Notifications. Wehrmacht High Command notifications

Russian campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 Halder Franz

23 August 1942

Operational environment. No significant changes in the Caucasus. In the Stalingrad region, Paulus struck an unexpected blow across the Don by the forces of the XIV Corps, which reached the Volga north of the city. The battles on the left flank either died down or flared up again. The situation is relatively calm throughout the Don area up to Voronezh. In the zone of the 2nd Army, as a result of fierce attacks on the eastern flank, the enemy managed to penetrate our defenses in some areas. On the front of the 3rd Panzer Army (Reinhardt), a very effective air strike destroyed the accumulation of enemy troops. The most serious is still the situation in the Rzhev region, where the enemy is aggressively attacking.

On the front of Army Group North, the situation has not changed. More and more signs of an impending enemy offensive.

Report to the Fuhrer. Order to turn the 16th Motorized Division of the 1st Panzer Army towards Elista.

This text is an introductory fragment. author Halder Franz

August 1, 1942 Operational situation. South of the Don, the resistance of the enemy rearguards to the offensive of Ruoff's troops increased somewhat. At the same time, without meeting much resistance from the Russians, von Kleist's troops are rapidly advancing. Goth's army was transferred

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 2, 1942 Operational situation. South of the Don, the enemy's resistance to the advancing units of Ruoff increases in certain sectors in the center and on the right flank. In front of the left flank and in front of von Kleist's troops, the enemy ceased resistance and rushed

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 3, 1942 Operational situation. The day passed under the sign of the attacks of the 1st Tank Army across the Kuban River north of Armavir and on Voroshilovsk, as well as the offensive of the 4th Panzer Army on Kotelnikovo and beyond. On the rest of the front, only minor battles took place.

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

4 August 1942 Operational situation. In the zone of Army Group "A", everything indicates that the enemy is now ready to retreat in front of the Ruoff group. How deliberate this enemy retreat is, with the goal of stopping our troops at the main line

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 5, 1942 [...] Operational situation. Army Group "A". In the sector of Ruoff's group, enemy resistance is weakening. He continues to move forward. Von Kleist plunged into the far southeast with a swift throw. A foothold for the Kuban was captured. Army Group B.

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 6, 1942 Operational situation. Army Group "A". The enemy, under the onslaught of Ruoff's troops, continues to roll back in the direction of the Caucasus. Many bridges have been captured. On the bend of the Kuban, the enemy continues to resist. At the same time south of the bend troops background

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 15, 1942 Operational situation. The advance of Army Group A is developing very satisfactorily. On the front of Army Group B, Paulus's troops also achieved good results. Successful defensive battles in the Voronezh area. Army Group Center. Operation

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 16, 1942 [...] Operational situation. South of the Don, our troops are slowly but stubbornly advancing, overcoming the strong resistance of the enemy rearguards in the foothills of the Caucasus. In the North Caucasus, the Russians obviously intend to retreat to the Black Sea coast. Should

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 24, 1942 Operational situation. In the zone of operations of the 17th Army without significant changes; promotion in separate areas in the Novocherkassk area. Nothing significantly new on the front of 1st Panzer Army. Troops of 4th Panzer Army repulsed a frontal attack of the enemy

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 25, 1942 [...] Operational situation. No changes in the Caucasus. At Stalingrad, Goth's troops encountered well-prepared Russian defensive positions. The enemy threatens with a possible blow to the rear of his eastern flank. Paulus is slowly developing

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 26, 1942 Operational situation. No changes in the Caucasus. In the Stalingrad area, the situation is difficult due to attacks by superior enemy forces. All our divisions are understaffed. The commanding staff is experiencing severe nervous tension. Von Wietersheim intended

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 27, 1942 Operational situation. In the south, everything is going without any significant changes. The situation in the Stalingrad area had stabilized, and the incursion on the Italian front, as it turned out, was not so serious. Nevertheless, the 298th division was reoriented there. Also in the area

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 28, 1942 Operational situation. On the front of Army Group A, progress was noted in some sectors in the North Caucasus. Army Group B. The situation at the front of the 6th Army is discharging. 4th Panzer Army is regrouping forces. The enemy is up to something on the left

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 29, 1942 Operational situation. The situation in the Caucasus improved somewhat, especially north of Novorossiysk. The 4th Panzer Army's offensive began very successfully. As a result of the offensive of the 6th Army, a strong connection with the XIV Corps was restored. Starts

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 30, 1942 Operational situation. Troops of the northern wing of Army Group A are advancing towards Novorossiysk. On the front of Army Group B, 4th Panzer Army has achieved good success. For the 6th Army, today was calm, but the enemy seems to be preparing a powerful

From the book Russian Campaign. Chronicle of hostilities on the Eastern Front. 1941-1942 author Halder Franz

August 31, 1942 Operational situation. In the zone of responsibility of Army Group "A" there have been significant successes in advancing our troops to Anapa and Novorossiysk. The rest of the sites (in the mountains) are unchanged. In the zone of the 1st Tank Army heavy battles for crossings across the Terek.

A few years ago, on March 19, 2008, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, the Panorama Battle of Stalingrad Museum hosted a viewing and discussion of the television documentary “Stalingrad. Chronicle of Victory ". In it, along with the military theme at that time, for the first time, an attempt was made to identify the civil theme - the most painful and bypassed in the films about Stalingrad.

The start was impressive. Air Marshal Ivan Ivanovich Pstygo, who authoritatively sums up the results of August 23, 1942, the most mournful date of Stalingrad, is shown in close-up, full-screen. Quote: "On 23 August there was that terrible blow when 2,000 bombers passed through Stalingrad and according to the latest, probably the most probable data, 200,000 people died in Stalingrad!" This is exactly half of the city's population.

Yuri Panchenko. At the age of 16, he survived the entire Battle of Stalingrad in the Central District of the city. Served in aviation for over 50 years. Author of the book "163 days on the streets of Stalingrad".

However, areas that were not bombed on that day should be excluded from the total urban population. Then, in four districts of the city (out of eight), which were hit by German aviation, where about 200,000 people lived, the entire population was killed. I'll clean it up. I want to howl with horror.

And where are the Pstygo cases of the wounded, which are counted to the killed as three to one?

That's another 600,000! In total, in a city with a population of 400,000 people, the number of victims on August 23 is ... 800,000 people, which is comparable to the population of Stalingrad and Astrakhan combined!

About dreamers

Our homebrew dreamers turned out to be more modest.

Oleg Naida, Ph.D. in philosophy, counted 2,000 German planes in the skies of Stalingrad on 23 August, which killed more than 40,000 citizens.

Further civilian casualties began to snowball.

Iraida Pomoshchnikova, Chairman of the Children of Military Stalingrad Association. In the book We Come from War, six-year-old Irochka not only counted 2,000 enemy bombers in the skies of Stalingrad on August 23, but also counted the victims: 42,000 killed and 50,000 wounded. What a wicked little girl, but clever! At her age, I could only count to ten, and even then on my fingers.

Vladimir Beregovoy, professor at the University of Economics in St. Petersburg, member of the "Children of Military Stalingrad" association. In his article "Triumph and Tragedy," which "announces a requiem about Stalingrad," he toughened the outcome of the ill-fated day: 46,000 residents of the city were killed and 150,000 injured. Five-month-old Little Johnny, retreating with his parents from Stalingrad, also counted the number of German planes bombing the city on August 23rd - more than 2000!

Enemy planes "... flew in formation-square of sixty-four aircraft ...". What is this - the Shepherd of the Great Mughals or Khrushchev's method of square-nested sowing of corn? I even saw the "sticking out" corpses along the river bank and the Volga, red with blood. One thing is certain, Vovochka's parents were color blind. The water in the Volga did indeed change color, but not to red, but to black, because in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tractor plant German aircraft bombed and burned a caravan of oil barges.

Tatiana Pavlova, historian. In his laborious publication "The Secret Tragedy: Civilians in the Battle of Stalingrad," he quotes information from the city authorities, where from August 22 to 29, 1942, 1816 corpses were buried by funeral teams and 2,698 wounded were collected. But after a few pages, in the same period from 23 to 29 August, Pavlova considered that there was not enough blood on the streets of the city, and therefore could not resist the temptation to punish the Stalingrad people for 71,000 people (only killed and 142 wounded!) And after a couple of hundred pages even remembered the Japanese, "the total losses of the population of Stalingrad are 32.3% higher than the similar losses of the population of Hiroshima from the atomic bombing."

Vladimir Pavlov, St. Petersburg historian in the book “Stalingrad, Myths and Reality. A new look ”proposes to declare August 23“ the day of national repentance of the Communists in Russia ”for the death of 500,000 citizens who died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Moreover, he presented the forcible eviction of residents of the city to Belaya Kalitva as a humane action of the German command.

Cool though!

All this is a fantasy of people, where each of them, winding up his legend, openly speculated, since during the storming of Stalingrad none of them was in the city.

Only six-year-old Irochka Pomoshchnikova was in the Northern town, which was not bombed by the Germans on 23 August.

Now the main thing. The bombing of August 23 is a prelude, these are flowers, and berries ripened ahead. The brutal bombing of the city began on the morning of 24 August and continued until 27 August. The peak of the blow is August 25. In four days, the central districts of the city were burned, and the surviving population fled.

So, according to the testimony of ambitious dreamers, by the end of Sunday the population of Stalingrad was finished. It was completely broken and mutilated. Everyone, every single person! Soft-boiled scrambled eggs!

However, the realities of that ill-fated day speak of something else:

• the next morning in the Balkans (central area of \u200b\u200bthe city), freshly baked bread was handed out to residents. Is it that the dead were baking the rolls in the night?
• on the morning of August 24, as usual, the working-age population went to work. By tram, not by a hearse! The tram went to the destroyed bridge of the Banny ravine at the Mother-in-law stop (Renaissance square);
• the newspaper "Stalingradskaya Pravda" was published;
• the water supply worked until August 25;
• firemen worked;
• the ferry worked;
• there was an evacuation of hospitals, and this is 4,500 wounded soldiers, on the ships "Joseph Stalin", "Memory of the Paris Commune" and "Mikhail Kalinin" that arrived in the city;
• hospitals operated on the outskirts of the city;
• anti-aircraft artillery of air defense worked;
• soviet fighters constantly flew over the city;
• militias were being formed at the factories;
• the Stalingrad Defense Committee, headed by the secretary of the regional committee Chuyanov, worked without a break;

This is not a complete list of concerns that fell on the shoulders of the townspeople.

The 23rd of August is a shock that the population coped with successfully. But after severe injuries received in the next four days, the city could no longer recover.

In the official report of the Stalingrad City Defense Committee No. 411-a dated August 27, 1942, in addition to a detailed and list of the damage caused by German aviation to the industrial and communal services of Stalingrad, civilian casualties in all areas of the city that were bombed are indicated. The grand total: 1,017 people were killed and 1,281 people were injured. Naturally, this is not a complete list of victims. The counting of casualties continued. But this is not 40,000, not 70,000, not 200,000 and not 500,000 people who were used up by the current irresponsible and ambitious people who have never been in Stalingrad.

For the entire period of the Battle of Stalingrad, according to the reporting documents of the Stalingrad Party Archive, 42,754 residents of the city were killed by bombing and artillery fire. And according to the testimony of the head of the region Chuyanov, the number of perished townspeople is estimated at 40,000 people.

The population of the city, trapped in the anvil of the battle, began to die like flies. People died in street battles, where the "fool-bullet" could not distinguish between her and others. And dystrophy and typhus in the German "cauldron" are like bullets.

About death

And yet, what did people die from?

From the bitter fate of my sixteen-year-old schoolmates and the street, who lived in the Central District of the city:

• Yelivstratova Lyusya died with her mother and two sisters from a German bomb on August 23, 1942;
• Tsygankov Misha was shot by policemen together with his father for possession of a rifle;
• Petya Vanin was shot by a policeman for keeping a Komsomol card (policemen are former Soviet citizens, lackeys of the occupants);
• Zavrazhin Vitya was killed by a Soviet mine;
• Krasilnikov Sasha killed by a Soviet mine;
• Ira Fefelova was killed by a German bullet;
• Chernavin Leva is missing;
• Baryshev Igor was burned;
• Mulyalin Vasya was wounded by a Soviet mine;
• Goncharov Vitya - a severe shrapnel wound to the head, lost an eye, a Soviet mine;
• Bernstein Misha - a through bullet wound in the chest by a German bullet;
• Kazimirova Lida - a through bullet wound in the neck by a Soviet bullet;
• my peer, whose name the memory has not preserved, was killed by an NKVD soldier for looting - he stole a pood of flour;
• four people managed to survive the entire Stalingrad battle in the city center without a single scratch.

The deaths in the German cauldron from dystrophy are not listed here. There are no witnesses. They all died of hunger at once. Whole families.

About the Germans in Stalingrad

The Germans are often portrayed in today's films as being playful, white and fluffy. This is because only five-year-olds already testify. One complains that the Germans stole a pot of baked milk from them. The other only remembered his own grandmother, who was baptized. The Germans entered - grandma was baptized. Ours came - also baptized. On this all their passions, muzzles dried up.

But in order to understand all the troubles that befell the population of the city in occupied Stalingrad, it is necessary to comprehend and link into one whole the main events that daily reduced the number of citizens. Rokossovsky street to number 30. Here, during the occupation of the city, the German commandant's office was located - a punitive military organization. And opposite the commandant's office, in the former Iliodorov monastery, the Germans set up a camp for imprisoned Soviet citizens.

And now about the "naughty" faces.

1. Major Helmut Speidel (died in the Beketov prisoner of war camp), the commandant of occupied Stalingrad, marked the border of the forbidden zone from the hanging channels of railway bridges of the city residents on Golubinskaya Street (tramway viaduct near the prison, on Kubanskaya Street (viaduct near the Dynamo stadium), on Nevskaya Street, on pedestrian bridge over the railroad.Hanged on both sides of the bridge.
2. Chief corporal Helmut Jeschke, inspector of the commandant's office for civil affairs. Under his watchful eye was the population of the city. The Iliodorov Monastery, turned into a prison by the Germans, was known as the place of an ominous plague of the townspeople, from where the policemen every morning pulled out the corpses of people who had been numb during the night and threw them into an aviation funnel in the courtyard of the commandant's office.
3. Major Neubert, senior physician of the commandant's office. In early December, after Neubert inspected the hospital for captured wounded Soviet soldiers (located on Golubinskaya Street near the blood transfusion station), the wounded Red Army men disappeared without a trace, and then a German hospital was housed in the vacated premises. Dr. Neubert was accompanied by German medical officials and a Russian woman who worked as a doctor in the infirmary.
4. Colonel Rudolf Kerpert (convicted by a German tribunal in captivity), commandant of the infamous Dulag-205 camp for Soviet prisoners of war in Alekseevka. In the German "cauldron" food for the prisoners of the Red Army, driven to insanity by hunger, were the comrades in the bunks who lived yesterday.

War is not a pot of baked milk or an old woman's sign of the cross. War is the ugliest form of human communication. For us the Germans have become worse than the plague, worse than cholera, worse than the Tatar yoke taken together. You can forgive them with your mind, but not with your heart!

About 2000 planes

Last but not least, there are 2,000 bombers that bombed the city on 23 August. Enemy aircraft took advantage of the corridor cut through by German tankmen from the Don to the Volga through Kotluban, Orlovka and the Tractor Plant, where the city's air defense was destroyed. Further, along the left bank of the Volga, bombers entered the rear of the city with impunity, from where no one was expecting them. The anti-aircraft gunners were taken by surprise. They caught themselves when the first Heinkel squadron was already over the middle of the river. The sky literally boiled from the explosions of anti-aircraft shells, but ... it was too late.

The bombers went in waves in squadrons with an interval between squadrons of about 15 minutes. The bombardment of the city began at 16:20 Moscow time and ended at sunset at 19:00, since the planes do not fly in groups at night. At night, single planes were bombed with a long time interval.

Consequently, in two hours and forty minutes of daylight, with a fifteen-minute interval, only eleven groups - squadrons could pass. In a squadron of 9-12 aircraft, multiplying, we get a real idea of \u200b\u200bthe number of enemy aircraft that took part in the bombing of the city on 23 August. This is about 100 - 130 aircraft. So the exaggerated legend of two thousand bombers that attacked the city on August 23rd is sheer fantasy. The Germans did not have such a large number of bomber aviation on the entire Eastern Front. By the beginning of July 1942, that is, by the beginning of the offensive on Stalingrad, the Germans had approximately 2,750 aircraft of all types. Of these, 775 bombers, 310 attack aircraft, 290 fighters, 765 reconnaissance aircraft, etc.

So, all of the "eyewitnesses and witnesses" of the Battle of Stalingrad that I have mentioned, which we applaud on memorable dates, suffer from a common pathology - mental damage.

A requiem for Stalingrad is inappropriate. Let the Germans pray for themselves. We did not invite them here. People. Know Stalingrad. Since there will soon be no one to remember Stalingrad.

Despite the obvious military superiority of the Germans, the Stalingraders desperately resisted the enemy, shooting down up to 120 Nazi planes in the first minutes of the attack, but when the city was enveloped in a smoke veil, the situation changed fundamentally. The anti-aircraft artillery of the 1077th regiment lost its ability to aim at enemy aircraft, moreover, it was faced with the task of holding back the onslaught of the German ground operation that was going parallel with the air strikes. The armored vehicles of the Wehrmacht that approached the city from the north, according to the plan of the Nazi commanders, were to complete the work begun by the pilots and provide the Fuhrer with Stalingrad on a silver platter.

However, the Germans once again miscalculated, not taking into account the strong-willed nature of the Soviet people, who did not spare blood and life to protect their native land. By bombarding the city with propaganda leaflets calling for surrender and passing under the progressive and invincible banner of the Fuehrer, the Germans planned to wreak havoc on the ranks of the resisting handful. However, civilians and militias, having turned the destroyed buildings into fortresses with firing points, did not respond to calls for betrayal and provided all possible assistance to the military who held back the onslaught of the Wehrmacht.

On August 23, the Germans did not manage to carry out the "mini-blitzkrieg", having smoked and bombed the city, they did not break through the defenses of Stalingrad, to defend which even those who descended on the same day from the assembly line of the plant to them. Dzerzhinsky three tractors, sheathed with armor.

For the obvious failure of the operation, General von Wittersheim, who commanded the 14th Panzer Corps of the Wehrmacht, was removed from his post, as he could not take advantage of the monstrous head start given to him by the Luftwaffe pilots.

On August 19, Nazi troops resumed their offensive, striking in the general direction of Stalingrad. The enemy managed to cross the Don and by the end of August 23 to reach the Volga north of Stalingrad.

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Preview:

the tragedy of the civilian population of Stalingrad ”.

Objectives: to foster a sense of patriotism, pride in their country, for compatriots; to expand the students' understanding of the Battle of Stalingrad, the heroism of the Soviet people; foster a respectful attitude towards the older generation, war monuments.

Writing on the board of epigraphs for the class hour:

On the old, dear to us Earth

There is a lot of courage. It

Not in the hall, freedom and warmth,

Not born in the cradle ...

K. Simonov

There are no heroes from birth

They are born in battles.

A. Tvardovsky

CLASS HOUR PROGRESS.

1. Organizational moment.

Objectives

1. introduction

The earth has not seen since birth

No siege, no such battle

The earth shook

And the fields were red

Everything was ablaze over the Volga River.

In the heat of factories, houses, station,

Dust on the steep bank.

Do not hand over the city to the enemy.

Russian soldier faithful to the oath,

He defended Stalingrad.

The time will come - the smoke will clear

The war thunder will cease

Taking off his hat when meeting him,

The people will say about him:

This is an iron Russian soldier

He defended Stalingrad.

1. Chronology of events on 23 August 1942

Teacher:

On August 19, Nazi troops resumed their offensive, striking in the general direction of Stalingrad. The enemy managed to cross the Don and by the end of August 23 to reach the Volga north of Stalingrad.

August 23, 1942 is one of the most terrible and tragic dates of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Student 1: Many Stalingrad residents will remember the warm morning of that Sunday. The day before, residents heard on the radio that battles were taking place in the Don bend. Such messages have been transmitted for over a month. We are used to them. Residents who did not know the combat situation on the Don, it seemed that the front had stopped. In the morning, the workers, as always, stood on watch at open-hearth furnaces, assembly lines, machine tools. The doors of the shops were thrown open. Fresh cinema posters have appeared.

Student 2: But the situation that day changed rapidly.
In the afternoon, German 14th Panzer Corps broke through our defenses and reached the Volga on the northern outskirts of Stalingrad. Mortal danger loomed over Stalingrad. In those days, our divisions were still tens of kilometers from the city, occupying lines along the entire bend of the Don. There was a threat to their environment.

Student 3: In those hours, events took place that became the prologue of a great battle, when battles for every meter of Stalingrad land began.
The German armada reached the Volga, 3 kilometers from the tractor plant, which produced the famous T-34 tanks. Now only tanks prepared to be sent to the front and workers' detachments could delay the advance of the Germans along the Stalingrad streets.

Student 4: To defend Stalingrad in a short time, militia units were formed from among the workers of the tractor plant. All tanks were brought to the battle line, tank crews were formed from workers, mainly women. Militia detachments left each shop.

Student 5: Next to the militias, cadets of a military school, a regiment of an NKVD division, and a detachment of marines took up defense. After the war, a report from General von Wietersheim, which he sent to Commander Paulus, about the first battles on the Volga, will be published:“The formations of the Red Army are counter-attacking, relying on the support of the population of Stalingrad, which is showing exceptional courage. The population took up arms, killed workers in their overalls lay on the battlefield, clutching a rifle or pistol in their hands. The dead in work clothes froze in the towers of broken tanks. We've never seen anything like it before. "

Student 6: At the same time as German tanks reached the outskirts of Stalingrad, hundreds of German aircraft took off from the airfields. The whole city was sentenced to destruction.

This barbaric order was carried out by the powerful 4th Air Fleet of the Wehrmacht. German planes were approaching the residential quarters in even rows, as in a parade in the sky. An air raid was announced in Stalingrad, which will not be cleared. Since our troops were not yet stationed in the city, the air action was directed against the population. Explosions destroyed roofs and ceilings of houses, destroyed walls. People died under boulders, fell struck by splinters, suffocated in the littered earthen shelters. In carpet bombing, a system was used that could only be born of the logic and imagination of true killers. Descending over the streets, where there were many wooden houses, the pilots poured out incendiary bombs in sheaves. High-explosive bombs were thrown into the flaring fires. Explosions from them scattered burning debris of logs, roofs, and the fire spread to neighboring streets. On low level flight, the "blond beasts" of the Luftwaffe were shooting people running at them from machine guns.Marshal A.I. Eremenko later wrote:“We had to go through a lot during the war, but what we saw on 23 August 1942 in Stalingrad struck us like a hard nightmare. Explosions flashed incessantly among the city buildings, from the area of \u200b\u200boil storage facilities streams of burning oil rushed to the river. The Volga seemed to be on fire. "

Student 7:

Here on the streets and squares

The battle is thundering;

Hot blood mixed

With Volga water;

Blackened in the smoke of fires

The city is young.

Never again danger

Was not more formidable.

And decides the fate of the world

The battle of these days.

1. Discussion of the video "August 23, 1942"

Since the beginning of World War II, with its many devastations, the world has never seen such a disaster.On this day, the enemy aircraft dealt a massive blow to Stalingrad, making about 2 thousand sorties. The city was turned into ruins, over 40 thousand civilians were killed. On August 25, 1942, by order of the Military Council of the Front, Stalingrad was declared a state of siege. To provide practical assistance to the fronts in the Stalingrad area, the Stavka sends General G.K. Zhukov, appointed on August 27 to the post of Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

1. Memories of the Stalingrad people.

Student 8:

And what is his name, I forgot to ask him.

About ten to twelve years old. Troubled,

Of those that children have leaders,

Of those in the frontline towns

They welcome us as dear guests.

The car is surrounded in parking lots

Carrying buckets of water for them is not work,

Bring soap with a towel to the tank

And unripe plums pop ...

There was a fight for the street. The enemy's fire was terrible

We broke forward to the square.

And he nails - do not look out of the towers, -

And the devil will understand where it hits from.

Then guess which house

He nestled, - so many holes,

And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:

Comrade commander, comrade commander!

I know where their gun is. I scouted ...

I was crawling, they are over there in the garden ...

But where, where? .. - Let me go

On the tank with you. I'll give it straight.

Well, no battle awaits. - Get in here, buddy! -

And so we roll to the place four of us.

There is a boy - mines, bullets whistle,

And only a shirt with a bubble.

They drove up. - Here. - And with a turn

We go to the rear and give full throttle.

And this gun, at the same time with the calculation,

We crushed it into loose, greasy black soil.

I wiped off my sweat. Smothering smoke and soot:

There was a big fire going from house to house.

And, I remember, I said: - Thank you, lad! -

And he shook his hand, like a friend ...

It was a difficult fight. Everything today, asleep,

And I just can't forgive myself:

From thousands of faces I would recognize a boy

But what is his name, I forgot to ask him.

Student 9: According to the recollections of many "children of the military Stalingrad", Sunday, August 23, 1942 was warm and sunny. There was a lot of activity in the center of the city - shops, markets worked, townspeople had a rest in parks; military and policemen were working on the central streets, preparing a place for the passage of military equipment ... A few minutes after the chief of staff for the air defense of Stalingrad addressed about the expected massive German air raid, a Rama reconnaissance aircraft appeared over the city center. He threw away a huge number of leaflets and turned back.

Student 10: At 16 hours 18 minutes, according to eyewitnesses, a growing rumble was heard. German planes flew in large groups in strict order.From the memoirs of Yu. Anikin (at that time a 13-year-old schoolboy): “Standing on the tramway ring, I saw with my own eyes how the fascist vultures brazenly flew along the city towards the factories, in groups, at intervals of several minutes. High-explosive and incendiary bombs (25 pieces in self-opening boxes), pieces of rails, empty iron barrels with holes rained down on the city, creating a frightening squeal, howl, and crash. Powerful explosions of heavy bombs constantly shook the earth and the air. "

Student 11: Horrified people, according to their stories, tried to hide in the first shelters they came across. They escaped in hastily dug small dugouts, trenches, cracks, basements. Everything around began to burn: houses, streets, the city. The oil refineries on the shore were also burning, because of the burning oil spills, it seemed that the Volga was burning too.

In the hope of rescue, people tried to get to the crossing over the Volga, but when they got there, many turned back, realizing that it was simply impossible to evacuate. A small section of the crossing was used by the military; the wounded and children were rarely transported. You could only get on the barge after going through the hellish crush.

Student 12: “The people in a shaft, crushing each other, began to climb the barge along the gangway. And when the pier collapsed below us, I automatically grabbed my hands on the trousers of the man in front, who was holding a small child in his arms, but he himself managed to hold on to the gangway with one hand. Then I somehow contrived, took a penknife out of my pocket and cut out those parts of the trousers that I was holding on to. With these rags in my hands, losing consciousness from fear, I went to the bottom ... I woke up on the shore among the same "drowned" as me ... having already climbed the steep bank we heard the hum of an airplane ... And when we looked towards the Volga, then that the barge itself burned with a bright flame, like the people from it, floundering in the spilled oil puddle ", - recalled Mazurova Nina Prokofievna.

Student 13: Some tried to get over on their own, but under constant shelling and bombing, almost all died. Thus, the main route to the evacuation was cut off. Children and adults alike returned to the nightmare of August 23rd.

Student 14: From memories Boris Alexandrovich Bylushkin.

Bylushkin Alexander Vasilievich

I, Boris Alexandrovich Bylushkin, was born in the city of Stalingrad on February 24, 1933.

From my memories ...

The settlement of the Barrikada plant. In 1942, in the second half of August, there was the most brutal and massive bombing of the plant in the daytime, and the village from morning until evening. All night - shelling from artillery and mortars. At that time I was 9 years old, but I remember all the events of the war years very well. On August 24, 1942, the Barrikada plant was on fire, on that day for the first time in a long time of separation I saw my father (Aleksandr Vasilyevich Bylushkin, born in 1902) near his house, he was with a group of workers. Before that, my father disappeared at the factory, repairing tanks and small arms for them. Mother and two sisters died in the ruins of two-story houses in the village. On August 25 - 26, my father and a group of workers went to the city center to the railway station, and I stayed with the neighbors who survived, Uncle Grisha and aunt Dusya Tregubov. They had two daughters - Zina and Valya, and I am the third. They didn't let me go. Near our houses there were 4 large cannons, of which the military fired all day long.

North - eastern outskirts of Stalingrad. It was interesting for us to watch and listen to everything that happens around. Once a day, a car came - a lorry, into which we, guys, happily threw spent shell casings into the back. For this the Red Army men treated us to porridge and gave us a piece of bread. It turns out that we are also the defenders of Stalingrad.

On August 26, Aunt Dusya and I went to the city center to meet my father and find out what to do next? The city at that time was a real hell - continuous fires and smoke all around. We walked along the tramway past the Mamaev Kurgan. We tried to get through as quickly as possible. It was unsafe to go, as all sorts of objects flew to us in a straight line at a distance of 1 km and from Mamayev Kurgan. But nothing happened. In the green park we met the Red Army men who told us that there was such a group of workers, but it was yesterday, i.e. On August 25, 1942, she was sent to the Wet Mosque. Since then I have not seen my father again. We returned back, safely overcame this dangerous section past the Mamayev Kurgan, which every day passed to the Germans, then to ours. It was a meat grinder.

Student 15: Overhead was an incessant stream of aircraft, all around hell: fires, soot, dust, stench from burnt human bodies ... A huge bonfire of the burning city was visible for tens of kilometers around.

Only after midnight did the attacks of the fascist aviation cease. On this day, more than 40 thousand civilians died (according to the estimates of the Soviet command), on this day the childhood of thousands of Stalingrad children ended ...

Student 16:

Open to the steppe wind

The broken houses stand.

Sixty-two kilometers

Stalingrad will be stretched out in length.

As if he were on the blue Volga

Turned around in a chain, took a fight,

He stood up front across Russia-

And he covered it all up with himself!

1. Results.

Guys, many years have passed since the Battle of Stalingrad, but we honor the memory of the fallen, bow to the living.

Let's bow to those great years

To all our commanders and soldiers,

To all marshals of the country and privates,

Let us bow down to the dead and the living.

To all those whom we must not forget,

Let's bow, let's bow, friends.

All the world, all the people, all the land

Let's bow for that Great Battle.

This concludes our class hour.

The city on the Volga was completely destroyed 76 years ago. After the massive bombing of the German-fascist aviation, almost all buildings turned into ruins, and tens of thousands of civilians died.

Despite the stubborn resistance of the Soviet troops, on August 23, 1942, the enemy was able to break through the defenses of the 62nd Army and the advance detachments of the German 14th Panzer Corps to reach the Volga.

At 16 hours 18 minutes, following Hitler's order, the aviation of the German fascist troops subjected Stalingrad to a massive bombardment.

During the day, the enemy was able to make more than 2 thousand sorties of the 4th air fleet. Air raids during the entire war did not reach such force. Instantly the huge city was engulfed in flames.

The bombing continued on 24, 25 and 26 August. During this time, enterprises, houses, cultural and educational institutions turned into ruins. Transport, communications and utilities were completely disabled.

Photo: globallookpress

Radio Paris reported on the days of the bombing:

The attention of the whole world is now riveted on the grandiose battle of Stalingrad. Radio America, Britain and the Axis powers broadcast messages that the battles at Stalingrad are larger than all battles of this and previous wars. The significance of Stalingrad for the USSR is enormous. To surrender Stalingrad means to open the heart of the country to the enemy.

Air defense means were able to shoot down 120 enemy aircraft only on 23 August. At the same time, anti-aircraft artillery regiments at this time successfully repelled the attacks of German tanks and infantry.

Photo: MKU "City Information Center"

During the bombardment, the Stalingrad City Defense Committee decided to immediately evacuate women, children and wounded from the city to the left bank of the Volga.

The remaining about 169,000 civilians worked daily on defensive lines and building barricades in the streets and near factories.

These days, the city defense committee addressed the city's population with an appeal.

Dear comrades! Dear Stalingraders! Again, just like 24 years ago, our city is going through difficult days. Bloody Hitlerites rush to sunny Stalingrad to the great Russian Volga river. Stalingraders! We will not surrender our hometown to the Germans. We all stand as one to defend our beloved city, home, family. We will cover all the streets with impassable barricades. We will make every house, every quarter, every street an impregnable fortress. All go out to the construction of barricades. Barricade every street. In the terrible year of 1918, our fathers defended Tsaritsyn. We will defend the Red Banner Stalingrad in 1942!

As a result, all attempts by the Germans to quickly take the city from the north were stopped, thanks to stubborn resistance. The Soviet troops, despite the superiority of the enemy in strength and technology, managed to inflict a number of counterattacks and on August 28, 1942, to stop the offensive.

Photo: Russian Ministry of Defense

Until today, 23 August 1942 is considered the most terrible event in the history of Stalingrad. Every year on this day, Volgograd residents lay flowers at the eternal flame and spend a minute of silence in memory of those who died from German bombs.