Assignments for preschool children. Logic problems for preschoolers

One of the most important skills of a child that determines his readiness to study the school curriculum is the ability to think logically. As a rule, it is the development of logic that most tasks are focused on when preparing your child for school in the future first-grader courses, and they need to be given special attention, especially if you are planning to educate your child in a gymnasium or lyceum.

What do developmental tasks for children include? First of all, these are copybooks. The copybooks are completely different, from the simplest, for children 3-5 years old, where you just need to draw a line or connect the dots, to the most complex - writing printed letters and numbers. We will not dwell on such copybooks in detail in this article; all the details are in the article COOPERATIONS FOR CHILDREN, where you can download and print these copybooks for free.

The tasks are focused on the development of thinking, creativity, mathematical concepts, speech, and ideas about the world around us. To download and print worksheets, click on the pictures, open them in full size and save or print.

Developmental tasks for children 3-4 years old

Developmental tasks for children 4-5 years old

Developmental tasks for children 5-6 years old

More educational tasks for children 3-7 years old: FUN LESSONS >>

While developing our thinking, we will not ignore theoretical tasks:

Developmental tasks for children by a psychologist

There are 6 ears sticking out from behind the hill. How many hares are there behind the hill? (3)
What is more in the river, fish or perch? (fish)
How many door handles are there in the house? (twice as many doors)
7 candles were burning. 2 were extinguished. How many candles are left? (2)
Katya, Galya and Olya painted heroes from the village of Prostokvashino: Pechkin, Sharik Matroskin. Who drew who, if Katya didn’t draw Pechkin and Sharik, and Galya didn’t draw Pechkin?
Worth a maple. There are two branches on the maple tree, on each branch there are two cherries. How many cherries grow on a maple tree?
If a goose stands on two legs, it weighs 4 kg. How much will a goose weigh if it stands on one leg?
Two sisters have one brother each. How many children are in the family?
A giraffe, a crocodile and a hippopotamus lived in different houses. The giraffe did not live in a red or blue house. The crocodile did not live in a red or orange house. Guess which houses the animals lived in?
Three fish swam in different aquariums. The red fish swam neither in a round nor in a rectangular aquarium. The goldfish is neither square nor round. In which aquarium did the green fish swim?
Once upon a time there were three girls: Tanya, Lena and Dasha. Tanya is taller than Lena, Lena is taller than Dasha. Which girl is the tallest and which is the shortest? What is the name of which one?
Misha has three carts of different colors: red, yellow and blue. Misha also has three toys: a tumbler, a pyramid and a spinning top. In the red cart he will not carry a spinning top or a pyramid. In yellow - not a spinning top or a tumbler. What will Mishka carry in each of the carts?
The mouse is not traveling in the first or last carriage. The chicken is not average and not in the last carriage. In which carriages are the mouse and the chicken traveling?
The dragonfly is not sitting on a flower or on a leaf. The grasshopper does not sit on a fungus or on a flower. The ladybug is not sitting on a leaf or on a fungus. Who is sitting on what? (it’s better to draw everything)
Alyosha, Sasha and Misha live on different floors. Alyosha lives neither on the top floor nor on the bottom. Sasha lives neither on the middle floor nor on the bottom. On what floor does each boy live?
Anya, Yulia and Ole’s mother bought fabrics for dresses. Anya is neither green nor red. Yule - neither green nor yellow. Ole is neither yellow nor red. Which fabric is for which girl?
Three plates contain different fruits. The bananas are not in a blue or an orange plate. Oranges are not in a blue or pink plate. What plate are the plums in? What about bananas and oranges?
A flower does not grow under a Christmas tree, a fungus does not grow under a birch tree. What grows under the Christmas tree and what under the birch tree?
Anton and Denis decided to play. One with cubes, and the other with cars. Anton didn't take the car. What did Anton and Denis play?
Vika and Katya decided to draw. One girl drew with paints, and the other with pencils. How did Katya start drawing if Vika didn’t draw with pencils?
The Red and Black clowns performed with a ball and a ball. The red clown did not perform with a ball, and the black clown did not perform with a ball. What objects did the Red and Black clowns perform with?
Lisa and Petya went into the forest to pick mushrooms and berries. Lisa didn't pick mushrooms. What did Petya collect?
Two cars were driving along a wide and a narrow road. The truck was not driving on a narrow road. What road was the car traveling on? What about the cargo one?
How many ears do three mice have?
How many paws do two cubs have?
Seven brothers have one sister. How many sisters are there in total?
Grandma Dasha has a granddaughter Masha, a cat Fluffy and a dog Druzhok. How many grandchildren does grandma have?
Birds flew over the river: a pigeon, a pike, 2 tits, 2 swifts and 5 eels. How many birds? Answer quickly!
7 candles were burning. 2 candles were extinguished. How many candles are left?
There are three apples in the basket. How to divide them between three children so that one apple remains in the basket?
There are three thick branches on the birch tree, and on each thick branch there are three thin branches. There is one apple on each thin branch. How many apples are there in total?
Sasha ate a large and sour apple. Olya ate a large and sweet apple. What is the same about these apples? miscellaneous?
Masha and Nina looked at the pictures. One girl looked at pictures in a magazine, and another girl looked at pictures in a book. Where did Nina look at the pictures if Masha didn’t look at the pictures in the magazine?
Tolya and Igor were drawing. One boy drew a house, and the other a branch with leaves. What did Tolya draw if Igor did not draw the house?
Alik, Borya and Vova lived in different houses. Two houses had three floors, one house had two floors. Alik and Borya lived in different houses, Borya and Vova also lived in different houses. Where did each boy live?
Kolya, Vanya and Seryozha were reading books. One boy read about travel, another about war, a third about sports. then what did you read about if Kolya didn’t read about war and sports, and Vanya didn’t read about sports?
Zina, Lisa and Larisa were embroidering. One girl embroidered leaves, another - birds, the third - flowers. Who embroidered what if Lisa didn’t embroider leaves and birds, and Zina didn’t embroider leaves?
The boys Slava, Dima, Petya and Zhenya were planting fruit trees. Some of them planted apple trees, some - pears, some - plums, some - cherries. What did each boy plant if Dima didn’t plant plum trees, apple trees and pears, Petya didn’t plant pears and apple trees, and Slava didn’t plant apple trees?
The girls Asya, Tanya, Ira and Larisa went in for sports. Some of them played volleyball, some swam, some ran, some played chess. What sports was each girl interested in if Asya didn’t play volleyball, chess or run, Ira didn’t run or play chess, and Tanya didn’t run?
Sasha is sadder than Tolik. Tolik is sadder than Alik. Who's the most fun?
Ira is more careful than Lisa. Lisa is more careful than Natasha. Who is the neatest?
Misha is stronger than Oleg. Misha is weaker than Vova. Who is the strongest?
Katya is older than Seryozha. Katya is younger than Tanya. Who is the youngest?
The fox is slower than the turtle. The fox is faster than the deer. Who's the fastest?
The hare is weaker than the dragonfly. The hare is stronger than the bear. Who is the weakest?
Sasha is 10 years younger than Igor. Igor is 2 years older than Lesha. Who is the youngest?
Ira is 3 cm shorter than Klava. Klava is 12 cm taller than Lyuba. Who is tallest?
Tolik is much lighter than Seryozha. Tolik is a little heavier than Valera. Who is the lightest?
Vera is a little darker than Luda. Vera is much brighter than Katya. Who is the brightest?
Lesha is weaker than Sasha. Andrey is stronger than Lesha. Who is stronger?
Natasha is more fun than Larisa. Nadya is sadder than Natasha. Who's the saddest?
Sveta is older than Ira and shorter than Marina. Sveta is younger than Marina and taller than Ira. Who is the youngest and who is the shortest?
Kostya is stronger than Edik and slower than Alik. Kostya is weaker than Alik and faster than Edik. Who is the strongest and who is the slowest?
Olya is darker than Tonya. Tonya is shorter than Asya. Asya is older than Olya. Olya is taller than Asya. Asya is lighter than Tonya. Tonya is younger than Olya. Who is the darkest, the shortest and the oldest?
Kolya is heavier than Petya. Petya is sadder than Pasha. Pasha is weaker than Kolya. Kolya is more fun than Pasha. Pasha is lighter than Petya. Petya is stronger than Kolya. Who is the lightest, who is the most fun, who is the strongest?
There were five apples on the pear tree, but only two on the tree. How many apples have grown?
What happens to a white handkerchief if it is dropped into the Red Sea?
How many nuts are there in an empty glass?
What kind of utensils make it impossible to eat anything?
The duck weighs two kilograms. How much will a duck weigh if it stands on one leg?
How many ends does one stick have? And half the stick?
My father has a daughter, but she is not my sister. Who is this?
What is heavier - a kilogram of cotton wool or a kilogram of nails?
The banana was cut into four parts. How many cuts were made?
Two sons and two fathers ate three apples. How many apples did each person eat?
Masha was walking into the city, and three old women met her, each with two bags, in each bag a cat. How many people went to the city in total?
Misha is 2 years old, and Lyuda is 1 year old. What age difference will they have in 2 years?
The bagel was cut into three parts. How many cuts were made?
Seryozha stayed with his grandmother for a week and three days. How many days did Seryozha stay?
Nastya has a whole orange, 2 halves and 4 quarters. How many oranges does she have?
Grandma Masha has a granddaughter Dasha, a cat Dymok, and a dog Fluff. How many grandchildren does grandma have?
The egg is cooked for 3 minutes. How long will it take to boil 5 eggs at the same time in one pan?
Two cars drove 40 kilometers. How many kilometers did each person travel?
Five knots were tied on the rope. How many parts did these knots divide the rope into?
10 bird legs were visible from under the fence. How many birds are there behind the fence?
The staircase has 9 steps. What step will be the middle one?
The boy poured 3 piles of sand together, and then poured two more into them. How many piles of sand are there?
Mila and Natasha found two coins under a stone. How many coins would one girl find?
Mom bought three scarves and six mittens for the children. How many children does mom have?
You are the pilot of an airplane flying from London to Berlin with two transfers in Paris. Question: what is the pilot's last name?
You enter a dark room. The room has a gas stove, a kerosene lamp and a candle. You have a box with 1 match in your pocket. Question: what will you light first? (match)
A businessman bought a horse for $10, sold it for $20. Then he bought the same horse for $30, and sold it for $40. Question: what is the businessman's total income from these two transactions? (20)
Who walks on 4 legs in the morning, 2 in the afternoon, and 3 in the evening? (person: infancy, adult, old age)
There is a hare in the forest. Rain is coming. Question: under which tree will the hare hide? (wet)
2 people are walking towards each other. Both are exactly the same. Question: which of them will say hello first? (more polite)
The dwarf lives on the 38th floor. Every morning he gets into the elevator, gets to the 1st floor and goes to work. In the evening, he enters the entrance, gets into the elevator, gets to the 24th floor, and then walks to his apartment. Question: why does he do this? (can't reach)
Find an error in the reasoning: There is a certain room. There is a certain atom in it. There is an infinite number of possible positions of an atom. This means that the probability that the atom is in position (x,y,z) is zero. Because 1 divided by infinity == 0. (not zero, but an infinitesimal value)
Dog-3, Cat-3, Donkey-2, Fish-0. What is the Cockerel equal to? And why? (Cockerel-8 (kuka-re-ku!))
Prove that “I” do not live in a computer simulation. Prove to “yourself” that the outside world and other people exist. Reasoning task.

It’s great if you systematically solve any riddles with your child; this develops logic, imagination, and imaginative thinking.

Logic puzzles.

You, me, me and you. How many of us are there in total? (2)
A man was walking into the city and on the way he caught up with three of his acquaintances. How many people went to the city? (4)
There were three apples in the vase. Mom treated them to three girls. Each of the girls received an apple, and there was one left. How did it happen? (one girl took an apple from a vase)
Three horses ran 5 km. How many kilometers did each horse run? (5 km each)
If a chicken stands on one leg, it weighs 2 kg. How much will a chicken weigh if it stands on two legs (2kg)
Three brothers have one sister. How many children are there in the family? (4)
You need to divide five apples between five girls so that one apple remains in the basket. (one must take an apple from the basket)
Can it rain two days in a row? (night cannot, divides days)

There were four birch trees. Each birch tree has 4 large branches. On each large branch there are 4 small ones. There are 4 apples on each small branch. How many apples are there in total? (not a single one, apples don’t grow on birch trees)
There were 4 apples on the table. One was divided in half. How many apples are on the table? (4)
One person was asked. how many children does he have? The answer was: “I have 6 sons, and each has a sister” (7)
Which figure has neither beginning nor end? (at the circle)
How can you pick a branch without scaring a bird off it? (impossible, it will fly away)
There were three glasses with berries on the table. Vova ate one glass of berries and put it on the table. How many glasses are there on the table? (3)
Three candles were lit in the room. Then one of them was extinguished. How many candles are left? (one, two others burned down)
Three people waited for the train for three hours. How long did each person wait (3 hours)
Vova went to see his grandmother on Monday and returned on Monday the following week. How many days later did he return? (7)

The boy and girl had the same number of nuts. The boy gave the girl 3 nuts. How many more nuts does the girl have than the boy? (by 3)
The first box contains 10 pencils, the second contains as many as the first, and the third contains the same as the second. How many pencils are in the third box? (10)
Sveta left for camp on Saturday. She promised her mother to come to her in 5 days. On what day of the week will mom come to Sveta? (Friday)
There was water in the decanter. When 5 glasses were poured out of it, one glass of water remained. How much water was in the decanter? (6 glasses)
Lesha had 4 red flags, he was given another blue flag. How many flags does Lesha have now? (5)
There were 6 birds sitting on a tree. A hunter came and killed one bird. How many birds are left on the tree? (not a single one flew away, they were scared)
There was one candy in the vase. By evening she was gone. Who took it if there were a cat, fish in an aquarium, grandfather and a moth in the room? (grandfather)
If you eat one plum, what remains? (bone)
Two trains arrived in Moscow at the same time - fast and passenger. The passenger was driving slower. Which train left first? (passenger)
Birds flew across the sky: a sparrow, a dragonfly, a swallow and a bumblebee. How many birds were there in total? (2)
A squirrel threw a pine cone at the bear from the tree and hit him on the forehead. How many cones are there? (2)
Anya, Masha and Dasha live on different floors of a three-story building. On which floor does each girl live if it is known that Anya does not live on the second, Masha does not live on the second or third? (Masha on the first, Dasha on the second, Anya on the third)
Three boys walked along the road and found three rubles. How many would each of them find if he went alone? (3)
Three, three, three, three, three - what will happen? (hole)
Two friends played checkers for four hours. How many hours did each player play? (4)
There were 5 ducks swimming on the lake, the hunter shot and killed one. How many ducks are left? (none of them all flew away)
How many ears do three mice have? (6)
Only four logs can be loaded onto the machine. How many times do you need to go to the forest to remove nine logs? (3)
The heel had nine balls. Kanga came and took away four balls, then Tiny came and took away five balls. What's left for the heel? (0)
There were 10 chairs in the room on which 10 boys sat. 10 girls came in, and they all found a chair. How could this happen? (gave in)
Two friends came to Masha, and she had two apples. “Take,” says Masha, “a whole apple, and give me half.” Did Masha share honestly?
Along the path, 10 trees grow one after another, between which there are benches. How many benches are there in total? (9)
How many times must the bear cub cut the log so that he gets 4 logs? (3)
A grandmother was walking to Moscow, and three old men met her. Every old man has a bag, and every bag has a cat. How many living beings went to Moscow? (one grandma)

You are the pilot of a plane flying from Paris to Moscow with a landing in Kyiv. Flight time is two hours. How old is the pilot? (how old are you if you are a pilot)
When the goat turns 6 years old, what happens? (going to 7th year)
In a clearing by the river

May beetles lived

Daughter, son, father and mother

45. The starling laid one egg every day. How much did she lay in 7 days? (7)

46 . Grandma Dasha has a granddaughter Masha, a cat Fluff, and a dog Druzhok. How many grandchildren does grandma have? (one granddaughter Masha).

47. There is a tub against the wall, and in that tub there is a frog. If there were 7 tubs, how many frogs would there be? (possibly none).

48. How to cut a square in order to add 2 new squares from the resulting parts?

49. Birds flew over the river: a pigeon, a pike, two tits, two swifts and five eels. How many birds? Answer quickly! (5, the rest are fish).

50. 7 candles were burning, two candles went out. How many candles are left? (2, the rest burned down).

51. There is a cat sitting in each of the 4 corners of the room. Opposite each of the cats sits 3 cats. How many cats are there in this room? (4).

52. A flock of ducks was flying, one in front and two behind, one between two and three in a row. How many ducks were flying? (3).

53. Kolya and Masha had the same number of notebooks. Kolya gave two of his notebooks to Masha. How many more notebooks does Masha have than Kolya? (For 4)

54. How many ears do three mice have? (6)

55. How many paws do two bear cubs have? (8)

An attentive mother devotes a lot of time to teaching her baby. Developing logic does not require much effort - 20 minutes of daily practice is enough. Today there is no need to purchase expensive teaching aids - a variety of logic problems for children are freely available on the Internet. We will talk about the stages of development of logical thinking in a child and give examples of tasks.

Concept of logical thinking

Logical thinking is a physiological process as a result of which a person comes to conclusions based on evidence and prudence.

There are three types of logical judgments.

Abstract judgment. A person builds conjectures on concepts and properties that cannot be felt. They are not valid, they are in the abstraction.
Figurative judgment. A person uses his imagination and imagines specific images that occur in life.
Verbal judgment. People often share their opinions with others. During the conversation, mental analysis occurs, leading to specific conclusions.

Logical thinking begins to develop at an early age. The stages of formation of thinking in the process of child growth will be discussed further.

Age characteristics

The stages of formation of human thinking have long been no mystery to modern science. As the baby grows, changes occur in the nervous system, speech and consciousness improve. For harmonious development, the help of parents is necessary.

You need to start playing educational games with your baby from the second year of life. In this case, it is important to take into account the age characteristics and the degree of readiness of the child to solve logical problems.

Features of the mental activity of preschoolers include:

comparison of objects according to their qualitative and quantitative characteristics;
predominant visual perception of objects;
the ability to correlate the properties and characteristics of objects;
having a general idea of common words.

In accordance with age, the child is characterized by the following types of mental activity.

Age	Types of thinking
2 - 3 years	Children develop visual and effective thinking. The baby is able to visually perceive what is happening. This period is suitable for the first lessons in teaching logical thinking. The child acts spontaneously, thoughtlessly, and learns from his mistakes. For example, to open a door, he will explore it for a long time and knock on it. The door can only open randomly. At two years old, the child tries to master the process of comparison, which is based on opposition. The main categories of comparison are color, size, temperature characteristics, shape, age. Age-appropriate tasks: grouping objects by property (large - small), drawing a real object (for example, a house).
34 years	The priority is imaginative thinking. The child begins to think through his actions. To open a door, he remembers the types of doors and how to open them. He will try to find the doorknob. The toddler learns generalization by dividing objects into groups. Age-appropriate tasks: find an object by description, guess a profession or an animal.
5 -7 years	Logical thinking prevails. Children's curiosity reaches its peak. This is a time of endless questions to adults and a thirst for new knowledge. There are three types of questions: · request for help; · knowledge of the world; · emotional support. The child is already able to draw an object and describe it. Unlike the previous level, it can highlight the characteristics of an object that it needs in this case. Logical thinking is manifested in the ability to draw conclusions and reason. The baby is trying to grasp the relationship between different objects. He actively replenishes his own experience. By the age of 5, an expanded classification appears: the child is able to answer the questions “what is this?” and which?". The classification parameter is chosen randomly. Age-appropriate tasks: answer a question about the world around you, describe an object using a model, describe your day.

Examples of logic exercises

The beginning of teaching logical thinking to a toddler will be modeling and drawing. Communication with the child outside of classical classes plays an important role: at home or during a walk. Sometimes we ourselves do not notice how often we explain the actions of others, natural phenomena, describe objects and their purpose. Such improvised lessons serve as the basis for the development of logic in children.

At the age of 3-4 years, pay attention to board games. Be careful when selecting exercises. The basic principles of the development of logic at this age are diversity, semantic content and a playful form of activity.

The following tasks have gained the greatest popularity among children.

Tasks for matching pictures of the same kind. For example, “Find a pair.”
Making a word from a group of letters. For example, "Finest Hour".
Game "Find the three differences."
Find an extra item that differs from others in properties. For example, "The Third Wheel".
Cut a geometric figure known to the child into large fragments and ask them to assemble this puzzle.
Game "Guess the riddle."
Game "Edible-Inedible".

For children aged 5-7 years, solving logic problems for preschoolers will seem interesting. Here are some examples of tasks with answers.

A bell was tied to the dog's tail. How should she move so as not to hear its ringing?

(No way).

Sharik was given a collar and a leash 10 meters long, but Sharik walked 200 meters in it. How did he do it?

(He walked with the owner).

Masha and Lisa wanted to draw. One of them drew with a pencil, the other with crayons. Masha didn’t want to draw with crayons. What did Lisa draw with?

(With crayons).

Two boys were eating apples. Vita got one that was unripe and yellow, Kolya got one that was yellow and sweet. What did the guys' apples have in common?

(Yellow).

A horse, a cow and a goat lived in three different houses. The horse lived neither in blue nor in red. The goat lived neither in blue nor in green. What color houses did the animals live in?

(The horse lived in green, the goat lived in red, the cow lived in blue).

Nastya, Tanya and Olya are friends. Nastya is taller than Tanya, Tanya is taller than Olya. Which of your friends is the tallest? Which of your friends is the shortest? (Nastya is taller than everyone, Olya is below everyone).
There is a pear on the table. It was cut into 4 parts. How many pears are on the table now?

(One).

There were 2 Christmas trees growing in a clearing in the forest. Each tree has 3 branches. There is 1 tangerine on each branch. How many tangerines grew on the Christmas trees?

(Tangerines do not grow on Christmas trees).

Yegor’s dad’s name is Nikolai Anatolyevich, and his grandfather’s name is Alexander Nikolaevich. What is Yegor's mother's middle name?

(Alexandrovna).

Solving non-standard logic problems in older preschool age is an easy way to develop logical thinking. Systematic classes will be a good help in preparing for mastering the school curriculum. Over time, you will increase the complexity of the game exercises, which will greatly increase your interest in performing them.

Teaching mathematics in a playful way develops and shapes the child’s cognitive interest. It is best to develop an interest in this science before teaching it at school.

Interesting and exciting tasks and exercises in mathematics for preschoolers will help with this.

Developmental tasks can instill in a child a number of useful qualities: perseverance, the ability to set goals and plan, follow rules, the ability to analyze, weigh the result, and give reasons.

Finding ways to solve non-standard problems helps stimulate creative and research activity.

Working with developmental math tasks is not at all difficult; parents are quite capable of handling it. But in order for the child to get the maximum benefit from classes, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of their organization:

Challenges help children understand that every potential challenge may contain a trick or a double meaning. To find the correct answer, you need to concentrate and look at the puzzle from different perspectives.

Before you begin the task, you need to give recommendations on how to complete it:

Take into account the level of development and age characteristics of the child.
For example, the attention span of preschoolers is lower than that of younger schoolchildren. They can maintain attention while doing an activity of interest for 30-50 minutes. If your baby's attention suddenly wanes, there is no need to force him to continue studying.
Based on the interests of the child.
Don't overuse hints.
If a child cannot find a solution to a problem, there is no need to say the correct answers every time, you need to encourage him to search and be patient. To keep the child’s interest, an adult can offer a partial hint. As a rule, a preschooler does not manage to complete all tasks the first time, but this has positive aspects - if a child is forced to do something several times, the development of the volitional sphere occurs.
Do not limit yourself to one type of exercise, but use a variety of material.
This will help in diversified development. When organizing classes, you need to pay attention to training spatial-temporal relationships, counting skills, imagination, logical thinking, etc.
Use different forms of organizing classes: individual work, games in pairs or team competitions.
Proceed from the gradual complication of tasks.
Use visual aids that will attract the child’s attention: bright pictures or photographs, images of favorite fairy-tale characters.
Do not skimp on praise if the baby deserves it.
Encourage independence.

Work with your child comprehensively. As you develop your math skills, also develop your reading skills. Find out from our article.

If your child is fidgety, let him run around orthopedic mat. Read about its benefits in ours.

Types of tasks in mathematics

Entertaining mathematical tasks include games, riddles, comic problems, puzzles, and exercises with geometric shapes. All of them are aimed at developing reaction speed, logical and innovative thinking, resourcefulness, and imagination.

Since preschool age is divided into junior and senior, tasks should be selected taking into account the degree of difficulty. The younger preschool age covers the age period of 3-4 years, and the older one - 5-7 years. Of course, the breakdown of tasks by age is conditional, since everything depends on the pace of development of the offspring, which is what we need to focus on.

Math games

Mathematical games include tasks that are based on the analysis of logical relationships and patterns.

To find the answer, you need to analyze the conditions of the problem, familiarize yourself with its content and understand what needs to be done.

The search for a solution involves the use of mental operations: analysis, synthesis, generalization.

A game “Make a sequence of numbers”. The child is given mixed cards with numbers from 1 to 5 or 10, and he must arrange them in the correct sequence.

Exercise . The child receives a form with pictures next to which there are numbers. You need to count the objects in the picture and circle the corresponding number.

Exercise . You need to draw the specified number of dots on the insect’s body.

Games for older preschoolers

A game "Compare the number". The adult asks the child to name the number, taking into account the conditions: it must be more than 5, less than 8. For each correct answer, you can give a sun or a flag.

Exercise . On a special form there are a series of pictures on the left, and examples on the right. It is necessary to choose a suitable example for the picture.

Mathematical problems for ingenuity

Puzzles are recommended for children of older preschool age. The most common are geometric problems with counting sticks. They are called geometric because the task is based on the composition and transformation of various figures. To complete the task, you need to prepare counting sticks and chart tables with images of figures.

You need to try to choose tasks with different conditions and solutions in order to stimulate the baby’s search activity.

Problems for preschoolers

A picture depicting some object is placed in front of the child. It could be a house, a bench,... The child must, focusing on the sample, put together a similar object from sticks. Subsequently, you can complicate the task by asking the child to add up the shown picture without having an example in front of his eyes, that is, from memory.

"Shape Transformation". The task is carried out in 2 stages. First, the adult shows the child a figure and asks him to make the same one out of sticks. Instructions for the second stage: you need to determine which and how many sticks should be removed to create a different figure.

The child needs to analyze the presented geometric shapes, imagine what the final result will look like and choose an answer.

The child is given an image of a complex geometric figure consisting of many details; he must count how many triangles, rectangles, and squares are in the figure.

Games for recreating figurative images from geometric shapes

Games with geometric shapes to compose various objects and animals are very useful for the development of analytical thinking and sensory skills. To conduct classes, you need to stock up on a set of shapes: a circle, a triangle, a rectangle or a square.

Games for younger preschoolers

“Make a picture.” The child is given a standard set of figures and simple pictures depicting various objects. Based on the example, the child must put together the pictures.

Games for older preschoolers:

“Make a silhouette of an animal or insect”. To play the game, take a circle, which is divided by lines into smaller and heterogeneous parts, and cut. Then, from the received parts of the circle, the children try to make a picture, and they are not given specific instructions - they must act according to their own plan.

"Items made from cubes." Looking at the image of the object, the preschooler builds the same one from cubes.

Riddles, comic problems, entertaining questions

Children meet riddles, comic problems and entertaining questions with extraordinary enthusiasm. They are able to activate the child’s mental activity, develop skills to notice the main and essential properties, separating them from the secondary ones.

Tasks belonging to this category are excellent for use at the beginning of a lesson to prepare the child for intellectual work and conduct mental gymnastics.

Comic tasks can create a favorable emotional background and lift your spirits. As a way to relax and switch attention, tasks can be used in the middle of the lesson.

Mathematical riddles are intricate questions or descriptions of some object or phenomenon that a child must guess. Since the riddles are mathematical, numbers will definitely appear in them, and computational actions will need to be performed.

Comic problems are game tasks with a mathematical meaning, to solve which you need to use ingenuity and resourcefulness, and in some cases have a sense of humor. It is recommended to study according to them from the senior preschool age. The content of the tasks is unusual, since along with the main characteristics they include secondary ones. It turns out that the search for an answer is, as it were, disguised by other conditions.

Examples of humorous problems

2 cars drove 5 km. How many kilometers did each car travel?
If a stork stands on one leg, then it weighs 4 kg. How much will a stork weigh when it stands on 2 legs?
What is heavier: 1 kg of concrete or 1 kg of wool?

Interesting questions

They are short questions asking people to count something.

How many ears do three mice have?
You, me, you and me. How many of us are there?

Games, mathematical entertainment

Games and mathematical entertainment are a great way to diversify the forms of work. If you choose a game with two participants, the child’s interest will increase due to the spirit of competition.

Games for younger preschoolers

“Finish the drawing.” The child is given a sheet of paper with geometric shapes depicted on it. The task is to draw a small picture based on the desired geometric figure. For example, from a circle you can draw a snowman or a clock, from a square - a TV, a briefcase.

An example of a game for older preschoolers

"Houses". For this game you will need 20 images of houses with 10 windows. You can judge the apartments by the presence of curtains on the windows. The essence of the game is to compare the houses with each other: how many residents need to be moved in so that all the apartments are fully occupied, how many residents need to be removed from the house so that the same number of apartments are occupied in it as in the fifth house.

Universal games

The older the child, the more numbers there can be.

Books on mathematics for preschoolers

A. Boloshistaya “Mathematics around you.” The workbook includes tasks to develop mathematical thinking. Intended for children 4-5 years old.
K.V. Shevelev “Mathematics for preschoolers.” The workbook consists of developmental tasks addressed to children aged 6-7 years. The classes are designed to prepare you for school.
L.G. Peterson “One is a step, two is a step.” The series of manuals is designed to develop a mathematical way of thinking, imagination, and the ability to analyze.
M. Druzhinin “The Big Book of Leisure.” The book includes rebuses, riddles, puzzles. The tasks are designed to develop analytical thinking, broaden your horizons, and activate your imagination.
O. Zhukova “Mathematics for preschoolers.” The coloring book contains game exercises that will teach your child to count to 10 and help develop perception and logic.

Logic problems, joke problems, mental agility tasks for older preschoolers

1. Seven brothers have one sister. How many sisters are there?
(One)
2. Two mothers, two daughters and a grandmother and granddaughter. How many are there?
(Three: grandmother, mother and daughter)
3. There are three apples in the basket. How to divide them between three children so that one apple remains in the basket?
(Give one along with the basket)
4. One and a half pike perch cost one and a half rubles. How much do three pike perch cost?
(3 rubles)
5. Five candles were burning in the room. Two candles were extinguished. How much is left?
(Two, the rest burned)
6. You can jump off it while moving, but you cannot jump on it while moving. What is this?
(Airplane)
7. Born twice, dies once.
(Chicken)
8. Liquid, not water, white, not snow.
(Milk)
9. What grows upside down.
(Icicle)
10. Who can’t be lifted off the floor by the tail?
(Ball of thread)
11. The pencil was divided into three parts. How many cuts were made?
(Two)
12. Five knots were tied on the rope. How many parts did these knots divide the rope into?
(At 6)
13. When can you cut your hand on water?
(If you turn it into ice)
14. Is it possible to fill an empty bucket three times in a row without emptying it once?
(Yes: large stones, sand, water)
15. You entered a dark room where there is a candle, a gas stove, and a kerosene lamp. What will you light first?
(Match or lighter)
16. The predictor undertakes to predict with 100% accuracy the score of any match before it begins. What is the secret of his unmistakable prediction?
(Before the start of the match the score is always 0:0)
17. Is it possible to throw a ball so that, after flying for some time, it stops and starts moving in the opposite direction?
(Yeah, throw it up)
18. How to transport a wolf, a goat and a cabbage from one bank to another if one person (the carrier) can fit in the boat, and with him either a goat, or a wolf, or a cabbage?
(First transport the goat, then the cabbage, and on the return trip take the goat, leave the goat on the opposite bank, transport the wolf, return for the goat)
19. Two boys played checkers for two hours. How long did each of them play?
(2 hours each)
20. Two people went and found five nails. If four go, how many will they find?
(Not a single one, everyone has already been found)
21. One man has four sons and each of them has a sister. How many children does he have?
(Five people)
22. Six trees grow near the post office: pine, birch, linden, poplar, spruce and maple. Which of these trees is the tallest and which is the shortest, if it is known that the birch is lower than the poplar, and the linden is higher than the maple, the pine is lower than the spruce, the linden is lower than the birch, and the pine is higher than the poplar?
(Spruce, pine, poplar, birch, linden, maple)
23. Which is heavier: a kilogram of cotton wool or half a kilogram of iron.
(1 kg cotton wool)
24. Kolya and Sasha bear the surnames Shilov and Gvozdev. What surname does each of them have if Sasha and Shilov live in neighboring houses?
(Kolya Shilov and Sasha Gvozdev)
25. Two fathers and two sons, and a grandfather and grandson were walking down the street. How many people were walking down the street?
(Three)
26. There were sweets on the table. Two mothers, two daughters, and a grandmother and granddaughter each took one piece of candy. How many candies were on the table?
(Three)
27. When a goose stands on one leg, it weighs 7 kg. How much will a goose weigh if it stands on two legs?
(7 kg)
28. In the running competition, Yura, Grisha and Tolya took prizes. What place did each of them take if Grisha took neither second nor third place, and Tolya did not take third?
(Grisha - 1, Tolya - 2, Yura - 3)