The field and lines of force really exist. Field lines of force - the most interesting in blogs
Topic 1.1 Characteristics and parameters of the electric field
Introduction to the discipline (the main content of the discipline, the dignity and role of electrical energy, sources of electrical energy, the use of electrical energy, electrification of the national economy, its significance, Lenin's GOELRO plan, the formation and initial development of electrical engineering).
Electric field concept. The main characteristics of the electric field: intensity, potential and electric voltage. Coulomb's law.
Methodological instructions for studying the topic 1.1
In the introduction it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe subject "Electrical Engineering and Electronics" and its place in the national economy, the importance of electrical engineering in the development of modern industry. Literature: pp. 5-6. And also have an idea about the electric field, its main characteristics. Know Coulomb's law. Literature: chapter 1, pp. 8-28.
Self-test questions
1. What sources of energy do you know are renewable and non-renewable?
2. What types of energy are converted into electrical energy by the electrical consumers in your home?
3. What measures are taken and what can be applied in your home to save energy?
4. Are there any advantages of direct current transmission of electrical energy over alternating current transmission?
5. What are the areas of application of DC electrical devices?
6. The figure shows a model of the hydrogen atom. In which area of \u200b\u200bspace does the electric field act:
a) in the area
b) in area B?
7. Which of the following statements do you think is correct?
a) the field and lines of force really exist;
b) the field really exists, and the lines of force are conditional;
c) the field and lines of force exist conditionally.
8. What value is the potential of the electric field?
a) vector; b) scalar.
Topic 1.2 Properties of conductors, semiconductors and electrical insulating materials
Conductors and dielectrics in an electric field. Electrical insulating materials and their properties. Electric capacity. Capacitors. Capacitor connections. Varnishes and insulating materials for electrical work.
Methodological instructions for studying the topic 1.2
Have an understanding of conductors and dielectrics in an electric field, about electrical insulating materials and their properties. What is a capacitor. Unit of measure for electrical capacitance. In what ways can capacitors be connected. What varnishes and insulating materials are used for electrical work.
Self-test questions
1. When three capacitors are connected in parallel, connected to a power source, one of them (C 3) turned out to be broken. How will the voltage across the capacitors change and what will be their total capacity?
a) U \u003d const; C total \u003d C 1 + C 2;
b) U \u003d 0; With total \u003d ¥.
2. Three capacitors connected to the power supply are connected in series. How will the voltage across the capacitors be distributed?
a) U 1\u003e U 2\u003e U 3;
b) U 3\u003e U 2\u003e U 1;
c) insufficient data to answer the question.
3.Three capacitors can be connected in series, in parallel and in mixed connection schemes. How many connection circuits can be built from three capacitors of the same capacity C and which of them has the smallest equivalent capacity?
Section 2. MAGNETIC FIELD
Topic 2.1 Characteristics and parameters of the magnetic field
General information about the magnetic field. Basic properties and characteristics of the magnetic field. Forceful action of the magnetic field. Ampere's law, Lenz. Inductance.
Methodological instructions for studying the topic 2.1
Have an understanding of the magnetic field, its properties and characteristics. What is the force effect of the magnetic field. Know the law of Ampere, Lenz, the concept of inductance and the unit of its measurement.
Self-test questions
1. What field arises around moving electric charges?
a) magnetic;
b) electrical;
c) electromagnetic.
a) B \u003d 200 Wb;
b) B \u003d 0.25 × 10 -3 Wb.
3. What characteristic of the magnetic field corresponds to the dimension of henry per meter (G / m)?
4. What is the magnitude of the magnetic flux Ф?
a) vector;
b) scalar.
5. What value is the magnetic voltage U m?
a) vector;
Academician Sotpaev atyndagy Ekibastuz engineer - technicians institute colleges
Ekibastuz College of Engineering and Technical Institute named after academician K.I.Satpayev
COLLECTION OF TEST QUESTIONS
in the discipline "Theoretical Foundations of Electrical Engineering"
2008 year
Developed by: Zaykan L.A., teacher of special disciplines
Reviewed and discussed at the PCC meeting:
Minutes No. _________ dated "_____" _________________ 200 ____.
Chairman of the PCC ________________
Agreed:
Deputy Director for SD _______________ Turumtaeva Z.D.
Approved by:
Methodological Council
Minutes No. ______ dated "_____" __________ 200____
Collection of test questions for the discipline "Theoretical Foundations of Electrical Engineering"
designed for college students of technical specialties.
Test questions are used for the successful assimilation of educational material. The tests have a significant number of questions that can be used to independent work students in the study of theoretical material.
These test questions are designed to conduct self-and mutual control of students' knowledge on the following course topics:
Electric field. Coulomb's law.
DC electric circuits.
Electromagnetism.
Basic concepts of alternating current. Phase. Phase difference.
Single-phase AC circuits.
Three-phase AC circuits.
The purpose of test development is:
Development of logical thinking;
Analytical ability;
Education of independence.
The collection of test questions can be used for both daily and extramural forms learning.
Topics: Electric field. Coulomb's law
1. What can be determined using Coulomb's law?
A) the force of interaction between two charges;
B) electric charge
C) electrical potential;
D) electric field strength;
E) work.
2. Write down the formula for Coulomb's law.
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
3. What is the work of moving an electric charge from one point to another?
A) the product of the strength and length of the conductor;
B) the ratio of voltage to conductor length;
C) the product of the magnitude of the electric charge and the length of the conductor;
D) the product of voltage and charge;
E) the ratio of force to electric field strength.
4.One of two sides electromagnetic field, characterized by the action on an electrically charged particle with a force proportional to charge of a particle and independent of its velocity:
A) electromagnetic field;
B) manitoelectric field;
C) magnetic field;
D) force field;
E) electric field.
5. Where does the field of a solitary charged body exist?
A) only in the plane;
B) in space;
C) behind the plane;
D) behind space;
E) the field does not exist.
6. Unit of electric field strength:
D) H · Cl;
7. The potential difference between two points of the field is called:
A) electrical voltage;
B) electrical resistance;
C) the strength of the electric field;
D) electric charge voltage;
E) electric field voltage.
8. The unit of electrical capacity is:
A) Cl; C) F; C) B; D) Cl · B; E) B / Cl.
9. Total, or equivalent, capacitance when three capacitors are connected in parallel
A) Common \u003d C1 C2 / (C1 + C2);
C) Common \u003d C1 + C2 + C3;
(IN)
10. Total, or equivalent, capacity when two capacitors are connected in series:
A) Common \u003d C1 C2 / (C1 + C2);
B) Common \u003d 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + 1 / C3;
C) Common \u003d C1 + C2 + C3;
D) Common \u003d C1 / Q + C 2 / Q + C 3 / Q;
E) Common \u003d Q / C1 + Q / C2 + Q / C3.
11. What is the electric capacity of a capacitor?
A) 
B) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
12. Determine the total capacitance of the connection of the capacitors, the diagram of which is shown in Fig., If all capacitors have a capacity of 5 μF.
A) 5 μF; B) 2.5 μF; C) 10 μF;
D) 15 μF; E) 12.5 μF.
13. Three capacitors of 300 μF each were connected in parallel. What is the equivalent capacitance of the capacitors?
A) 100 μF; B) 1000 uF; C) 900 uF;
D) 300 μF; E) 600 μF.
14. How many farads is one picofarad?
A) 10 F; B) 10 3 F; C) 10 -3 F;
D) 10 -6 F; E) 10 -12 F.
15. In what units is the electric potential measured?
A) Cl; B) F; C) J; D) B; E) N.
16. What is called the electric field strength?
A) the ratio of work to the amount of charge;
B) the product of current and voltage;
C) the ratio of the force acting on the charge to the magnitude of the charge;
D) the ratio of the charge to the force acting on the charge;
E) the ratio of work to the length of the conductor.
17. What is electrical voltage?
A) point potential;
B) directional movement of electric charges along the conductor;
C) the sum of the potentials of the two points;
D) potential difference between two points;
E) the product of potentials between two points.
18. Which of the following statements do you think is correct?
A) the field and lines of force really exist;
C) the field really exists, and the lines of force - conditionally;
C) the field exists conditionally, and the lines of force are real;
D) both the field and the lines of force exist conditionally;
E) the field and lines of force do not exist.
19. What is the formula for determining the strength characteristic of the field - intensity?
A) F q B) q / F C) Q / R ² D) F / q E) Q / q
20. Unit of electric field potential φ:
A) J · Kl; C) Cl / J; C) V m;
D) V / m; E) J / Cl.
21. What charges move in the metal during electrostatic induction?
A) positive ions;
C) negative ions;
C) both electrons and ions;
D) electrons;
E) point charges.
22. In practice, to obtain a container use:
A) semiconductors;
B) gaseous dielectrics;
C) capacitors;
D) liquid dielectrics;
E) solid dielectrics.
23. Total, or equivalent, capacity when three capacitors are connected in series:
A) Common \u003d C1 C2 / (C1 + C2);
B) 1 / Sob \u003d 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + 1 / C3;
C) Common \u003d C1 + C2 + C3;
D) Common \u003d C1 / Q + C 2 / Q + C 3 / Q;
E) Common \u003d Q / C1 + Q / C2 + Q / C3.
24. Metals are conductors of electric current. What particles that make up these substances move in the presence of an electric current?
A) anions and cations; B) protons; C) electrons;
D) neutrons; E) ions.
25. An electric charge of 0.3 C is placed in a uniform electric field, which acts on it with a force of 4.5 N. What is the strength of a uniform electric field?
A) 15; B) 1.5; C) 1.35; D) 10; E) 150.
26. The magnitude of the charge of the capacitor is 0.003 C, and its capacity is 4 μF. What is the voltage between its plates?
A) 300 V; B) 750 V; C) 120V; D) 133V; E) 200 V.
27. Three capacitors of 3 μF each were connected in series. What is the equivalent capacitance of the capacitors?
A) 9 μF; B) 4 μF; C) 1 μF;
D) 3 μF; E) 5 μF.
28. How many farads is one microfarad?
A) 10 F;
B) 10 3 F;
C) 10 -3 F;
D) 10 -6 F;
E) 10 -12 F.
29. How will the capacitance and charge on the capacitor plates change if the voltage at its terminals rises?
A) capacity and charge will increase;
B) capacity and charge will decrease;
C) the capacity will decrease and the charge will increase;
D) the capacity will remain unchanged and the charge will increase;
E). the capacity will remain unchanged and the charge will decrease.
30. In what case is the electric field uniform?
A) if the lines of tension at all points are the same;
C) if the potentials of all points are equal;
C) if the potentials of all points are different;
D) if the lines of tension at all points are not the same;
E) if the strength of the electric field is equal to the magnitude of the electric charge.
Answers to tests on topics: Electric field. Coulomb's law.
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Topic: DC Electrical Circuits
1. Which equation reflects the first Kirchhoff's law?
A) R eq \u003d ∑R;
B) ∑E \u003d ∑IR;
C) ∑I \u003d 0;
D) ∑E \u003d 0;
E) U \u003d ∑U
2. With a parallel connection, consisting of three branches, the equivalent, or total, resistance is equal to:
A) R eq \u003d R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2);
C) R eq \u003d R 1 + R 2 + R 3;
3. Determine the amperage in the electric kettle connected to a 220V network, if the resistance of the filament during kettle operation is approximately 39 ohms.
A) 5A; B) 5.64A; C) 56.4A; D) 0.5A; E) 1.5A;
4. What voltage should be applied to a conductor with a resistance of 0.25 Ohm so that the conductor has a current of 30A?
A) 120V; B) 12V; C) 7.5V; D) 0.75V; E) 1.2V.
5. What is the name of the phenomenon of transfer of electric charges by charged particles or bodies moving in free space?
A) full electric current
B) alternating current;
C) electric current of transfer;
D) electric displacement current;
E) electrical conduction current.
6. What is called electric current?
A) the phenomenon of counteracting the movement of electric charges along the conductor.
C) directional movement of electric charges along the conductor.
C) potential difference between two points.
D) the sum of the potentials of two points.
E) the ratio of the magnitude of the charge to the strength of the electric field.
7. The resistance of the circuit is 4 ohms. What is electrical conductivity?
A) 4 cm B) 0.25 cm C) 5 cm D) 0.5 cm E) 0.4 cm
8. What law is used to convert electrical energy into heat?
A) Ohm's law;
C) the first Kirchhoff's law;
C) Kirchhoff's second law;
D) Joule-Lenz law;
E) the law of conservation of energy.
9. What is called the power of the circuit?
A) a value that characterizes the change in current in the circuit;
B) a value numerically equal to the EMF of the source;
C) a value characterizing the rate of energy conversion;
D) a value numerically equal to the voltage drop across the circuit section;
E) a value numerically equal to the energy consumption for a certain period of time.
10. What types of energy are used to generate electrical current when the battery is running?
A) mechanical; B) internal; C) chemical;
D) light; E) thermal.
11. Find the conductivity q, where R \u003d 2 Ohm
A) 1 cm B) 0.2 cm C) 0.5 cm D) 2 cm; E) 0 Ohm
12. Ionization is a process:
A) the transformation of a proton into an ion
C) the transformation of a neutral atom into an ion
C) the transformation of a proton into an electron
D) conversion of a neutral atom to a proton
E) the transformation of a neutral atom into an electron
13 . With a parallel connection, consisting of two branches, the equivalent, or total, resistance is:
A) R eq \u003d R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2); +
B) 1 / R eq \u003d 1 / R 1 + 1 / R 2 + 1 / R 3;
C) R eq \u003d R 1 + R 2 + R 3;
D) R eq \u003d R1 / U + R2 / U + R3 / U;
E) R equiv \u003d U / R1 + U / R2 + U / R3.
14. The ammeter's passport says that its resistance is 0.1 ohm. Determine the voltage at the terminals of the ammeter if it shows a current strength of 10A.
A) 10B; B) 0.1V; C) 100V; D) 1B; E) 1000V.
15. What types of energy are used to generate electric current when a photocell operates?
A) mechanical; B) internal; C) chemical;
D) light; E) thermal.
16. Write down the formula for the electric current.
A) I \u003d U R B) I \u003d Q / t C) I \u003d t / Q D) I \u003d Q t E) Q ε
17. How is the circuit current measured?
A) with a voltmeter; B) an ammeter; C) with an ohmmeter;
D) potentiometer; E) a wattmeter.
18. What is the voltage at the terminals of the EMF source operating in the generator mode?
A) U \u003d E + I R 0; B) U \u003d E - I R 0; C) U \u003d E / I R;
D) U \u003d I R - E; E) U \u003d I R / E.
19. In what SI units is electrical conductivity measured?
A) in Omah; B) in siemens; C) in volts;
D) in henry; E) in teslas.
20. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the electrical circuit ifR 1 \u003d 2 Ohms, R 2 \u003d 3 Ohms, R 3 \u003d 5 Ohms, R 4 \u003d R 5 \u003d 10 Ohms.
A) 16 Ohm; B) 24 Ohm; C) 13.75 ohms; D) 14.25 ohm; E) 20 Ohm.
21. What devices are power supplies?
A) motors, resistors;
B) generators, batteries;
C) incandescent lamps;
D) electric heating devices;
E) electrolytic baths.
22. The electric iron is included in the voltage of 220V. What is the current in the heating element of the iron if the resistance is 48.4 ohms?
A) I \u003d 0.45A; B) I \u003d 2A; C) I \u003d 2.5A;
D) I \u003d 45A; E) I \u003d 4.5A.
23. Determine the voltage at the ends of the conductor with a resistance of 20 ohms, if the current strength in the conductor is 0.4A.
A) 50V; B) 0.5V; C) 0.02V; D) 80V; E) 8B.
24. What is the current density?
A) the product of the current strength and the cross-sectional area through which the current flows;
B) the ratio of the current strength to the cross-sectional area through which the current flows;
C) product of current and voltage; D) the ratio of voltage to resistance;
E) the ratio of current to conductivity.
25. An electric motor connected to a 220 V network consumes a current of 10 A. What is the motor power and how much energy does it consume in 6 hours of operation?
A) P \u003d 22 kW, W \u003d 13.2 kW hour;
B) P \u003d 2.2 kW, W \u003d 13.2 kWh;
C) P \u003d 1.32 kW, W \u003d 10.56 kWh;
D) P \u003d 22 kW, W \u003d 1.32 kWh;
E) P \u003d 2.2 kW, W \u003d 1.32 kWh.
26. The first, second and third currents flow to the node, the fourth and fifth currents flow from the same node. Make an equation according to the first Kirchhoff's law for a given node.
A) I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 + I 5 \u003d 0;
B) I 1 - I 2 - I 3 - I 4 - I 5 \u003d 0;
C) I 1 + I 2 + I 3 - I 4 - I 5 \u003d 0;
D) I 1 + I 2 - I 3 - I 4 - I 5 \u003d 0;
E) I 3 + I 4 + I 5 - I 1 - I 2 \u003d 0.
27. Three resistors are connected in parallel. The resistances of the resistors are 4 ohms, 2 ohms and 3 ohms, respectively. What is the equivalent circuit resistance?
A) 1.1 Ohm; B) 0.9 ohm; With 2.7 ohm; D) 3 ohms; E) 2.3 Ohm.
28. Find the equivalent resistance of the given branching, if R 1 \u003d 4 Ohm, R 2 \u003d 2 Ohm; R 3 \u003d 3 ohms.
A) R eq \u003d 1.1 Ohm B) R eq \u003d 1.5 Ohm C) R eq \u003d 2.5 Ohm;
D) R equiv \u003d 0.9 Ohm; E) R equiv \u003d 2.7 Ohm.
29. In conductors of the first kind (metals), electronic and semiconductor devices, there is an electric current due to the directional ordered movement of electrons:
A) full electric current;
B) charging current;
C) electrical conduction current;
D) transfer electric current;
E) electric displacement current.
30. What is the current strength in an electric lamp of a flashlight, if the resistance of the filament is 16.6 ohms and the lamp is connected to a 2.5V battery?
A) I \u003d 0.25A; B) I \u003d 2.5A; C) I \u003d 2A;
D) I \u003d 0.15A; E) I \u003d 1.5A.
31. Determine the voltage on the section of the telegraph line 1 km long, if the resistance of this section is 6 ohms, and the current supplying the circuit is 0.008A.
A) 0.048V; B) 0.48V; C) 125V; D) 1.25V; E) 12.5V.
32. What is called an electrical circuit node?
A) an electrical point at which two branches converge;
B) a closed path through which an electric current passes;
C) an electrical point at which three or more branches converge;
D) connection of two wires of different potential;
E) the distance between the two branches.
33. In what case will the EMF in the circuit be negative?
A) if its direction coincides with the direction of the branch current.
C) if its direction does not coincide with the direction of the branch current.
C) if its direction coincides with the direction of bypassing the contour.
D) if its direction does not coincide with the direction of traversing the contour.
E) if the directions of bypassing all circuits of the circuit are the same.
34. In any circuit of an electric circuit, the algebraic sum of the EMF is equal to the algebraic sum of voltage drops in individual resistances - this is:
A) Kirgoff's second law + B) Coulomb's law
C) Kirgoff's first law D) Ohm's law
E) Newton's law
35. Physical quantitycharacterizing the number of infected particles passing through the conductor per unit of time is ...
C) power D) voltage E) current
36. A physical quantity that characterizes the property of a conductor to change the current in a circuit is ...
A) conductivity B) electrical energy
37. A physical quantity that characterizes the rate of transformation of electrical energy into its other types is ...
A) conductivity B) electrical energy
C) power D) voltage E) resistance
38. The physical quantity characterizing the work of the electric field forces to maintain the current in the circuit is ...
A) conductivity B) electrical energy
C) power D) voltage E) resistance
39. The current in the section of the circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied to this section and is inversely proportional to the resistance of this section - this is:
A) Kirgoff's second law B) Coulomb's law
C) Kirgoff's first law
E) Ohm's law for complete uepi
40.The current in the circuit is directly proportional to the EMF and inversely proportional to the total resistance
A) Kirgoff's second law
C) Coulomb's law
C) Kirgoff's first law
D) Ohm's law for a chain section
E) Ohm's law for a complete circuit
Answers to tests on the topic: DC electric circuits
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Topic: Electromagnetism
1. The vector quantity characterizing the magnetic field and determining the force acting on a moving charged particle from the side of the magnetic field is:
A) magnetic permeability of the medium;
B) magnetic induction;
D) magnetic flux;
E) magnetic voltage.
2. The quantity that is the coefficient reflecting the magnetic properties of the medium is:
C) the strength of the magnetic field;
D) magnetic flux;
E) magnetic voltage.
3. The quantity that shows how many times the induction of the field created by the current in a given medium is greater or less than in vacuum, and is dimensionless is:
A) the absolute magnetic permeability of the medium;
B) the relative magnetic permeability of the medium;
C) the strength of the magnetic field;
D) magnetic flux;
E) magnetic voltage.
4. The unit of magnetic induction is:
5. The quantity characterizing the magnetic properties of vacuum is:
A) the absolute magnetic permeability of the medium;
B) the relative magnetic permeability of the medium;
C) magnetic constant;
D) magnetic flux;
E) magnetic voltage.
6. A vector quantity that does not depend on the properties of the medium and is determined only by the currents in the conductors that create a magnetic field is:
A) the absolute magnetic permeability of the medium;
B) the relative magnetic permeability of the medium;
C) the strength of the magnetic field;
D) magnetic flux;
E) magnetic voltage.
7. The unit of magnetic field strength is:
A) weber; C) farad; C) Tesla;
D) henry / meter; E) ampere / meter.
8. The unit of magnetic voltage is:
A) weber; C) farad; C) Tesla; D) henry; E) ampere.
9. Materials with high magnetic permeability are called:
A) ferromagnetic; B) diamagnetic;
C) paramagnetic;
D) magnetic.
E) biomagnetic.
10. The algebraic sum of magnetic fluxes for any node of the magnetic circuit is equal to zero - this is:
A) Kirchhoff's first law for an electrical circuit;
C) Kirchhoff's second law for an electrical circuit;
C) the first Kirchhoff's law for a magnetic circuit;
D) Kirchhoff's second law for a magnetic circuit;
E) Ohm's law for a magnetic circuit
11. In what SI units is the magnetic flux measured?
A) weber; B) volts; C) Tesla; D) henry; E) siemens.
12. Formula of magnetic flux:
A) Ф \u003d µ · Н; B) Ф \u003d В · F; C) Ф \u003d F · S;
D) Ф \u003d µ · В; E) Ф \u003d В · S.
13. What property of the magnetic circuit is the main one?
A) nonlinear dependence B (H);
C) the ability to be satisfied;
C) low magnetic resistance;
D) the ability to maintain residual magnetization;
E) residual induction.
14. Formula of Ohm's law for a magnetic circuit:
A) Ф \u003d U M R M; ; B) Ф \u003d U M / R M; + C) Ф \u003d R M / U M;
D) I \u003d U / R; E) U M \u003d R M F;
15. How is the first Kirchhoff's law for a magnetic circuit read?
A) the algebraic sum of the currents in the node is equal to zero;
C) the current in the circuit section is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance;
C) the algebraic sum of magnetizing forces is equal to the algebraic sum of magnetic stresses;
D) the algebraic sum of magnetic fluxes for any node of the magnetic circuit is equal to zero;
E) the amount of heat is proportional to the square of the current, resistance and time of passage of the current;
16. What is the magnetic constant that characterizes the magnetic properties of vacuum?
AND) 
;
IN) 
;
C) 
;
D) 
;
E) ;
17. In what SI units is the magnetic induction measured?
A) in webers; C) in teslas; C) in henry;
D) in volts; E) in siemens;
18) What is the magnetic induction?
A) B \u003d Фμ; B) B \u003d F / μ; C) B \u003d μ and H;
D) B \u003d H / μ 0; E) B \u003d F / N.
19. Formula for the law of total current:
AND) 
;
B) F \u003d BS;
20. Which of these materials belongs to ferromagnetic
A) glass B) iron C) porcelain
D) plastics E) rubber
A) magnetic induction
B) magnetic flux
C) electric current
D) EMF
22. What force is called the Lorentz force?
A) Force acting on the charge
C) The force of interaction of two charges
C) Electromagnetic force
D) Electromotive force
E) Force induced in the circuit
23. A magnetic force acts on a wire with a current in a magnetic field. What is it equal to?
A) F \u003d B υ ℓ B) F \u003d B I ℓ C) F \u003d B ℓ
D) F \u003d B υ E) F \u003d D S
A) magnetic induction
B) magnetic flux
C) electromagnetic force
D) EMF
E) magnetic current intensity
25. What is the formula for determining flux linkage?
AND) 
IN) 
C) 
D) 
E) 
26. Write down the EMF formula of self-induction
A) e L \u003d L (di / dt) B) e L \u003d - L (di / dt)
C) e L \u003d E (di / dt) D) e L \u003d -E (di / dt)
E) e L \u003d di / L dt
27. What is the energy of the magnetic field?
A) W \u003d 
I / 2; B) W \u003d 2 I; C) W \u003d 2 L;
D) W \u003d L / 2; E) W \u003d L 2;
28. In what SI units is the inductance of a coil measured?
A) in volts; B) in farads; C) in Ohms;
D) in henry; E) in amperes;
29. What is the formula for determining flux linkage?
AND) ; IN) \u003d F / 
; C) \u003d L I;
D) \u003d I / L; E) \u003d L / I;
30. Substances that are strongly attracted to a magnet, the relative magnetic permeability of which is large, are called
A) diamagnets;
B) paramagnets;
C) ferromagnets;
D) dielectrics;
E) magnets ..
Answers to tests on topic: Electromagnetism
Question No.
Question No.
Question No.
Topic: Basic concepts of alternating current. Phase. Phase difference
1. The number of periods per second is called:
A) period;
B) frequency;
C) angular frequency;
D) amplitude;
E) time.
2. Unit of measure of angular frequency:
D) radian / second; E) 1 / second
3. The value of the alternating sinusoidal current, which is less than its peak value in 
times called:
A) amplitude; B) instant; C) medium;
D) valid; E) variables.
4. The ratio of the amplitude value of the alternating current to the effective value is called:
A) crest factor;
B) form factor;
C) instantaneous value;
D) amplitude;
E) effective value.
5. What is the period if the frequency is 100 Hz?
A) 0.015; B) 0.01; C) 0.02;
D) 0.03 E) 0.025.
6. What is the average voltage value if U m \u003d 15 V?
A) 8.6V; B) 10.4V; C) 9.5V; D) 5.8V; E) 6.5 V.
7. The time during which the alternating current completes a full cycle of its changes is called:
D) amplitude; E) phase.
8. Unit of measurement of frequency:
A) hertz; B) radians; C) second;
D) radian / second; E) 1 / second.
9. The highest instantaneous values \u200b\u200bof periodic values:
A) amplitude; B) instant; C) medium;
D) active; E) periodic.
10. What is the power frequency?
A) 60 Hz; B) 50Hz; C) 40 Hz; D) 100 Hz; E) 1000 Hz.
11. The arithmetic mean of all instantaneous values \u200b\u200bof the positive half-wave:
12. What is the actual value of the current if
I m \u003d 10 A?
A) 7 A; B) 5.6 A; C) 4.5 A; D) 8 A; E) 6 A.
13. What is the angular frequency ω equal to if T \u003d 0.015 s?
A) 418.6 rad / s; B) 421 rad / s; C) 456 rad / s; D) 389 rad / s; E) 141 rad / s.
14. Unit of measurement of the period:
A) hertz; B) radians; C) second;
D) radian / second; E) 1 / second
15. The value of current, voltage, EMF at any given time is called:
A) amplitude; B) instant; C) average;
D) current; E) periodic.
16. The ratio of the effective value of the alternating current to the mean value is called:
A) crest factor;
B) form factor;
C) instantaneous value;
D) amplitude;
E) effective value.
17. What is the frequency ƒ \u003d if the period T \u003d 0.02 s?
A) 60 Hz; B) 50 Hz; C) 40 Hz; D) 100 Hz; E) 150 Hz.
18. Instantaneous value of current:
A) I m \u003d i sin ωt
B) i \u003d I m sin ωt
C) i \u003d I m / sin ω
D) I m \u003d i / sin ωt
E) i \u003d 1 / sin ωt.
19. Instantaneous voltage:
A U m \u003d u sin ωt
B) u \u003d U m sin ωt
C) u \u003d U m / sin ωt
D) U m \u003d u / sin ωt
E) u \u003d 1 / sin ωt.
20. Instant EMF:
A) Е m \u003d е sin ωt
B) е \u003d Е m sin ωt
C) e \u003d E m / sin ωt
D) Е m \u003d е / sin ωt
E) e \u003d 1 / sin ωt.
21. The angular velocity or angular frequency is equal to:
A) ω \u003d 2 π f t B) ω \u003d 2 π f C) ω \u003d 2 π f / t
D) ω \u003d 2 π / f E) ω \u003d 2 π / t
22. At a frequency of 50 Hz, the angular frequency is:
A) ω \u003d 314 rad / s B) ω \u003d 389 rad / s C) ω \u003d 141 rad / s
D) ω \u003d 421 rad / s E) ω \u003d 456 rad / s
23. The reciprocal of the period is called:
A) period; B) frequency; C) angular frequency;
D) amplitude; E) time.
24. The frequency can be calculated using the formula:
A) f \u003d 2 π T B) f \u003d T / 1 C) f \u003d 1 / T
D) f \u003d 2 π / T E) f \u003d 1/2 π
25. Angular velocity or angular frequency is equal to:
A) ω \u003d 2 π f t B) ω \u003d 2 π f C) ω \u003d 2 π f / T
D) ω \u003d 2 π / f E) ω \u003d 2 π / T +
26. What is the relationship between the peak and rms current values?
A) I \u003d 0.707 I m B) I \u003d 0.637 I m C) I \u003d 0.707 U m
D) I \u003d 0.637 U m E) I \u003d 0.707 E m
27. What is the relationship between peak and rms voltage values?
A) U \u003d 0.707 I m B) U \u003d 0.637 I m C) U \u003d 0.707 U m
D) U \u003d 0.637 U m E) U \u003d 0.707 E m
28. What is the average value of the sinusoidal voltage over a half-cycle?
A) U av \u003d 0.707 I m B) U av \u003d 0.637 I m C) U av \u003d 0.707 U m
D) U av \u003d 0.637 U m E) U av \u003d 0.707 E m
29. What is the average value of the sinusoidal current over a half-period?
A) I av \u003d 0.707 I m B) I av \u003d 0.637 I m C) I av \u003d 0.707 U m
D) I av \u003d 0.637 U m E) I av \u003d 0.707 E m
30. What is the ratio between the amplitude and effective values \u200b\u200bof the EMF?
A) E \u003d 0.707 I m B) E \u003d 0.637 I m C) E \u003d 0.707 E m
D) E \u003d 0.637 U m E) E \u003d 0.637 E m
31. The argument of the sine ωt + ψ is called:
A) initial phase; B) phase; C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time E) beginning of the period.
32. The moment in time at which the sinusoidal value is equal to zero and goes from negative values \u200b\u200bto positive values \u200b\u200bis called:
A) the initial phase;
B) phase;
C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time
E) the beginning of the period.
33. The angle ψ, which determines the displacement of the sinusoid relative to the origin, is called:
A) the initial phase;
B) phase;
C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time
E) the beginning of the period.
34. The electrical angle that determines the sinusoidal current (voltage, EMF) at the initial time is called:
A) the initial phase;
B) phase;
C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time
E) the beginning of the period.
35. The difference between the initial phases of two sinusoidal quantities of the same frequency is called:
A) the initial phase;
B) phase;
C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time
E) the beginning of the period.
36. The quantity φ \u003d ψ 1 - ψ 2 is called
A) the initial phase;
B) phase;
C) phase angle;
D) phase shift time
E) the beginning of the period.
37. Sinusoidal voltages and currents change according to the equations u \u003d U m sin (ωt + 20º), i \u003d I m sin (ωt - 10º). Determine the phase angle φ of voltage and current.
A) 10º; B) 20º; C) 30º; D) 40º; E) 45º.
38. Sinusoidal voltages and currents change according to the equations u \u003d U m sin (ωt + 45º), i \u003d I m sin (ωt + 10º). Determine the phase angle φ of voltage and current.
A) 10º; B) 20º; C) 30º; D) 40º; E) 35º.
39. Equations of sinusoidal current and voltage are known: u \u003d 310 sin (ωt - 20º), i \u003d 10 sin (ωt + 30º). Which of the following is correct?
A) voltage is ahead of current by 50º;
B) the current lags behind the voltage by an angle of 50º;
C) the current is ahead of the voltage by an angle of 50º;
D) voltage is ahead of current by an angle of 20º;
E) the current lags behind the voltage by an angle of 30º;
40. u \u003d U m sin (ωt + 5º), i \u003d I m sin (ωt + 10º). Determine the phase angle φ of voltage and current.
A) 5º; B) 10º; C) 15º; D) 25º; E) 45º.
Answers to tests by topic: Basic concepts of alternating current. Phase. Phase difference
Question number
Question number
Question number
Question number
Topic: Single-phase AC circuits
1. In a circuit with active resistance, what energy is the source energy converted to?
A) the energy of the magnetic field;
B) the energy of the electric field;
C) thermal;
D) thermal energy of electric and magnetic fields.
E) light energy.
2. The capacitance of the capacitor is 800 μF, the current frequency is 50 Hz. What is the resistance of a capacitor?
A) 3 Ohm B) 4 Ohm. C) 6 ohms. D) 8 ohms. E) 10 ohms.
3. In what case, when the active resistance, inductance and capacitance are connected in series, the reactive power will be negative?
A) when X L + Xc \u003d Z.
B) when X L - Xc \u003d R.
C) when X L\u003e Xc
D) when Z\u003e 1.
E) when X L< Xc .
4. Which circuit with series connected elements does this vector diagram correspond to?
A) circuits with active resistance and inductance
B) circuits with active resistance and capacitance;
C) circuits with inductance and active resistance;
D) circuits with capacitance and active resistance
E) circuits with inductance and capacitance.
5. By what formula can you find the current in a circuit with a series-connected active resistance and capacitance?
A) I \u003d U / √ R² + X C ²;
B) I \u003d R² + X C ²;
C) I \u003d R + X C
D) I \u003d U / R + X C;
E) I \u003d U / R² + X C ².
6. What is the reactive power of the circuit at the moment of voltage resonance?
B) the full power of the circuit.
C) one.
D) the active power of the circuit.
E) half the full power of the circuit.
7. What formula can be used to determine the power factor cos φ?
A) cos φ \u003d Q / S;
B) cos φ \u003d R / S;
C) cos φ \u003d R / P;
D) cos φ \u003d R / Z;
E) P / Z.
8. For which circuit is this vector diagram built?
A) for a chain with a capacity;
B) for a circuit with inductance;
C) for a circuit with active resistance;
D) for a circuit with active resistance and capacitance;
E) for a circuit with active resistance and inductance.
9. In what SI units is reactive power measured?
A) VA. B) B. C) Var. D) W. E) kW.
10. What formula can be used to find the active power of the circuit containing active resistance and inductance?
A) P \u003d U I;
B) P \u003d U I cos φ;
C) P \u003d U I sin φ;
D) P \u003d U sin φ;
E) P \u003d U I cos φ
A) Q \u003d U I;
B) Q \u003d U I cos φ;
C) Q \u003d U I sin φ;
D) Q \u003d U cos φ;
E) Q \u003d U sin φ.
12. Active resistance, inductance and capacitance are connected in parallel. What is the general chain?
A) I \u003d I1 + I2 + I3;
B) I \u003d I1-I2-I3;
C) I \u003d √ I1² + I2² + I3²;
D) I \u003d √ (I1 + I2) ² - I3²;
E) I \u003d √ I1² + (I2 - I3).
13. The capacitance of the capacitor is 800 μF, the current frequency is 50 Hz. What is the resistance of the capacitor?
A) 3 Ohm; B) 4 ohms; C) 6 ohms; D) 8 ohms; E) 10 Ohm ..
14. What formula is used to determine reactive power?
A) Q \u003d IU sin φ;
C) Q \u003d IU cos φ;
D) Q \u003d √S² + P²;
15. The voltage resonance condition is:
A) R \u003d XL;
B) R \u003d XC;
C) XL \u003d XC;
D) R \u003d UL;
E) R \u003d U С.
16. Two branches with parameters are connected in parallel: R 1, XL 1 and R 2, Xc 2. What is the current in the unbranched part of this circuit?
A) I \u003d √ Ia 1² + Ia 2² + Ip 1² + Ip 2².
B) I \u003d √I1² + I2².
C) I \u003d √ (Ia1 + Ia2) ² + (Ip1 + Ip2) ².
D) I \u003d √ (Ia1 + Ia2) ² + (Ip1 - Ip2) ².
E) I \u003d √ (Ia1 + Ia2) ² + (Ip2 - Ip1) ².
17. Is energy consumed by the circuit at resonance of currents, if R k \u003d 0?
A) yes; B) no;
C) depends on the ratio of L and C;
D) depends on the magnitude of the current;
E) depends on the loop resistance.
18. Unit of measurement of loop inductance
A) Tesla; B) weber; C) henry; D) A / m; E) Maxwell.
19. Which circuit has the total voltage in phase with the current?
A) at a circuit with inductance.
B) at a circuit with active resistance.
C) at a circuit with a capacity.
D) at a circuit with active resistance and capacitance.
E) at a circuit with active resistance and inductance.
20. The inductance of the coil is 0.002H, the current frequency is 50 Hz. What is the resistance to a coil?
A) 6.28 Ohm B) 0.628 Ohm. C) 6 ohms. D) 10 ohms. E) 3.14 ohm.
21. Is it possible to practically realize purely active resistance?
A) possible;
B) impossible;
C) depends on the resistance value.
22. The resonant mode of operation of a circuit is understood as a mode in which the resistance is:
A) purely active;
B) purely inductive;
C) purely capacitive;
D) active-inductive;
E) active-capacitive.
23. Name the circuit this diagram does not correspond to?
A) chain with R, L and C (XL > XC);
B) chain with R, L and C (XL < XC);
C) R and L chain
D) chain with R and C
24. What is called the resonance of currents?
A) a phenomenon in which all currents are the same.
B) the phenomenon in which the active current is equal to the reactive current.
C) a phenomenon in which the total current in a circuit is in phase with the source voltage.
D) a phenomenon in which the frequency of the current increases.
E) a phenomenon in which the frequency of the current decreases.
25. How does the voltage behave in the area with active resistance in relation to the current?
A) advances by an angle of 90º;
B) lags behind by an angle of 45º;
C) is in phase:
D) lags behind by 90º;
E) is 45º ahead.
26. In what SI units is the capacity of a capacitor measured?
A) in henry;
B) in Ohms;
C) in farads;
D) in siemens;
E) in hertz.
27. Voltage at the terminals of a circuit containing an active resistance u \u003d 100 sin 314 t. Determine the ammeter and voltmeter readings if R \u003d \u003d 100 Ohm.
A) I \u003d 1 A; U \u003d 100 V;
B) I \u003d 0.7 A; U \u003d 70 V;
C) I \u003d 0.7 A; U \u003d 100 V;
D) I \u003d 1 A; U \u003d 70 V;
E) I \u003d 3 A; U \u003d 100 V.
28. To increase the power factor in parallel to the energy receiver include:
A) capacitors;
B) inductors;
C) resistors;
D) transformers;
E) rheostats.
29. The alternating current circuit consists of a series-connected active resistance of 6 ohms and an inductance of 0.02 H at a current frequency of 50 Hz. What is the impedance of this circuit?
B) 8.7 ohms;
C) 15 ohm;
D) 10 Ohm;
E) 9.5 ohms.
30. In what SI units is the capacity of a capacitor measured?
A) in henry;
B) in ohms;
C) in farads;
D) in siemens;
E) in amperes.
31. For an alternating current circuit with inductance i \u003d Im sin ωt. What is the instantaneous voltage value for this circuit?
A) u \u003d Um sin (ωt + 90º);
B) u \u003d Um sin ωt;
C) u \u003d Um sin (ωt - 45º);
D) u \u003d Um sin (ωt - 120º)
E) u \u003d Um sin (ωt - 90º)
32. For which chain is this vector
diagram?
A) for a circuit with active resistance and inductance.
B) for a circuit with active resistance, inductance and capacitance.
C) for a circuit with active resistance and capacitance.
D) for a circuit with inductance, active resistance and capacitance.
E) for a circuit with capacitance, active resistance and inductance.
33. The voltage at the terminals of the circuit with active resistance changes according to the law u \u003d 220 sin (314 t + π / 4). Determine the law of current change in the circuit if R \u003d 50 Ohm.
A) i \u003d 4.4 sin 314 t;
B) i \u003d 4.4 sin (314 t + π / 4);
C) i \u003d 3.1 sin (314 t + π / 4);
D) i \u003d 3.1 sin314 t.
E) i \u003d 3.1 sin (314 t + π)
34. To fully use the rated power of generators and reduce heat losses, it is necessary:
A) increase cos φ; B) decrease cos φ;
C) increase sin φ; D) decrease sin φ
35. What formula can be used to find the current in a circuit with series-connected active resistance, inductance and capacitance?
A) I \u003d U / √ R² + (XL - XC) ²;
B) I \u003d R² + (XL - XC) ²;
C) I \u003d R + (XL - XC);
D) I \u003d U / R + (XL - XC);
E) I \u003d U / R² + (XL - XC) ².
36. The inductance of the coil is 0.02H, the current frequency is 50 Hz. What is the coil resistance?
A) 6.28 Ohm B) 0.628 Ohm. C) 6 ohms. D) 10 ohms. E) 3.14 ohm
37. The capacity of the capacitor included in the alternating current circuit is
650 μF, current frequency 50 Hz. What is the resistance across the capacitor?
A) 5.6 ohm B) 4.9 ohm. C) 6.5 ohms. D) 8 ohms. E) 13 ohms.
38. What parameters are included in series in the circuit corresponding to this vector diagram?
A) active resistance, inductance and capacitance.
B) inductance, capacitance inductance active resistance.
C) capacitance, inductance and resistance.
D) inductance, resistance and capacitance.
E) capacitance, resistance and inductance
39. Full use of the generator's power occurs when:
A) cos φ \u003d 0.3;
B) cos φ \u003d 0.5;
C) cos φ \u003d 0.6
D) cos φ \u003d 0.85;
E) cos φ \u003d 1.
40 In what SI units is the frequency of alternating current measured?
A) Mr. B) Hz; C) F; D) Var; E) W.
Answers to tests
The topic of force fields begins a new series of articles devoted to the multilevel perception of our world and the coordination of architectural and urban planning activities with field, subtle structures. Currently, there are several approaches to architectural design, they can be combined into the following groups: academic or orthodox, traditional, modern alternative, non-professional amateur and metaphysical. It is easy to guess that the last point is of greatest interest. It is noteworthy that all the concepts and developments of the previous articles of our entire theory and practice are more correctly attributed to alternative design. The reason for this definition is the source of information and attachments that are created by the human mind and are not fully aligned with reality.
In all cases, except for the metaphysical method and its heir - tradition, first of all, activity is carried out in relation to the desire and opinion of a person, at best rationality and logic are used. This is, of course, more reasonable than chaos, but the architecture created in this way is related to the world only at the visible, material level, the invisible plan is not taken into account here. In traditional architecture, the metaphysical aspect takes place, but it is not realized, but only repeated as established methods. The new series of articles, and this topic in particular, changes everything design has been drastically changed. It is so large that it will take several steps at least for acquaintance. Let's start with the global section - the general structure of the power frame or geobiological network, this is a great theoretical foundation, for a deep understanding of metaphysical design, we will call this method by this term for now.
GEOBIOLOGICAL NETWORK
Everything in space has life, stars, earths and suns are also living beings. Consequently, their body is similar to that of a human. In this respect, we are interested in what is hidden, namely, the nervous system of the earth, which has a very great importance... There are many names describing the power frame or nervous system of our Earth: ley lines, geobiological network, Hartaman's lines, etc. This knowledge has always existed, now it has simply been re-formed into several new systems. They reflect its various facets and details, and together they give a generalized idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture as a whole. We include the following networks to clearly formulated names:
- E. Hartman (2m x 2.5m),
- F. Peyraud (4m x 4m),
- M. Kurri (5m x 6m),
- Z. Witman (16m x 16m)
picture 1, picture 2
Visually, they all represent a grid, a system of linear links, nodes at intersection points and resulting cells. Many cells form a structure similar to parallels and meridians, which is why a geobiological network is sometimes called a coordinate network, although this is not entirely true. On a small scale, the Hartman network can be depicted as squares, but in fact, the cells have the shape of an irregular trapezoid, due to the spherical shape of the Earth, they gradually decrease to magnetic poles... The Kurri network is rotated at an angle of 45 degrees and has an independent, more global significance; it also correlates with Lei lines that have a similar position. Both networks interact with each other and should be considered in an integrated manner (Figure 1). The physiological part interacts with the Hartmann grid, and the spiritualizing principle interacts with the Kurri grid ("electrical"). The rest of the networks are not very popular, their objectivity is not entirely obvious, perhaps they reflect slightly different power structures (Figure 2). And we are now more interested in the scalability of the Hartman network. Comparison of this network with the nervous system is very arbitrary, but this is the closest concept, the most important thing is that information and energy move along the connecting lines. In any case, it is an organ of our living Earth that cannot be ignored.
There is a certain hierarchy in the structure of lines of force or stripes, that is, they differ from each other in power, expressed primarily in width. To a certain extent, this can be compared with a matryoshka doll, in which small structures are enclosed in large, identical in shape. The points of intersection of the grid strips form nodes with a diameter of about 25 cm, which alternate in the direction of energy movement in a checkerboard pattern (Figure 3). The direction changes: up or down. Subsequently, this alternation continues, and after 14 bands of the second order, there is a 15th band of the third order, about one meter wide, after 14 bands of the third order, there is a band of the fourth order, about three meters wide, etc. (Figure 4). Thus, cells of first-order stripes are formed, with dimensions of 4-6 × 4-6 m; the second order is 90 × 90 m, the third - 1250 × 1250 m, the fourth - 17500 × 17500 m, etc. At the intersection of the stripes, Curry nodes or D-zones are formed, which have a pronounced geopathogenic effect. Every 10 meters, stripes of doubled activity 30-40 cm wide appear.
picture 3, picture 4
Despite the description of the structure of field lines by exact values \u200b\u200bin reality, it does not have a stable geometry. There are a large number of factors affecting the displacement of nodes and lines, so the entire network everywhere has a fairly lively and natural look. In some places it is distorted beyond recognition, this is due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural resources include underground waters, mineral deposits, crustal faults and much more. Anthropogenic factors are very obvious - these are any significant structures of people, such as: pipelines, subways, power lines, substations and everything like that. Not all natural influences on the structure of the network are pathogenic; there are also positive sites with useful qualities that differ in structure from ordinary sites. Such places of power may appear in plan as the intersections of three or more lines. The reason for this may be, for example, the presence of underground rivers at different levels. It should be noted at once that the lines of force have a direct interdependence with the terrain and the structure of the underground space, that is, the landscape is consistent with the energy frame. However, in spite of the anomalous places, the power frame in general looks quite uniform.
We will not consider the macrostructures that are formed by Curry lines. Globally, they form pentagons with nodes corresponding to the planetary level. This is a separate topic, only indirectly related to urban planning. Therefore, for now, let's deal with smaller-scale things.
COMPONENTS OF POWER FRAME NETWORK
Now let's look at the structure of the network in parts. Lines or channels are the basis of the Earth's force field structure. Figuratively, we have already compared them with the human nervous system, since their qualities are very similar, we will briefly consider them. As mentioned above, all lines are divided into several categories in terms of power and section size, geometrically speaking, this division is not accidental, but ordered and hierarchical. Internal force moves along them in both directions, this is due to the fact that if the direction of the road is tied to a sufficiently powerful line, movement along it becomes easier in any direction. The zone of active action is located, starting from a depth of 5 meters and goes up with a gradual distortion, that is, only the surface of the earth and a range of 10 meters are objective. When they intersect, they form cells and nodes.
The nodes formed at the intersections of the tie lines have one of two properties - up and down flows, or in other words plus and minus. The nodes alternate in a checkerboard pattern, the direction changes: up or down. You should not include dual perception and divide everything into good and bad, it is wiser to understand the nodes in more detail:
- Ascending - minus sign, from earth to sky. They fill with earthly power and charge at the lower chakra level, the body is enriched with the energy of the Earth's magnetic field and physiology is restored. But most importantly, there is a cleansing here, this is expressed as an outflow of strength and fatigue, in the case of a long stay.
- Descending - plus sign, from heaven to earth. Here verticalization of the body (spiritualization) and irradiation with cosmic, subtle vibrations take place. In this case, only filling, inspiration and replenishment is performed, but again, being at this point should be temporary.
The qualities described above refer to ordinary nodes, but in addition to them, there are also special points of force or anomalies, the impact power of which is much higher. The people call them holy and lost places. From an applied point of view, it is obvious that the potential of favorable places should be fully used, and negative zones should be avoided. However, even destructive points can either be used in a certain way, or their effect can be neutralized, in any case, our ancestors had knowledge about this, unlike us. We will talk about the practical application in a separate article. Staying in any places of power must be temporary to maintain health. An indicator of such anomalous places is relief and vegetation, which has different extremes of size or a distorted appearance.
scheme of a geobiogenic network
The cells of the biogenic network are predominantly rectangular or irregular trapezoidal; shape distortion has already been discussed earlier. First of all, these are neutral areas that do not have any active influence. The concept of scale can be attributed to cells, like lines of different categories. In this case, there will be several smaller ones inside the large cell. In general, macrostructures contain microstructures. The presence in the neutral zone is not limited by anything, it is universal in its application. It is interesting that the structure of the network is oscillatory and changes cyclically, but at the same time it is quite stable. The intensity of the various sections rises and falls, and there is also a temporary movement of nodes and lines. It can depend on the time of year and day, phases of the moon, weather and other physical phenomena. In different regions of the earth, all these processes proceed in different ways, but it is possible to identify patterns and take them into account in further design.
MEASUREMENT AND STUDIES
Everything that exists in our world can be studied and measured, whether it be material objects, force fields or something even more, the whole point is in the instruments used and the level of consciousness, we note that the mind is also an instrument. Also, the power frame can be determined different ways and fix it for further work. Theoretically, this can be done by carefully studying the landscape, vegetation and other natural manifestations, since the lines of force and nodes in them are manifested, but this method is very imprecise and laborious. Of course, clairvoyance is most effective, that is, the ability to see field formations and structures, its accuracy and objectivity are great, but this ability is now available to few people. For this reason, we are left with the old proven method, which has the modern name dowsing, previously called dowsing.
Dowsing is a very versatile way of knowing the world. With its help, you can not only explore the area, but also get answers to questions and much more. The toolkit is also quite large, from ordinary vines and wire frames to pendulums and other devices. We will not touch on the technology itself now, since this is a separate topic, but just briefly understand the essence. Objective for modern science Of course, there is no evidence of researching the territory by means of dowsing, but you can trust the experience of past generations who used this technology, and listen to your feelings when you are in different parts of the biogenic network. In any case, the architectural activity of our ancestors, based on dowsing, is available for study today, and most importantly, its usefulness for people is significantly higher than the current architecture. Almost all cities over two hundred years old around the world can serve as an example of this.
Within the framework of urban planning, biolocation is certainly a laborious process, given the measurement area, but, firstly, the technologies are not yet sufficiently developed, and secondly, the result is worth the effort. Having become widespread, dowsing can simply become an additional section of geodetic surveys, as it relates to this subject area. In any case, there is experience in drawing up reference plans with the application of a biogenic network. There are even attempts to create and real samples of devices for fixing lines of force, but they have not received wide distribution. In any case, technology and masters exist, you just need to practice and improve skills.
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
It is an obvious fact that the biogenic network affects all living things, as well as the formation of the Earth's surface. This influence can be beneficial and destructive, it manifests itself in a variety of ways. All this knowledge is needed for a full-fledged perception of reality and making a comprehensive assessment of the urban planning situation. The global goal of research is to create the most favorable living and working conditions for the population, to minimize and eliminate negative factors and to uncover favorable opportunities. The most important thing here is a sober look at all levels and forms of the manifestation of the world for subsequent activities, according to the circumstances.
The concept of planning constraints is obvious to any architect. They can be bodies of water, steep slopes of the surface, swamps, rocks, etc. But this is only the material side of the issue, which no one would think to neglect, since a city built on a swamp or mountain peaks without means of adaptation is absurd on the one hand, on the other hand, it is impossible. In short, these are just unfavorable development areas. With the metaphysical side of the world, the situation in reality is similar, only few people now take it into account. The result of this attitude is the pathogenicity of the urban environment.
In three dimensions geopathogenic zones look like columns-columns with an average diameter of 20-30 cm, most often they absorb the power of living beings, distort and destroy their body. This is expressed in the form of a distorted shape of trees, slow growth of plants, chronic diseases, etc. If geopathogenic zones are ignored, the well-being of a settlement is reduced, the impact on health and psyche is negative. The efficiency of functional areas and communications decreases. The orientation of the lines of force is also not taken into account; as a result, the roads and neighborhoods are organized contrary to the force frame, as a result of which new pathogenic zones and areas of the force field intensity are formed, since all buildings and structures also have their own fields.
As a result, unanswered questions arise, where did this or that disease come from, why does the technique break down here? And the answer is simple, everything is built in the wrong place and in the wrong direction. This can be compared to assembling a stationary computer, if the equipment and components are assembled correctly, then the drivers and software installed randomly, as a result of either failures or complete inoperability. Mention should also be made of holy places or saluberogenic zones. Their number is small, as well as the number of pathogenic zones. A stay in such a territory has a strong healing effect, improves mood and generally raises all the parameters of our triune essence. The value of these places is so great that they are usually already occupied by temples and similar structures if they are located near settlements. Obviously, here too it is necessary to know the measure of the time of stay, it is no coincidence that housing construction in such places has never been carried out.
As a result, conducting our design and construction activities taking into account the geobiogenic network, we act rationally and efficiently, this method can be called enio-design, that is, taking into account the factors of energy-information exchange. At the same time, the invisible planning constraints are fully taken into account, the geometry of the settlement is tied not only to the relief, but also to the power frame. Identification of pathogenic and saluberogenic sites allows you to avoid problems and gain useful opportunities. Force fields in buildings are distributed evenly and do not cause conflicts in the urban environment.
OUTPUT
Our earth has many levels of organization of matter and energy. Not all of them are visible to the eye, but objectively exist and exert their influence. The geobiogenic network or field structure of the Earth is arranged like a complex and multi-layer network, consisting of lines of force, nodes or points of their intersection and free cells. The form, qualities and parameters of this network are changeable and cyclical. The structure of the geobiogenic network has nodes that have a beneficial and pathogenic effect on the environment and living beings, this must be taken into account in the design and construction process. All components of the network are of different scales and have a hierarchical structure. For measuring and fixing nodes and lines of the network, the most accessible method is biolocation, the main device in which is a person, and a vine, a frame or a pendulum is an intermediary. Almost all old and ancient cities were built taking into account the energy frame of the area. Neglect of this aspect of planning conditions causes a destructive effect on the health and psyche of people, as well as a destructive effect on architecture, devices and mechanisms. Building with a geobiogenic network in mind increases the overall well-being of the population and improves the efficiency of urban processes. The world is much more complicated and interesting than we were told earlier. New knowledge should not be afraid and ignored, their practical application is expedient and proven by many generations, we just have to remember and start applying. The more we learn about the world around us, the better we understand our place in it, in all senses of the word, the more harmonious and reasonable creative activity becomes. And you always need to remember about the super task - the achievement of maximum well-being and happiness.
Isn't it “caloric” or “phlogiston” of the past centuries (http://gravitus.ucoz.ru/news/ehlektricheskij_zarjad/2014-09-06-30)?
Just think about it: "e-liquid", "e-gas", "electron cloud" ...
How can electrons flow from body to body, creating an electrifying effect?
It is a well-known fact: an electric current flows through a conductor at the speed of light. This has been proven many times by experiments. In the process of electrization of bodies, as in the process of electric current, the leading is the field interaction between atoms. Since the atom is a two-component vortex, the lines of force of the hyperbola family are closed at the speed of light. Conductors differ from dielectrics in that a single circuit is formed over the entire conductive section of the form: 
In a dielectric, a single circuit is not formed, since it is periodically interrupted by interactions of the form: 
According to Bohr's postulates, the atom must somehow react to the detachment of an electron and generate an electromagnetic quantum of disturbance. Somewhere published the results of the observed experiments with electrification? Not. Electrification is not accompanied by this effect. Moreover, the electrification of matter occurs at the speed of light. There is no process inertia. In addition, if the charge is transferred by electrons at the speed of light, then an anomaly should arise at the opposite point from the point of entry of the charge, due to the colliding electron beams. Something like the point of convergence of colliding beams of like-charged particles (electrons), which is implemented in accelerators. With all the effects accompanying this process. However, no one has ever observed such effects. Therefore, there is no "electronic liquid" flowing from body to body (and even at the speed of light!).
As follows from the electromagnetic theory of gravity, the visibility of charges is formed by variants of the vortex lines of force closure. This even explains the Volta series: every body, when touched with any of the bodies standing further in this row, electrifies positively and when touched with any of the bodies preceding it, it electrifies negatively. That is, one vortex in relation to the other can be both a "spray" and a "vacuum cleaner". As in astronomy: the Earth in relation to the Sun is a "vacuum cleaner", and in relation to the Moon - "atomizer". Potential difference - this is the difference between "spray" and "vacuum cleaner". Vortex reorientation occurs: 
For example, the Sun is an obvious "atomizer": in its depths there is an actively working thermonuclear furnace.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune (giant planets with low density of matter) have thermonuclear furnaces operating in a smoldering mode. They clearly lack something to move into the category of stars. Can they be classified as "vacuum cleaners"? I think yes. Is this not how atoms work?
From the electromagnetic theory of gravity (EMTG) it follows that the EM vortex has two components: electrical (a family of hyperbolas) and magnetic (a family of ellipses). Its instantaneous two-component "cut" in the plane can be represented in the figure:
Consider the electrical component of the vortex:
And let's pay attention to the direction of the arrows, which characterize the movement of the ether field along the lines of force.
And now - the most interesting thing: let's look at how the direction of the arrows on the lines of force changes when the picture is rotated in the XY plane.
Let's rotate the drawing 90 degrees:
As you can see, the direction of the arrows has changed to the opposite.
Now let's rotate the drawing 180 degrees: 
The direction of the arrows is the same as the original.
Accordingly, when you rotate the pattern 270 degrees
the direction of the arrows will be the same as when you rotate the pattern 90 degrees.
And now I want to remind you that the families of hyperbolas and ellipses are related. Along with the rotation of the electrical component, the rotation of the magnetic component occurs.
As you can see from the picture:
Rotating a family of ellipses 360 degrees has no symmetry, as is the case with a family of hyperbolas. Therefore, the overall pattern with two components is also not symmetrical when rotated 360 degrees.
Now let's rotate both families around the Y-axis 360 degrees.
Obviously, the family of ellipses is symmetric with this rotation and the direction of the arrows will not change.
For a family of hyperbolas, when rotated 180 degrees, the direction of the arrows changes to the opposite. BUT! As it is easy to see from the figures for the electrical component, in contrast to the three-dimensional spatial symmetry of the ellipse family, the three-dimensional spatial symmetry of the hyperbola family is NOT POSSIBLE. The family of hyperbolas is two-dimensional. Only in the process of certain dynamics is its three-dimensional functioning carried out. But this already refers to the essence of EMTG.
Sunday, 02 November 2014 15:55 ()When creating the electromagnetic theory of gravity, it was found that there are no electric charges in nature. All generators of EM fields can be roughly divided into "atomizers" and "vacuum cleaners". For example, the interaction of a "atomizer" with a "vacuum cleaner" is similar to the effect of attraction of two opposite charges, two "atomizers" create a repulsive effect, and two "vacuum cleaners" create a neutrality effect. Let's take a short excursion into history and see how the concept of electric charge was formed in physics.
The first serious scientific work in the field of electricity were carried out by Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790).
In 1746-54. he carried out a number of experimental studies that brought him wide fame. Franklin explained the action of the Leyden jar, built the first flat capacitor, consisting of two parallel metal plates separated by a glass layer, invented a lightning rod in 1750, proved in 1753 the electrical nature of lightning (experiment with a kite) and the identity of terrestrial and atmospheric electricity. In 1750 he developed the theory of electrical phenomena - the so-called “unitary theory”, according to which electricity is a special thin liquid that permeates all bodies. Each uncharged body, according to Franklin, always contains a certain amount of "electric fluid". If for some reason its excess appears in the body, then the body is charged positively, when it is lacking - negatively.
Here we see that Franklin approaches the phenomenon of electricity from a macroscopic point of view, i.e. empirically, and by “electric fluid”, up to a sign, one should understand simply electrons. This name arose for the reason that the amount of this "mysterious liquid" in the bodies could be smoothly changed: subtract or add.
In this Franklin theory, the concept of positive and negative electricity was first introduced. Based on his theory, he explained the phenomena he observed. Franklin's unitary theory contained the law of conservation of "electric fluid" or electric charge in the modern sense.
These were the first macroscopic, experimental concepts of electric fields. Subsequently, these macroscopic views were transferred to microparticles. By analogy with macroscopic bodies, physicists began to imagine microparticles only as charged with some “electric liquid”, which until recently remained a mystery.
Thus, we see that historically the concept of "electric charge" was introduced at a time when the carriers of electrical phenomena - electrons, positrons and other elementary particles - were not yet known. In this case, the charge was perceived macroscopically as some continuous substance like a liquid, which can be added or subtracted on the surface of dielectrics, i.e. how to “charge” or “discharge” the surface of glass, amber, etc. Analogs of the concept of "electric charge" can be called "caloric" or "phlogiston", which were in use at a time when physicists had a very vague idea of \u200b\u200bthermal phenomena in substances. This also includes the most common moisture, which can also be applied to the surface. solids.
Since electrical and magnetic phenomena have not been fully understood until recently, even now the concept of "electric charge" is perceived macroscopically, i.e. even elementary particles are “charged” by this “liquid”. Looking for a charge on an electron, positron, or inside a proton and neutron is just as ridiculous as looking for moisture inside the H2O water molecule.
It is enough to recall the history of caloric matter in the Middle Ages to understand how absurd it is. After all, when we talk about electromagnetic phenomena, we are really talking not about some charges, but about force interactions between particles, which are carried out through an intermediary. In this case, any conventions are removed, and we go directly to the real mechanisms of interactions. It remains only with a logical sequence to analyze the various possible variants of such interactions.
http://forum.etherdynamic.ru/showthread....-
Consider two EM vortices with two types of lines of force.
From the electromagnetic theory of gravity it follows that the EM field line of force is a channel for the movement of the ether-field (http://gravitus.ucoz.ru/news/silovye_linii_ehm_polja/2014-08-27-27). Just as there are channels in the Benard vortex:
Consider the electrical components (families of hyperbolas) of two synchronously functioning vortices:
Let us designate the source of the power lines with a "+" sign, and the drain with a "-"
and connect "+" with "-"
It turns out that the lines of force of the hyperbola family close with each other and begin to contract into an ellipse, which creates the effect of attraction:
Now let's look at how the repulsion effect works.
Consider two vortices operating in antiphase:
Let's see how their sources and sinks are located:
The channels-power lines will be connected as follows:
In this case, when the families of hyperbolas are closed, a conjugation point will appear, dividing the channels-lines of force into two independent closed channels through which the field-ether circulates in opposite directions. Two ellipses with specific dimensions and other parameters will begin to form, which will lead to repulsion:
As a result, two closed electrical components that have a mating point turn into two independent magnetic components.
In general, the earth is like a circuit with a source, a load, an inductive element and a capacitor. That is, an oscillating circuit, or a generator of a high-frequency alternating EM field. It is impossible to single out something important: all elements are constituent parts of one common chain. The result of the work of this electrical circuit is an EM vortex. All natural field generators have a similar structure: an atom, a star, a galaxy, etc. There are no black holes in nature. There is no nucleon packing in the atomic nucleus. No charges. The structure of the micro-world is similar to the structure of the macro-world. Quantum mechanics works in both the micro-world and the macro-world. Occam's razor must cut off all unnecessary entities.
So what is a "vacuum cleaner" and "atomizer"?
The modern explanation of the essence of electric charges does not differ in any way from the ancient explanations of many thousands of years. The electrification of bodies was undoubtedly known to ancient man, who observed the attraction of dust particles with a piece of amber: 
And this ancient man said that an invisible liquid is poured from body into body, which is responsible for this effect. The modern explanation of electrification was concretized: they say that electrons, like an ancient magic liquid, flow from one body to another. The body that donated some of its electrons will be positively charged, and the body that acquired them negatively. And then there is a BUT! The rest mass of an electron is 1837.14 times less than the mass of a hydrogen atom. Let us assume that the mass of an electron in an averaged atom is 10 ^ (- 4) of the mass of the atom. In the solar system, this corresponds to the (roughly) mass of the planet Uranus. Let's mentally pull Uranus out of the SS with great speed. Will the sun not react to this? According to Bohr's postulates, the atom should also react to the detachment of an electron and generate an electromagnetic quantum of disturbance. Somewhere published the results of the observed experiments? Not. Electrification is not accompanied by this effect. Moreover, the electrification of matter occurs at the speed of light (for example, the same capacitor). There is no process inertia. This means that electrification is of a field nature. There is no "e-liquid" flowing from body to body. Vortex reorientation occurs:
But in the first figure, the field-ether moves along the lines of force in one direction, and in the second - in the opposite direction. Let us recall the Volta series: every body, when touched with any of the bodies standing further in this row, is electrified positively and when touched with any of the bodies preceding it, it electrified negatively. That is, one vortex in relation to the other can be both a "spray" and a "vacuum cleaner". The Earth in relation to the Sun is a "vacuum cleaner", and in relation to the Moon - a "spray bottle". Potential difference - this is the difference between a "spray" and "vacuum cleaner". However, we came to the next question: what is the potential difference?
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