Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich. Youth

Several times in the course of this story, I have hinted at a concept corresponding to this French title, and now I feel the need to devote a whole chapter to this concept, which in my life was one of the most pernicious, false concepts instilled in me by education and society. The human race can be divided into many departments - rich and poor, good and evil, military and civilian, smart and stupid, etc., etc., but each person certainly has his own favorite main subdivision, under which he unconsciously brings each new face. My favorite and main division of people at the time that I am writing about was comme il faut people and comme il ne faut pas people. The second genus was still subdivided into people actually not comme il faut and the common people. I respected people comme il faut and considered them worthy to have an equal relationship with me; the second - I pretended to despise, but, in essence, hated them, feeding them some kind of offended sense of personality; still others did not exist for me - I despised them completely. My comme il faut consisted, first and foremost, in excellent French and especially in accent. A man who spoke bad French immediately aroused a feeling of hatred in me. "Why do you want to talk like we do when you don't know how?" - I asked him mentally with venomous mockery. The second condition comme il faut was nails - long, peeled and clean; the third was the ability to bow, dance and talk; the fourth, and very important, was indifference to everything and a constant expression of some graceful, contemptuous boredom. In addition, I had common features by which I, without speaking to a person, decided to which category he belongs. The main of these signs, in addition to the decoration of the room, the seal, the handwriting, the carriage, were the legs. The attitude of boots to pantaloons immediately decided in my eyes the position of a person. Boots without a heel with an angular toe and the ends of the pantaloons are narrow, without plain; boots with a narrow round toe and a heel and narrow pantaloons at the bottom, with strips that fit the leg, or wide, with strips like a canopy standing over the toe - this was a man of the mauvais genre, etc. The strange thing is that to me, who had a positive incapacity for comme il faut, this concept had taken root to such an extent. Or maybe it was precisely this that has grown into me so strongly because it cost me a great deal of work to acquire this comme il faut. It’s scary to remember how much invaluable, the best time in my life of sixteen years I spent on acquiring this quality. Everyone whom I imitated - Volodya, Dubkov and most of my acquaintances - all this seemed to come easily. I looked at them with envy and secretly worked on the French language, on the science of bowing, without looking at the one to whom you bow, on conversation, dancing, on developing indifference and boredom in myself, on the nails on which I cut my meat with scissors - and yet I felt that I still had a lot of work left to achieve my goal. And the room, the writing-table, the carriage - all this I did not know how to arrange so that it was comme il faut, although, in spite of my disgust for practical matters, I intensified to do it. For others, it seemed, everything went well without any work, as if it could not be otherwise. I remember once, after hard and vain work on the nails, I asked Dubkov, whose nails were surprisingly good, how long have they been with him and how did he do it? Dubkov answered me: "Since I can remember, I have never done anything to make them look like this, I do not understand how a decent person can have other nails." This answer saddened me greatly. I did not yet know that one of the main conditions comme il faut was secrecy in relation to those works by which comme il faut is achieved. Comme il faut was for me not only an important merit, a wonderful quality, perfection that I wanted to achieve, but it was a necessary condition of life, without which there could be no happiness, no fame, nothing good in the world. I would not have respected a famous artist, or a scientist, or a benefactor of the human race, if he was not comme il faut. The man comme il faut stood above and beyond comparison with them; he left them to paint pictures, sheet music, books, to do good - he even praised them for this, why not praise the good, in whoever it may be - but he could not become with them on the same level, he was comme il faut, but they are not, and that's enough. It even seems to me that if we had a brother, mother or father who were not comme il faut, I would say that this is a misfortune, but that there can be nothing in common between me and them. But neither the loss of the golden time spent on constant concern for the observance of all conditions comme il faut that are difficult for me, excluding any serious infatuation, nor hatred and contempt for the nine-tenths of the human race, nor the lack of attention to everything beautiful that is happening outside the circle comme il faut, - all this was still not the main evil that this concept caused me. The main evil consisted in the conviction that comme il faut is an independent position in society, that a person does not need to try to be neither an official, nor a coachman, nor a soldier, nor a scientist when he comme il faut; that, having reached this position, he already fulfills his purpose and even becomes taller than most of the people. At a certain period of youth, after many mistakes and hobbies, each person usually becomes in need of active participation in social life, chooses some branch of labor and devotes himself to it; but with comme il faut it rarely happens. I knew and know very, very many people, old, proud, self-confident, harsh in judgments, who, when asked if they ask such a question in the next world: “Who are you? and what did you do there? " - will not be able to answer otherwise than: "Je fus un homme très comme il faut"

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

WHAT I THINK THE BEGINNING OF YOUTH

I said that my friendship with Dmitry opened me a new outlook on life, its purpose and relationship. The essence of this view was the conviction that the purpose of man is the striving for moral improvement and that this improvement is easy, possible and eternal. But until now I have enjoyed only the discovery of new thoughts arising from this conviction, and the drawing up of brilliant plans for a moral, active future; but my life went on in the same petty, confused and idle order.

Those virtuous thoughts that we went through in conversations with my adored friend Dmitry, wonderful Mitya, as I sometimes called him in a whisper with myself, I still liked only my mind, not my feeling. But the time came when these thoughts with such a fresh force of moral discovery came into my head that I got scared, thinking about how much time I had lost in vain, and immediately, the same second, I wanted to apply these thoughts to life, with a firm intention never no longer cheat on them.

And from this time I count the beginning adolescence.

At that time I was at the end of my sixteenth year. The teachers continued to visit me, St.-Jérôme looked after my teachings, and I reluctantly and reluctantly prepared for university. Outside of the doctrine, my classes consisted: in solitary incoherent dreams and reflections, in doing gymnastics in order to become the first strongman in the world, in a hat without any specific purpose and thought throughout all the rooms and especially the girl's corridor and looking at myself in the mirror, from which however, I always walked away with a heavy feeling of despondency and even disgust. My appearance, I was convinced, was not only ugly, but I could not even console myself with ordinary consolations in such cases. I could not say that I have an expressive, intelligent or noble face. There was nothing expressive - the most ordinary, coarse and bad features; small gray eyes, especially when I looked in the mirror, were rather stupid than smart. There was even less courage: despite the fact that I was not small in stature and very strong in my years, all facial features were soft, sluggish, indefinite. There was nothing even noble; on the contrary, my face was the same as that of a common peasant, and the same large legs and arms; and this at that time seemed to me very ashamed.

That year, as I entered the university, Saint was somehow late in April, so exams were scheduled for Fomina, and on Passionate I had to fast and prepare for the final.

The weather after wet snow, which Karl Ivanovich used to call “ the son came for the father”, For three days it had been quiet, warm and clear. There was no patch of snow to be seen in the streets; the dirty dough was replaced by the wet, shiny pavement and fast streams. The last drops were already melting from the rooftops in the sun, buds were puffing out on the trees in the front garden, there was a dry path in the yard, past a frozen heap of dung to the stable, and mossy grass was green between the stones near the porch. There was that special period of spring, which has the strongest effect on the human soul: bright, all-over shining, but not hot sun, streams and thawed patches, fragrant freshness in the air and soft blue sky with long transparent clouds. I do not know why, but it seems to me that in a big city the influence of this first period of the birth of spring is even more tangible and stronger on the soul - you see less, but more anticipate. I stood by the window, through which the morning sun through double frames was throwing dusty rays on the floor of my unbearably boring classroom, and I was solving a long algebraic equation on a black board. In one hand I was holding Franker's tattered soft Algebra, in the other a small piece of chalk, which had already stained both hands, face and elbows of the half-coat. Nikolai, in an apron, with his sleeves rolled up, was beating off the putty with pliers and bending back the nails of the window that opened into the front garden. His occupation and the knocking he made entertained my attention. Moreover, I was in a very bad, dissatisfied frame of mind. Somehow I didn’t succeed: I made a mistake at the beginning of the calculation, so I had to start everything from the beginning; I dropped the chalk twice, felt that my face and hands were stained, the sponge had disappeared somewhere, the knock that Nikolai made somehow painfully shook my nerves. I wanted to get angry and grumble; I threw away the chalk, "Algebra" and began to pace the room. But I remembered that today is Passionate middle, today we must confess, and that we must refrain from everything bad; and suddenly I came to some special, meek state of mind and went up to Nikolai.

Chapter I. What I consider the beginning of youth

Nikolai Irtenev values \u200b\u200bhis friendship with Dmitry very much. Thanks to this person, Irtenev was able to see some things in a different light. Communication with Dmitry became the reason that Nikolai "got infected" with the idea of \u200b\u200bself-development.

The influence of Nekhlyudov on Irtenev was so great that Nikolai reverently in a whisper calls him "the wonderful Mitya."

Over time, Nikolai realized that he wasted a lot of time, at a time when he could use it for self-improvement. From that moment, according to the protagonist, the period of his youth began. By that time, Nikolai turned 16, and he had already begun to prepare for entering the university.

Nikolai became very picky about himself and notes with sadness that his appearance does not bear the traits of nobility. In general, he looks more like a "man".

Chapter II. Spring

Spring came into its own. This period was especially significant in the life of the hero, because this period was the most intensive stage of preparation for the entrance exams. Nikolai admires the arrival of spring. In his opinion, the arrival of spring in the city is felt much more strongly.

Chapter III. Dreams

Nicholas plans to start life from a new leaf - after confession he will become an impeccable person: he will observe all the dogmas of Christianity, give a tenth of his scholarship to a poor old woman or an orphan, so that no one knows that he is doing it; he will go to classes on foot, and if he is given the reins, he will sell and spend the proceeds on charity. He will become the most famous scientist and will come to Sparrow Hills to spend time there alone.

Chapter IV. Our family circle

Nikolai's father is often absent from home. In those cases, when the father appears, fun begins to reign in the house - the father knows how to come up with all sorts of jokes and say them with the most serious face. It amuses everyone. The family, out of habit, still gathers together for dinner, but cohesion, as it was with mom or grandmother, does not happen.

Governess Mimi at dinner does not know how to bring up an interesting topic of conversation. Nikolai's older brother, Volodya, is increasingly moving away from his brother - the age difference has become very noticeable and Volodya now has other interests. Nikolai's sister, Lyubochka, has already matured, as, incidentally, has the governess's daughter Katya and they are now girls of marriageable age.

Chapter V. Rules

Nikolai decided to draw up a table for himself that would contain the rules of his life. During the work, it turned out that this is a very voluminous material, and therefore Irtenev made a whole notebook with the title "Rules of Life". At the invitation of his father, an old monk came to the Irtenevs' house to confess all the household members.

Chapter VI. Confession

The monk begins to conduct confession. Papa was the first to go to confession, Lyubochka was the second, then Katya, and only after Katya did Nikolai go. He stayed in the room with the monk for about five minutes, but after that he came out happy and elated.

In the evening, before going to bed, he remembered that he had forgotten to tell the monk in confession about one of his sin and was very frightened, because hiding his sins in confession was considered a great sin.

Nikolai was very worried about this, but then he calmed himself with the thought that he would go to the monastery in the morning and correct what he had done. Calmed down, Nikolai falls asleep.

Chapter VII. Trip to the monastery

Nikolai often woke up at night, as he was afraid to oversleep. At six o'clock he had finally woken up and started packing: he had to put on uncleaned boots, because the servant Nikolai had not yet had time to clean them. When Irtenev left the house, he saw that the street was practically empty - with difficulty he managed to find a cab. At first, Nikolai was worried that he would rob him, but then he calmed down. The arrival of Nicholas caused a stir in the monastery - the monks watched him with interest. Irtenev was taken to a room and asked to wait for the monk.

Chapter VIII. Second confession

Chapter IX. How do I prepare for the exam

Nikolai continues to prepare for the exams, but he succeeds with difficulty. Irtenev is now and then distracted by various trifles. It seems to him that some special smell of spring is in the air, which prevents him from concentrating. However, the teachers do not let him relax. Moreover, Nikolai cannot disappoint Nekhlyudov - according to his friend, passing the exam well is a necessary action.

Chapter X. Exam of History

Nikolai's first exam was to take place on April 16. The young man was very worried - for the first time in his life he passed the exam and for the first time put on a tailcoat. Nikolai felt inspired: it seemed to him that he looked brilliant, that was exactly until the moment he entered the audience. Nikolai came across a familiar ticket, and he answered the question well. As a result, Irtenev passed the story to "5".

Chapter XI. Exam mathematics

The next exam was in mathematics. Handing over it, Irtenev did not have time to sort out two issues and this depressed him.

At the university, Nikolai saw his brother Volodya and friend Dmitry. Dmitry managed to explain to Nikolai one of the problematic issues - it was dedicated to Newton's binomial, there was not enough time to explain the second question.

According to the law of meanness, Nikolai came across a ticket that he did not know. However, he was rescued by an acquaintance, Ikonin, who usually did not answer the extended tickets and silently put them on the table in front of the examiners.

He gave Nikolai his ticket - it was a question about Newton's binomial. Nikolay answered the question perfectly and got a "5".

Chapter XII. Latin exam

Nikolai had heard that the professor taking the Latin exam is very strict and, it seems, he likes to give bad marks to applicants. Nikolai was still taking the exams in company with Ikonin, who, as always, began the answer first. This time he was not silent, as usual, and even translated a little text, albeit with the help of the professor, but he could not give an answer to the theoretical question. Irtenev calmed down and smiled, the professor did not like this very much, who, instead of a friendly smile, considered contempt. He provided an opportunity to answer Irtenev instead of Ikonin.

When it came to Nikolai's turn to be examined, the professor was very rude, gave him a very difficult text and as a result put "2", while Ikonin received "4" for the exam. For the first time, Irtenev faced a prejudiced attitude and was so amazed that he passed the rest of the exams without enthusiasm.

Chapter XIII. I'm big

Finally, Nikolai passed the last exam and was successfully enrolled in the student list. He was offended that Volodya did not congratulate him. Despite everything, Nikolai, like his brother, bought a pipe, tobacco and gouache drawing, as well as a pencil insert. At home, he determined that he did not like any of the purchases, and when he smoked, he became completely ill.

Chapter XIV. What did Volodya and Dubkov do

Nikolay and Dmitry go first to Dubkov - where they find Volodya and his friend playing cards. Volodya loses and the whole company goes to the restaurant to celebrate Nikolai's arrival.

Chapter XV. Congratulations to me

Everyone in the restaurant congratulated Nikolai. In general, everyone was happy, although brother Volodya now and then blushed because of the behavior of Nikolai, who often said or did something out of place. From the champagne he had drunk, Nikolai felt dizzy, and when he got up, he realized that his body seemed to be living a separate life.

Chapter XVI. Quarrel

In the restaurant, Nikolai quarreled with one of the visitors - a certain Kolpikov. Irtenev's friends were not present at that moment. The awkwardness of the situation after the incident became the reason that Nikolai hid the incident, although he was worried for a long time. Irtenev poured out an overwhelming anger from a quarrel on innocent Dubkov, after which he felt uncomfortable.

Chapter XVII. I'm going to make visits

On the last day of his stay in Moscow, Nikolai, by order of his father, is going to pay visits to some people, in particular to Prince Ivan Ivanovich, Ivin. Irtenev hopes that Volodya will keep him company, but he refuses.

Chapter XVIII. Valakhins

Nikolai was the first to visit the Valakhins - they lived nearby. Irtenev was in excitement - he used to be in love with Sonechka. Nikolai heard rumors that during her stay abroad the stagecoach in which she was turned over, and the girl's face was cut by shards of glass. However, during a personal meeting, Nikolai did not notice any scars on his face - Sonya seemed to him all the same sweet girl as in childhood.

Chapter XIX. Kornakov

The visit to the Kornakovs was not so pleasant for Nikolenka - at first he was entertained by the daughters of the Kornakovs, then the princess and Prince Mikhailo joined the conversation - the princess now and then claimed that Nikolai was very similar to his mother, although this was not true. Nikolai learned that the Kornakovs and Irtenevs are the only heirs of Ivan Ivanovich.

Chapter XX. Ivin

The reception at the Ivins' turned out to be difficult and unpleasant - the general's son was not at all happy about his arrival, and only withstood the etiquette politeness, the princess burst into tears, and the prince behaved as if Nicholas was not at all in their house.

Chapter XXI. Prince Ivan Ivanovich

Nikolai makes his last visit to Ivan Ivanovich, after the news that the Irtenevs are the heirs of the prince, this visit became doubly unpleasant and exciting.

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The prince gave Nikolai a pleasant welcome, but Irtenev decided that the prince actually hated him, because Nikolai was one of the contenders for his fortune.

Chapter XXII. Sincere conversation with my friend

Together with Dmitry, Nikolai goes to the dacha in Nekhlyudov. He learns that Dmitry is in love with a certain friend, Lyubov Sergeevna.

Chapter XXIII. Nekhlyudovs

At the dacha, Nikolai met Marya Ivanovna - Dmitry's mother and his sister Varya. He also saw Lyubov Sergeevna - she struck Irtenev most of all. The woman seemed to Nikolai surprisingly ugly, and Irtenev wondered how Dmitry could fall in love with her.

Chapter XXIV. Love

At the Nekhlyudovs, Nikolai also met Dmitry's aunt, Sofya Ivanovna. Nikolai was surprised that this woman feels true love for all family members.

Chapter XXV. I am getting acquainted

Nikolai learns that the family does not approve of Dmitry's love for Lyubov Sergeevna - this becomes the cause of controversy. Irtenev liked the Nekhlyudovs very much - he felt like an adult here, not a child.

Chapter XXVI. I show myself from the most advantageous side

The Nekhlyudovs go for a walk in the garden. Nikolai keeps them company. He could not resist the opportunity to boast of his relationship with Ivan Ivanovich. During the walk, Nikolai once again notes the unattractiveness of Dmitry's sister.

Chapter XXVII. Dmitry

By evening, Dmitry had a terrible toothache. Because of this, he was in a bad mood and first yelled at the maid and then punched him twice on the head of the servant boy. However, he was immediately ashamed of this act, which was witnessed by Nikolai. After that, the friends talked all night.

Chapter XXVIII. In the village

Nikolai and Volodya set off for the village. On the way, Nikolai decided that he should seem sad for the first two days, but he barely succeeded. He only remembered his love in the evenings, and soon completely forgot about it. Father talked a lot with Nikolai on the first morning and was unusually cheerful.

Chapter XXIX. The relationship between us and girls

Nikolai again draws closer in communication with Volodya and, on the contrary, separates from Katya and Lyuba. Girls seem to him stupid and cutesy. Nikolai does not understand why they have changed so much and, moreover, they do not see anything wrong with these changes.

Chapter XXX. My classes

Nikolay studied piano all summer and achieved significant achievements. In his free time, he read French novels brought by Volodya. After reading in one of them, about a hero with thick eyebrows and deciding to make himself the same - he rubbed his eyebrows with gunpowder and set them on fire. Nikolai's eyebrows became really thicker, but by that time he had already forgotten about this hero.

Chapter XXXI. Сomme il faut

Nikolenka reflects on the attributes and little things that make a person stand out from the crowd. He wants to be a man of impeccable appearance. Nikolai is especially saddened by the condition of his nails. Over time, Irtenev realizes how wrong he was in attaching himself to these external attributes.

Chapter XXXII. Youth

Nikolai enjoys summer and rest: he often walks, reads novels and admires nature. The hero of the story feels happy.

Chapter XXXIII. Neighbors

Nikolai is surprised by the change in his father's attitude towards their neighbors. Previously, the Irtenevs were hostile to the Epifanovs, but now everything has changed: their father often visits them and calls them "glorious people." Nikolai did not like these people.

Chapter XXXIV. Father's marriage

The second marriage of his father took place when he was 48. Avdotya Vasilievna Epifanova became his wife. In the summer, my father often went to visit the Epifanovs, at a time when there was practically no communication between families. On the last day before the departure of Volodya and Nicholas, the father officially announced his desire to marry Epifanova.

Chapter XXXV. How We Received This News

Households all vividly discussed the marriage of the father. Volodya took the news of the upcoming event very negatively, he spoke extremely disapprovingly of the future stepmother and told Nikolai that some dark story was the reason for this wedding. Volodya also spoke about the love of his father and Mimi.

Chapter XXXVI. The university

Volodya and Nikolai leave for the university and therefore are not present at their father's wedding, which took place two weeks after their departure. At the university, Nikolai behaves arrogantly, which repels all potential acquaintances from himself.

Chapter XXXVII. Heart affairs

Nikolai was very amorous - he now and then fell in love with someone. Sometimes they were married women completely unfamiliar to him. However, all his hobbies were fleeting.

Chapter XXXVIII. Shine

Nikolenka is very upset that he is not invited to the balls. He secretly envies his brother and father, who are frequent guests at such events. In winter, finally, the desired thing happened - the Kornakovs invite him to the ball.

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Volodya helps Nicholas to choose the right outfit and put his appearance in order. However, at the ball, Nikalay gets lost and behaves extremely stupidly - he speaks such nonsense that even Volodya avoids him.

Chapter XXXIX. Binge

In winter, another event happened - Nikolai was summoned to a revelry. Since the young man had never been to revelry, it seemed to him that this occupation was something unusual and fun. He diligently prepared for this event. The event itself did not impress him - everyone pretended that they were having fun, although in reality it was not so. After the revelry, its participant haughtily exaggerated the scale of the revelry and praised him in every possible way, which surprised Irtenev a lot.

Chapter XL. Friendship with the Nekhlyudovs

Nikolai became a frequent visitor to the Nekhlyudovs. He enjoyed spending time with them, as he felt at home there. During this time, Irtenev learned that Varya is a pretty smart girl and there is something to talk about with her.

Chapter XLI. Friendship with Nekhlyudov

While Nikolai's relations with Nekhlyudov's family were excellent, friendship with Dmitry himself "hung in the balance" - Nikolai could not understand some of his friend's actions. One of these was friendship with Bezobedov - a poor, stupid and ugly person. Over time, Nikolai began to find many flaws in his friend and even quarreled with him.

Chapter XLII. Stepmother

Nikolai's relationship with his stepmother did not improve. After she and her father arrived in Moscow in the fall, the dislike only intensified.

A woman appeared at home in a petticoat, or with clothes with open arms, at first Nikolai liked this state of affairs, but then it began to annoy him - it seemed that two different women live in Avdotya - one for guests - well-groomed and cheerful, the other for ordinary life - dissatisfied and grumpy.

Chapter XLIII. New comrades

The time of the exams approached, and Nikolai realized with horror that he knew nothing. Operov came to his aid, he invited Nikolai to prepare together. Soon Irtenev met other young men, poor but interesting people. Nikolai inattentively listened to the material, was often distracted and dreamed, instead of listening, so his affairs in preparation for the exams did not advance. He learned that he was inferior in everything (except for belonging to the aristocracy) to these new acquaintances, and this upset him.

Chapter XLIV. Zukhin and Semenov

Among the new acquaintances of Nicholas, Zukhin and Semyonov stood out. Zukhin was a poor man of 18 years old, studying was very easy, and the teachers had a very good opinion of him and loved him. Semenov was a lover of revelry, as a result, he collected debts and went to the soldiers to pay them off.

Chapter XLV. I'm falling through

Nikolai came to the mathematics exam unprepared, and he did not even care. Accordingly, he could not answer the questions of the ticket and therefore the professor announced to him that he would not be transferred further. Nikolai sobbed like a child for three days, in all attempts to support him from friends or relatives, he saw sarcasm, it seemed to him that everyone was dismissive of him. Nikolai remembered his "Rules of Life", he felt ashamed that he did not adhere to them. Nikolai decided to write new "Rules", but this time to adhere to them exactly.

The surviving text of the 1st edition is printed above in full. Not considering it possible to publish the entire text of the second edition in this edition, we print only excerpts from it. To indicate their location in the manuscript, a real “review” is given, allowing at the same time to follow how the author's work was going. The final (III) edition is taken as the basis for comparison, with the text of which the texts of the first two editions are compared.

Chapter I. "What I consider the beginning of youth." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: “Chapter 1<Новый взглядъ>... What I consider to be the beginning of youth. " Its text is different from the text of the III edition, and we we put it in variants (see option # 1)... In the text printed in the variants, after the words: "to the mind than to the feeling", there is a crossed out place, close to the text printed in the variants with the words: "But the time has come ...." to the end of the chapter. In addition, across the beginning of the chapter there is a later mark in pencil: “Rospisan D [mithriy?] Aristocrat religiozen innocent. Imitation is a necessary form of development ”.

Chapter II. "Spring". In the I edition, this chapter corresponds to the first half of chapter I "Expose windows". Here (in the first edition) it is much shorter. Across the text there are notes: “plans for improvement and getting up early. Unpoetic validity, lack of restraint of enthusiasm ”, that is, the content of the end of the II - beginning of the III chapter of the final edition and of what was written in the II edition is outlined.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to the first part of the chapter, entitled: “<Глава 3-я. Выставляютъ окна.> Chapter 3. Moral impulse ". Judging by the paper, this chapter is in essence a version of Chapter I of the I edition. In its part, corresponding to Chapter II of the III edition, the text is somewhat longer than the latter and ends with the following passage:

<Когда онъ смолкъ, и я вернулся къ сознапію дѣйствительности, не могу передать, до какой степени противна мнѣ стала эта действительность и болѣе всего моя собственная особа. Мои широкія руки, выпачканныя въ мѣлу и чернилахъ, панталоны, безпрестанно выбивавшіяся изъ-подъ запятнаннаго жилета, неуклюжія ноги на стоптанныхъ сапогахъ, торчавшіе, спутанные волосы и широкій носъ съ вѣчными каплями пота показались мнѣ отвратительны>.

Chapter III. Dreams. In the I edition, this chapter corresponds to the second half of Chapter I, which gives the embryonic text of the first two paragraphs of Chapter III of the final edition. Across the text of the litter: “Develop dreams of women more”, as I was looking for her, I composed letters to her, gave signs. Will begin. About Sonechkѣ. I've learned a lot. "

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to part III of chapter, immediately after the passage quoted now (“When he fell silent”). Here is the text (denote it AND) is close to the final version, except for the following:

<Всѣ сочиненья Руссо (я недавно прочелъ Эмиля, и онъ произвелъ на меня весьма сильное впечатлѣніе)>.

2) After the place corresponding to the place of the final edition, ending with the words: "I expected to meet somewhere" (the last paragraph) is the text:

<Эта она была немножко Соничка, немножко Надежда, горничная Мими, немножко женщина, [которую] я видѣлъ гдѣ-то очень давно, и немножко матушка. Было ли это въ Петровскомъ, на постояломъ дворѣ давно, давно, когда насъ возили въ Хабаровку, въ Москвѣ, или наверху въ спальнѣ, я никакъ не могъ рѣшйть этого. Я вѣрилъ въ ее существование до такой степени, что сочинялъ ей французскія письма, придумывалъ длинные разговоры съ ней, тоже на французскомъ языкѣ и всматривался въ каждую женщину, надѣясь узнать ее. Впрочемъ эта мечта или воспоминаніе было такъ туманно, что каждая женщина, которую я видѣлъ, ежели она была черноволоса и хороша, мнѣ казалось она>.

Tolstoy again tried to develop this place twice, but he crossed out everything written. The second attack reads like this:

<Помню только, что вотъ что было когда то: Карлъ Иванычъ и мы всѣ - дѣти, сидѣли въ комнатѣ и рисовали. Вдругъ она вошла. Карлъ Иванычъ взялъ ее за руку и подвелъ къ стулу. Она сѣла. И мы всѣ по перемѣнкамъ подходили къ ея рукѣ. Меня она погладила по головѣ; потомъ мы всѣ взялись за руки, стали кругомъ и начали танцовать. Моя рука была въ ея рукѣ. Помню, какъ она прыгала очень высоко, и моя рука дергалась въ ея рукѣ, которую она при этомъ сжимала и отпускала. Помню, какъ Карлъ Иванычъ, никогда не смѣявшійся, при этомъ смѣялся ужасно. (Больше я ничего не помню, и самъ сомнѣваюсь, была ли это дѣйствительность или часто повторенное воспоминаніе? Тѣмъ болѣе, что) Всѣ домашніе, у которыхъ я уже гораздо послѣ спрашивалъ объ этомъ обстоятельствѣ, говорили, что никогда не помнятъ, что бы какая-нибудь дама приходила къ намъ и танцовала бы съ Карлъ Иванычемъ>.

Chapter IV. "Our family circle". This chapter is not in the first edition. In turn, Chapter II "Hor" of the 1st edition is absent in other editions.

In the second edition, the text corresponding to this chapter is available in three versions. The first option gives the text immediately after the text AND and originally titled (later struck out):<«Глава 2-я. Постный обѣдъ.»> We put it in variants (see option No. 2)... This option can be “attributed rather to the 1st edition. The second option is given by “Chapter II. Our family ", standing immediately after the text placed in the options (see option No. 1)... The beginning of this chapter is close to the text of the first paragraph of Chapter IV of the final edition, then there is a place corresponding to the text of the final edition with the words: "In general, this is the last time ...." (in the third paragraph) to the end of the paragraph. In the second edition, this passage is much shorter. Then comes the text placed in the options (see option No. 3).

Across the text about people comme il faut there is a label: "C i [l] f to destroy." The third option is given by “Chapter 4. Obѣd ”, the text of which is very close to the text of Chapter IV of the final edition.

Chapter V. "Rules". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition of this chapter corresponds<«Глава 5-я. Исповѣдь. Обѣдъ и правила>... To confess ". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition, except for two places: 1) in the paragraph of the final edition: "I hid ..." between the words: "candles" and "Dad at the same time ...." in the second edition there is a paragraph:

Father Makariy, sad, high monk, with a lovely one. a stern old man, sat on the sofa next to Olga Petrovna and drank tea. (I still don’t know who Olga Petrovna was, I only know that she was a Moscow lady and she always appeared in our house when it was necessary to make some purchases or to have something to do with the clergy. she was a craftswoman and was proud of it.) Lyubochka, Katenka and Mimi, without entering into the conversation about the Most Reverend, which was conducted by the smug Olga Petrovna, sat there with elongated faces.

2) Instead of the last two paragraphs of the final edition, in the II edition there is a text that we place in versions (see option No. 4)... In addition, across the beginning of the chapter of the litter: “When smart, why now I don’t write rules”.

Chapter VI. "Confession". In the first edition, this chapter corresponds to the beginning of chapter 2. The text here is much shorter.

6. Confess. " Its text is very close to the text of Chapter VI of the final version. At the very end of the text, across the pencil mark: "Alms."

Chapter VII. "A Trip to the Monastery." In the I edition, this chapter corresponds to the middle part of the 2nd chapter. The text here is much shorter.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to “Chapter<7> 6. Trip to the monastery ". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, except for the following: after the words: “Thank you humbly,” I said, “in the second edition it reads:

The monk looked at me intently, shook his combed hair, stuck out his tongue and jumped on. -

Often I thought last and now I think: why did this monk show me his tongue, and one explanation that I can think of is that I apparently had a very stupid face and that he read something too young in my eyes and a funny vmstѣ.

Very surprised by such a strange act of the monk and especially amazed at the sight of his fluffy hair, hair and cleaned boots, I suddenly realized that my undertaking was too daring.

It is very likely that this place was also in the manuscript, according to which "Youth" was typed, but was deleted by the spiritual censor John. This may be hinted at by the ellipsis (four dots) in the printed text after the words: "I said."

Chapter VIII. "Second Confession". In the 1st edition, this chapter corresponds to the end of the 2nd chapter, which gives a text quite different from the text of the final edition. At the beginning of it, across the lines, there are notes: “I think it’s a long time to say that I’m the nicest boy in the world”, “Improvement” and “Cufflink. Communion ".

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 7. More confession". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, except for the end of the chapter: instead of the text of the final edition with the words: "So this feeling flew like smoke ..." to the end of the chapter, in the second edition there is:

This feeling scattered like smoke, and I really don't remember what moral way I got to this one, but to my shame it really was. When I began to dress to church so that I could go to communion with all of them, and it turned out that my trousers with French lows [?], Which, I found, were very close to me, were not altered, and they could not be put on, I piled up the abyss :<назвалъ Василья дуракомъ, швырнулъ другія черныя панталоны къ ногамъ Николая и вовсе не думалъ раскаиваться въ этомъ>, mentally scolded the tailor, grumbled at Vasily, said that this was all done on purpose, and that I was so upset that it was better not to go to Church. And, putting on a different dress, I went to church in some strange state of haste of thoughts and with a perfect lack of confidence in my beautiful inclinations.

Chapter IX. "How I Prepare for the Exam." In the I edition of this chapter there corresponds one first paragraph of the 3rd chapter "Examinations".

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: “Chapter 8. Examinations. How am I preparing for the exam. " Its text is very close to the text of the final edition. Of the minor differences, we note that "Nightingale" is not played by Gata, but "Anna Terentyevna, our housekeeper."

Chapter X. "Exam of History". In the 1st edition, this chapter corresponds to a part of the 3rd chapter. The text of this passage differs from the text of the final version.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to “Chapter<10> 9. Exam of history ". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition. Across the text of the litter: "Vile and noble feet."

Chapter XI. "Exam of Mathematics". In the I edition, this chapter corresponds to a part of the 3rd chapter, the text of which is shorter than the text of the final edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 11. Exam of mathematics". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition.

Chapter XII. "Latin exam". In the 1st edition, this chapter corresponds to the end of the 3rd chapter, which is quite close in text to the text of the final edition. Across the text preceding Horace's translation, the label: "Pretending [is]", marking the "theme" of the professor.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 12. Latin exam". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition. The surname of the professor here is "Neyser", converted to "Netzer".

Chapter XII. "I'm big". In the first edition, only the episode of smoking a pipe corresponds to the beginning of the 6th chapter, here called “The pipe.<Ложь>... I want to make sure that I am big. " Across the beginning of the head of the litter: “In my drunk state of mind, I love Dubkov more than Dmitriya. Until the end, Dubkov and Nekhlyudov had gone somewhere. " Across the end of the chapter of the litter: "Kurenie posled".

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 13. I am big". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition.

Chapter XIV. "What did Volodya and Dubnov do." This chapter is not in the first edition. In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 14. Dubkov", which originally had the title: "Chapter 4. I'm big." Its text is close to the text of the final edition with minor differences. Across the first paragraph of the litter in pencil: "Friendship is stronger."

Chapter XV. "Congratulations to me." In the first edition of this chapter there is no, but the first paragraph of the final edition bears similarities with the end of the 6th chapter.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 15. Obѣd". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, but shorter than the last one. Across the text with a pencil of a litter: "We drink a little".

Chapter XVI. "Quarrel". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 16. Quarrel", which has before the paragraph: "What is it with our ..." in pencil:<«Глава 17. Другая ссора.»>

Chapter XVII. "I'm going to make visits." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 18. I. Grap", which originally bore the title: "Chapter 5. Visits". Its text first corresponds to the first three paragraphs of the final version, after which there is a place corresponding to the last paragraph of the final version.

Chapter XVIII. The Valakhins. This chapter is not in the first edition. In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 19. Valakhins". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, but somewhat shorter than the last one. About Sonechka it is said here that abroad she "was sick with smallpox, which seemed to ruin her pretty face." At the beginning of the chapter, across the text of the litter: "I'm afraid it's important."

Chapter XIX. "Kornakovs". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 20. Kornakovs". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition.

Chapter XX. Ivin. This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 21. Ivin". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition.

Chapter XXI. "Prince Ivan Ivanovich". This chapter is not in the first edition. In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 22. Prince Ivan Ivanich", which has an early mark in front of the paragraph, later crossed out in pencil: "Chapter 6. The Nekhlyudov family." Its text is very close to the text of the final edition.

Chapter XXII. "A sincere conversation with my friend." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 23. Kuntsevo". Its text is much shorter than the final version. A footnote was added to the words: "Ivan Yakovlevich":

Ivan Yakovlevich was a well-known madman who was kept in Moscow for a very long time and enjoyed the reputation of a predictor among Moscow ladies.

We are talking about the holy fool I. Ya. Koreish.

Chapter XXPI. The Nekhlyudovs. In the first edition, after the third chapter, there is the "5th Family of the Nekhlyudovs". Obviously, Tolstoy wanted to make two of the 3rd chapter, but did not mark this. The third paragraph of the XXIII chapter of the final version is briefly contained in the 5th chapter of the I edition, it also contains some details that were included in the subsequent editions, but in general the chapter underwent a significant alteration. Across the text of the note: "Scene of the picture of nature after tea"; “Striving for originality and reticular conversation serving to express it. Conversation N-ykh in front of me about strangers "; “Dreams of who to marry whose sister and self-sacrifice - and a poetic conversation. Fulfillment of the Promise of Frankness. "

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "Chapter 24. Nekhlyudovs". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, except for the first abeats, which is read here (in the II edition):

From the face of this whole society, during this momentary stop it was mainly Lyubov Sergivna who struck me, who looked especially attentively and even looked back at me from the top step. I have never seen a more ugly creature than this Lyubov Sergivna in my life. '' I don’t know why Volodya called her a redhead. Firstly, she was tall, big and old, and secondly, she had few hairs on her head, and the ones that remained were black with millet and lipstick. Her hairstyle was somehow strange, with a parting on the side (one of the hairstyles that bald women come up with), but despite this, in many places a naked anointed head was visible. Her small black eyes were hidden between her swollen lower and upper eyelids; the nose was so flattened and wide that it seemed that the bone had been taken out of it, and one skin was embroidered in the middle of the face; the lips are thick, especially the upper one, and always moist. - The right shoulder was higher than the left one; hands are big, hard and red. - Indeed, the ugly of this creature, which the description seems to be exaggerated, it was difficult to imagine anything.

The first paragraph of the XXIV chapter of the final edition is here (in the II edition) - the last paragraph of the 24th chapter.

At the beginning of the chapter of the litter: “Dmitriy looks with a question: What is it? I'm very good. "

Chapter XXIV. "Love". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to “Chapter 25.<Любовь>... Retreat ". Its text is close to the text of the final edition, but in the second edition there is no paragraph of the final edition: "You live alone ...", there is also no last paragraph of the final edition, instead of which there is a strikethrough:

\u003cBut Marya Ivanovna's love for her children, it seems, was most beautiful love. I remember she loved to pinch Varenka on the cheek, to say into conversationѣ: votre vieille mère<и называя дѣтей mon enfant.> The reader often met love of selflessness in life and will soon encounter such a sharp example in my story.

Chapter XXV. "I'm reviewing." In the 5th chapter of the 1st edition, there is a short sketch of the second half of this chapter (from the paragraph: "This circle ...")

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 26. Present relations". Its beginning differs from the text of the final edition. We put it in variants (see option No. 5)... Then in the second edition comes the text, which is very close to the text of the paragraph of the final edition: "As often happens ...." ending with the words: ".... a work-over-worked place", after which in the second edition goes:

This hard-working place in this family was the relationship of the sister with the brother, who felt that his mother always preferred his sister to him. But when they came out, these relations were still noble, frank and friendly.

Then in the second edition goes: "In general, this circle ...", that is, a text close to the text of the paragraph of the final edition: "This circle ...", after which in the second edition goes:

Over tea, which, of course, Sofya Ivanovna poured out, when we all sat around the table, and Lyubov Sergivna sat beside me, I talked to her too, but despite all my desire to be convinced, according to my friend's opinion, that her soul was quite perfect , I did not hear anything from her, except for the most vulgar phrases about which faculty I am, how nice it is to live in the dacha and summer, etc. But for that, her mouth full of drooling when she spoke, and the expression on her face were most unpleasant. As I already said, at that time of my youth I was not so much afraid and despised of anything as vulgarity, then I did not like Lyubov Sergovna. My conversation at this time was brilliant with originality, very sweet, as it seemed to me, and very often, I must confess, the most ridiculous and unreasonable lie.

This concludes the chapter in the second edition.

Chapter XXVI. "I show myself from the most advantageous side." There is no this chapter in the I edition, but the contents of the first two paragraphs of the final edition are outlined in the second half of the 5th chapter of the I edition.

In the second edition of this chapter corresponds: "[Chapter] 27. Lies", marked with a pencil across the text at the end of the chapter: "Striving for originality, never say what others could say", and "[Chapter] 8. Walk" ... The text is close to the final version, but much shorter. Dacha book. Yves. Yves. - in Kuzminki.

Chapter XXVII. "Dmitry". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 29. Dmitriy". Its text only outlines the content of the XXVII chapter of the final edition.

Chapter XXVIII. In the village. This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 30. Prizd to Petrovskoe", originally called: "Chapter 7. In the village". Its text is much shorter than the text of the final version, the second paragraph of which is only outlined. The last name of the Epifanovs is here - "<Макарины> Scholz ". Across the text of the litter in pencil: "I understand how nice it is to be with your father as a comrade."

Chapter XXIX. "The relationship between us and girls." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to: "Chapter 31. Relationship of [?] Sisters." Its text is much shorter than the text of the final version, for example, there is no paragraph on understanding: "Separate from general ...". The girls ask Volodya if Georges-Sand's novels are good.

Chapter XXX. "Mon classes". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to: [Chapter] 32. "Music and reading". Its text is much shorter than the text of the final edition and ends with the words: “and finally, the main thing is to be comme il faut” (in the last paragraph). In addition to the French writers named (in the third paragraph), Victor Hugo is also mentioned in the second edition.

Chapter XXXI. "Comme il faut". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition of this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 33." Comme il faut ". We place its text in variants (see option No. 6).

Chapter XXXII. "Youth". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to: "[Chapter] 34. Youth." Its text is much shorter than the final version. Across the end of the chapter of the litter in ink: "One hundred rubles." In addition, on separate sheets (see "Description of the manuscripts relating to" Youth ", hand. No. 6) there is the text of a part of this chapter, namely: starting with the words:" the bright sun puts on everything ... "(in the fourth paragraph of the final edition) and ending with the words: "I trotted to the gallery" (in the paragraph: "At every sound of barefoot steps"). This text is very close to the text of the final edition, after which there is a strikethrough:

<И вотъ я одинъ съ луной. Молчаливо, таинственно величавая природа, свѣтлый притягивающій къ себѣ прозрачный кругъ мѣсяца, который, остановившись зачѣмъ то на одномъ случайномъ неопредѣленномъ мѣстѣ блѣдно голубаго неба, вмѣстѣ съ тѣмъ какъ будто стоитъ вездѣ и наполняетъ собой все необъятное пространство, и я, ничтожный червякъ, со всѣми мелкими бѣдными людскими страстями и со всей могучей необъятной силой мышленья и воображенія и любви. Какая-то непонятная, но истинная, сильная связь тѣсно соединяетъ, и я чувствую, что мы всѣ трое одно и тоже. - >

Then comes the text, which is very close to the text of the final edition with the words: "And then then ...." (in the paragraph: "At every sound of barefoot steps ...") to the end of the chapter.

Chapter XXXIII. "Neighbors". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, after the 34th chapter, there is a chapter originally called:<«Глава 8-я. Женитьба отца»>, giving a text very different from the text of XXXIII and XXXIV chapters of the final edition. It is all crossed out cross-on-cross. We place its text in variants (see option No. 7)... After this text comes the second version of this chapter, later titled "[Chapter] 35. The neighbors are enemies." Its text corresponds to the text of Chapter XXXIII and the second, third and fourth paragraphs of Chapter XXXIV of the final edition. And this text is different from the text of the final version. We place it in the part corresponding to the text of the XXXIII chapter of the final edition in versions (see option No. 8)... Across the beginning of this chapter, pencil litter: "On the daughter of a depraved, cheerful, good-natured old woman, she has a fortune of 80 souls."

On separate sheets, which are mentioned above (see about chapter XXXII), there is a part of the text of this chapter, giving its third version. The chapter entitled here: “Chapter. Sitdi ”, stands immediately after chapter XXXII. Its beginning is very close to the text of the first two paragraphs of Chapter XXXIII of the final edition. Then comes the text we put in the options (see option No. 9)... This ends the manuscript. Finally, in the clerk's copy (in the "Description of Manuscripts" hand. No. 7) there is a text copied from the manuscript of the second edition and gives the text var. No. 9.

Chapter XXXIV. "Father's Marriage". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, after the text placed in the versions (see version No. 8) there is a text close to the second, third and fourth paragraphs of the XXXIV chapter of the final edition, after which comes “[Chapter] 36.<Отецъ женится.>". Its text from the beginning is close to the text of the final edition, starting with the paragraph: "I only know that ...." and ending with the paragraph: "Lyubochka told me ...". Then in the second edition comes the text corresponding to the fourth, third and second from the end paragraphs XXXIV chapter of the final edition, but quite different from the last. We put it in variants (see option No. 10)... The last paragraph of the XXXIV chapter of the final version is the first of the 37th chapter of the II edition.

Chapter XXXV. "How We Received This News." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 37. How did we accept it." Its text is quite close to the text of the final edition, but there is no paragraph: “The next day ....”, instead of which there is a note in the corresponding place of the manuscript: “Weather in the morning - nettles”. Across the text of the end of the chapter of the litter: "He was in the 12th year."

Chapter XXXVI. "University". This chapter is not in the first edition.

9. <В Москвѣ>", Then renamed:" 38. Въ Universityѣ "and, finally, titled:" 36. University ". Its text is very close to the text of the final edition, but only, instead of the last paragraph of the final edition, there is a text here that we put in versions (see option No. 11)... Across the text about Opera, a pencil litter: "Well, a rag."

Chapter XXXVII. "Matters of the Heart". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 37. Heartache". Here the chapter begins with a paragraph missing in the final version. We put it in variants (see option No. 12)... Then comes the text very close to the final version.

Chapter XXXVIII. "Shine". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the II edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 38. Svѣt". Its text is close to the text of the final edition. At the end of the text of the chapter of the litter “The revelry, one might think, also failed, they pretended; he considered money to be champagne ", that is, the content of Chapter XXXIX" Revelry "is outlined.

Chapter XXXIX. "Revelry".

Chapter XL. "Friendship with Nekhlyudov". Neither in the I nor in the II edition of this chapter is present.

Chapter XLI. "Friendship with Nekhlyudov". In the first edition of this chapter there is no

In the II edition of this chapter correspond: "[Chapter] 43. Frankness", "44. Frankness "and" 45. Friendship". Chapter 43 begins like this:

Our relations with Dmitriem have changed in many ways this winter. I already began to discuss it very, very much. Then our rule of complete frankness has not been observed for a long time. - Although we did not agree that it was impossible, we instinctively felt it and especially after frank conversations have never mentioned this ruleѣ. -<Разъ, разговаривая о будущихъ планахъ Дмитрія въ хозяйствѣ, онъ сказалъ мнѣ, что мать его дурно управляетъ имѣньемъ, но что онъ себѣ за правило взялъ никогда ей не говорить объ этомъ и ничего не совѣтовать, - «потому что имѣнье это отцовское, слѣдовательно, наше», сказалъ онъ, «неловко, понимаешь, хотя мнѣ доходы все равно, но пріятно, чтобы шло такъ, какъ слѣдуетъ.» - >

Then there is a text close to the text of Chapter XLI of the final edition, starting with the second paragraph and ending with the words: “what I have just said to him” (in the last paragraph), followed by the text that we put in the versions (see option. No. 13)... Chapter 44 begins with a paragraph: "Why are you angry?" The student here bears the surname Polubezobedov. Across the text of the litter: "Reminded that."

Chapter XLII. "Machikha". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to the chapter originally called: “Chapter<10>... Machikha ", then called:" Chapter 46. Machikha ". Its text is generally close to the text of the final edition, but the distribution of parts is different; much is undeveloped, but there are also details omitted in the final version. Across the lines about the later relationship of the dad to the stepmother of the litter: "I thought this simplicity seemed sweet then." Further on the litter: "She looked decent, how did she get her [oili?], But how did I know her." Across the lines about Mimi's quarrel with the litter's stepmother: "L [skirt] understands about Mimi and stands up for her." All three markings are in pencil.

Chapter XLIII. "New comrades". This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to the chapter originally called: “Chapter<11>... I'm failing, "then:" Chapter 47. New comrades. " Its text is generally close to the text of the final edition, but much shorter, only outlining what the text of the final edition gives. The student Zukhin is here called Mukhin.

Chapter XLIV. "Zukhin and Semyonov". This chapter is not in the first edition.

Only a few passages from the first paragraph of this chapter in the final edition are available in "Chapter 48. Russian student" of the II edition, ending with the place we put in the versions (see option No. 14).

In the manuscript, described by I. A. Shlyapkin, there is the end of the chapter, not missed by the censor. It begins with a paragraph: "Zukhin went out and returned soon." We introduce it into the main text according to the text of Shlyapkin's brochure. See, Description of manuscripts related to "Youth" "(hand. No. 11), and, History of printing" Youth "".

Chapter XLV. "I'm failing." This chapter is not in the first edition.

In the second edition, this chapter corresponds to "[Chapter] 49. I'm failing." Its text is quite close to the text of the final edition, but shorter. After the words: “I found a moment of remorse and moral impulse” (in the penultimate paragraph of the final edition), in the second edition comes “[Chapter] 50. Liberal Rules”. Its text is as follows:

Having recovered, I decided to write the rules of corrections and Franklin's journal. In the first column I put: vanity. The first thought I wrote: Vanity is the main and harmful human vice. - The first rule I wrote: Avoid all relationships with people who are higher than you in position - there are more vices in them. How I fulfilled these rules, how long did this moral impulse last, what it consisted of, and what new beginning it put on my moral development, I will tell you in the next, more happy half of my youth.

This ends the second edition of the manuscript.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

WHAT I THINK THE BEGINNING OF YOUTH

And from this time I count the beginning adolescence.

That year, as I entered the university, Saint was somehow late in April, so exams were scheduled for Fomina, and on Passionate I had to fast and prepare for the final.

Let me help you, Nikolai, ”I said, trying to give my voice the most meek expression; and the thought that I was doing well, suppressing my annoyance and helping him, further strengthened this meek mood of spirit in me.

The putty was repulsed, the nails were bent back, but, despite the fact that Nikolai pulled the crossbars with all his might, the frame did not move.

“If the frame comes out now immediately, when I pull with it,” I thought, “then it’s a sin, and we don’t need to do more work today.” The frame leaned to one side and went out.

Where can I take it? - I said.

Excuse me, I’ll manage it myself, ”Nikolai answered, apparently surprised and, it seems, dissatisfied with my diligence,“ I must not confuse it, otherwise there, in the closet, I have them by numbers.

I'll see her, ”I said, lifting the frame.

It seems to me that if the closet was two miles away and the frame weighed twice as much, I would be very pleased. I wanted to be exhausted by rendering this service to Nikolai. When I returned to the room, the bricks and salt pyramids had already been placed on the windowsill, and Nikolai was sweeping away the sand and sleepy flies with his wing, through the open window. The fresh odorous air had already entered the room and filled it. From the window could be heard the city noise and the chirping of sparrows in the front garden.

All objects were brightly lit, the room became more cheerful, a light spring breeze stirred the sheets of my "Algebra" and the hair on Nikolai's head. I went to the window, sat down on it, bent over into the front garden and thought.

Something new for me, extremely strong and pleasant feeling suddenly penetrated into my soul. Wet earth, on which in some places bright green needles of grass with yellow stalks were knocked out, streams glistening in the sun, along which pieces of earth and chips curled, reddened twigs of lilacs with swollen buds swaying under the very window, the busy chirping of birds swarming in this bush, a blackish fence wet from the snow melting on it, and most importantly - this fragrant damp air and the joyful sun spoke to me distinctly, clearly about something new and beautiful, which, although I cannot convey the way it affected me, I will try convey the way I perceived it - everything told me about beauty, happiness and virtue, said that both are easy and possible for me, that one cannot be without the other, and even that beauty, happiness and virtue - same. “How could I not understand this, how bad I was before, how I could and can be good and happy in the future! I said to myself. - We must quickly, quickly, this very minute become a different person and begin to live differently. Despite this, however, I sat for a long time at the window, dreaming and doing nothing. Did you ever go to bed in the afternoon in cloudy rainy weather in the summer and, waking up at sunset, open your eyes and in the expanding quadrangle of the window, from under the linen side, which, puffing up, beats with a cane on the windowsill, see the shady, lilac side, wet from the rain a linden alley and a damp garden path, illuminated by bright oblique rays, suddenly hear the cheerful life of birds in the garden and see insects that curl in the window opening, shining in the sun, smell the after-rain air and think: "I was not ashamed to oversleep such an evening." - and hastily jump up to go into the garden to enjoy life? If it happened, then here is an example of the strong feeling that I experienced at that time.