this you first need to give the appropriate instruction.

STEP BY:

1. What are we changing
Determine what exactly you want to change.

2. Focus on the situation
Recognize the feeling associated with this assessment and concentrate on it. Define its kinesthetic submodalities:
- where it is located (most often in the area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen or chest);
- what is the size of this experience;
- intensity;
- quality: tension, compression, bursting, cold, vibration, movement.

For example:
- An offensive situation in the past - pressure in the chest area;
- fear that I will be late for work - a lump in my stomach;
- irritation about the delay in salary - constriction in the throat.

You can also use a visual image of the situation. But then it is better to use not eye movement - it is difficult to simultaneously hold the image and move your eyes - but clap your hands. In this case, it is equally desirable to define visual submodalities:
- location of the image;
- the size;
- distance;
- brightness;
- the presence of movement;
- focus;
- association / dissociation;
and so on.

In the same way, you can concentrate on the sound - for example, on the voice of a person who annoys you. And, similarly, audio submodalities are clarified:
- volume;
- sound direction;
- height;
- mono / stereo;
- speed.
In short, we need to concentrate on something related to what we are changing: sensation, picture or sound.

3. Make one EMDR session
That is, move your eyes / tap yourself on the shoulders with your hands crosswise to the cross / tap yourself on the hips with your hands until you want to inhale. Or until 30 seconds have passed.

4. Track how the assessment of the situation has changed.
Keep in mind that in EMDR, the process of change usually takes place in several “sessions”: for example, the sensation will gradually change or weaken somehow, until it disappears or becomes subtle. And the picture will become dimmer and move away. And the voice will become quieter.
Or at some point you just feel that is enough.

Usually the result is obtained after 3-4, and sometimes 7-9 sessions. But after each session, usually some kind of change occurs. So you need to track how the score has changed and realize what it means now:

There was irritation - a pulling sensation from the abdomen to the chest, now his intensity has simply decreased;

There was fear - a twisting sensation in the lower abdomen - now this sensation has weakened and more resembles a strong fear;

There used to be excitement, it felt like a bursting in the chest, now instead of bursting, vibration is perceived more as an expectation or warning.

5. Have another EMDR session
If you think it’s worth continuing, do another EMDR session. Repeat steps 3 and 6 until you get the desired change, or until you understand that it is worth finishing the process.

But if you think that you are satisfied with a new assessment or if the feeling after the last session has not changed - you can finish.

6. Functional check
Imagine how you now behave in the situation with which you worked. How have your feelings changed and how do you now behave in this situation?

EXAMPLES OF USING

Unpleasant situation:focus on the feeling / image / sound associated with this situation and do EMDR sessions until you get an acceptable grade.

Strong emotion: concentrate on the sensation, do as many EMDR sessions as you need to reduce the experience to an acceptable level.
Changing beliefs: formulate the belief you want to change. Visualize it. Make an EMDR session. Examine the resulting image and articulate how conviction now sounds. Repeat the process if necessary.

Resource Transfer: determine the situation in which you want to add the resource and what exactly you will add. Visualize the resource as an image. Give a command, add a resource to the situation. Perform an EMDR session (or sessions) until a resource is added.

Selection: visualize the images of the choices and mentally place these choices in front of you. Make an EMDR session and track how the images have changed - usually one becomes brighter, closer, sharper, and the second moves away and dims. Repeat until the difference between the images is sufficient.

Goal setting:create an image of your current view of the goal and speak its description. Make an EMDR session. Track image changes and formulate a current description of the goal. Repeat until you decide that the idea of \u200b\u200bthe goal is most suitable for you (clear, clear, definite, etc.)

Bilateral stimulation of the functional activity of the cerebral hemispheres, e.g., according to the EMDR method

In the late 80s. American psychotherapist Francine Shapiro discovered and developed an unusual treatment for post-traumatic stress. 7 years ago, the German magazine “SPIEGEL” gave this EMDR method new to Germany the name “vinke-vinke-therapy” (* from German. Wink - wave). The public was delighted and alarmed at the same time by this new idea that came from America, with the help of which it became possible to lift mental blockades with one movement of the fingers. Indeed, in the practice of this method, the decisive role is played by the rapid movements of the fingers in front of the patient's eyes (in this case, the patient watches the movements of the fingers with his eyes). The resulting rapid eye movements resemble the REM phase typical of all people in a dream: Rapid Eye Movement. The acronym EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (Desensitization and regeneration of eye movement).

Of course, even before the advent of the EMDR technique, some therapeutic stimulation techniques using eye movements were known - but their prevalence was not as fast as in the case of the EMDR method. In kinesiology, for example, they are forced to follow the stationary target with their eyes. Techniques using a watch as a pendulum (classical hypnosis) are also known. Also in yoga - with its oldest physiotherapeutic methods in the world - there are a number of exercises for the eyes. Even in traditional oriental dances, rapid eye movements in different directions are also given importance; they are learned specifically, like dance steps, and along with the aesthetic, they also perform a healing function.

More and more experts suggest that the positive effect of these stimulation techniques is explained by the optimal interaction of both hemispheres and all parts of the cerebral cortex. Therefore, in the EMDR method, the functional activity of the brain is stimulated not only by eye movement, but also use (as in other methods) auditory and tactile impulse effects exerted on the left / right hemisphere of the brain. This method is supported, for example, in various areas of kinesiology, where various techniques are used, associated with special movements of the arms and legs to improve academic performance. And the followers of neuro-linguistic programming know that the intervention in brain activity is considered successful only if the patient after the session sits or stands in a completely symmetrical pose due to the action of an internal impulse - perhaps this is a sign that after the session all parts of the brain responsible for necessary changes, began to interact optimally.

These widely known prerequisites served as the basis for the methodology. wing wave coaching, which combines all the known techniques of bilateral stimulation of the functional activity of the cerebral hemispheres. The client always chooses the appropriate technique (visual, auditory or tactile): the coach always works with the technique that has had the most positive effect on the client. Because it is she who clearly influences the generation of brilliant ideas, contributing to the best interaction of the client with his mental resources. The word "wing" in the technique wing wave-coaching indicates that a purposeful and safe “flight” is possible only if the “wings” - bearing surfaces - are optimally aligned to each other - similar to how both hemispheres of the brain should function in concert.

Despite the apparent simplicity of application, the EMDR technique is now ranked among the most effective psychotherapeutic methods for the treatment of post-traumatic mental disorders. Numerous positive results indicate the positive effects of targeted bilateral stimulation of the functional activity of the cerebral hemispheres when used in therapy and coaching. Geo Magazine writes in its May 2002 edition: “Meanwhile, the EMDR technique is considered a thoroughly studied post-traumatic therapy.” Also, the Hamburger medical publication “Hamburger Ärzteblatt“ 10/01 classifies this technique as well-studied.

Both books by F. Shapiro, EMDR - Fundamentals and Practices, Paderborn: Publisher Junfermann 1999, and also: EMDR in Action - The Practical Application of the New Course of Short-Term Therapy, Paderborn: Publisher Junfermann 2001, are a classic source.

Description of the EMDR Method

You can conduct a session yourself.

“The DPDG technique is based on random observation that was made in May 1987. Once, while walking in the park, I noticed that some of the thoughts that bothered me suddenly disappeared. I also noted that if you recall these thoughts in your mind, they they no longer have such a negative effect and do not seem as real as before.

My previous experience told me that all disturbing thoughts tend to form a kind of vicious circle - appearing, they tend to come back again and again until you make a conscious effort to suspend them or change their character. However, on this day my attention was drawn to the fact that the thoughts that bothered me disappeared and changed their character without any conscious effort on my part.

Amazed by this, I began to pay close attention to everything that was happening. I noted that when disturbing thoughts arose, my eyes spontaneously began to move quickly from side to side and up and down diagonally.

Then the thoughts that bothered me disappeared, and when I deliberately tried to recall them, the negative charge inherent in these thoughts turned out to be significantly reduced.

Noticing this, I began to make eye movements intentionally, concentrating on various unpleasant thoughts and memories. I noticed that all these thoughts also disappeared and lost their negative emotional coloring.

Realizing all the potential benefits of this effect, I became very excited.

A few days later I tried to apply my discovery to other people: friends, colleagues, and participants in the psychological seminars that I attended at that time. They had a large number of the most diverse complaints of a non-pathological nature, as well as, probably, all people.

When I asked, “What would you like to work on?” People usually talked about their current memories, ideas or situations. Moreover, their complaints ranged from a wide range of humiliations in early childhood to the grievances currently undergoing.

Then I showed them how to quickly move my eyes from side to side, offering to repeat these movements after me, focusing on my problems.

First of all, I found that most people do not have arbitrary control of the muscles responsible for eye movements, and cannot continue these movements for an unlimited time.

Intending to continue my research, I suggested that my friends follow my eyes with the movements of my finger, moving my hand from side to side, so that my eyes would move at about the same speed and in the same direction as during my first experiment in the park.

This method turned out to be much more effective, but I noticed that although after such a procedure people began to feel clearly better, they continued to be fixed on the problems that bothered them. To overcome this fixation, I tried to apply different types of eye movements (faster, slower, in different directions), offering to focus on different things - for example, on various aspects of my memories or what feelings are associated with these memories.

Then I began to study what forms of work can give the best result, developing standard methods for starting and ending eye movement sessions that give the greatest positive effect.

After about six months, I developed a standard procedure that clearly led to fewer complaints. Since my attention from the very beginning was focused on the problem of reducing anxiety (as it was in my own experience), and my theoretical orientation at that time was primarily related to the behavioral approach, I called my procedure Desensitization with eye movements (DD).

Fragment of a DPDG session

The client’s name is Eric, he is 39 years old, he is a programmer.

Psychotherapist: Let's start with the fact that you imagine the face of a person whom you consider an incompetent employee. Look at this face and feel how incompetent it is. How would you rate his incompetence, from 0 to 10 points?

Eric: Seven points.

[The client imagines the employee’s face and gives an initial assessment of his incompetence of seven points on the scale of subjective units of concern.]

Psychotherapist: Focus on this feeling and watch my finger for the eyes (the client, under the supervision of a psychotherapist, makes a series of eye movements). Good. Now do not think about it; inhale and exhale. What do you feel now?

Eric: I dont know. I think I feel a little better. Before I came here, I worked out some things, and finally today I realized on an intellectual level ... This is work ... you know, I do not fit into the schedule, other people are unhappy, but ... it always happens ... I mean, in the computer business, someone is always late. So I started to make some connections with all this ...

[This is the first channel of information that opened during the DPDG session. The therapist then decides to return to the original goal.]

Psychotherapist: Good. If you again remember the face of the employee, how would you now determine the degree of his incompetence, from 0 to 10 points?

Eric: I think five points.

Psychotherapist: Hold this image (holds the next series of eye movements for the client). Good. Now forget about it, take a breath and exhale. What is happening now?

[As we will see, the new channel was opened precisely because the customer returned in their original purpose. The second channel points to a chain of associative material linked by the idea of \u200b\u200b“personal acceptance.”]

Eric: I realized that my frustration is partly connected with a difficult relationship with a chef who is not able to appreciate the abilities of other people. I think that I feel all this a little better than others. But, it seems to me, everyone would need to understand this. And until my boss recognizes my abilities, I will return again and again to the need for a sense of my own competence, as well as to the need for other people to acknowledge my competence.

Psychotherapist: Think about all this (conducts the following series of eye movements). Good. Now forget about all this, take a breath and exhale. How would you rate what you feel now?

Eric: Probably four or three points. Gradually, the realization comes to me that I do not really need acceptance from other people. After all, I am accepted by those who are significant to me. But my boss is also one of these significant people, and on his part I just don’t feel the acceptance. Although this is essentially his problem, not mine (laughs).

[At this point, a therapist using traditional approaches may be tempted to start a discussion with the client about how to help him change his relationship system. However, in the case of DPDH this is contraindicated.

The therapist needs to offer the client to keep in consciousness everything that he has just said, and then conduct another series of eye movements for him to stimulate further processing. After that, the client will offer a new version of what is happening to him. As we will see, the client will reach a new “plateau” and the information will take on a more adaptive form.]

Psychotherapist: Good. Think about it (conducts another series of eye movements for the client). Good. Now forget about it, take a breath and exhale. What is going on with you?

Eric: I suppose it’s enough to accept him. I don’t need anymore. I understand that my boss needs me now, so I won’t be left without work. It suits me.

Psychotherapist: Good. Think about it (conducts another series of eye movements for the client). Now forget about everything and breathe deeply. What do you feel now?

Eric: It seems to me ... that in a couple of months the pressure of the whole situation related to the work on the completion of the project will ease, and he will clearly see ...

Psychotherapist: Good. Keep all this in mind (holds the next series of eye movements for the client). Good. Now forget about everything, take a breath and exhale. What is going on with you?

Eric: About the same.

[When the client does not notice any changes, while feeling relatively comfortable, the therapist can conclude that the patient has completely “cleared” this second channel and that it is necessary to return it to its original purpose again.]

Psychotherapist: Good. And what happens if you again return to the image of a person whom you perceive as incompetent? What do you feel now?

Eric: He is bothering me. I know that in the future I may again feel frustration because of this face, but I think that it will not be so strong anymore.

[Note that although the client’s level of anxiety has decreased, it has not completely disappeared. Over the next series of eye movements, the processing process stimulated information associatively hidden in the third channel. Here we find the influence of traumatic material related to the Vietnam War: if someone in Vietnam was incompetent, it meant that such people would die.]

Psychotherapist: And now again imagine his face and feel incompetence (conducts another series of eye movements for the client). Good. Now forget about all this, take a breath and exhale. What do you feel?

Eric: I realized that in this case, the stakes are, in general, not so high. I understand that I am right, but he is simply incompetent in this area, trying to get into his own business and spoils everything ... (laughs). I think that all this can be viewed from the other side ...

Psychotherapist: Indeed, you are right. Keep this in mind (conducts another series of eye movements). Good. Now forget about all this, take a breath and exhale. What are you feeling right now?

Eric: Oh, it’s so nice to know ... it’s so nice to think that the stakes are, in fact, not so high and that all these relationships are like several computers connected to each other ... and that as a result of all this, no one will die from the fact that you you can’t look at what is happening from the other side ...

Psychotherapist: Go back to this picture. What do you feel?

Eric: Comic of all this!

[Since the two previous types of reactions were the same and the client felt relatively comfortable, the third channel could also be considered cleaned. After that, the original target was called again. Now it becomes apparent that the client’s reaction to an incompetent employee has become completely different. Only after release from the psychological pressure of the traumatic experience associated with Vietnam, the client began to react to what was happening more calmly.]

Psychotherapist: Yes.

Eric: I realized that this employee is generally a great guy. Very capable. And when I look at the mistakes he makes, they seem funny and funny to me - we all made such mistakes at first, trying to do such a job. You know how it happens when a problem arises and you solve a small part of it. The problem can be huge, but you boldly dig: “The problem is huge? Nothing, I can! ”, Because in reality you saw only a piece of it (laughs). And since you were very inspired to discover this piece, you decide that this is the whole problem ... Other people can see it all just as clearly, and often they manage to deal with such things better. All this is quite funny ... You know: “What do you want from him at his level?”. It’s just that others tolerate it easier, but they all understand it, and when a person believes that he can solve everything in the world, this is a kind of cunning and deception of himself.

Psychotherapist: Good. Think about it (conducts another series of eye movements for the client). Now erase it all, take a breath and exhale. What are you feeling right now?

Eric: About the same.

Psychotherapist: Perfectly.

Eric: Yes, I feel good. It turns out that it’s so nice not to feel any more frustration, not to feel anger, as I had last week. Then everything fell upon me, and I felt my complete powerlessness. Tried to get out, but couldn't. "

P.S. You can move your fingers independently to the right to the left in front of the eyes, while presenting a traumatic situation.

What is EMDR therapy (DPDH)?

We all sometimes feel “out of order”, while having a satisfactory physical condition. Some were even less fortunate: loneliness, fear, apathy or depression have long woven into their usual way of life ...

But even from school, we know that the source of most of these troubles is in the psyche (soul) and its material substrate - the brain. And that for the healing of the soul and brain, mankind, in addition to religion and various spiritual practices, has created a whole branch of scientific knowledge - psychotherapy.

More recently, one very good psychotherapeutic method was born: EMDR therapy, or DPDG. Let's try to find out what it is.

EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or in Russian - DPDG - Desensitization and Processing (injury) Eye Movements

History of DPDG

The creator of EMDR therapy, psychologist Francine Shapiro, in 1987 discovered (by her own example) that rhythmic eye movements + concentration of attention on anxiety reduce its intensity(effect of desensitization).

Initially, it was assumed that the scope of this phenomenon would not be wide. Unless to help calm down some clients experiencing acute stress (instead of pills).

If it weren’t for one curious detail: some “calmed” ones in this way began to celebrate not a fleeting improvement, but sustained remission(read - recovery). Thoughts, images, memories, and bodily sensations that were previously disturbing not only lost their negative character, but also quickly turned into a neutral tinted experience.

Such results seemed at least exaggerated. After all, it is well known that the processing of psychological trauma requires a long, sometimes extended for years, psychotherapy. (I can confirm this as a practicing psychologist and a Gestalt therapist with experience).

But the first clinical study conducted by Francine Shapiro on the effect of eye movements showed a significant reduction in symptoms of trauma in a group of survivors of sexual violence, as well as among war veterans in Vietnam. Similar results were obtained in subsequent numerous studies.

How does EMDR therapy work?

Naturally, everyone was interested in how the simple eye movements allow a person to recover amazingly quickly from the effects of stress and psychological trauma? And what prevented this from being achieved in other areas of psychotherapy?

As you know, in the brain, it first “settles”, and then a kind of “digestion” passes through almost any information perceived by a person. The basis of this is a very complex physiological mechanism for the formation of nerve connections between brain cells - neurons.

When a person lives through a traumatic event, distress, information about this is also stored in the brain, undergoes processing and turns into a life experience.

Example. There was a nuisance with us - say, a humiliating situation at work arose. We are worried about this: we think about what happened, we talk about it, we dream about it. Over time, anxiety decreases, we gain experience: we begin to better understand what is happening, learn new things about ourselves and others, and also gain the ability to more effectively deal with similar situations in the future.

But annoyance! The mentioned processing of the negative may not occur. The most common reasons for this are:

a traumatic event occurs in childhood, when the brain does not have enough resources for successful processing;
traumatic event is recurring;
traumatic event is too painful for the body.

And the brain, for the sake of maintaining mental health, can "go to extremes": push the negative information to hell, refusing to process it.

Yes, this allows you to survive at the time of distress. But a side effect is also present in the form of constant excitation of certain parts of the brain (see. Figure). From here come nightmares, painful memories, or obsessive thoughts — common symptoms of PTSD. I am silent about how a person feels in situations that have at least some similarities with the situation of injury!

Any psychotherapy is aimed at helping a person:

a) "get" the existing negative from the unconscious;
b) recycle it.

But the brain “hid” it all for the sake of its own entertainment. Therefore, the client often has to deal with the so-called "resistance": the unwillingness of the brain to stir up unpleasant experiences.

In this regard, the traditional areas of psychotherapy: psychoanalysis, gestalt therapy, etc. resemble the treatment of a dentist without anesthesia: recovery is possible, but the patient will have to “tolerate” a lot. Taking medications (without psychological study) is like anesthesia, but without the treatment itself.

In EMDR therapy, these shortcomings are minimized. DPDG provides sufficient desensitization(decrease in sensitivity), as a result of which the brain ceases to be “afraid” of restarting the innate mechanism by recyclable stressful, traumatic information.

And then trauma-related information with each series of eye movements begins accelerated mannermove along neurophysiological paths until its painless awareness and “dissolution” is achieved - integration with already existing positive information. As a result, the memory of the events remains, but the mental health disorder is neutralized.

Benefits of EMDR Therapy

The main advantages of DPDH include the short-term achievement of the results of psychotherapy and their stability. Please review some of the results of recent clinical trials:

Perhaps some more facts will seem interesting to you:

The National Mental Health Council (Israel) recommends EMDR (and 2 more methods) for treating victims of terrorism (2002);
The American Psychiatric Association recommends EMDR as an effective treatment for psychiatric trauma (2004);
The Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans of the USA ranked DPDH as the highest category for the treatment of intense trauma (2004);
Among all psychotherapeutic methods, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (Great Britain) recognized only KBT and EMDR as empirically proven for the treatment of adults suffering from PTSD (2005).

Indications for DPG

Currently, EMDR-therapy is successfully used in working with various psychological problems:

self-doubt, increased anxiety, depression, phobias and panic attacks, sexual disorders, eating disorders;
experiencing acute grief associated with the loss or illness of a loved one, separation;
dissociative disorders;
fears in children;
PTSD in victims of attacks, disasters and fires;
and much more.

Conclusion

I don’t know whether to be happy or upset, but EMDR therapy is not suitable for all who apply. With every third client I work only in line with the good old gestalt.

Nevertheless, when the EMDR method is applicable, I never cease to be surprised (as in that distant 2008, when I first experienced its effect on myself).

No, nothing supernatural happens, everything is “as usual”. The client goes through the same regular phases of treatment as, say, in gestalt therapy. It is surprising only to observe the change of these phases during one session, and not several months.

And what do you choose: psychotherapy lasting 10-20 sessions or therapy lasting 10-20 months? Probably the first. Especially if they prove to you that the probability of achieving your goals is very high.

Maybe that's why, despite the abundance of various psychotherapeutic schools, EMDR-therapy still managed to take its rightful place in the world of psychology.

Description of EMDR Method

EMDR (desensitization and processing of injuries with eye movements) is a new unique psychotherapy technique that is extremely effective in treating emotional injuries. Psychotherapists all over the world today, in addition to classical methods, use it in work with those who have experienced emotional trauma, since using EMDR you can solve psychological problems much faster than with traditional forms of psychotherapy.

Method discovery:

The emergence of the EMDR technique is associated with the occasional observation of the calming effects of spontaneously repeating eye movements on unpleasant thoughts.

EMDR was created by psychologist-psychotherapist Francine Shapiro in 1987. Once, while walking in the park, she noticed that the thoughts that bothered her suddenly disappeared. Francine also noted that if you recall these thoughts in your mind, they no longer have such a negative effect and do not seem as real as before. She noted that when disturbing thoughts arose, her eyes spontaneously began to move quickly from side to side and up and down diagonally. Then the disturbing thoughts disappeared, and when she deliberately tried to remember them, the negative charge inherent in these thoughts turned out to be significantly reduced.

Noticing this, Francine began to make eye movements intentionally, concentrating on various unpleasant thoughts and memories. these thoughts also disappeared and lost their negative emotional stain.

Shapiro asked her friends, colleagues and participants in psychological seminars to do the same exercise. The results were amazing: the level of anxiety decreased and people could more calmly and realistically perceive what bothered them.

So by chance this new psychotherapy technique was discovered. In less than 20 years, Shapiro and her colleagues specialized in the field of DPG for more than 25,000 psychotherapists from different countries, which made the method one of the most rapidly spreading psychotechnologies worldwide.

Francine Shapiro now works at the Institute for Brain Research in Palo Alto (USA). In 2002, she was awarded the Sigmund Freud Prize - the most important world award in the field of psychotherapy.

How does EMDR work?

Each of us has an innate physiological mechanism for processing information that keeps our mental health at an optimal level. Our natural internal information processing system is organized in such a way that it allows it to restore mental health in the same way that the body naturally heals after an injury. So, for example, if you cut your arm, then the forces of the body will be aimed at ensuring that the wound heals. If something interferes with such healing - some external object or repeated trauma - the wound begins to fester and causes pain. If you remove the obstacle, the healing will be completed.

The balance of our natural system of information processing at the neurophysiological level can be disturbed during trauma or stress arising in the course of our lives. Thus, the natural tendency of the information processing system of the brain to ensure the state of mental health is blocked. As a result, various psychological problems arise, since psychological problems are the result of negative traumatic information accumulated in the nervous system. The key to psychological change is the ability to produce the necessary processing of information.

EMDR - This is a method of accelerated information processing. The technology is based on the natural process of tracking eye movements that activate the internal mechanism of processing traumatic memories in the nervous system. Certain eye movements lead to an involuntary connection to the innate physiological mechanism for processing traumatic information, which creates a psychotherapeutic effect. As traumatic information is transformed, a concomitant change in thinking, behavior, emotions, sensations, and visual images of a person occurs. Metaphorically speaking, we can consider the processing mechanism as a process of a kind of “digestion”, or “metabolism” of information so that it can be used to heal and improve the quality of human life.

Using EMDR, traumatic information is made available, processed and adaptively resolved. Our negative emotions are processed to a gradual weakening, while there is a kind of training that helps to integrate these emotions and use them in the future.

The processing process can occur when using not only eye movements, but also with the help of other external stimuli, such as tapping the client’s palm, flashes of light or auditory irritants.

After one EMDR session, a person can remember a traumatic event more neutrally, without the occurrence of intense emotions. People begin to more realistically and constructively perceive what has happened and to more positively relate to themselves: “I did everything I could,” “What happened in the past. Now I am safe "," I managed to save my life and this is the main thing. " In addition to such positive changes in thoughts and beliefs, obsessive images of a traumatic event usually stop.

EMDR Application

EMDR successfully helps with self-doubt, increased anxiety, depression, phobias, panic attacks, sexual disorders, addictions, eating disorders - anorexia, bulimia and compulsive overeating.

EMDR helps normalize the condition of victims of attacks, disasters, and fires.

Reduces the experience of excessive grief associated with the loss of a loved one or loved one, or the death of other people.

In EMDR therapy, early negative childhood memories, later traumatic events, or current painful situations can be chosen as the target.

EMDR promotes emotional balance, the formation of adequate self-esteem, self-esteem and self-confidence.

EMDR (DPDG) - This is a quick and painless method of psychological assistance, thanks to which you can simply and reliably get rid of fears, anxiety, the consequences of injuries and a negative attitude to life. Efficiency EMDR proven scientifically: through clinical research and study on MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging).

The basis of the method EMDRthe idea of \u200b\u200bbilateral stimulation is put:

The movements of the eyeballs at a certain pace and according to a certain pattern stimulate the alternate work of different cerebral hemispheres.
Rapid eye movements make one or the other hemisphere “turn on”.
Such alternate work positively affects the emotional state, eliminating and reducing the negative impact of traumatic events, fears and experiences.

Abbreviation EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. Russian name EMDR - the method translates as “Desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing”, or briefly - "DPDG".

What is EMDR or DPDG?

Like many other remarkable scientific discoveries, EMDR (DPDG) was discovered by accident. Clinical psychologist Francine Shapiro (USA) was very worried about the effects of chemotherapy: not only her body, but also her soul suffered. The American was very nervous, worried and, of course, afraid. However, Francis noticed that her nervousness was greatly reduced, and her fear receded if she moved her eyeballs in a certain order. The psychologist became interested in this phenomenon and began to carefully study it.

In the course of scientific research, the scientists explained the phenomenon of positive psychological effects of special eye movements using the adaptive information processing model.

What is this model?

Suppose you inadvertently touch a hot pan. It is painful and unpleasant. The memory of this event should benefit you: you will become more careful, prudent, more careful. Normally, this is adaptive, correct, information processing. Stress, malaise and other factors reduce our adaptability, and then the information is absorbed non-adaptively. For example, we begin to panicly fear all pans, instead of adjusting our behavior based on experience.

Memory is a collection of neural connections. It is believed that the memory of a traumatic event can be “encapsulated”: neurons form a capsule, and do not interact outside this capsule. If the memory was encapsulated, the slightest reminder of the traumatic event is enough to cause a powerful, often destructive emotional reaction. This reminder is called a “trigger,” a trigger that brings us back to our original experience of pain, fear, and disgust.

We give one more example. It was raining, it was slippery, the man was in a hurry, as a result he slipped and fell, broke his leg. The turning point has long and successfully grown together, but it is worth the rain when a wave of emotions rolls over a person: fear, severe pain, despair and a feeling of helplessness. Perhaps, due to non-adaptive processing of information, a neural capsule of memory about a fracture was formed, and rain became a “trigger”, triggering a strong emotional reaction.

Particularly organized eye movements provide safe bilateral stimulation of the cerebral hemispheres, which destroys the neural memory capsule, which contains information about a tragic event or distress. For simplicity, a neural memory capsule can be compared to muscle spasm. EMDR helps break down this neural capsule, just as a good professional massage helps to relax a muscle spasmed by spasm. EMDR (DPDG) - This is a kind of wellness “massage for the soul” that removes pain and discomfort.

Who is EMDR suitable for?

EMDR perfectly helps those who have experienced a trauma or traumatic event, faced with an unexpected painful experience. When the injury left a deep, non-healing wound - EMDR helps to heal her and start living anew. If the traumatic event was not so serious and left only a scratch that slightly bruises - EMDR help her to drag out as soon as possible, remove negative feelings and pain. EMDR helps everyone: those who survived the attack, and those who had a car accident.

EMDR copes with:

Fears
Phobias
Obsessive states
Anxiety

Whatever you fear EMDR will help overcome this fear:

Fear of heights
Dog fear
Fear of driving
Fear of flying an airplane
and many other fears

If you have a panic attack in public transport, if you are afraid of the authorities (fear of civil servants, officials, policemen) or are afraid to tremble with your boss about work problems, EMDR Is the right choice.

What do you get from EMDR (DPDG)?

As a result of the session EMDR a sad, scary or traumatic event will cease to be so. The very memory of a problem situation or experience will not disappear, but its soreness will significantly decrease, disappear. You will cease to feel fear, anxiety, pain, sadness when you think about what happened, when you are faced with what used to cause strong negative feelings.

Second effect EMDR - This is an increase in independence, freedom to choose. Thanks EMDR, instead of responding to a trigger, that is, to a painful situation, as you are used to, for example, with tears or fear, you can choose your reaction and your behavior. In situations reminiscent of an injury, you will feel stronger, more independent, because you can easily control your behavior and do what you yourself want, and not as the injury “requires” you.

In addition, you will receive a unique tool for self-regulation. Via EMDR You will learn how to independently, without the help of a psychologist, bring yourself into a resource state, easily cope with the destructive effects of stress, sudden panic and a sense of powerlessness. After the session EMDRyou can always and everywhere rely quickly on your strengths, your assets and resources, and instantly feel a surge of strength, energy, calmness and enthusiasm.

EMDR Security (DPDG)

EMDR It is not hypnosis or unauthorized influence on the psyche. All changes occur under the strict control of the client, it is the client who carries out all the main work on himself. Psychologist, specialist in EMDR, is only your assistant along the way, an application expert EMDR and plays a supporting role. You can stop the session at any time. EMDRif you find it necessary.

Method EMDR (DPDG) used for thirty years. Its effectiveness is confirmed by controlled clinical trials and results. MRI. Along with cognitive-behavioral therapy, in the USA, the EMDR method is considered the most effective in working with post-traumatic syndrome.

Application procedure EMDR standardized, refined and agreed upon by leading professionals in the field of psychological counseling. This provides additional security and guarantees the result - EMDR is applied according to the protocol, that is, a certain scheme that all psychologists are required to follow.

How is the EMDR (DPDG) session?

At the beginning of the session EMDR a relaxation exercise is done and a comfortable state is fixed, so that at any moment you can quickly return to it. Then EMDR treapeut speaks with the client about the problem situation, helping to remember when such negative feelings arose earlier.

The earliest traumatic situation is found and the main work begins. Several series and sets are made, during each client leads his eyes at a certain pace and according to a certain pattern. In between sets EMDR- A specialist using therapeutic conversation helps you and controls your condition. As a result, the neural memory capsule begins to dissolve, the constriction goes away, the severity of the reaction disappears, the attitude to the problem situation changes.

At the end of the session, you learn to independently return to a comfortable, resourceful state. A comfortable state is a state of peace and balance, relaxation and harmony. All his power can be used for the good in his new life, without unnecessarily heavy experiences and uncontrolled emotional reactions.

Benefits of EMDR (DPDG)

If you’re not ready to share the details of your problem, EMDR will still be effective for you. As a result EMDRSessions the memory itself is not erased, EMDR focuses not on the content, but on the form. In other words, EMDR It does not work with what you remember, but with the way you remember. Thereby, EMDR and allows you to work out a negative experience without talking about it.

EMDR not only destroys the neural capsule, helping you reduce the severity of negative experiences and get rid of fears. Thanks EMDR internal work begins EMDRstimulates a return to adaptive information processing, starts the process of its normalization.

Unfortunately, difficult experiences, difficult situations, fears and stresses negatively affect our perception of ourselves, our self-esteem. We blame ourselves for what happened, scold us, and gradually begin to feel worse about ourselves. EMDR helps to restore self-esteem, strengthen self-esteem and eliminate negative ideas about their abilities and character.

Another plus EMDR - this is short-term. Significant results can be achieved extremely quickly: two to five sessions are enough. And sometimes one.

I am glad to announce that I successfully completed training in St. Petersburg in a new effective method of psychotherapy EMDR (DPDG). "Desensitization and processing through eye movements."

In my video library, I accidentally stumbled upon an instructional video on short-term psychotherapy, in which the teacher explained how quickly and efficiently you can help a person and remove various acute psycho-emotional problems. I immediately tried it for myself, and was surprised how in just 15 minutes I figured out a question that had been haunting me for a month. I decided to do special exercises daily. Any anxiety or excitement that I experienced after the exercise disappeared. Then I didn’t yet know that I met with the new, young method “Desensitization and processing with the help of eye movements”, which was developed by Francis Shapiro.

Unfortunately, my first experience was independent, and there was no one to work with me, but daily exercises quickly began to produce results. My obsessions, thoughts and conditions have gone. Amazing things started to happen in my life. If earlier I endowed people with my illusions about them, now I see reality, they are as they are in reality. I began to have amazing dreams that reflected my real life. I thought that my life was in my hands, but in reality everything turned out to be wrong, I saw that I did not control my life at all. That some old parental attitudes, rules, habits govern my life, and I, as a little child, watch this from the side, let it be, wonder, and sometimes even hysteria. I realized that I also allow other people to manage my life, it’s easy to persuade me and drag me into an event that is unnecessary for me, I will spend a lot of resources on it, but I won’t get any result. I also began to make decisions one by one. I realized that I did not need many of the ideas that I had and spent my energy on, they were imposed on me by society, my trauma, other people or ideas.

But two weeks later, I met with my colleague a psychotherapist, whom I had not seen for several years and she told me that she had been trained and has been applying this method in her work with clients for a year now. And if earlier, it took time, sometimes several months, to work with psychological trauma, anxiety and obsessive states, depression, then working with the “Desensitization and processing using eye movements” method, it takes 6-10 meetings to work out the following problems for clients.

What is the psychotherapeutic approach of DPDH?

American Francis Shapiro, a clinical psychologist, once walking through the woods, found that her nervousness had decreased and her fear disappeared when she moved her eyes in a certain order when walking. At that time, Francis was doing chemotherapy, and she was very worried about the consequences, not only physically, but she was also very nervous and afraid. She became interested in this phenomenon, and she began to carefully study it.

Now, DPDH has established itself as one of the most effective approaches to the work of PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder, this is a violation of the normal functioning of the psyche, and later on of the whole body, as a result of a severe psycho-traumatic situation that can happen once or repeated.

For example: the death of a loved one, an incurable disease of a loved one, emotional abuse, physical abuse, traffic accidents, conflicts, job loss, divorce, or an alcoholic father who beat his wife and children throughout his life, and much more.

In 2012, I myself experienced two loss injuries, one day two loved ones, my mother and husband, left my life at once. It took me about three years to cope with this situation and return to normal life. For three years, I denied, was angry to tears, bargained with God, built hopes, and became depressed. These three years were like walking in a circle for me. It seemed to me that it would never end. Over! But at the end of 2015. I took these two losses. And if in then in 2012 I knew about the method “Desensitization and processing using eye movements” and worked with a specialist, then I would not be stuck in this injury for three years.

Last week, a woman turned to me for help, whose mother had been ill for several years, and she died two years ago. She thought she could handle it herself, but every day it got worse and worse. Relations with her husband deteriorated, and she slowly closed herself from communication with people. It got to the point that she could no longer talk on the phone, on work issues, was afraid to be among people, became isolated in herself. One session, and she had an upsurge, she went to an event in a public place where she felt good, there was no panic, fear and horror that she usually experienced. One session in working with PTSD is not enough to achieve a stable result, it is advisable to go through 10 sessions. Therefore, after 2 days, she gave me feedback that "I fell silent again, and spent the rest of the week using my mouse at work."

PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) acts as a triggered clock mechanism in an explosive device. After a psychological or physical trauma, the first time a person is in a state of shock, which can last several days or weeks. Then everything seems to be getting better, the traumatic situation is forgotten, the “sore” seems to have healed, and it seems that everything, life has started to get better and go back to its normal rhythm. But in fact, in the language of psychology, trauma and all the feelings associated with it are simply supplanted. A person can live on, do something, go to work, communicate, and inside it is a time bomb. And at some point everything begins to crumble: work, relationships, finances, and most importantly - health, etc. PTSD is also terrible because it gives the strongest psychosomatics.

A client turned to me for help, whose 20 years of life passed in extreme stress, it was a period of continuous psychological and physical trauma. She got married, everything seemed to be working out, life was calm, family, child. But after 10 years, psychosomatics rained down. The diagnosis is one, the other, the third ... And at 37, a woman feels 60 years old, cannot walk, she has severe pains, heart problems, hypertension, poor eyesight, and many more diagnoses. We started working with her in the DPDG approach, I will definitely share this case with you, how many sessions we will work on her injury.

A lot of resources are directed to the scientific research of the EMDR method (DPDG “Desensitization and Processing Using Eye Movements”). Followers of the Francis Shapiro method are constantly studying the effects of DPDH therapy on various manifestations of the human psyche. This method has scientific evidence.

How does this happen?

During a psychotherapy session using the DPDH method, a person is very dosed in contact with an emotionally disturbing event for short periods of time, while he simultaneously focuses on external stimuli. External stimuli are visual and tactile contact, and an auditory stimulus can also be used.

Thus, DPDG promotes safe access to traumatic memory networks, during which new associations are established between traumatic memories and more adaptive information, positive human experience.

Fears, phobias, anxiety, panic states;
Obsessive states;
Depression
Migraine;
Chronic pain
Psychosomatic symptoms of various kinds;
Behavioral disorders, including addiction, eating disorders.

And much more.

If you have been tormented by the above problems for a long time, or if you survived the death of a loved one, psycho-emotional, physical or sexual violence, a traffic accident, a strong conflict, job loss, divorce. I invite you to the therapeutic work of DPDH. In the first session you will already feel much better. The severity of the experience will go away, you will become more calm, balanced. This state I call "I am back!".

Another client of mine came with a Panic Attack request. Her condition was complicated by a complex, conflicting relationship with a partner. After several meetings, it turned out that she had experienced several psychological injuries over two years, plus all of this, during that period she had broken her leg. After one work with her using the DPDG method, she said that all the horror she had experienced in those two years when she left the session, as if she had remained in the past. Even during the session, she was surprised that after 30 minutes of work the body became easy to feel, the heaviness in the chest disappeared. And within a week, serious changes occurred in her behavior.

I INVITE YOU TO WORK WITH A SITUATION INJURING YOU! ALREADY AFTER OUR FIRST MEETING, YOU WILL BE RELEASED FROM THE TORKING YOU PROBLEMS! YOU WILL NOT NEED TO GO FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY A YEAR-TWO-THREE!

FROM DECEMBER 1, BY PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT IN TVERI, I ACCEPT the 1st MAN the cost of 1000 rubles. for the reception (60 min)!

HURRY TO BOOK AN APPOINTMENT.

Session duration 1 hour. Psychotherapy with DPDH.

Ecology of life. Psychology: A simple, but quite effective technique, Frensin Shapiro - the method of DPDG (desensitization through eye movement), initially worked well in the psychotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder. Sometimes, the DPDG technique is used independently, as a method of erasing emotional memories that bring mental suffering to a person.

Erase negative emotional memories

EMDR (DPDG) is a quick and painless method of psychological assistance, thanks to which you can easily and reliably get rid of fears, anxiety, the consequences of injuries and a negative attitude to life. The effectiveness of EMDR has been scientifically proven: through clinical trials and studies on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

The EMDR method is based on the idea of \u200b\u200bbilateral stimulation:

The movements of the eyeballs at a certain pace and according to a certain pattern stimulate the alternate work of different cerebral hemispheres.
Rapid eye movements make one or the other hemisphere “turn on”.
Such alternate work positively affects the emotional state, eliminating and reducing the negative impact of traumatic events, fears and experiences.

The acronym EMDR stands for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. The name EMDR - method is translated into Russian as “desensitization with the help of eye movements and reprocessing”, or in short - “DPDG”.

What is DPDG?

In the course of scientific research, the scientists explained the phenomenon of positive psychological effects of special eye movements using the adaptive information processing model.

What is this model?

Uncomplicated, but quite effective frensin Shapiro technique - DPDG method(desensitization through eye movement), initially worked well in psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Sometimes, the DPDG technique is used independently, as a method of erasing emotional memories that bring mental suffering to a person.

As can be seen from the figure, the method of DPDG, desensitization and processing of psychotrauma by eye movement, resembles the principles of NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming), where each eye movement (gaze direction) is directly associated with representative human systems (vision, hearing, kinesthetics). However, the Shapiro method (DPDG) does not focus on the sensors (sensory organs) of a person.

How to use the DPDG method yourself to recycle the trauma, severe stress from the past

Serious past stresses, emotional distress, psychological trauma, such as, for example, rape, hostilities, natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes, leave a deep mark in the human psyche.

The DPDG method will help you erase emotional, traumatic memories on your own.by processing them through eye movement into something neutral, or even positive.

DPDG is independently used in those cases when you are clearly aware that the cause of your current (here and now) experiences, reactions to stress, fears and phobias .., other neurotic conditions is a trauma, experienced severe stress from the past.

Using the DPDG technique yourself - step by step instructions

So, to apply the DPDG technique yourself, you need to sit comfortably opposite the free wall. You can turn on relaxing music, the lighting should not be bright, for better relaxation you can breathe a little deep in your stomach.

Take a small flashlight or laser pointer in your fingers, which you will drive along the wall opposite.

Prepare in advance your traumatic memory that you want to recycle through the movement of the eyes (“freezing” in psycho-trauma, in order to avoid activation of strong feelings, until you need to, just know what you will work with)

In total there will be three steps of DPDG, by performing which you can independently process your psycho-traumatic events from the past, thereby improving your psycho-emotional state in the present.

1 step:After relaxing and directing the light pointer (flashlight) on the opposite wall, with a light movement of one finger (not the entire brush), slowly move the beam along the wall left-right (straight look), fix your eyes on the light spot and move them together with the beam - left-right .

Your gaze is focused on the light spot - this is the foreground. In parallel, try to see in the background, looking through the wall, what happened to you in the past. At the same time, processing psycho-traumatic information, imagining something neutral or positive in fantasy.

Continue to do DPDG for 3-5-10 minutes until you feel that the negative past is gradually dissipatingturning into something normal.

Take a sharp deep breath in and look around in the room, alternately focusing on different objects. Rate your emotional state on a 100% scale: 0 - there is no completely negative emotion - 100% - strong emotion.

You can go to the next step after rest, or the next day - depending on your energy and emotionality.

2 step:You do the same thing, only the movement of the flashlight and with it the eye - in the form of a recumbent eight (infinity sign).

3 step:The same technique of DPDG, but eye movements are now in a circle (counterclockwise).

Since you will use the desensitization method through eye movement on your own, the first time you completely rework the trauma and erase negative emotional memories may not work. Progress, of course, will be, but for the complete processing of stress from the past, it is worth repeating the DPDG technique again.

Also, you can ask a loved one to direct a beam of a flashlight for you, being behind you, out of sight, thereby freeing you from unnecessary psycho-energy costs.

Attention! If you have several psychological traumas in the past, then before processing emotions you need to make a list of problems in the form of a hierarchy. And to begin work with the simplest stressful situations imprinted in the psyche. published

The article is devoted to the use of DPDH technique in the treatment of paphysical disorders. As an example of using this techniqueki is a detailed description of a recent case fromauthor’s practice, in which the cessation of panic was notedseizures and a significant reduction in patient anxiety aftertwo sessions of psychotherapy. As you know, when using DPDGthere is an awareness of the connection between situations of experiencing loss,separation, anger, or grief and prior traumaticbeings. Application of the method for the treatment of panic disordersdiscussed here in the general context of the etiology of panic statesny, given the conflicting and disparate ideasDavanloo and Clark’s. It is noted that the DPDG technique is inherent in suchunique qualities that allow you to apply it at the very timespersonal cases when the goals of therapy may vary frominteroceptive sensations and catastrophic ideas of patientsenta to states of suppressed anger and grief.

Source: Journal of the Practicing Psychologist. 1997, No. 03

Introduction

The FDG technique was developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 80s after it discovered that rapid eye movements from side to side for that short time, while we focus on a traumatic event, leading to a very significant reduction in painful affect and to changes in our negative ideas about the traumatic events that took place (1989a, 1989b, 1994).

Initially, the technique was intended to treat post-traumatic syndrome. There are quite a few reports of cases of its successful application. In addition, several studies have shown that positive, more adapted self-representations of patients occur spontaneously, accompanied by a general improvement in typical syndromes of post-traumatic disorders, including intrusive memories, nightmares, dysphoria and anxiety (EMDR Institute, 1995).

After some time, this technique was adapted to treat disorders such as phobias, addictions, obsessions, personality disorders, and pathological forms of grief. However, so far only Goldstein and Fecke (1994) have published their observations on the use of DPDH in cases of panic disorders and agoraphobia. They described seven cases of the use of DPDH by an experienced psychotherapist over five 90-minute sessions.

All patients were diagnosed with Panic Disorder Syndrome, and most of them also had agoraphobia and general anxiety. These authors are inclined toward a cognitive-behavioral explanation of the use of DPDH in cases of panic disorder, suggesting that the essence of panic disorder syndrome is the fear of panic experience previously experienced by the patient resulting from emotional trauma.

The DPDG technique, designed to get rid of emotional trauma, can also help with panic disorders, which are based on traumatic experiences that cause panic conditions. To date, to measure the degree of improvement before and after DPDG sessions, seven measurements of the degree of anxiety associated with panic conditions and agoraphobia (pathological fear of open space) have been performed.

The use of DPDH has greatly helped many patients. The number of panic attacks and the degree of anxiety decreased markedly, as did the main symptoms of stress. Discussing the treatment process, Goldstein and Fecke noted that in some patients whose focus on the traumatic aspects of panic attacks when using DPDH and the desensitization process, the degree of general relaxation increased after psychotherapy sessions, while in other patients this method caused a flow of associations. leading to memories, often repeated from childhood, associated with distrust, helplessness and a feeling of loneliness. The appearance of traumatic childhood memories was not unexpected.

As Francine Shapiro continued to use this method, it became clear to her (1991) that besides desensitization itself, some other factors were involved in the therapy process. Although sometimes focusing on trauma or anxiety during eye movement provided quick relief without causing verbal associations, in other cases, the initial traumatic images opened the way to earlier (usually childish) disturbing memories, which in fact formed the basis actual issues. When these injuries underlying the disorder were worked out with the help of eye movements, and the painful feelings and inadequate beliefs associated with them changed, then the distress associated with the initial underlying trauma (or phobia) was resolved.

Shapiro's descriptions of these cases resemble the short-term treatment methods used by Freud and Breyer (1895/1955), and may be of interest to anyone involved in psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy or analytical hypnotherapy. As you know, F. Shapiro (1994) described the DPDH process in terms of a cognitive rather than psycho-dynamic direction, while developing her own model of accelerated processing of information, but this description is, in essence, a complete departure from behavioral principles and in its form, it is rather closer to the psychodynamic, with some clear signs of the influence of the humanistic approach and with the addition of assumptions about the neuromechanisms underlying the action of DPDH.

In other words, F. Shapiro suggests that the information imprinted upon experiences is organized at the neurological level in a kind of “network” - rather complex structures that store cognitive, sensual and affective information in encoded form, and organizing it differently from what is supposed in the model of perceptual-motor processing of information proposed by Levental, or in the concept of “emotional circuits” (Greenberg & Safra, 1987, Ch.5). It is assumed that in the process of life, new information and experience are naturally associated with existing neural networks. When an injury occurs, it is comprehensively processed by congenital, self-governing systems that have a neurological basis, until there is a connection with adaptive information (acquired earlier or new) and subsequent integration. This natural healing process is similar to what in psychodynamic concepts is called the "tendency to completion" and "obsessive action", and is also close to the ideas of Gestalt therapy about "structural integrity". However, information with an excess of negative emotional charge during an injury can overwhelm the information processing system existing in the body and isolate in a special state in which there is no interaction with other networks and with new experience. Although traumatic information in such a state is isolated, it nevertheless continues to influence behavior and emotional state as a special irritant that causes activation of nerve networks and the re-experiencing of negative states, creating a tendency to act in the behavior under the influence of these negative emotional states.

Manually repeated eye movements repeated during DPDH stimulate this natural processing system until certain aspects of the painful and non-assimilated material appear and the barriers that keep this material in isolation are partially or completely overcome (it can be assumed that this associated with synaptic potentials, which reflect the intensity of affect), the result of which is a movement towards integration with the acquisition of adaptive forms of behavior.

The study of DPDH using statistical analysis of electroencephalography data suggests that psychopathological conditions can be divided into types according to the degree of suppression and asynchronization of the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres, and that stimulation of both hemispheres with eye movements or other stimulus can restore the synchronization of the hemispheres and return to the natural functioning of the cerebral cortex. brain suppressed and disturbed by a trauma (Nicosia, 1994).

Continued stimulation during the DPDH process leads to the integration of information at an accelerated pace.

Clinical case:

Patient: Sarah, about 20 years old, was referred for psychotherapy with a diagnosis of Panic Disorder Syndrome. Sarah refused treatment with anxiety-relieving drugs, since their use caused her to be inhibited. She reported that a few months earlier she had an unexpected “fit” at the hairdresser, during which she experienced dizziness, trembling, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain, and the patient was overwhelmed by the overwhelming feeling of fear that she might fall to faint.

Most of the time after the incident, she did not leave a feeling of intense tension, there was an increase in attention to the slightest signs of dizziness. Often repeated abdominal pain, problems with sleep, and the patient began to feel so uncomfortable that she all the time had to persuade someone to be with her.

In addition, she began to avoid many sports that she used to enjoy doing. Despite all attempts to maintain peace of mind, she could not restrain numerous partial panic attacks, which were characterized by dizziness, increased heart rate, trembling in the body and the fear that she might lose her balance and fall. Sarah was carefully examined, but no significant irregularities were found.

The author concluded that the patient’s emotional and behavioral symptoms meet the criteria that DSM-IV offers for the diagnosis of panic disorder. In the end, the patient became so preoccupied with thoughts of possible new attacks that she even changed her usually independent behavior, trying to keep someone around her.

At the same time, her agoraphobic tendencies would most correctly be considered subclinical, because although the patient was anxious when she was alone, she did not attach too much importance to such situations and did not try to avoid them at all costs.

A year ago, Sarah experienced the same attack during her trip abroad. She thought that maybe one of her brothers or sisters is also experiencing similar anxiety, but she did not know anything about cases of such psychopathology in her family. Sarah's panic attack was associated with the marriage of her father to another woman, the beginning of a new and important work for her, and preparation for final exams. She talked about her idyllic childhood, about parents who were quite strict, but at the same time did not show hyper-custody. Sarah was the youngest of four children, sociable, good student and healthy child. She was closer to her mother, who was seriously ill when Sarah was still very young.

The family led a normal life, despite the illness of the mother, but after she died soon, the children were very sad about what had happened, while the father became isolated. Sarah yearned for her mother and worried that her father’s new marriage could destroy the family hearth. She could not explain her panic attack with anything other than a reaction to this stress.

The patient mentioned a book on panic conditions, which she read in the hope that this would help her cope with her attacks. We asked her to come as needed, but she wanted to cope with her own

panic attacks. For almost a month, nothing was heard of Sarah. Then she called and said that her anxiety did not decrease and that she had several partial attacks, and over the past few days she has been experiencing acute anxiety.

We discussed with the patient the possibility of undergoing treatment with the help of DPDH. The main reason we decided to use DPDG came from observations suggesting that DPDG quickly reveals blocked memories and conflict situations associated with disturbing experiences. It turned out that Sarah was injured not so much by panic conditions as by her own life experience, which was the root cause of depression due to the loss of family and the inevitable need to lead an independent life, which caused unsolvable problems related to the frustrated feeling of attachment.

Anxiety associated with the breakdown of emotional relationships is considered by many theorists of the psychodynamic approach to be a major factor in the development of panic attacks (Bowlby, 1973; Nemiah, 1988; Shear et al., 1993). For example, Davanloo in his work focused on the dynamics of panic attacks and argues that these attacks are associated with a certain central conflict, accompanied by additional conflict situations, and that a real (or subjectively experienced) rejection or trauma mobilizes reactive aggression and sadism, which it then turns out to be largely depressed, and this, in turn, is accompanied by a considerable sense of guilt (Dawanloo, 1990; Kahn, 1990).

Although psychotherapists can hold various hypotheses in explaining the patient’s symptoms, in reality, these hypotheses have little effect on the course of treatment with DPDH. Suppressed material pops up spontaneously in patients. The patient is asked to describe in detail a painful experience or situation in which the main symptom arises, for the treatment of which psychotherapy is aimed. The image associated with the most unpleasant moment is identified with the currently existing negative self-presentation (for example, “I am guilty” or “I am helpless”).

The sensations in the body associated with a negative affect are localized, and the degree of distress is measured on a scale of subjective anxiety units (SEB). In this case, more acceptable ideas about yourself arise.

As soon as the patient's attention was fixed on certain aspects of the maladaptive material, a series of eye movements (LDH) began, with an average duration of 20 seconds. At the end of each series, the patient was asked what she was feeling at the moment. A further series of eye movements took place as the patient worked through the information and gained access to memory or to spontaneously unfolding patterns of perception.

In this case, the therapist did not need to do almost anything except to maintain the overall atmosphere of the process until the patient fixated on the same sensation or memory. At this point, the therapist can have some influence on the patient by bringing in information that can help the client move towards integration (Shapiro, 1994). In this case, the main negative episode was the memory of the moment in the office when she felt lightly dizzy, after which a wave of fear arose. It seemed to her that she was helpless, lonely and could fall. At this moment, we started eye movements. The first few LDHs caused an increasing sense of discomfort in the chest area.

When we tried to focus the patient’s attention on these sensations, she began to cry and say that she was homesick for her mother. Further SDH caused an episode of sobbing and the patient realized that she was not a good enough daughter, and that was what led to the death of her mother. The following SDH eye movements caused an attack of anger directed at the mother, who from early childhood treated Sarah as if she were already an adult and did not need love, without stressing that she needed Sarah. When recalling this, Sarah acutely experienced her "badness"; she continued to cry and herd. Then Sarah, still experiencing her guilt, found in herself the thought that she was glad of the death of her mother.

Further processing of the information led to memories of the stiffness and repulsive nature of the mother. Then guilt gradually diminished, and Sarah began to realize that in reality she herself was never bad. Her needs were perfectly normal for the child. Sarah realized that her mother had always suppressed her needs, especially doing everything

so that Sarah has a feeling of guilt. After a further series of eye movements, Sarah gradually calmed down and felt quite a grown man.

Checking the level of fear that occurs with a feeling of dizziness showed a decrease on a 10-point scale of subjective anxiety from 9 to 1.

The next session was held two weeks later. After the first session of DPDG, Sarah felt significant relief, except for some strange sensations that arose during her work. Further treatment with the help of DPDH was aimed at eliminating these sensations.

It turned out that Sarah hates her work, doing it only to please her father. She was angry with her father, at first for his estrangement, and then for the fact that he, having remarried, remoted her from himself. Sarah realized that her painful symptoms were related to the need for attention, just as in childhood, the only reliable way to earn attention to herself was a disease. Then she realized that she was taking on the martyrdom of her mother, suffering “quietly” and expressing her many indirect veiled accusations in the form of suffering. As the study continued, the patient realized that she needed to talk with her father, allowing herself to directly express her anger related to her position at home and her plans for the future. Moreover, she already felt much less helpless.

results: Over the next six months, Sarah no longer had panic attacks. Her anxiety almost completely disappeared, except for those cases when she experienced a wave of strange sensations and was afraid to be completely captured by this wave. Further processing of these experiences with the help of DPDG led to a feeling of sadness from the realization that she was at home in a trap associated with increasing conflict with her stepmother. She realized that it was time to leave home.

We can assume that the first two sessions of DPDH brought significant relief of symptoms. In fact, the patient greatly exaggerated the significance of the main main conflict, which was the basis for her panic disorder. Improvements were noted in the characteristic type of her anxiety, manifested in bodily sensations and aimed at expressing emotional needs, as well as at unknowingly suppressing oneself feelings fraught with interpersonal conflicts.

Of course, one cannot say that the patient’s character or her protective mechanisms were completely rebuilt, but nevertheless the previous complaints were eliminated, and the additional benefit of psychotherapy was that the patient could more openly examine her unresolved problems and emotionally significant events.

Discussion:Over the past decade, an understanding of the nature of panic disorder syndrome (STD) has expanded significantly.

The early ideas of Klein (1981) and Sheehan, Ballenger & Jacobson (1980), in which panic attacks are a purely endogenous phenomenon caused by neuropsychological causes, proved to be very valuable for developing effective pharmacological treatments for panic syndrome. In addition, these studies paved the way for the creation of numerous models, in particular, diathesis, combining both genetic and psychological factors.

For example, Clark (1986), Beck (1988) and Barlow (1988), based on a cognitive and behavioral approach, offered their theoretical explanations, which were based on the ideas of lowering thresholds of anxiety, constitutional neuroticism, interoceptive conditioning, the formation of catastrophic premonitions related to somatic

sensations.

All of these treatment methods were quite effective, often leading to a noticeable improvement after 7-15 therapeutic sessions, however, a fairly significant residual anxiety remained, and in addition, a significant number of patients with minimal or even insignificant level of changes were observed (Barlow, 1994; Clark, 1994 ; Klosko et al., Telch et al., 1993). In these studies, ideas can be found related to addictive conflict, immature forms of defense, low self-confidence, and anger in case of pathological beliefs in many patients with panic disorders (Andrews et al., 1990; Shear et al., 1993; Tryer et al., 1983), which raises the question of the need for special approaches in the treatment of such cases and the responsibility of the therapist. Many psychodynamically oriented theorists tried to integrate ideas related to biological vulnerability, the specifics of personal development and unconscious conflicts generated by addiction, anger and guilt into a single model of SPD.

So, Shear et al. (1993) believe that congenital neuropsychological irritability predisposes some children to a sense of abandonment by their parents or, for example, a feeling of suffocation (both real and imaginary), and forms in them external relations of the type: threatening object - weak , dependent "I".

Fantasies about one's own abandonment or deceit are easily activated in weak individuals, provoking high anxiety. Situations that threaten an individual’s safety, in fact or symbolically, as well as create a sense of psychological deadlock, will cause anxiety, just as in the case of any unconscious negative affect that causes bodily sensations. The mentioned authors proved that psychodynamic methods can play an important additional role when using psychopharmacological and cognitive methods of treating panic syndrome. Thus, the “Brief Intensive Dynamic Psychotherapy” method proposed by Davanloo is a further development of the idea that panic syndrome can be treated quite quickly without the use of medications and cognitive methods (Davanloo, 1989a, 1989b, 1989c; Kahn, 1990). The Davanloo method systematically restructures the patient’s defense mechanisms, which is aimed at “unblocking unconscious material”, revealing the suppressed neurotic essence of guilt and angry sadistic reactions associated with real or imaginary characters from childhood memories. The introduction of these feelings or impulses into consciousness leads to a significant reduction in panic symptoms over one or more sessions. However, mastering the Davanloo method requires several years of training under the guidance of an experienced specialist, since there is a real risk of harming the patient if this method is used incorrectly. This method also assumes the existence of such a unified model explaining the appearance of panic syndrome, which would avoid resorting to simple cognitive or conditioned forms of fear as an adequate explanation of STD. In addition, this approach assumes the presence of special painful personality types that contribute to the appearance of a panic syndrome in them, which does find some confirmation (see above), but, at the same time, contradicts the data of other studies suggesting that a certain number of patients in periods between panic attacks are completely independent, emotionally stable, and relatively fearless people (Hafner, 1982).

The widespread prevalence of panic conditions, as well as numerous concomitant disorders, including those associated with hereditary factors (Barlow, 1988); the undeniable effectiveness (as well as limited possibilities) of such treatment methods as antidepressants, potent drugs of the benzodiazepine group, breathing techniques, cognitive-behavioral methods of psychotherapy, as well as the method proposed by Davanloo, create a plausible picture of the polyetiological nature of DSS.

Different patients may experience a different combination of neuropsychological, psychodynamic and acquired factors. In this context, DPDH is a unique clinical treatment for panic syndrome. As Goldstein discovered, some patients experience desensitization and a change in their traumatic ideas without affecting their underlying psychodynamic problems, while other patients experience memories of early injuries or other disorders. In my clinical experience, I also met patients with panic syndrome who did not have deep memories, but who nevertheless achieved complete relaxation after treatment, associated with a change in their catastrophic beliefs.

The described case is characterized by a quick manifestation of clearly unconscious conflicts associated with increased dependence, anger, grief, and guilt, as well as with inappropriate character traits. Perhaps there is something in the process itself that determines whether patients will immediately experience effective desensitization, or whether they will need to turn to hidden memories of previous trauma events. For each of these types of patients, the appropriate psychotherapeutic approach required to achieve recovery can be applied.

The DPDH technique needs an objective and controlled assessment of the results of psychotherapy, as well as a study of

process, in particular in its application to the treatment of SPR. There is reason to believe that this technique can become a genuine option of “centering on the client,” leading to the rapid elimination of the main symptoms through desensitization and changing the patient’s perceptual system, while stimulating those that pave the way for more significant personality transformations.

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