What are figurative comparisons? examples. What is a comparison in the literature and what is it used for?

Writing, as mentioned in this is an interesting creative process with its own characteristics, tricks and subtleties. And one of the most effective ways highlighting the text from the general mass, giving it uniqueness, unusualness and the ability to arouse genuine interest and a desire to read in full are literary writing techniques. They have been in use at all times. First, directly by poets, thinkers, writers, authors of novels, short stories and other works of art. Nowadays, they are actively used by marketers, journalists, copywriters, and indeed all those people who from time to time need to write a bright and memorable text. But with the help of literary techniques, you can not only decorate the text, but also give the reader the opportunity to more accurately feel what exactly the author wanted to convey, look at things with.

It doesn’t matter if you are a professional writer, taking your first steps in writing, or creating a good text just appears on your list of duties from time to time, in any case, it is necessary and important to know what literary techniques a writer has. The ability to use them is a very useful skill that can be useful to everyone, not only in writing texts, but also in ordinary speech.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the most common and effective literary techniques. Each of them will be provided with a vivid example for a more accurate understanding.

Literary devices

Aphorism

• “To flatter is to tell a person exactly what he thinks of himself” (Dale Carnegie)
• "Immortality costs us our lives" (Ramon de Campoamor)
• "Optimism is the religion of revolutions" (Jean Banvill)

Irony

Irony is a mockery in which the true meaning is opposed to the real meaning. This creates the impression that the subject of the conversation is not what it seems at first glance.

• The phrase said to the loafer: “Yes, I see you are working tirelessly today”
• A phrase said about rainy weather: "The weather is whispering"
• The phrase said to a man in a business suit: "Hi, are you jogging?"

Epithet

An epithet is a word that defines an object or action and at the same time emphasizes its feature. With the help of an epithet, you can give an expression or phrase a new shade, make it more colorful and bright.

• Proud warrior, stay strong
• Suit fantastic colors
• beauty girl unprecedented

Metaphor

A metaphor is an expression or word based on the comparison of one object with another on the basis of their common features, but used in a figurative sense.

• Nerves of steel
• The rain is drumming
• Eyes on the forehead climbed

Comparison

Comparison is a figurative expression that connects various objects or phenomena with the help of some common features.

• From the bright light of the sun, Eugene was blind for a minute. like mole
• My friend's voice was like creak rusty door loops
• The mare was frisky How blazing Fire campfire

allusion

An allusion is a special figure of speech that contains an indication or hint of another fact: political, mythological, historical, literary, etc.

• You are just a great schemer (a reference to the novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov "The Twelve Chairs")
• They made the same impression on these people as the Spaniards on the Indians. South America(reference to historical fact the conquest of South America by the conquistadors)
• Our trip could be called "The Incredible Movements of Russians in Europe" (a reference to the film by E. Ryazanov "The Incredible Adventures of Italians in Russia")

Repeat

Repetition is a word or phrase that is repeated several times in one sentence, giving additional semantic and emotional expressiveness.

• Poor, poor little boy!
• Scary, how scared she was!
• Go, my friend, go ahead boldly! Go boldly, don't be shy!

personification

Personification is an expression or word used in a figurative sense, by means of which the properties of animate are attributed to inanimate objects.

• Snowstorm howls
• Finance sing romances
• Freezing painted window patterns

Parallel designs

Parallel constructions are voluminous sentences that allow the reader to create an associative link between two or three objects.

• “The waves are splashing in the blue sea, the stars are shining in the blue sea” (A.S. Pushkin)
• “A diamond is polished by a diamond, a line is dictated by a line” (S.A. Podelkov)
• “What is he looking for in a distant land? What did he throw in his native land? (M.Yu. Lermontov)

Pun

A pun is a special literary technique in which different meanings of the same word (phrases, phrases) that are similar in sound are used in one context.

• The parrot says to the parrot: "Parrot, I will parrot you"
• It was raining and my father and I
• “Gold is valued by weight, and by pranks - by a rake” (D.D. Minaev)

Contamination

Contamination is the appearance of one new word by combining two others.

• Pizza boy - pizza delivery boy (Pizza (pizza) + Boy (boy))
• Pivoner - beer lover (Beer + Pioneer)
• Batmobile - Batman's car (Batman + Car)

Streamlined Expressions

Streamlined expressions are phrases that do not express anything specific and hide the personal attitude of the author, veil the meaning or make it difficult to understand.

• We will change the world for the better
• Permissible loss
• It's neither good nor bad

Gradations

Gradations are a way of constructing sentences in such a way that homogeneous words in them increase or decrease the semantic meaning and emotional coloring.

• “Higher, faster, stronger” (J. Caesar)
• Drop, drop, rain, downpour, that's pouring like a bucket
• “He was worried, worried, went crazy” (F.M. Dostoevsky)

Antithesis

Antithesis is a figure of speech that uses a rhetorical opposition of images, states or concepts that are interconnected by a common semantic meaning.

• “Now an academician, now a hero, now a navigator, now a carpenter” (A.S. Pushkin)
• “Who was nobody, he will become everything” (I.A. Akhmetiev)
• “Where the table was food, there is a coffin” (G.R. Derzhavin)

Oxymoron

An oxymoron is a stylistic figure that is considered a stylistic mistake - it combines incompatible (opposite in meaning) words.

• Zombie
• Hot Ice
• Beginning of the End

So what do we see as a result? The amount of literary devices is amazing. In addition to those listed by us, one can name such as parcellation, inversion, ellipsis, epiphora, hyperbole, litote, periphrase, synecdoche, metonymy and others. And it is this diversity that allows any person to apply these techniques everywhere. As already mentioned, the "sphere" of application of literary techniques is not only writing, but also oral speech. Supplemented with epithets, aphorisms, antitheses, gradations and other techniques, it will become much brighter and more expressive, which is very useful in mastering and developing. However, we must not forget that the abuse of literary techniques can make your text or speech pompous and by no means as beautiful as you would like. Therefore, you should be restrained and careful when applying these techniques so that the presentation of information is concise and smooth.

For a more complete assimilation of the material, we recommend that you, firstly, familiarize yourself with our lesson on, and secondly, pay attention to the writing style or speech of prominent personalities. There are many examples, from ancient Greek philosophers and poets to the great writers and orators of our time.

We will be very grateful if you take the initiative and write in the comments about what other literary techniques of writers you know, but which we did not mention.

We would also like to know if reading this material was useful for you?

Comparison- it's special literary device, based on a comparison of two objects or phenomena, between which it is possible to establish an equalizing relationship. With the help of comparison, artistic speech becomes more vivid and expressive, the character of the characters is revealed most fully.

Comparisons are created in the literature in several ways:

With comparative conjunctions as if, as if, exactly etc.

Instrumental form.

The comparative degree of an adjective or adverb.

With the help of words similar and like.

Some comparisons due to the frequent use of steel set expressions, therefore, from comparisons they turned into phraseological units. For example:

Comparison in Russian means the comparison of various objects or phenomena in order to explain the object with another object or one phenomenon with another phenomenon. In other words, comparison means the likening of one object to another by identifying common features or features.

Here are some examples:

Sunny smile - here the smile is compared with the sun, meaning the same bright, warm.

His eyes are as deep as the sea - the eyes are compared to the depths of the sea;

She is as beautiful as a May rose - she is compared to a May rose.

In russian language comparisons(lat. comparatio) is one of the artistic stylistic devices designed to more fully express one's thoughts, so that the reader vividly imagines the pictures and events described. This is likening, contrasting two different objects, in order to then assert that they are similar or different, revealing their common features.

1.Simple Comparison Method- with the use of words: as, exactly, as if, as if, as if.

Rose petals are red in the snow, How drops of blood.

E eyes were shining as if diamonds.

She was so thin like reed.

The face was so white exactly carved from marble.

2.Indirect comparison method(used with a noun in the instrumental case)

He lived hamster- Sun pulled into his mink. Compare: He lived, How hamster. those. the previous words are not applied, but implied.

3.Unionless comparisons:

My home is my castle.

4.Comparison by metaphor(Used in a figurative sense of the expression).

AND. Typical metaphor- We read from A. Blok The streams of my poems run - poems are called streams.

B. Negative metaphor- More often in ancient Russian epics, songs and tales - It’s not thunder that rattles, it’s not a mosquito squeaks, it’s godfather dragging pike perch to godfather.

AT. Comparisons - set phrases - comparisons:

Sweet as honey, sour as vinegar, bitter as pepper.

G. Comparisons with animals:

Line M.Yu. Lermontov: Harun ran faster than a doe, faster than a hare from an eagle

D. Comparisons - frightening visual images:

It looks like fate, you are a market butcher, whose knife is bloodied from tip to shank (Khakani).

The writer's talent is manifested in the ability to use comparisons, and therefore one has bright pictures, while the other has incoherent babble.

It is the process of comparing several objects and their qualities/characteristics. For example, in literature it is often used to give the story even more expressiveness.

There are several types of comparisons (for example, with the help of unions AS, AS, etc.; with the help of metaphors, etc.):

For example,

He is strong as a bull.

Comparison in any language (and in Russian - in particular) is, in essence, rhetorical figure, which is formed by various linguistic primas. This term can be called both linguistic and literary at the same time. Any trope, including comparison, is studied in vocabulary, but is also used in spoken language, and in any other styles; and in fiction.

Students can explain it like this:

In order to figuratively and beautifully compare two (or several) people, animals, two objects or two qualities, writers and poets use comparisons.

Comparisons and metaphors are different language concepts, so they should not be confused. Otherwise we will make a mistake.

Since the question has been sent to the zone of the Russian language, in particular syntax, then, considering comparisons, it is necessary now to dwell on the linguistic prima of comparison.

Here are some of my examples with explanations:

1. Natasha's cheeks turned pink, as if (as if, like, as if, as if, exactly) two apples (the usual, simplest comparison, using a comparing union).
2. Natasha's cheeks looked like (looked like) two pink apples (the same simple comparison, but other parts of speech instead of unions).
3. Natasha's cheeks turned pink with red apples (the object with which the comparison is being made is put in the instrumental case).
4. Natasha's apple cheeks turned pink more and more (the two objects being compared are connected by a hyphen).
5. Natasha's apple cheeks turned pinker than ever (an unusual definition is used for comparison purposes).

• Comparison is a stylistic device in the language, when a phenomenon or concept is clarified, clarified by comparing it with another phenomenon or concept. Comparisons can be negative, expanded.

  Examples of comparisons and ways to express them:

  

  Comparison is a stylistic device that is based on a figurative comparison of states or several objects. Comparisons are very often used by writers in their creations and this very well expresses their subtext. For example, the words of A. S. Pushkin

  Also in nature very well expressed and applied

  Comparison- Identification of a common feature by comparing (likening) one phenomenon to another. Stylistic device in Russian language and literature. It is separated by commas in the letter. Comparison can be simple (as if, as if) or indirect.

  Comparison in Russian is a stylistic device by which one can describe the properties of one object by comparing its qualities with another. There are various methods of comparison in Russian, for example, using degrees of qualitative adjectives:

  • positive degree (qualitative);
  • comparative (higher quality);
  • excellent (highest quality).

  There is also a figurative comparison. An example of such a comparison can be found in books - this is when a certain object is compared with a certain image. For example: The weather is cold, like in winter. Here the word weather is a subject of comparison, but like in winter it is an image.

  Comparison in Russian is a comparison in oral or written speech of two objects or phenomena that have common features. It can also be used to explain one phenomenon in terms of another.

  Comparison examples.

TROPE

Trope is a word or expression used figuratively to create artistic image and achieve greater expressiveness. Pathways include techniques such as epithet, comparison, personification, metaphor, metonymy, sometimes referred to as hyperbolas and litotes. None piece of art not without paths. The artistic word is polysemantic; the writer creates images, playing with the meanings and combinations of words, using the environment of the word in the text and its sound - all this makes up the artistic possibilities of the word, which is the only tool of the writer or poet.
Note! When creating a trail, the word is always used in a figurative sense.

Consider different types trails:

EPITHET(Greek Epitheton, attached) - this is one of the tropes, which is an artistic, figurative definition. An epithet can be:
adjectives: gentle face (S. Yesenin); these poor villages, this meager nature ... (F. Tyutchev); transparent maiden (A. Blok);
participles: edge abandoned(S. Yesenin); frantic dragon (A. Blok); takeoff radiant(M. Tsvetaeva);
nouns, sometimes together with their surrounding context: Here it is, leader without squad(M. Tsvetaeva); My youth! My dove is swarthy!(M. Tsvetaeva).

Each epithet reflects the uniqueness of the author's perception of the world, therefore it necessarily expresses some kind of assessment and has a subjective meaning: a wooden shelf is not an epithet, so there is no artistic definition, a wooden face is an epithet that expresses the impression of the interlocutor speaking about the facial expression, that is, creating an image.
There are stable (permanent) folklore epithets: remote burly kind well done, clear the sun, as well as tautological, that is, epithets-repetitions that have the same root with the word being defined: Oh you, grief is bitter, boredom is boring, mortal! (A. Blok).

In a work of art An epithet can perform various functions:

• characterize the subject: shining eyes, eyes diamonds;
• create atmosphere, mood: gloomy morning;
• convey the attitude of the author (narrator, lyrical hero) to the subject being characterized: "Where will our prankster"(A. Pushkin);
• combine all previous functions in equal proportions (in most cases, the use of the epithet).

Note! Everybody color terms in a literary text are epithets.

COMPARISON- this is an artistic technique (tropes), in which an image is created by comparing one object with another. Comparison differs from other artistic comparisons, for example, similes, in that it always has a strict formal feature: a comparative construction or a turnover with comparative conjunctions. as, as if, as if, exactly, as if and the like. Type expressions he looked like... cannot be considered a comparison as a trope.

Comparison examples:

Comparison also plays certain roles in the text: sometimes authors use the so-called extended comparison, revealing various signs of a phenomenon or conveying one's attitude to several phenomena. Often the work is entirely based on comparison, as, for example, V. Bryusov's poem "Sonnet to Form":

PERSONALIZATION- an artistic technique (tropes), in which an inanimate object, phenomenon or concept is given human properties (do not confuse, it is human!). Personification can be used narrowly, in one line, in a small fragment, but it can be a technique on which the whole work is built (“You are my abandoned land” by S. Yesenin, “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Violin and a little nervously” by V. Mayakovsky and others). Personification is considered one of the types of metaphor (see below).

Impersonation task- correlate the depicted object with a person, make it closer to the reader, figuratively comprehend the inner essence of the object, hidden from everyday life. Personification is one of the oldest figurative means of art.

HYPERBOLA(Greek Hyperbole, exaggeration) is a technique in which an image is created through artistic exaggeration. Hyperbole is not always included in the set of tropes, but by the nature of the use of the word in a figurative sense to create an image, hyperbole is very close to tropes. A technique opposite to hyperbole in content is LITOTES(Greek Litotes, simplicity) is an artistic understatement.

Hyperbole allows the author to show the reader in exaggerated form the most specific traits depicted subject. Often, hyperbole and litotes are used by the author in an ironic vein, revealing not just characteristic, but negative, from the author's point of view, sides of the subject.

METAPHOR(Greek Metaphora, transfer) - a type of so-called complex trope, speech turnover, in which the properties of one phenomenon (object, concept) are transferred to another. Metaphor contains a hidden comparison, a figurative likening of phenomena through the use of figurative meaning words, what the object is compared with is only implied by the author. No wonder Aristotle said that "to compose good metaphors means to notice similarities."

Metaphor examples:

METONYMY(Greek Metonomadzo, rename) - type of trail: a figurative designation of an object according to one of its signs.

Examples of metonymy:

When studying the topic "Means artistic expressiveness"and completing assignments, pay special attention to the definitions of the above concepts. You must not only understand their meaning, but also know the terminology by heart. This will protect you from practical mistakes: firmly knowing that the comparison technique has strict formal features (see theory on topic 1), you will not confuse this technique with a number of other artistic techniques, which are also based on the comparison of several objects, but are not a comparison.

Please note that you must start your answer either with the suggested words (by rewriting them), or with your own version of the beginning of the full answer. This applies to all such assignments.

Recommended literature:

• Literary criticism: Reference materials. - M., 1988.
• Polyakov M. Rhetoric and Literature. Theoretical aspects. - In the book: Questions of Poetics and Artistic Semantics. - M.: Sov. writer, 1978.
• Dictionary literary terms. - M., 1974.

To make the text expressive, deep and interesting to read, the authors use means of artistic expression when writing. Today we will talk about what a comparison is in literature.

Comparison in literary work is a means of artistic expression that helps to enhance the meaning of an action, object or event.

The purpose of use is to reveal the personality of a character or event, its deep motives. The role of comparison is determined by the author.

The main feature is the use of prepositions: as if, as, as if, exactly, similar to, exactly, as if, like that. The comparative construction is easy to detect thanks to prepositions.

Now let's give a definition of what a comparison is in Russian. This is the name of the stylistic device of likening one object to another, highlighting their common meaning. The role of comparison in the work is quite significant.

Note! Comparisons in a literary text are often used for a deeper understanding of the character, his thoughts, character and intentions.

Literary examples

Let us give examples of comparisons from works written in verse.

“See how calm! The pulse of the dead” (“Cloud in pants”, V. Mayakovsky).

“I was like a horse driven in soap, spurred by a brave rider” (“Letter to a Woman”, S. Yesenin)

“Horse in soap” is an idiom that emphasizes the hustle and bustle of a person, bringing him only stress and fatigue. In this case, the trope is used to show a lyrical hero who lived in a crazy rhythm, on the verge of life and death.

His emotions and feelings were subjected to severe blows from the heroine to whom the poem is dedicated. In this case, the woman is a brave rider who is not afraid to kill the horse, continuing to ride it (figuratively), that is, continuing to play on the feelings of the lyrical hero.

“-Because I am a tart sadness, I made him drunk” (“She squeezed her hands under a dark veil”,)

Here Akhmatova shows the degree of emotional explosion of the lyrical hero, which is indicated in the poem by the pronoun "he". Drunk drunk - knocked out of balance with her own words. When a person is drunk, he does not control himself and can perform spontaneous actions, the same thing happened with the lyrical hero:

“How can I forget? He walked out, staggering .. "

The heroine said something to him that served as a serious blow and forced him to leave the room “staggering”, with his mouth twisted painfully. The epithets "came out staggering" and "contorted painfully" emphasize the above.

“And the queen over the child, Like an eagle over an eaglet” (the tale of Tsar Saltan, A.S. Pushkin)

Pushkin shows the tsarina's serious and reverent attitude towards her children. Eagles approach children responsibly, from choosing a partner, ending with a nest and raising.

“I am tenderly, silently, tenderly Admiring you like a child!” (“Recognition”, A.S. Pushkin)

Children are the most sincere and pure people. Their brains are not yet corrupted by bad thoughts, impure intentions and the search for profit. When they rejoice or admire something, they are so helplessly beautiful in their manifestation of feelings that it is impossible not to notice. In this poem, the lyrical hero experiences such strong and pure feelings that he is compared with a child.

“And how it speaks, Like a river murmurs.” (tale about, A.S. Pushkin)

The murmur of the river soothes, I want to listen endlessly. With a similar comparison, A.S. Pushkin emphasizes a beautiful and coherent speech, which can be heard.

And now we give examples of comparisons in the literature. Take for this the famous novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy.

"Cranked up a steady, decent talking machine."

Lev Nikolaevich clearly demonstrates what a comparison is in literature - this technique in the epic novel was found on almost every second page. In this case, Anna Pavlovna Scherer is compared not with nature or animals, but with an inanimate object - a talking machine.

Anna Scherer serves as an intermediary between people's conversations. If you recall the novel, then it was with her submission that conversations, acquaintances began, and circles were formed.

“His words and actions poured out of him as evenly, as necessary and immediately, as a scent separates from a flower.”

This is the opinion that Pierre had about Platon Karataev. The smell from the flower is separated continuously and uncontrollably. Such an accurate description shows the character of Plato, who always backs up words with actions and does not make him doubt himself. A detailed comparison was used, as suggested by the adverbs “necessary” and “directly”. The author already explains the use of the trope.

“And Natasha, opening her big mouth and becoming completely ugly, roared like a child, not knowing the reason and only because Sonya was crying”

The child is associated with purity and spontaneity. They can sincerely worry and cry from what is bad for others. Children take everything to heart, without dirty intentions. The path is used to understand Natasha - she is pure, bright, her brain is not defiled by rotten thoughts and double standards, she is not looking for profit, but lives as if tomorrow does not exist.

Examples from the novel Anna Karenina ().

“The man who calmly crossed the bridge, and then saw that this bridge was dismantled and that there was an abyss. This abyss absorbs him.”

So Lev Nikolayevich demonstrates Alexander, Anna's husband, presenting a figurative character. He does not look around, he is deep in himself and refuses to understand what is happening to him, ignoring what is happening.

He feels like a separate person, for whom everything around does not exist - a walking wife, family and bad words of the environment, nevertheless he is drowning and does not understand the depth of this abyss himself.

“The recollection of the harm done to her husband aroused in her a feeling similar to disgust and similar to what a drowning person would experience if he had torn off a person clinging to him.”

The image of Anna is compared with a figurative character who, in the name of his chance at life, rejects another drowning person. Will he be saved? - a rhetorical question. Anna appears to be selfish, but there is also something human in her - she reproaches herself for what she has done and bears full responsibility for it.

To understand why the author uses the trope, it is necessary to read the work or part of it in its entirety, not forgetting the author's irony. For example, you need to understand what a telephone means when describing Anna Pavlovna Sherer. Read the entirety of at least 5 pages. If you pull out only tropes from the text, then the meaning and attitude of the author is barely perceptible.

Important! How to find tropes if there is no time to reread the text: pay attention to prepositions. They often give out means of artistic expression.

Useful video

Output

Any character can be compared to understand his deepest motives and his personal qualities. To find this trope in the text, pay attention to the prepositions and sentences.

Literature (real) is the true art of creating texts, the creation of a new object through words. As in any complex craft, literature has its own special techniques. One of them is "comparison". With its help, for greater expressiveness or ironic contrast, certain objects, their qualities, people, and traits of their character are compared.

The kettle, with its upturned trunk, puffed on the stove like a young elephant rushing to a watering place..

─ Ironic assimilation of a small inanimate object to a large animal by comparing the long spout of a teapot and an elephant's trunk.

Comparison: definition

There are at least three definitions of comparison in the literature.

For a literary text, the first definition will be more correct. But the most talented authors of fiction successfully work with the second and third definitions, the role of comparison in the text is so great. Examples of comparisons in literature and folklore of the last two types:

He is stupid as an oak, but cunning as a fox.

Unlike Afanasy Petrovich, Igor Dmitrievich was thin in physique, like a mop handle, just as straight and elongated.

In growth, the pygmies of the Congo Delta are like children, their skin is not black like that of Negroes, but yellowish, like fallen leaves.

In the latter case, along with the use of "negative comparison" ("not"), direct similitude ("as if") is combined.

The Russian language is so rich that the authors of works of art use a huge number of types of comparisons. Philologists can only roughly classify them. Modern philology distinguishes the following two main types of comparison and four more comparisons in fiction.

• Direct. In this case, comparative turns (conjunctions) “as if”, “like”, “exactly”, “as if” are used. He bared his soul in front of him, as a nudist exposes his body on the beach.
• Indirect. With this assimilation, prepositions are not used. The hurricane swept all the garbage from the streets with a giant janitor.

In the second sentence, the compared noun ("hurricane") is used in nominative case, and what is compared (“a janitor”) is in the creative. Other types:

As far back as the 19th century, the philologist and Slavist M. Petrovsky singled out “Homeric” or “epic” assimilation from detailed comparisons in literature. In this case, the author of the literary text, not caring about brevity, expands the comparison, digressing from the main storyline, from the compared object as far as his imagination will allow. Examples are easy to find in the Iliad or postmodernists.

Ajax rushed at the enemies, like a starving lion at the frightened huddled, lost shepherd sheep, which were left unguarded defenseless, like children without supervision, and can only timidly moan and back away in fear of the lion's thirst for blood and murder, which seizes the predator like madness, intensifying when he senses the horror of the doomed...

It is better not to resort to the epic type of comparisons for a novice writer of literary texts. The young writer must wait until his literary prowess and sense of artistic harmony have grown. Otherwise, an inexperienced beginner himself will not notice how, winding one on top of the other, like threads from different balls, such “free associations” will carry him away from the plot of his main narrative, creating semantic confusion. So comparisons in a literary text can not only simplify the understanding of the described subject (a tiger is a huge predatory cat), but also confuse the narration.

Comparison in verse

The role of literary comparison in poetry is especially important. The poet uses the richness of the language to create a unique and aesthetically valuable work of art, or rather to convey his idea to the reader.

We are often hard and bad

From the tricks of a tricky fate,

But we, with the obedience of camels

We carry our humps.

With these lines, the poet explains to the reader his own idea that most of the troubles that happen in life are natural, like camels’ humps, that sometimes you just can’t get rid of them, but you just need to “carry” them for some time.

Without you, no work, no rest:

are you a woman or a bird?

After all, you are like a creature of air,

"Vozdushnitsa" - darling!

In most poems, the authors use comparisons to create a bright, beautiful, easy-to-remember image. Most of these colorful comparisons are in the texts of N. Gumilyov, Mayakovsky. But I. Brodsky remains an unsurpassed master of the use of detailed comparisons in artistic literary versification.

Comparisons are also used in spoken language. When writing any text, even a school essay, one cannot do without comparisons. So you need to firmly remember a few rules of punctuation of the literary Russian language. Commas are placed before comparative phrases with the words:

• as if
• as if
• as if,
• like,
• exactly

So when you write:

• He was taller than the teenager she remembered.
• The day flared up quickly and hot, like a fire into which gasoline was suddenly splashed.

─ in these situations, do not hesitate, commas are necessary. Much more problems await you with the "how" union. The fact is that, even if the “how” particle is part of a comparative turnover, a comma before it is not needed if:

It can be replaced with a dash. Steppe like a sea of ​​grass.

This union is part of a stable phraseological unit. Faithful like a dog.

The particle is included in the predicate. For me the past is like a dream.

The conjunction, within the meaning of the sentence, is replaced by an adverb or a noun. He looked like a wolf possible substitutions: looked like a wolf , looked like a wolf .

Where else do you need commas

According to the rules of punctuation, commas are not needed before “how” and when it is preceded by adverbs or particles in a sentence:

It's time to end, midnight seems to have struck.

Not separated by commas "as" if it is preceded by negative particle.

He looked at the new gate not like a ram.

So when you use similes to spruce up or make your text clearer, remember the tricky "how" particle and punctuation rules, and you'll be fine!