Comparative table of age adolescence maturity aging. Childhood, adolescence, adolescence, maturity, old age

“Jesus, starting His ministry, was about thirty years old,” says the evangelist Luke (Luke 3:23). 30 years is the age of the Sun at its zenith. This is no longer the rise of ripening youth and the sunset that has not begun, where the coming old age is already guessed in maturity.

Old age did not threaten Christ. The old man Christ is impossible. He is the Lamb sacrificed, and the Lamb, by definition, should be neither old, nor lame, nor sick. Therefore, He is young, perfect, beautiful and sinless.

“You are more beautiful than the sons of men; grace is poured out of your mouth ”(Ps. 44: 3).

But infancy, childhood, adolescence and youth in their turn were lived through by Jesus Christ. And once lived, then these ages of human life were sanctified by the life of the God-man. Before Christ, wisdom was mainly boasted of gray hair and experienced old age. Childhood seemed innocent but useless. Youth was noisy, impudent and lustful. Maturity tended towards everyday pragmatism. She said that the law of the Lord was good, but added in a whisper: "We consider the arrogant to be happy: those who practice iniquity are better suited, and although they tempt God, they remain whole" (Mal. 3:15).

We still suffer from all these diseases, because we do not want to be healed in Christ and Christ. The doctor has come, and whoever wants can go for healing. And those who have a hardened heart, those who have difficulty hearing with their ears and have closed their eyes, those, says the Lord, “will not understand in heart and will not turn, so that I will heal them” (Isa. 6: 10).

Childhood is characterized by weakness of the mind, ignorance. With regard to Divine objects, a person can remain a perfect child even to a ripe old age. But with proper development, childhood should pass into adolescence, and this adolescence should have a Book in its hands.

At the age of 13, according to Jewish tradition, the boy becomes the "son of the covenant." In the presence of adults and - necessarily - parents, he reads an excerpt from the Book of the Law. From that moment on, he is considered an adult and is obliged to fulfill all the commandments. Childhood - and with it ignorance - ended.

We just see the adolescent Jesus in the Jerusalem temple at the age of 12, that is, less than a year before coming of age. The Lord also does not preach anything, because because of his age he does not have the right to do so. But He "sits in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them" (Luke 2:46). He is the Word that came into the world to deliver us from speechlessness. While His fleshly age demands silence, He is silent. But He silently heals human nature. Jesus was a baby, so infant holiness is possible. He was a boy, which means that adolescent holiness became possible, and after it both youthful and mature.

Youth is hot and passionate. “Flee youthful lusts,” Paul says to Timothy (2 Tim. 2:22). Youthful lusts are all that give rise to an excess of strength in blooming flesh. Excessive strength with inexperience in life.

There is no lust in Christ. And not because He bridled the flesh by abstinence, but because His sinlessness is rooted in His divine nature. That is why He became our Brother and adopted us to His Father, so that His properties: wisdom, meekness, integrity - were communicated through faith and grace to us - His numerous relatives.

Christ lived in small and insignificant Nazareth, hearing about which, people whistled: "Can there be anything good from Nazareth?" It was that very small settlement called the "city", but more like a village, where everyone knew everyone. In villages, the walls of houses are transparent. People live in front of each other. And no one could say anything reprehensible about Jesus Christ. The whole world was silent, like a dumb one, when Christ asked: "Which of you will convict Me of sin?" There will always be silence on this question, because “He did not commit any sin, and there was no flattery in His mouth” (1 Pet. 2:22).

After childhood with his folly and adolescence with its mistakes, adult life awaits a person with its own worries and problems. In the parable of the sower, this is called “the cares of this world, deception by wealth and other desires” (Mark 4:19). They, entering the heart, "drown out the word."

A person at this age theoretically knows that “he will not live by bread alone”, but “the verbs emanating from the mouth of God,” he pushes aside for later, and he himself fusses around bread and what is to bread. It begins that I.A. Goncharov portrayed in literature under the title "Ordinary history". This is parting with ideals and the transformation of a person into a skeptic and materialist, and sometimes into a cynic, who considers himself an expert on life and an experienced person. In adulthood, they are in the majority.

Christ here heals our souls too. It shows a person the perspective of a different - eternal - life, in the light of which any wealth loses its value. It was this perspective of a different reality that gave birth to the voluntary poverty of the ascetics in Christian history and the generous alms of the pious rich. To one He says: "Give everything and follow Me." To others (Pharisees): "Give alms from what is." He looks at wealth with different eyes, in which two mites of a widow are worth more than a rich donation. He brings us true freedom from arrogance, envy, and conceited prejudice. Now in Him and with Him one can truly enrich oneself without those external attributes of wealth that press down on the earth and irritate the envy of others.

From three diseases: foolishness, lust, money-grubbing - you need to be cured all your life. They do not go away with age, like childhood illnesses or youth dreams. Although each of them has its own age. And Christ, completely healthy both in soul and in body, inseparable from the Father and free from all sin, just came to inform us, the sick, of His health. And He goes to the Cross no earlier than having passed all human ages preceding maturity.

He played as a child and worked as a young man; He drank water and breathed air; He felt hungry and muscle fatigue. He absorbed all human life into Himself and lived it without doing anything that anger the Father and separates from Him, that is, without sin.

He does not need to wait for old age, and it is hardly possible in relation to Him. According to the Divine - He is co-with the Father and is "old in days." And in humanity - "Jesus, starting His ministry, was about thirty years old."

The first attempts to describe mental development date back to very ancient times. The age periodization of development was proposed by Pythagoras, Hippocrates and Aristotle, the philosophers of China and India. As a result of numerous attempts to create age periodization, many different classifications have appeared, but even today, unfortunately, a single classification does not exist. At the same time, it is possible to note the presence of general trends in different age periodizations, as well as the proximity of some of them to each other.
Below are the most common modern age classifications.

Periodization adopted by the International Symposium on Age Periodization in Moscow (1965):
Newborn up to 10 days old.
Breast age 10 days - 1 year.
Early childhood 1-2 years.
The first period of childhood is 3–7 years old.
The second period of childhood is 8-12 years for boys, 8-11 for girls.
Adolescence is 13-16 years for boys, 12-15 for girls.
Youth age 17-21 for boys (men), 16-20 - for girls (women).
Middle (mature) age:
the first period is 22–35 years for men, 21–35 for women.
the second period is 36–60 years for men, 36–55 for women.
Elderly age
61-74 years for men, 56-74 - for women.
The old age is 75–90 years for men and women.
Centenarians are over 90 years old.

J. Birren's periodization (Birren, 1980):
The first phase is infancy, up to two years of age.
The second phase is preschool age, 2–5 years.
The third phase is childhood, 5-12 years old.
The fourth phase is adolescence, 12–17 years old.
The fifth phase is early adulthood, 17–25 years old.
The sixth phase is maturity, 25–50 years.
The seventh phase is late maturity, 50–75 years.
The eighth phase is old age, from 75 years onwards.

Periodization D. Bromley (Bromley, 1966) identifies five cycles of development: uterine, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age. Moreover, each cycle, in turn, is subdivided into several stages.
So, the "uterine" cycle consists of four stages:
zygote, embryo, fetus, moment of birth.

The childhood cycle consists of three stages:
infancy (from birth to 18 months),
preschool childhood (18 months - 5 years),
early school childhood (5-11-13 years old).

The cycle "youth" consists of two stages: senior school childhood (11-15 years), late adolescence (15-21 years).

The cycle of "adulthood" consists of four stages:
early adulthood (21-25 years old),
middle adulthood (25-40 years),
late adulthood (40–55 years),
pre-retirement age (55–65 years).

The cycle "old age" begins at age 65 and includes three stages:
retirement (65-70 years old),
old age (70 and older),
"Finish", which includes the period of old age diseases and dying.

Stages of personality development according to E. Erickson (1996):
early infancy from birth to one year;
late infancy 1-3 years;
early childhood 3-5 years;
middle childhood 5-11 years old; puberty,
adolescence and adolescence 11–20 years old;
early adulthood 20-40-45 years old;
average adulthood is 40–45 - 60 years old;
late adulthood over 60 years.

International classification (Quinn, 2000):
infancy from birth to three years;
early childhood 3–6 years old;
childhood 6-12 years old;
adolescence (youth) age 12-18 years;
youth 18–40 years old;
mature age 40–65 years;
old age from 65 years and on.

Periodization by G. Craig (Craig, 2003):
infancy from birth to two years;
early childhood 2–6 years old;
middle childhood 6-12 years old;
adolescence and adolescence 12–19 years old;
early adulthood 20–40 years old;
average adulthood is 40–60 years old;
late adulthood from 60 years onwards.

In this reference, the following periodization of the life cycle is taken as a basis, in accordance with which the corresponding chapters are written:
childhood;
adolescence;
maturity (adulthood);
late adulthood, advanced age, old age.

In turn, each of the periods consists of several stages with a number of characteristic features (Stolyarenko, 1999; Rean, 2003).

Childhood includes four stages:
1. newborn and infancy from birth to one year;
2. early, or "first", childhood 1-3 years;
3. preschool, or "second" childhood, 3–6 years old;
4. primary school, or "third", childhood 6-11-12 years.

Adolescence (adolescence) is divided into two periods:
1. junior adolescent (pubertal) 11-12-14-15 years old;
2. youthful (juvenile) 16–20 years old.

Maturity (adulthood) is divided into two periods:
1. early adulthood 20–40 years old;
2. the average adulthood is 40–60 years.

Late adulthood (advanced age) 60 years or more.

The three ages in the title of this section constitute, in essence, the entire conscious life of a person. Let's take a quick glance at them, we will reveal the most essential features of these important stages, among which maturity is the longest, it covers the lion's share of the term allotted to us.

Adolescence not so much time is allotted - from 14 to 20-22 years. This is a transitional period from dependent childhood to responsible and independent adulthood. Traits of childhood and maturity are often fused in adolescence, making up an intricate amalgam, for example, when 18-year-old dads and mothers babysit their children, while they themselves are still in the status of students and are completely in the care of their parents. In many primitive societies, youth as a special socio-cultural period does not exist at all, because people go through the ritual of initiation to adulthood and, having passed the tests, radically change the “age quality” within a few days.

Youth is a time when, on the one hand, a person is looking for his "reference group", those people with whom he identifies himself, and on the other hand, he is trying to find his own face, to understand "Who am I?" In adolescence and adolescence, a discovery of his inner world takes place - for the first time a person turns on himself, he begins to be occupied with the states of his own soul, he realizes that he is unique, inimitable, different from everyone else. True, in early youth this difference in a purely external expression is not always joyful: a young person changes bodily, sometimes becomes disproportionate, his skin deteriorates, facial features "float" and change :. just right to tell him a story about the "ugly duckling", which then will certainly become a swan. But the "swan time" has not yet arrived, and young men, experiencing a discord between external and internal, often feel a sense of loneliness: no one understands me!

In my youth, there is an awareness of the upcoming time perspective, and the question begins to worry, what is my future? The child does not think about the future, he lives for today and does not plan anything longer than a week in advance. In adolescence, however, long-term life plans arise associated with the choice of a profession, earnings, and the creation of a family. Of course, when adults ask a small child “Who will you be when you grow up?” - and they often ask similar questions - the children answer them what they want to hear, but in our youth we do not expect such questions from our elders, but we ask them ourselves ...

In addition, adolescence often not only plans a banal everyday future, but dreams of its greatness, exploits, adventures and discoveries. This is undoubtedly a contradictory position, but nothing can be done about it: sound plans and dreams go hand in hand here, and without the ambitious fantasies of youth, no successful career could take place.

Since a young person often quickly enters the "adult world", the degree of his responsibility rises sharply. By the way, during periods of difficult trials, for example, wars, children grow up much earlier, because they begin to take full responsibility for their lives and the lives of their loved ones.

Youth is a deeply philosophical age. Children, as a rule, are not very interested in philosophical questions, if the elders do not push them to do so, but already in adolescence, a person begins to ask himself: “Is there really God? Where was my I, while I was not yet born, did it really not exist at all? Does humanity have a higher purpose? " In his youth, a person discovers for himself that he is mortal, that death will be his lot, just like all other people, and does not want to come to terms with it. Young people often play with death, flaunt in front of her, wanting to prove: "I am stronger than you, bony!" Youth is looking for the meaning of life - its own and in general human. But the answer to this question of youth is what happens to a person further - years and fate give everyone their own answer.

Mature age stretches from 22 to 65-70 years, where the time after 60 is called "old age", and the most active and active mature years are called "akme". In maturity, a person is actively and comprehensively involved in social life: he works, creates a family and brings up children, is engaged in public affairs, is fond of creativity, has various "hobbies". During the Akme period, people establish diverse connections with the world, make friends and love, get the most impressions, fully realize their abilities. This is the time when a person is maximally adapted to the world, independent and has all the rights.

Maturity is distinguished by the formed, formed image of I. In childhood, a person is busy with the outside world, in his youth he is only looking for himself, but in maturity, as a rule, he has already “found himself” - he knows his pros and cons, does not rush from yearning to delight about his own person, he knows how to calm himself and, if necessary, stimulate to activity - he has a high level of self-regulation.

Maturity is a pragmatic age. Now a person must provide for himself and his family, take care of children, and possibly grandchildren, help elderly parents, so he actively sets practical goals, realizes them, fights for good material conditions, shows ingenuity in matters of arranging the economy and building a successful career. Romantic dreams and illusions were abandoned in youth, life has moved on to a utilitarian track: an adult already knows the prohibitions that society puts in front of him, and is not inclined to add mystery to a fleeting smile, or hazy words, or the moon in the sky, or a beautiful melody.

The emotionality of a mature person is usually reduced in comparison with adolescence, but logical abilities are manifested and sharpened, erudition is wide, and professional skills have been developed. Mature people lose some of their ability to play. I mean a child's play of self-worth and selfless, which is played solely for the sake of pleasure. But gambling with the possibility of winning is quite inherent in maturity. Art at this time also fades into the background - for art galleries and theaters, a person who is covered with work and home sometimes simply does not have enough time.

Maturity is the most non-philosophical age. People have no time to think about the fate of the universe, they are too caught up in relations with it. A mature person also remembers little about death - only when it is necessary to bury deceased relatives, but even then organizational chores and legal formalities come to the fore.

Of course, I would not want readers to think that any mature person is such a cold utilitarian monster. All people are different, and many retain throughout their adult life the best features of childhood and youth: there are eternal dreamers, eternal philosophers, eternal storytellers, we only highlight and describe those characteristic features that time and circumstances communicate to a person in the course of his personal temporal history ...

It is worth noting that, living through his mature period, after forty years of commercials, a person often begins to get bored and see reality in gray colors. The surroundings became familiar to him, and he no longer expects any bright positive impressions from fate. Psychotherapists recommend in this case to meditate a little - to remember some beautiful bright day of your youth or childhood and how to live it again. This renews perception and helps to notice again the beauty and mystery of the universe around you.

In adulthood - as in any other age - not all people are fully adapted to life. And the point is not only in economic poverty, but also in psychological attitudes. The figure of a neurotic, constrained internally and difficult in external communication, is by no means an invention of psychotherapists. This is a fairly large part of the population of any developed country, where people are always in a hurry, competing for a place at the top of the social pyramid, afraid of losing their job and money, and adhere to selfish positions. Neurotics feel not understood and not appreciated by the world, are in a state of constant anxiety, do not know how to love, act according to obsessive schemes. Thus, mature age in itself does not eliminate all problems, although it gives a reasonable and sane person a chance to independently seek and find ways to maximize the harmonization of his life.

Old age comes after sixty-five and becomes the last stage in which a person continues his existence until his death. Old age is the only way to live long, humanity has not yet invented another. The main thing that happens in old age is the damping of body functions, a gradual deterioration in health, which leads to an inability to work, and a change in appearance.

In the history of mankind, society has very different attitudes towards the elderly. In primitive and poor societies, where many children are born who need to be raised to their feet, and there is not enough money for everyone, the old are ballast. Then they are destroyed or they themselves voluntarily part with their families, and then with their lives. It is this kind of withdrawal from life and from the world that we see in the traditional image of the Indian sannyasin - the patriarch of the family, who, seeing that he cannot be useful, goes into the forest of his own free will - so as not to disturb the young.

And in those archaic societies where the experience passed down from generation to generation is especially important, the old people, on the contrary, are viewed as the "golden fund" of the clan or tribe, which must be protected and listened to. So among the majority of mountain peoples, old people are held in high esteem - they know all the secrets of the mountains.

In modern society, the status of an old person depends primarily on his material security. If an old man is weak and poor, he is assessed as “dropped out of the run of life,” as an outsider, and his life is most often unenviable. If an old person is rich or just well-off, then he, on the contrary, can be assessed as “free from the running of life,” as someone who can finally do not earn money, but what he wants: to draw, write novels, travel travel around the world. If you maintain your health in a wealthy old age, it can bring many more varied joys and pleasures, which you might not even have dreamed of in your youth.

Old age is characterized by the perfection of fate, embodied in the results of labor. As a rule, by this time a person had already, figuratively speaking, “built a house, planted a tree and gave birth to a son,” that is, he had realized his strength and abilities in different areas. It evokes calmness and satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment. In addition, experience has been accumulated in a subjective form, which old people are trying to pass on to new generations - children and grandchildren. Since in old age a person most often becomes weak, he moves away from active professional and social activities. Pension laws of different countries define the time when citizens retire in different ways, but in most cases, when they feel well, old people can continue to participate in public life in various forms. Great opportunities for self-realization are preserved in old age by people of creative professions - writers, artists, theoretical scientists, whose creativity does not depend on a large number of transcending conditions.

A very sad experience of old age is the understanding of the narrowing of the time perspective: a really old person realizes that he can live another 5-10 years, but hardly longer. In old age, there is no such feeling of “endless horizons” that so inspires youth.

Different people experience old age very differently. Extremes can be observed here. So some old people are carried away by the past, they are not at all interested in the present, others, on the contrary, live in the present and still make plans; some easily take on their new look, believing that wrinkles and gray hair are normal, these are just signs of age, others strive to preserve their youthful appearance, and sometimes resort to a variety of means - from ordinary gymnastics to cosmetic surgeries. Probably, the golden mean turns out to be a wise approach, in which a person strives not to grow old either in body or soul, but at the same time does not artificially rejuvenate, does not play "like a girl" or "like a boy", causing the younger generations to laugh. Almost everyone has to get used to illnesses as a norm, to adapt to drink a lot of drugs and constantly maintain health. Some people find real advantages in a state of old age: this is the ability to understand life, free time, the discovery of the beauty of nature, which manifested itself when the passionate search for youth faded into the past. In old age, people write memoirs, read books, go for walks - doing what they previously postponed "for later." Old age has only one fundamental disadvantage - it also ends.

Childhood

Lasts the first thirteen years of a person's life. No living creature has such a long stage of maturation. A human child is born more helpless than baby animals, in addition, he has to live in an extremely complex and changing environment - society, hence such a long development period. In childhood, up to about 5 years of age, the personality is formed by 70%. It is worth delaying socialization, as irreversible processes begin.

Youth

Starts at age 13. During this period, important physiological changes and mental shifts occur - a tendency to the opposite sex, an increase in aggressiveness, a tendency to take risks, a desire for independence, independence. If children are obedient, assess the world through the eyes of parents and teachers, then adolescents strive to create their own value system. In adolescence, the creation of the social "I" is completed, a worldview is formed. The main difficulty is role conflict. In legal terms, adolescents are viewed as children, in psychological terms, they are already ripe for making important decisions. Role-playing powerlessness and lack of experience push young people to extreme forms of behavior: crime, drug addiction, sexual freedom, etc.

Maturity

The signs of maturity are the economic, political and social independence of a person. A very important indicator is marriage, because for the first time a young person turns from an object of socialization into her agent - first in relation to his spouse / spouse /, then - to a child.

The socialization of adults has its own specifics. The American sociologist O. Brim Jr. showed that it is expressed mainly in a change in their external behavior, and in the course of the socialization of children, value orientations are formed. Socialization of adults is aimed at helping a person to master certain skills and takes place in the form of retraining. A.I. Kravchenko argues that this process falls into two stages: Stage I - desocialization - weaning from old norms, values, roles; Stage II - re-socialization - teaching new norms, values, roles. Sometimes a person finds himself in such extreme conditions that desocialization goes too deep, destroying the moral foundations of the personality, and resocialization can neither restore what was lost, nor give something new. This happens to people who have ended up in prisons, colonies, concentration camps, psychiatric hospitals, and sometimes in the army.

Old age

Adjusting to old age is not necessarily a growth process. Personal development can stop or even reverse due to the weakening of the physical and psychological capabilities of a person, which often occurs in old age. With retirement, the status changes - from the employee and the breadwinner to the consumer. In modern society, even the roles of older people are not clearly defined. A widow is no longer a wife, a retired official is no longer a vice president. If in traditional society the old people act as advisers, sages, mentors, then in modern society they do not enjoy special prestige or honor. They have a growing sense of isolation, dependence on others, life plans disappear. By the age of seventy, a person, as a rule, begins socialization for death - preparation moral and material - for the end of life.

Socialization agents

Since socialization is divided into two types - primary and secondary, insofar as its agents are divided into primary and secondary.

Primary socialization agents- parents, peers, relatives, favorite teachers, personal trainers, family doctors, leaders of youth groups.

Secondary socialization agents- the administration of a school, university, enterprise, army, police, church, state, employees of the media (media), party leaders, etc. They are also called institutions of socialization.

The agents of primary socialization most strongly affect a person in the first half of life, although their diminishing influence persists in the second. Institutions of socialization prevail in the second half of a person's life. The former perform each set of functions (mother-guardian, administrator, educator, teacher, friend, etc.), the latter - one, two (media - information, indoctrination).

Among the agents of primary socialization, parents and peers - friends - are in a superior position. Parents want their child to strive to be like adults, and from peers he learns to be a child. Parents punish him for erroneous decisions, for bad marks, for violation of moral principles and norms; peers are either indifferent to his mistakes or approve of them. Peers perform an important function - they facilitate the transition from child dependence to adulthood, teach to be a leader, to achieve dominance over others - which parents obviously cannot teach. Therefore, parents often look at their children's peers as competitors for influence.

The functions of agents of primary socialization are interchangeable, institutions are not. This is explained by the fact that the former are universal, while the latter are not. Thus, the functions of parents and relatives are interchangeable, but the headmaster cannot replace the prime minister. In addition, the socialization activities of the primary agents are not paid, in contrast to the second ones.

Initial (primary) socialization - the area of interpersonal relations and prescribed statuses - is basic in the process of formation, learning and adaptation of the social "I". Secondary continued socialization is the area of formal social relations and achieved statuses.

When thinking about what youth is, romantic songs, poems of poets, dating under the moon, great hopes and unlimited possibilities immediately come to mind. However, this is just an outer shell. Youth is a rather interesting and difficult period for psychologists to study.

What is youth: definition

Adolescence is a stage in the physical maturation of a person, as well as in the development of personality, which lies between childhood and adulthood. From the point of view of psychology, this is a transition from dependence inherent in a child to independence and responsibility inherent in mature people. From the point of view of physiology, at this moment, physical and puberty is completed. Also, achievement is characterized by such a concept as "youth" or "youth". Age boundaries are determined by the interval from 14 to 18 years old, if we are talking about Russian psychology. Foreign experts believe that adolescence begins at the age of 16.

Approaches to the problem of adolescence

Taking into account the need to acquire a profession, young age is accompanied by continuous learning. At the same time, it becomes more profound and conscious than at an earlier age. It is characterized by the following features:

wide and deep perception of educational material aimed at the formation of future professional knowledge;
in addition to passive perception of information, the individual resorts to an active and independent search for it.

Social motives of adolescence

Childhood, adolescence, maturity - each of the periods of a person's life is characterized by certain motives that determine his activities. Young people are full of aspirations and hopes for the future. In this regard, they are guided by the following factors:

conviction of the need for continuous development, which is achieved through continuing education;
professional self-determination, caused by the need to prepare for further independent life;
social motivation caused by the desire to benefit others.

Factors of choosing a future profession

Considering that a young man in his youth must choose a future occupation, psychologists pay great attention to motives. So, the main factors of choice are the following:

social - prestige and the opportunity to take a worthy place in society;
personal - the presence of qualities and character traits necessary for a particular profession;
material - an opportunity to provide yourself and your family with a dignified existence.

Main problems

A period such as adolescence is characterized by a mass of life-giving problems. The years of a young person's life are made up of many key questions, the main of which are the following:

a preliminary choice of a future profession, which consists of a life position, abilities and a priority area of knowledge;
adherence to values that determine public consciousness, as well as interpersonal relationships;
the growth of social activity, which does not lie in a banal interest, but in the desire to take a direct part in events;
formation of a worldview on fundamental issues;
expansion of the sphere of interests, as well as life needs, which leads to the need for more material resources;
social orientation of the individual, which implies the search for his place in society;
search for an answer to the question about the meaning of life and the purpose of a person in it.

Formation of the personality of a young man

A young man at a certain moment takes the path of self-consciousness formation, which is inextricably linked with the formation of the so-called "I". It takes place in the following areas:

the formation of a different attitude to the emotional sphere (feelings become not just a reaction to external events, but personal characteristics);
awareness of the irreversible passage of time (this fact makes the young man think more seriously about his future and drawing up an individual life plan);
the formation of a holistic view not only of your body and internal structure, but also of moral, volitional and intellectual qualities.

Interpersonal relationships

During adolescence, a young man begins to reconsider relationships with others, in particular with peers. So, they are divided into two categories - friends and comrades. The first are the closest ones, those who have earned devotion and respect. With all the other peers, young people build companionship, which implies courteous treatment, mutual respect and mutual assistance.

Communication tactics and building relationships with peers are built, largely based on future well-being (both psychological and physical). The most interesting and "useful" people remain in the social circle. Others find themselves in a kind of emotional isolation. However, youthful friendships are often idealized and illusory.

Also, for a young age, the emergence of such a deep feeling as love is characteristic. This is due not only to the completion of puberty, but also to the desire to have a loved one with whom you can share problems and joyful events. The beloved person is a kind of ideal, both in terms of personal and external qualities.

Youth in the modern world

What is a dynamic category that is not persistent. Over time, with the development of society, it changes significantly. So, due to the rapidly growing acceleration, adolescence begins much earlier. But social maturity comes a little later. This is to some extent due to the fact that modern parents take care of children for much longer.

As at any other time, young people strive for work with the aim of independently supporting themselves with money. Nevertheless, the current tendency is that young men do not want to do "dirty work" that brings little income and determines a low social status. There is a tendency to want to get everything at once.

conclusions

Youth is the most wonderful time in a person's life. It is associated not only with romantic feelings and dreams, but also with great opportunities in terms of organizing your future. Psychological research and advice helps to steer young people in the right direction and push them to make the right decisions.