Preschool preparation at home. How to prepare a child for school independently - the rules and basics of home training

Svetlana Vladimirovna Rogovskaya
Home school preparation

The most pressing topic that worries parents of five-year-olds is preparing a child for school.

Preparing your child for schoolshould be carried out from all sides: in kindergarten, at special courses and required at home. In kindergarten and in school Specialists conduct classes, and they will do their job, but only when working together with parents.

As an elementary school teacher, I will dwell on the most worried question for you: how in prepare your child for school at home? What needs to be done for this?

Communicate more with your child, answer his questions, pay attention to him, read together.

Do your classes at homefun and fun: Turn learning into a game, an ordinary walk - into an exciting adventure. Remember that the game creates the most favorable conditions to develop your child and communicate with him.

Walking along the street with your child - count puddles, cones together, at home, flowers, trees, birds, ask him to name the house numbers, read the names of streets and shops, tell me where the puddle came from, why there are a lot of cones here, what children play in the playground, why do you need benches in the park, etc. During a walk, using pebbles, sticks, chestnuts, acorns, lay out numbers, letters, write them with chalk on the asphalt, because it is much easier to remember information visually. Offer your child simple tasks from his life. for instance: Three sparrows and four titmouse sit on a tree. How many birds are there in a tree?

At home in class with children count fruits, vegetables, sweets, favorite toys, fairy tale characters. Lay out toys, for example, kinder surprises in front of the child, ask them to remember, and then when he turns away, remove one or swap them. The child must find what has changed.

Play with preschooler in words: let him name the surrounding objects, starting with a certain sound, or think up the words in which the given letter should occur, find differences in the words, which one is longer, which is shorter, what letters they differ.

When reading or watching a cartoon, discuss with the child what he has learned. Take an interest in his opinion, ask leading questions. Just don't limit yourself to monosyllabic answers. "Yes", "no" or "I do not know". Ask the child to explain why he thinks so. At the same time, help him build the explanation logically and bring the idea to the end.

Talk with children about items of clothing, furniture, utensils, fruits and vegetables, and the like.

At preparing a child for school it’s more important not to teach him how to write, but to create conditions for the development of small muscles of the arm. What methods will help to train a children's hand?

1. Modeling from clay and plasticine.

2. Drawing and coloring pictures.

3. Making paper crafts, natural material: cones, acorns, straw.

4. Fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks.

5. Tying and untying ribbons, shoelaces, knots on a rope.

6. Screwing and unscrewing the lids of the cans.

7. Weaving of braids from threads, wreaths of flowers.

8. Sorting cereals, for example, peas, buckwheat and rice.

9. The "show" of the poem. When a child tells a poem, let him show with his hands everything that is said in it.

10. Ball games, with cubes, mosaic, picking up puzzles.

Classes should last no more than 30 minutes, otherwise the baby loses patience and interest. It is better to alternate classes and combine them with coloring, crafts, etc.

On the doorstep school perhaps the most important thing is to teach the child independence, work out a certain regime: at one time to get up, eat, walk, study, go to bed - this will help the baby easier to adapt to school.

Already now, dear parents, learn to let go of your child. Fear for the baby may not completely go away, but your task is to teach him to do without you in the most elementary situations.

Be sure to consider the following.:

Do not be angry if the child does not understand something and does something wrong, encourage him to ask questions and solve problems, help him, but at the same time do not rush to do something for him.

Development must be harmonious. And remember, praise plays a big role for a child.

In psychology, there is a point of view according to which the child must be praised “Upfront”then he will try to match this image. If you tell the child "You're good", "You're smart", “You are capable”, “You will succeed”, "I believe in you", he is forming a belief in his own strength and adequate self-esteem. Wrong to tell the child "You are the best", since this implies comparing it with others, which is impractical. If a person develops a habit of comparing himself with others from childhood, he can grow up unsure of himself or envious. Strong personalities do not compare themselves with others, they are aware of their uniqueness and uniqueness.

S. V. Rogovskaya, teacher of secondary school No. 2 of Mogilev

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If the baby soon becomes a first grader, then the first task of parents is to make the start of school life as easy as possible. The willingness of the children to learn allows us to predict their future successes. Will parents be able to prepare their child for school on their own or should they be given to preparatory courses? According to experts, if parents will know how to prepare their child for school, then you can do this at home. The main thing is to remember that the essence of preparatory lessons is the development of the necessary skills, abilities, and qualities. Of particular importance is the psychological maturity of children, since the assimilation and practical application of educational information is possible only with an appropriate attitude. Surrounding adults should help the preschool child psychologically.

Is it necessary to prepare for school?

7 years - the age of the beginning of schooling for most children. The development of educational programs takes into account the features of this age, tasks require the ability of children to perform certain actions. Many parents ask why special training is needed. They argue: if the learning process is properly designed, it is enough to start studying sciences in the first grade. Experts say that reaching the age set for study does not guarantee successful learning. Schoolwork requires a certain outlook, the practice of applying existing knowledge is necessary. Lack of relevant knowledge and skills will become an obstacle even for a smart first-grader. Therefore, you need to prepare for school correctly and in a timely manner.

The main objectives of the preparatory classes are:

Transfer of sufficient “baggage” of knowledge to the child.
Developing the ability to work in new conditions.

What should a future first grader be able to do?

The start of studies is difficult for many children. Parents see this by doing homework with their children. The proposed tasks seem too complicated, the load is excessive. For a school to become a place of interesting classes, basic skills are required that allow you to successfully learn. It is desirable for a future first-grader to possess:

counting skills up to 10 and vice versa;
knowledge of numbers;
the ability to perform simple operations of addition, subtraction, comparison;
skills for solving problems of orientation in space;
ability to calculate patterns;
the ability to copy images;
knowledge of block letters;
ability to read texts;
the ability to highlight the main thing in the text, retell it.

All of the above provides the child with the opportunity to quickly understand the essence of the school assignment. When the algorithm is clear, work is done calmly, confidently. It is important to lay the appropriate foundation - the repetition of typical tasks that consolidate the material. These requirements are considered to be the criteria of the basic readiness of the child for school life.

But! The availability of training skills is not the only condition for successful work. Special preparation for school is required, which includes several types of readiness.

Educational readiness

The level of readiness is detected by testing preschoolers. Tasks allow you to determine the boundaries of knowledge of the future student, difficulties are identified. Typically, six-year-olds are asked a series of questions. Children should know:

last name, first name, birthday;
name and patronymic of parents;
home address;
names of the seasons;
names of the days of the week;
names of various categories of items (dishes, furniture, etc.)

Important!It is better to know in advance what questions are included in the test in order to prepare the child for school on their own.

High levels of pedagogical readiness look promising for a preschool child, but you should not rely on them completely. Often seven-year periods, demonstrating extensive knowledge in the field of different spheres of life, find it difficult to encounter a first-class program. On the contrary, prepared children for school are able to be among the best by the end of the school year.

The main reason is the degree of psychological readiness. How to prepare a child for school in terms of psychology?

What is included in psychological readiness

Often parents experience frustration. The child has recently expressed a strong desire to attend school. Having become a schoolboy, the child does not want to hear about the lessons. Every morning, tears. The answer is the lack of psychological maturity that creates the required motivation. All kids are attracted to any attributes of the "adult" position. For first graders, this is a satchel, uniform, textbooks. Indicators of the new status overshadow the main thing - you have to rebuild your lifestyle.

To understand how children are able to accept a new lifestyle, assess the degree of psychological readiness. It can be briefly described as follows: the student’s ability to master science in the right mode, pace and volume. It is worth disassembling the individual components of the system.

1. Intellectual readiness

Seven-year-old children accumulate a certain experience that allows them to analyze facts and draw conclusions. Objects are evaluated, compared, classified. The reasoning of preschoolers is funny, but the manifestations of children's thoughts, feelings, emotions are age-appropriate. But analytical abilities should be developed in special exercises, tasks.

Important! Preparing for school involves tasks when they are taught to separate the main from the secondary:

To solve mathematical problems, a quick reading of the conditions is necessary. The text is comprehended, the main thing is highlighted. Understanding the issue is a condition for obtaining the correct result.
From the information transmitted by the teacher, the main thing should be perceived. Therefore, an important condition for successful study is a broad outlook, which gives the desire to acquire new knowledge. Solving mathematical problems, reading fairy tales, composing stories becomes equally interesting.

2. Volitional readiness

In order to properly prepare the child for schoolwork, you need to understand that the interaction of the student with the teacher requires mandatory compliance with the requirements and rules. Discipline is an integral factor in a stable school life.

An example is a frequently arising situation: the teacher gives the children a task, then leaves the classroom. Some of the guys diligently perform it. The rest quit classes, starting to play pranks, indulge. Volitional willingness to learn is manifested by the presence of motivation (motivation to study), responsibility for the work performed. Parents should think carefully about how to prepare their child for school at home in this regard.

3. Personal readiness

For the learning process to bear fruit, the student must be aware of the "balance of power." The student needs to understand, correctly evaluate his own position, teacher status, the position of other children in order to exclude inappropriate behavior. It is important to teach your child how to communicate with adults and peers.

Forms of preparatory classes

Parents often ask the question: in what form should be prepared for school? Experts give the following advice to parents of future first graders.

Important! Developing classes can be held at any age. The recommended period of basic training is one year, the optimal age is six years. Earlier training is best done without emphasis on strict requirements, it is recommended to use game forms.

Note! Classes should be perceived easily, excluding the feeling of monotony, boredom, forced work.

Classes with preschoolers allow the use of different formats. Such options are possible: to cook the child yourself or entrust the work to an experienced teacher. The choice of form of preparation is determined by family circumstances, the characteristics of the child's character. Teachers work on the basis of school courses, children's educational centers, private practice.

Training by school teachers is very popular among parents. The main reasons for demand:

Six is \u200b\u200bgetting used to the school atmosphere, discipline, rules.
Classes strictly comply with the requirements of this educational institution.
It is possible to know the teacher in advance.
A preschooler feels more calm, confident, subsequently starting his studies.

Cons of similar offers:

Courses exclude an individual approach.
Schoolwork is quite monotonous, tiring.
After attending courses, children often complain that they are tired of the school.
Services have an unreasonably high cost.

Be sure to consider the psychological characteristics of the child. Naughty, fidget will be useful school environment. Strict teacher requirements will become a limiter. For an emotional, anxious baby, it is better to consider alternative options. Then the process will be softer, gradual.

It is advisable to take an interest in the character and professional qualities of the teacher before attending the courses.

Educational centers

Many children's centers offer training services for future first graders. This form of employment is also in demand. The advantages of such classes are small groups with an individual approach to children. Parents are usually invited to choose a time convenient for classes.

Choosing classes in a private center, you should pre-specify the program, sections of the plan. Of great importance is the reputation of the institution in the parental environment. Indeed, the quality of preparatory classes directly affects the level of children prepared for school.

Tutor

Individual lessons are chosen by many mothers, wanting to provide the child with maximum attention. Such an approach positively colors learning.

The downside is the lack of a children's team. Being engaged in a group, the guys get used to listening to someone else's answer, to accept someone else's opinion. The group helps develop respect. A good skill is the distribution of roles, working together. Individual training excludes the possibility of such an interaction.

Home school preparation (assignments)

You can prepare your child for school on your own. Psychologists give the following advice to parents of future first graders:

find out what program is provided by primary school;
acquire the necessary benefits;
draw up a detailed plan of exercises using the recommendations of specialists.

Home teaching methodology

The technique usually does not cause difficulties. Easily buy workbooks designed for specific programs. The proposed exercises are enough. So that the fulfillment of assigned tasks does not become boring, it is better to supplement the blocks with gaming components.

It’s also easy to choose the exercises yourself. In any case, it is advisable to draw up your own curriculum.

Writing the elements of letters, numbers. It is convenient to use textbooks, ready-made prescriptions. A good help will be the image of patterns, ornaments.
The solution of mathematical problems, examples. It is not necessary to use a textbook. Game techniques and images of objects are allowed.
Performing graphic tasks. The use of school notebooks implies the ability to count cells, lines, and back off the right amount. When developing skills, it is useful to use graphic dictations. The adult dictates, indicating the direction with the number of cells, the child depicts.
A good option would be to draw symmetric pictures. Again, cells of the notebook sheet are used. One half of the picture is ready, you need to draw a mirror image next to it to get a complete picture.
Another recommended task is to walk through the labyrinth shown.
The solution of logical problems. The complex includes the use of geometric shapes. It is proposed to classify objects by color, size, shape, number of sides, angles. It is also good to include here various tasks that develop ingenuity, ingenuity.

Reading. Children should be offered small texts without obscure words. It is desirable that the content is interesting, unusual, fascinating. Read is invited to retell. An important point is the expression of the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe plot.
Speech development. Great exercise - different variations of the word game. Memorizing verses will be useful. The repeated repetition of rhymed text by adults imperceptibly “triggers” the mechanisms of memorization. Another good task is to write a story using the given words.
Broadening the horizons. Primary school educational programs include the subject “Outside World”. It would be nice to explain in advance to the preschooler the basics of nature, society.

Important! So much attention is deservedly given to the development of fine motor skills - it becomes easier for children to write, and the hand moves more freely. Modeling, drawing, weaving, sand compositions are usually recommended.

How to conduct homework

Lessons with children are close to school and can be comprehensive, include tasks related to different disciplines, areas. It is allowed to engage in one subject each time, changing the forms of training. The main indicator is the quality of perception of information.

Being engaged at home, it is easy to use unusual formats. For example, studying for a walk is a good option. It’s more interesting to solve examples by writing numbers with chalk on the asphalt. Task conditions may include surrounding objects.

Can be used:

puzzles:
1. Little titmouse birds sat in a row and say words (letters);
2. Cunning little brothers live in a smart book. Ten of them, but these brothers will count everything in the world (numbers);
tongue twisters and rhymes:
1. Grass in the yard, firewood in the grass: time - firewood, two firewood, three firewood ...
2. Quail and quail five quail;
songs: ("Letters different write a thin feather in a notebook
They study at school, learn at school, learn at school.
Subtract and multiply, do not offend the kids ... ");
fairy tales (you can invent yourself based on folk tales);
puzzles (“Wolf, goat and cabbage”, “Name five days without naming numbers and names of days”).

The frequency of the lessons is a serious matter. Achieve a noticeable result will be obtained with regular exercise.

It is necessary to teach the six-year-old to complete tasks on time. Lessons are best done during the day. Evening is a bad time to solve examples. To a weary child, elementary tasks seem incomprehensible. Interest in learning, of course, also does not arise.

Going to sleep is also desirable to make timely. Then the morning awakening will not become painful, painful. When the baby has slept, he is full of energy, it is easier to work on tasks.

Important! The time for completing tasks must be selected based on other activities during the day. It’s bad if the home lesson starts immediately after visiting a music school or pool. Fatigue slows down thought processes, so the result is unlikely to please.

Any lesson should include self-study and exercise under the supervision of an adult. A new type of activity always requires additional support, material explanations.

Part of the tasks must be carried out in compliance with the time frame. For example, it takes ten minutes to solve a problem. Such an approach will teach you not to waste time, rationally doing work. Just do not create a tense atmosphere, constantly reminding you of the time. It is enough to evaluate the result, drawing the attention of the preschooler to compliance with the conditions.

When preparing a child for the first class, mothers and fathers should evaluate their own level of anxiety. The tension of adults is inevitably transmitted to the children, not allowing them to feel confident.
Small victories require recognition, small failures ask for help. The feeling that parents are nearby, ready to help, is worth a lot. Do not be painful to perceive crookedly written letters, incorrectly performed calculations, stammering reading. Constant criticism is the cause of uncertainty. The source of motivation is support. Friendly attitude, approving statements can work miracles.
Although readiness for the educational process is assessed at the beginning of study, it really only appears after the first half of the year. Sometimes children need time to show their potential. Parents need patience. Studying can be an interesting collaborative effort.
A sense of inner comfort is an important condition for any successful activity. If the future student is calm, learning is always easier. The type of occupation must be selected based on this criterion.

Parents of toddlers who attend kindergarten do not need to worry about preparing their child for school. Educators and specially trained specialists are engaged in this. But what about adults whose children do not attend preschool? Is it possible to independently prepare the crumbs for school life, and how to do it right?

When should I start preparing my child for school?

Inexperienced parents believe that if the baby goes to school at the age of 6, then it’s enough to work with him from the age of five, and in a year the child will master, so to speak, the course of the young soldier. In fact, this is a clear fallacy.

Psychologists say that the most favorable age to start preparing for school is 3.5-4 years.

By the age of 3, your beloved little man has formed as a person. A little little thing about the world around him with great interest, and questions pour in from him, like from a cornucopia. You need to use the moment, and just direct his curiosity in the right direction .

By the age of three, the child manifests spatial and logical thinking, memory is activated. He not only wants to receive answers to his questions, but also to remember them. Therefore, do not be angry with the baby if he asks several times about the same thing.

What do you need to prepare your child for school?

Activities with a child should in no case be episodic. Make a clear plan for yourself, similar to the school schedule. Break all the information that you need to convey to the crumbs on separate topics.

At the same time, keep in mind that until the baby reaches the age of 4.5-5 years, one lesson should not exceed fifteen minutes. The disclosure of one topic should fit into this period of time.

After each lesson, take a break for 15-20 minutes. So that the baby does not get tired and does not lose interest in learning, conduct no more than 3 lessons per day. Do not scold the child if he does not succeed. You need to deal with him calmly and patiently.

Equip a convenient place for classes, give him a shelf in the closet, where your child will store all the educational supplies. From the first days, teach him to keep his workplace in order, do not throw pens, notebooks or books on the table.

Sometimes it’s not so difficult to instill calligraphy skills or the ability to count how to accustom your child to perseverance and following the daily routine that awaits him at school.

What classes are needed to prepare for school?

The preparation of the baby includes such activities as:

reading;
calligraphy;
mathematics;
creative activities (modeling, drawing, application);
one of the foreign languages.

Reading

This item comes first. The faster the baby learns the letters and learns to put them first into syllables and then into words, the faster the whole process of acquiring new knowledge will go. You need to go from simple to complex. Any word consists of letters, so the initial task of parents is to learn the alphabet with the child.

Find poems about letters on the Internet or in children's books. Listening to the description of each letter in poetic form, the baby will remember them faster. In addition, she will try to repeat individual phrases from the verse.

Here are some good poems by Boris Zakhoder:

Everyone knows the letter A,
The letter is very nice.
Yes, in addition, the letter A
The main alphabet.

Here is an example of a quatrain of another author:

B is like a pipe
What is buzzing boo boo boo boo
And a little iron
Says my best friend.

Agree that in this form it will be very interesting to learn letters for a little inquisitive man.

After the kid learns the letters, show him how the syllables are made up of them. Name the consonants in the way the sound is pronounced, that is, not “me” or “be”, but “m” and “b”. Otherwise, the word mother, composed of letters, the baby can pronounce mea-mea.

Get a gorgeous colorful poster with an alphabet from a bookstore. Hang it over the kid’s desk. When a child’s gaze runs into an image, passive memory is activated. Looking at familiar letters, it will be better to remember them.

To prevent learning to add syllables for a long time, buy a baby magnetic alphabet. Kids love to move colorful letters around the board. Your task is to help the crumbs to choose from them those that are needed to add a particular syllable or word. Take the process of learning the alphabet and learning to read a fun game .

Today there is a huge amount of colorful reading material on sale. It can be cubes, cards or puzzles with separate letters or syllables. Look for pictures that clearly show how letters are combined into syllables. There is a lot of similar information on the Internet, in children's books and colorful didactic materials.

Calligraphy training

At the age of 3.5-4 years, the baby is still not quite confident in his hands holding a pencil or pen. Therefore, it is not worth expecting that the child will quickly learn to write well. At this age, only sticks and small hooks are subject to him. Giving crumbs simple tasks, look at school prescriptions. Even first-graders do not immediately begin to write letters. It’s better to teach your child to write letters from the age of five . In this case, you need to start with block letters.

No need to immediately demand good results from the baby. The makings of learning a particular subject are different for all children. If the child is lame with fine motor skills, it will be difficult to teach him how to write beautifully. First you need to show the baby how to hold the pen.

The handwriting may also be affected by the posture in which the baby is piling over his task. Keep your baby in proper posture when writing. His back should be straightened, and the table should be at chest level. The elbows of the baby should lie on the table.

Pay attention to the location of the notebook on the table. It should be placed slightly at an angle, and the lower left corner should lie in the center of the child’s chest.

Learning math

By the time he enters school, the future first-grader should be able to quickly count to 10 there and back, add and subtract within these numbers.

Where to start learning crumbs?

First, the baby must learn such quantitative concepts. as less, more, equal. Teach him to compare 2 groups of objects. For example, lay out on the table a different number of cars and cubes. The baby must figure out which items are larger, and which are smaller, and what needs to be done to make them evenly divided. Thus, the child will become familiar with such terms as add and take.
In addition, he must learn to operate with such concepts as close - far, high - low . Even before acquaintance with the numbers, the kid needs to talk about geometric shapes, teach to distinguish a circle from an oval, a square from a rectangle or triangle.
At the next stage, with the help of small toys, pencils or counting sticks, the numbers are studied with the child . Take one die and show the little student the number 1. Then add another die and introduce the child to the number 2.

In this case, do not overload the child with information. In one day, familiarization with two numbers is enough.

When the baby remembers how all the numbers look, and will know that next to the number 3 you need to put 3 sticks, and with the number 5 exactly 5 sticks, you can proceed to teaching the crumbs addition and subtraction.

Any classes should be carried out in a playful way. To do math, it’s not necessary to sit the baby at the table. You can count anything - trees on the street, cars in the parking lot, kids on the playground. The first thing that kids begin to count is fingers on the hand. The main thing is not to overload the child with a large amount of information . For example, if you go somewhere, do not force him to count all the objects that come across in the way. It is enough to hear 2-3 answers from the baby and move on to another topic, for example, remember any poem.

When studying new material, do not forget to repeat with the baby what he has learned before.

We are engaged in fine art

In the lessons of creativity, you can consolidate the material covered in other subjects. Buy a kid coloring pages with letters and numbers, teach him to draw geometric shapes. Help the baby learn how to use the ruler to draw straight lines.

When the child draws, pay his attention to the fact that the sun looks like a circle, and the roof of the house is like a triangle. Teach him to color the drawings carefully so that the paint does not go beyond the outline of the drawing. In between, explain to the baby that the sky is blue and the grass is green.

No need to make the little artist draw what you want. Let the child show his imagination, let him express his feelings and emotions through his drawings.

Learning a foreign language

If you decide to teach your child a foreign language before school, start the study with a colorful alphabet with pictures. Do not be upset if you yourself do not know one of the foreign languages \u200b\u200bperfectly. For a kid who goes to a regular school, without in-depth study of English, French or another language, it is enough to know the alphabet and have a small vocabulary.

Learn some short verses with your child and repeat them as you walk or during home games. Watch your baby’s pronunciation. If he gets used to saying foreign words incorrectly, retraining him at school will be difficult.

By independently preparing your kid for school, be patient. Do not scold the little student if he does not succeed. If the baby is tired and inattentive in the classroom, postpone the lesson. Education should give the child joy, otherwise you can discourage him from studying for a long time, which will affect his knowledge at school.

The basis of successful schooling is a good and timely preschool preparation. It is better to start this process in 3.5-4 years, because today's requirements for first-graders are quite high. And if the child is already 6 years old and before that no one has worked with him, it will be more difficult to prepare him. There is a list of skills required for a future student, which is not easy to master in a short time. And here the question becomes relevant how to prepare a child for school at home at 6, 7 years old?

In order to answer this question, we first consider what specific requirements for today's first-grader exist. A child who I am in first grade should:

to be able to introduce oneself, to tell something about himself, with which he is fond of, to name the names of his family members;
be able to write block letters, distinguish vowels and consonants well, be able to read light text;
learn the days of the week, the names of months, seasons, say what time of year it is;
distinguish between morning, lunch and evening;
to learn simple mathematical operations: addition and subtraction;
understand simple geometric shapes, such as a square, circle, triangle, be able to draw them;
be able to retell small texts;
be able to exclude superfluous from a number of subjects and explain their choice;
be able to take care of yourself: dress, undress, tie shoelaces, maintain order in the workplace;
be able to behave in society, respect elders:
learn colors and preferably their shades;
describe a picture
be able to count to twenty and from twenty to one;
to learn parts of the human body and be able to draw it correctly;
be able to answer questions, “When?”, “Why?”, “Where?”;
distinguish between animate and inanimate objects;
to be able to defend their point of view without entering into a fight with those who do not agree;
be able to politely talk with peers and adults;
be able to sit quietly in class, without the vagaries and games with other students;

As you can see, the list is quite extensive and it is very difficult to acquire these skills in a short time. After all, when preparing for school, you need to follow some rules:

How to prepare a child for school at home at 5, 6, 7 years

It is clear that in order to prepare for school it is not enough just to learn numbers and letters. It is important to fully develop the child so that he can communicate with peers at the right level, but how to properly prepare the child for school at home at 5, 6, 7 years old and at the same time not discourage the desire to learn?

Knowing something interesting will make it much easier to establish oneself well among classmates. And vice versa: being poorly prepared in this regard, the child can become an outsider in the team. Of course, it is easier for children from preschool institutions to get used to school than for those who have this training at home. But if you still decide to prepare your child for school at home, we bring to your attention our recommendations for these classes.

Reading lessons

these classes are paramount relative to everyone else, because having mastered reading the child will be easier to deal with other subjects (more on how to easily and quickly teach a child to read can be read in);
letters should be taught in alphabetical order. For clarity, you can fashion them from plasticine and assume what the letter looks like. For example, “w” - for a bug, “o” - for glasses, and so on. You can also interest a child by showing letters with his hands or with his whole body. For ideas on how to easily and play with a child to learn all the letters, see
read the uncomplicated text to the future student and ask him to find the letter he has just learned;
invite the baby to answer questions on the text, tell what it says, retell it;

Math classes

it’s good to start these classes with simple, familiar items such as toys, sweets, fruits. Later, you can gradually switch to counting sticks or special cards. Learn to count as integers;
learn numbers in pairs effectively. For example, 1 and 2, 5 and 6. So the child will be easier to understand that if you add one to five apples, you get six apples. For one lesson, you need to study one numerical pair, and at the beginning of the next, repeat what you learned and only then take on new numbers.
to interest the child in geometry, you can study geometric shapes using the example of cookies. Today in the shops you will find square, round, and triangular cookies.
when simple figures are studied, you can take for their drawing using a ruler;
it is useful to alternate all of the listed activities with each other.

Writing classes

the baby’s hand should be prepared for writing, because it is not yet ready for this type of activity;
classes on the development of fine motor skills are very good in this regard. In two or three years you can use cereals, pasta, beads for this; learn to tie shoelaces;
teach your child to use child safe scissors with rounded ends - this also prepares your hand for writing well;
first you need to learn how to write block letters, and only after receiving the first results in this direction, it is worth taking capital letters;
teach your child to write carefully, without leaving the line;
use a pen that will be convenient for your baby;
finger gymnastics is of great help in preparing for the letter. It will be effective if you do it with your child, saying: “We wrote, we wrote, our fingers are tired. We will rest a bit and start writing again. ”
The notebook in which you are going to write must comply with modern school requirements. Stores offer a wide variety of writing aids;

Creativity

teach your child to use a brush with, pencils, felt-tip pens, etc .;
it is good if the baby learns to shade forms without going beyond their borders. Use for this with large details in the figures;
effectively combine creative studies with the study of geometric shapes. For example, you made an application of watermelon and immediately noticed that it resembles a circle;
and vice versa: you can draw, cut and sculpt letters and numbers. So the child will better learn what is being studied;

Psychological readiness for school

Psychologists say that the child’s adaptation at school will be more gentle if the first-grader has certain skills. Here is a list of them:

desire to engage, interest in knowledge;
the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, compare objects and concepts;
understanding of the goals of schooling, self-awareness, sociability;
focus on what is being studied at the moment;
overcoming difficulties, the ability to finish the job.

In order to prepare the child for school from a psychological point of view, parents should:

communicate with a future student, read and discuss what they read together;
when discussing a read fairy tale or story, induce the child to ponder what is described in the text, teach him to draw conclusions and express his own opinion about what he read;
show the child what a school is in a playful way, during the game, praise the child, give neat tips. Well, if you change the roles of "student" and "teacher";
do not finish the assignments instead of the child, teach him to do it on his own or with a little help on your part;
do not limit the independence of your child. Excessive custody can only harm him. If you do not allow the child to learn how to independently perform such simple actions as tying shoelaces, fastening buttons, dressing and undressing, neatly folding his clothes in place, etc., he may become the subject of ridicule in the children's team. And vice versa: healthy independence will help the child assert itself in the new society and gain the necessary authority.
teach your child to communicate with peers: arrange games with other children in the yard or at home, take part in these games yourself and gently tell your child how best to communicate with peers and not quarrel.
try never to laugh at your baby alone, and especially in the presence of other children. This can give rise to low self-esteem in the child, which leads to self-doubt;
in order to stimulate the child to learn, use positive motivation. Tell him how much new, useful and interesting he can learn in the lessons at school;
teach your child to be disciplined, explain to him why you need silence in the classroom during the lesson.
teach your child to ask questions to the teacher if any of the above is not clear. Let him be afraid not to know something, than to clarify this with the teacher. Explain to the baby that he should take care of his knowledge himself.
help the child learn self-esteem, understand that excessive aggression, or vice versa, timidity can harm him. After all, you need to be able to defend your point of view calmly, without screaming and fighting. Try to play the typical situations that develop between children at school. During the game, you can see how your child is ready for such situations, you can give him advice, teach him how to behave. You can also offer your child a way out of this situation, but only after you listen to the child’s opinion on this matter. Of course, you need to encourage the child to do well in any case.

Health Issues and School

A special place in preparing for school is the issue of the health of the future student.

It is very important during this training and during the training itself to be able to teach the future student something and not harm his health.

At the age of 6-7 years, the child undergoes such important changes as a change of teeth and intensive growth of the whole organism. This is the age when the need for movement in children is very great. And if it becomes possible to sit at a desk at 7 years old, then from the point of view of health - this is much better for the child. If you have to send your child to school at exactly 6 years old, then special attention should be paid to the quality of physical training that your future educational institution offers you. It is very good if the school has an equipped gym and pool. Indeed, in addition to acquiring new knowledge, the child needs frequent physical education lessons in order for the vessels, heart to work actively, so that there is a corresponding load on the joints, etc. Also, voluntary physical activity during breaks is useful for the health of students and it is very good if the class is ventilated during the absence of students.

On the part of parents, one of the components of healthy preparation for school is the correct summer vacation before school. As you know, a child needs to rest:

from communication with a large number of people and, accordingly, from contacts with sources of various infections;
from a huge amount of household chemicals and exhaust gases;
from catering.

Dr. Komarovsky describes the ideal vacation for the child: “a summer cottage in a village where there are a minimum of people, where mother or grandmother have prepared something from the garden, and where there is certainly no household chemicals.” That is, the ideal rest for the child from the doctor’s point of view is “an inflatable pool with well water, a dump truck poured sand nearby, a dirty, hungry child climbs out of the water into sand and shouts“ Mom, give me some! ” If the child spends the summer like this, then his heart, blood vessels, mucous membranes will work perfectly and he will be ready to meet new friends and, accordingly, new infections.

Developing the natural curiosity of your child, learn about the world around you, people and communication with them. Considering the advice of psychologists, teachers and doctors on how to prepare a child for school at home at 6 years old, do not forget to show personal interest in the process, which will further inspire the future student. If a first grader is prepared for school, if he has the main skills for learning, his horizons are broadened, and he can communicate with peers, then it will be much easier for him to study at school than otherwise if he is not adequately prepared.

How to prepare your child for school: video

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How to start preparing a child for school? What should a child go to school know?

Usually caring parents go to a bookstore and buy ... That's right, a lot, a lot of books, cursive books, primers and ABCs. Ultimately, even half of the material remains unused, because the topics in the books are repeated, there are a lot of tasks and it is impossible to complete all of them. My advice to you: take one book of each topic or one book in which everything is combined - these are all kinds of encyclopedias on preparing children for school. Do not be afraid that you will miss something and not tell the child, after you go through all the material, you can purchase new copybooks, books with more complex tasks.

You need to prepare your child for school gradually and you can start from the age of three. Buy books and notebooks according to age. Take your time so as not to overdo it and not deprive the child of the desire to learn. Your task is to instill in your child a craving for knowledge. Do not put pressure on the child and do not compare it with other children. If the child does not succeed, try again, patiently, praising him for trying. Still not working? Does not understand? Return to this topic a little later, when the child is a little older. Think, maybe it’s worth changing the teaching methodology.

Remember - studying is a big and hard work for a little man.

How can you build activities with your child at home?

If you decide to conduct classes at home, pay particular attention to the selection of books for your classes.

To achieve a positive effect, you need to:

■ Conduct classes daily and plan ahead.

■ You need to understand what your ultimate goal is. If your goal is to teach your child to count to 10, then be sure to beat this topic at least casually in all classes. During the lessons of drawing or modeling, ask the child how many flowers he painted or how many green balls he made.

■ Be sure to start each lesson with a repetition. Be sure to repeat what you need to remember at the end of the lesson.

■ Increase class time gradually, but should not exceed 35 minutes. In order for the child to learn to feel the time, you can use the hourglass. This helps the child see how much time he has left until the end of the lesson and how much he can do in the allotted time.

■ Make sure your child does not get tired in the classroom. If you see that he is tired, immediately change the direction of the lesson, take a break.

■ Be sure, not for long, leave the child alone so that he can independently do the exercise you set.

What needs to be developed?

Memory, attention, perception, spatial orientation, eye, motility, thinking, imagination.

Subjects that may be in preparation for your child’s school: mathematics, writing, Russian, speech development, reading, natural history or the world, drawing, applique, modeling and English.

What should a child know about before school.

■ Your first and last name.

■ Date of birth and how old he is.

■ Your home address.

■ Some countries.

■ Names of parents (first name, middle name, last name).

■ Seasons and their sequence.

■ Months and their quantity.

■ How many days in a week and their names, which days are working and which are days off.

■ Navigate in time, know the time of day.

■ What is living and what is not living nature.

■ Distinguish wild animals from domestic animals.

■ Be able to correctly name the cubs (a horse has a foal, a cow has a calf ...).

■ What is the weather (sunny, clear, cloudy, etc.)

■ What weather events occur in winter, spring, summer, and autumn.

■ The names of the most common plants, animals, insects, be able to distinguish between animals, birds and fish.

■ Be able to distinguish trees from shrubs.

■ Be able to distinguish fruits from berries and vegetables.

■ Find an extra item in a group.

■ Describe how similar or different objects are.

■ Primary colors.

■ Navigate where right and where left.

■ Orient yourself on a piece of paper (top corner on the left, top corner on the right, etc.).

■ Names of famous sports.

■ Names of common occupations.

■ Names of basic construction tools.

■ The names of several musical instruments.

■ Basic traffic rules and basic traffic signs.

■ Know what applies to dishes, furniture, stationery.

■ Surnames of famous writers and poets, names of famous fairy tales.

■ Know by heart a poem.

■ Know the concepts of more, less, and equal.

■ Be able to compare objects by length, width and height.

■ Be able to solve simple arithmetic problems.

■ Know basic geometric shapes.

■ Print, write in block letters.

■ Distinguish between letters and sounds.

■ Distinguish vowels from consonants.

■ Be able to find a given sound in a word and determine in which part of the word it is (at the beginning, middle and end of the word).

■ Be able to divide a word into syllables.

■ Be able to copy simple patterns across cells, continue the row, draw the missing half of the symmetrical pattern.

■ To be able to continue the row along the line of the given fragment: sticks, circles, hooks, etc.

■ Graphic dictations (“dog” from the point. Two cells to the right, one cell up, two cells to the right, two cells to the bottom, three cells to the right, one cell up, one right, two down, one left, one up, two left, one down, one cell to the left, two cells up, three cells to the left, two cells up).

■ Be able to retell, make up a story from pictures, use adjectives in your story.

■ Be able to assemble small puzzles.

■ Be able to properly hold a pen and pencil in your hand.

■ To be able to accurately trace the outline, paint over it.

Do not be afraid if the child’s preparation for school began not at three years old, but at five years old. You will have time to give him all the necessary knowledge. But if the child is already 6 years old and the next year to go to first grade, then be sure to identify the child for preparatory courses. Well, if it will be courses at the school where you are going to give your child. The training program will be adequate to the first-class program. The main thing is to do all the homework, as if you are already in first grade and fulfill all the requirements of a teacher.

You yourself can fully prepare your child for school by choosing the right methodology.

What are the good preparatory courses conducted at the school itself:

■ The child gets used to school, adapts to new conditions for him.

■ Getting used to school requirements.

■ Communication with peers (this is especially good if the child did not go to kindergarten).

■ Courses will replenish knowledge that the child lacks.