The concept of good and evil in V. Gauf's fairy tale "Dwarf Nose". Analysis of the fairy tale "dwarf nose" Brief analysis of the dwarf nose children's hour
Tasks:
Educational: develop prose text analysis skills;
Educational: increase students' interest in the subject being studied;
Educational: develop students’ creative vision, imagination, memory;
Equipment:
- printed text of the fairy tale;
- musical accompaniment.
Advance homework:
- letters to the evil witch;
- drawings based on a fairy tale;
- dramatization of two passages.
Board design:
A.S. Pushkin wrote: “The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it! A lesson to good fellows.”
There would be no happiness, but misfortune would help (proverb)
Lesson progress:
Introductory speech by the teacher about the goals and objectives of the lesson.
Good afternoon, dear guys and guests. Today, in a literature lesson, together with the heroes of Gauff’s fairy tale “Dwarf Nose,” we will plunge into the magical world of a fairy tale kingdom; Let's try to understand the meaning of this work and answer for ourselves the eternal question of existence: what is evil and good in our life and literary fairy tales.
And the tale of the great German writer began like this:
“Gentlemen! I think those who believe that the days of fairies and wizards are long gone, and that there is no truth in the stories told at the bazaar are wrong.” Let's see how the cartoon began, compare it with our dramatization, and then decide for ourselves: is there truth in fairy tales, is it worth reading or watching them... (viewing a small fragment of the cartoon.)
We have just watched a fragment from the cartoon, and now I propose to enjoy a dramatization of an excerpt from Hauff’s fairy tale “Dwarf Nose”. Different arts, without repeating each other, illuminate the same subject in different ways, help to understand the material deeper and more clearly, and interest the reader...
1. Dramatizing the episode
Scene No. 1. At the market
Jacob: Please come here, gentlemen! Look at the excellent cabbage, the fragrant seasoning! Early pears, apples and apricots! Buy it, gentlemen! My mother has low prices!
Herbalist: You, Hannah, are a vegetable seller?
Hannah: Yes, it's me. What do you want?
Herbalist: Let's see, let's see, first of all, the grass, and see if you have what I need. Rubbish product, nothing suitable for what I need, fifty years ago it was much better. Now everything is rubbish!
Jacob: Listen, shameless old woman! First, you dig through the basket with your nasty fingers, crush the greens and put the bunches under your long nose, whoever saw this will not buy them, and then you call our wonderful product rubbish, and yet the Duke’s own cook buys vegetables from us.
Herbalist: Oh, son, son! It means you don’t like my nose, my beautiful long nose! Wait, you will have the same nose and stretch to your chin.
Jacob: Don't shake your head so disgustingly. Your neck is so thin, like a cabbage stalk, and before you know it, it will break and your head will fly straight into the basket! Who will buy such a product from us!
Herbalist: Oh, do you like my thin neck? So you won’t have it at all, and your head will sink into your shoulders!
Hannah: Don’t talk nonsense, if you need something, buy it, otherwise you’ll drive away all the buyers.
Herbalist: Okay, so be it, I’ll buy these six heads of cabbage from you, but it’s hard for me to carry them alone, let my son take the purchase to my house, and I’ll thank him generously, like he deserves it.
Jacob: Mom, I don’t want to go with her to her house, look how disgusting and scary she is.
Hana: Don't say that son, just help her and come back.
Herbalist(at home she threw away the stick and invited her to the table): Sit down, son, you must be very tired from the road, I’ll now cook and feed you such a soup that you will remember for the rest of your life and then you will get everything that you liked about me. By the way, you can become a skilled cook yourself. But you won’t find magic herb! And don't remember the past! Why wasn't it in your mother's basket?! This is good! This is forever! I need such helpers.
2. Conversation on an episode from V. Gauf’s fairy tale “Dwarf Nose”
Why does the witch at the market turn specifically to Hannah, Jacob's mother, and not to other traders? (She may have heard about her as the best tradeswoman who has high-quality and varied goods, she is jealous that Hannah has a handsome, lively assistant or just wants to test the boy.)
How Jacob reacts to the old woman’s grumbling, evaluate his behavior. (We see the hero in different life situations: positive and negative.)
Do you think that if Jacob had restrained himself and not been rude to the Herbalist, would she have kept him in her service? (How many readers, so many opinions: perhaps I would have left it with She probably wouldn’t have left herself, since she needs good helpers, because he didn’t do anything bad to her.)
3. Dramatization of the second episode
Let's watch another skit episode and call it "Return".
Jacob: Hello, mother, you are sad, it’s me, your son!
Hannah: Get out of here, you disgusting freak, you won't get a penny for your tricks. Don't lie, you ugly monkey!
Jacob: God must have taken her mind! How can I get her home? Let's see if my own father recognizes me.
Father: Lord, who came?
Jacob: Good evening master, how are you?
Father: Very bad. Everything is falling out of hand, old age is just around the corner. I can’t cope with the work, and there are no helpers. Hiring apprentices is not affordable.
Jacob: But you seem to have a son, doesn’t he help you?
Father: God knows where he is now, seven years since he was stolen from the market. His wife always boasted about him, talking about the beauty and dexterity of her son. I warned her: there are many evil people, take care of your son. Hannah, a kind soul, let her little son go with the ugly woman to deliver the goods and has not seen him since then.
Jacob: You say seven years have passed since then?
Father: visits the city once every fifty years, it seems she took him away. Perhaps you would like to order a pair of shoes or a case for your nose?
Jacob: What does my nose have to do with it?
Father: I would definitely order a case that will protect you from all sorts of troubles. I'm sure you bump into doorposts and carts with it all the time.
Jacob: Master, do you have a mirror at hand so that I can look at myself?
Father: You don’t have the appearance to admire and look in the mirror. Leave me and go away! There's a barber across the street with a mirror twice the size of your head.
Jacob: Good morning, Urban, would you be so kind as to let me look at the mirror?
Urban: There it stands. You are the most handsome boy. The neck is like a swan, the hands are like a queen’s, and the nose is a snub nose, the likes of which the world has never seen! You must be proud of him! Oh well! Go to the mirror, don’t let people say that out of envy I didn’t let myself be admired!
Jacob: Yes, my poor mother could not recognize her son. I became an ugly dwarf, I remember that meeting with the woman. Everything that I condemned and ridiculed in her went to me: the long nose, the crooked fingers. Everyone makes fun of me, but the old woman only ruined my appearance, but could not change my soul. I think and feel differently, I’ve become a little smarter, wiser or something... I’m not afraid of ugliness, I can bear it, it’s much worse that my own parents drove me away. I will try to return their love and attention...
4. Conversation based on a fairy tale.
Many thanks to the actors, let's look into what we read.
How many years was Jacob in the service and what did he learn there?
How did Jacob manage to escape from captivity?
What did Jacob learn about himself by looking in the mirror and listening to passersby?
What did the author want to say by showing the rudeness and intolerance of parents when meeting their son? Maybe this piece of text is superfluous? (Fate sends him another test, which comes from close people, and one must come out of it with honor and dignity; evil is everywhere, that’s why this story happened to Jacob.)
..." In that city, as indeed everywhere else, there lived few compassionate people who could sympathize with an unfortunate person."
Why doesn’t Jacob respond with anger to the barber’s rudeness and malice? (It's better to manifest patience, do not respond to evil with evil.)
Who does the boy blame for his ugliness? (He scolded himself for criticizing his appearance witch and therefore got what he deserved.)
What trials did fate have in store for him when the dwarf was in the duke's service?
How did you meet the goose? Why was it on the market?
How did the Dwarf manage to become Jacob again and who helps him in this?
How does the fairy tale end?
5. “Voice the cartoon”
Arrange illustrations sequentially by subject and select three bright quotes for them.
This type of activity teaches children to quickly find a given episode, select convincing, vivid quotes and expressively voice them without losing the set pace, continuing the journey into the magical world of a fairy tale; At the same time, a special, unique and creative microclimate is created, filled with joy and play.
6. Analytical work with philosophical concepts.
Let's turn to the topic of our lesson and reflect on the concepts of good and evil.
You and I have been traveling through the fairy tale for some time, watching vivid episodes, playing out the most interesting things, and repeating important fragments, and now it’s time to think about the “lessons” that this meeting gave us.
The problem of choosing between good and evil is as old as the world. Without understanding the essence of good and evil, it is impossible to understand life. Guys, divide the notebook into two halves and write down the words or phrases that you associate with the concepts of evil and good.
Good - this is my mother’s song, to which I can easily fall asleep at night; grandma's pies; Saturday evening; A in mathematics; little brother's smile...
Evil - this is when parents argue after a parent-teacher meeting; rain outside; trip to the country; school duty...
So, as we see, each person has his own concept of good and evil. Let's turn to S.I.'s dictionary. Ozhegov, who will give us the exact definition of these words.
Good - the word is ambiguous - it means everything positive, good, useful.
Evil - something bad, harmful, the opposite of good.
As you can see, the meanings of these words are somewhat vague, vague... One of the characters in the film said: “What is good for a Russian is death for a German.” I suggest contacting specific facts and jointly decide for themselves what is evil and good.
| Evil (minus) | Good (plus) |
| 1. Service with a witch | |
| minus: lived without parents for 7 years in exile. | plus: I learned to polish floors, bake sunny bread, and cook wonderfully. |
| 2. Turning into a dwarf | |
| minus: suffered from ridicule and insults from others; He lost the attractive appearance that his mother boasted to the traders. | plus: saved my soul, saved the goose, became more tolerant. |
| 3. Dealing with angry parents | |
| minus: received a strong blow from those closest and dearest to him, who did not recognize him as their own son. | plus: understood and realized the reason for his transformation, but was not offended by his parents, but became wiser and more tolerant. |
| 4. Service with the Duke | |
| minus: fears for your life. | plus: getting to know the goose, testing your cooking skills. |
| 5. Getting rid of witchcraft | |
| minus and plus: acquaintance and farewell to the fairy-tale world. | plus: became a sweet and attractive young man, received “life lessons” and remembered them, began to appreciate life as such, learned to be grateful for the many trials that fate presented. |
| 6. Conclusion | |
To prove your point, select vivid quotes from the text.
“Yes, dear mother, you could not recognize your son - he was not like that. When you showed off to people!
“His eyes became small, like a pig’s, his nose became monstrously elongated and hung over his mouth and chin, his neck was not visible.”
“Although the evil old woman ruined his appearance, she could not change his soul... He was not saddened by the lost beauty.”
“He remembered how he served as a squirrel for seven years for a witch, who she turned him into because he blamed her».
- What conclusion can be drawn from all that has been said? How did Jacob cope with the trials that befell him? N.A. Zabolotsky, in his poem “The Ugly Girl,” reflecting on the beauty of the soul, external and internal beauty, wrote:
And if this is so, then what is beauty?
And why do people deify her?
She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,
Or a fire flickering in a vessel?
(From the test sent by fate, our hero returned as an intelligent, tolerant, persistent and noble young man; there is no fear of losing external beauty, the main thing is to remain Human.)
7. Checking homework. "Jacob's Message to the Evil Herbalist."
Let's imagine that we, in the form of Jacob, can communicate with the Herbalist and convey to her our messages, in which we will tell everything that we think about her and about ourselves... If we could do this, then perhaps the events described in this fairy tale , and it didn’t happen.
“Hello, dear grandmother!” Jacob writes to you. “I understand everything that happened to me, and why you turned me into a dwarf. Before, I didn’t think about the fact that all sorts of ugly and sick people live next to me. They spoiled their disgusting appearance, my world, in which they have no place. I wanted to at least shout at them or cover my eyes with my hands, but now I understand that someone is to blame for the fact that they are like this... And we pass by, no. we want to see and hear them. We are so comfortable and calm. Forgive me, if you can..." (Seryozha K.)
“How scary it is to be alone in this world, I so want to shout loudly: “People, come to your senses! Don’t let evil exist and increase. Don’t respond to evil with evil, and then the sun will shine in the sky and soul!”(Arsenia F.)
“If I could relive that piece of life again, I would probably want to fix everything and become sweet and obedient again. But I wouldn’t have learned and understood a lot, continuing to trade. I wouldn’t have met you, the first teacher, on my way, If I believed in a fairy tale, I wouldn’t become like I am now... Let everything be as it is! I’m interested in all sorts of adventures!” (Lana S.)
8. Let’s turn again to the epigraphs, read them...
Which proverbs that reflect the theme of the lesson would you choose and why? What “life lessons” have you learned for yourself?
- Whose soul is in sin is responsible.
- There would be no happiness, but misfortune would help.
- Nobody likes a narcissist.
- Without tasting the bitter, you won’t know the sweet.
- Every evening is followed by morning.
- Don't quarrel with anyone, so you will be good to everyone.
- A person's tongue can bring him glory and shame.
- Living to live is not a field to cross.
- One beaten one is worth two unbeaten ones.
- Learning to read and write will come in handy in the future.
(The author of this tale teaches us patience and worldly wisdom, which comes only to those who can understand and realize their mistakes and mistakes, learn not to respond to evil with evil and feel the pain and suffering of strangers and loved ones.)
9. Compose your own “syncwine” on the topic of the lesson.
(The poem consists of five lines, each line has certain rules: it is necessary to observe the required number of words when using a certain part of speech. They say that, loosely translated from French, this word means “five inspirations.” This work requires a synthesis of information and material in brief expressions and allows you to reflect on any occasion.)
Witch
Decrepit, stingy
Knows, remembers, threatens.
The little one who cooks porridge will serve forever
This is melancholy.
Analysis of a fairy tale Beautiful wife. The choice of this work is due to its humor (and, to begin with, its modern prevalence). Quotes are highlighted.
“After the wedding, Zhang stopped working completely<...>sitting at home, admiring his young beautiful wife<...>Because of my wife, I forgot about everything in the world.”
In general, there is nothing to analyze here: if you find an object, you don’t need anything else. We have such an infantile hero. This is not even about “found the primary object,” because according to the fairy tale, the wife expects actions from him (that is, she is not a guardian mother, the makings of a relationship correspond to the expected norm), she “ began to reproach her husband”that he just sits at home for days. This is where we understand the motivation of the anal-infantile guy: “ I’ll leave, and she’ll start being nice to others” (anal - because there is no motivation for such thoughts in the background of the situation).
Then there is a collision with reality. While he sat like that - he didn’t go, he didn’t let her in - there was nothing to live on, and the dowry was sold off and pawned. “ ... realized that they would die of hunger if he did not earn bread tomorrow. Early in the morning<...>went to a neighboring village to look for work" It would seem that his pathology is about to be resolved; sufficient immersion in such a routine will convince him that everything is in order, and they can live normally. But it’s not so simple, it’s a fairy tale. On his way to work, he meets an old man and, asking for directions, complains that he left such a treasure at home, calling himself “ unhappy man” (also, by the way, an interesting feature that does not allow one to feel healthy happiness when all the factors necessary for it are present, since the happiness of pathological requirements is the only visible one). A fellow traveler offers an ideal solution for our hero - “ and you put your wife in a bottle, what’s easier!”, and immediately gives me a magic bottle. The hero, as one would expect, “ humming merrily, he hurried home" There was no collision with reality at the required level.
Naturally, for some time our Zhang goes out to earn money, taking his wife in a bottle with him. One could probably develop the theme that she gets there when he looks at her and blows into the neck of the bottle, finding here phallicity, homosexuality, and orality, but this would be unnecessary speculation. He's doing well," Zhang calmed down, now no one will see his wife" Complete descent into ideal pathology.
It would seem that it was time to think about why she is weak-willed, or why she is treated this way, but it was not so. At some point, Zhang went to the bathhouse, leaving his wife at home. Naturally, he told her not to go anywhere. Naturally, she needed to go somewhere at least (after all, no one canceled personal space), and she runs off to wash her clothes. In his shirt she felt a magic bottle and was surprised that he did not take it with him. It’s also interesting about this, but I don’t see a reasonable explanation - such an anal person should not have so easily lost sight of such an important detail; on the other hand, he is already in an ideal world and can forgive himself a few indiscretions. So, here the wife noticed “ that on the other side a handsome young man is standing, looking at her<...>The beauty looked at him, became ashamed, and lowered her head. Accidentally blew into the bottle(yes, funny from the point of view of analysis capabilities, but has no actual relevance to this situation), Lo and behold, the young man disappeared”.
The idyll continues exactly until the next day. The hero also blew his wife into the bottle (for the third time you can think about this bottle, now as an addiction, but it’s not worth it) and went into the field. He returned home, knocked over the bottle - and in front of him “ a handsome young man stands next to his wife”.
“How could a young man get into a closed bottle? But it’s true, no matter how hard you take care, you won’t be able to protect your young beautiful wife!”
Fairy tale Dwarf nose begins with a family situation where the child is a narcissistic continuation of the mother. At the moment, his father is absent, and all he can do is follow his mother everywhere at the age of 12. She worked at the market where our hero served as a porter and attracted buyers with her beauty.
One day a terrible old woman came to see them and scolded everything. The hero's mother I became more and more afraid of this old woman", But " I couldn’t say a word to her - the buyer has the right to inspect the goods" In fairy tales, it is worth saying that the negative female image in the form of witches and similar characters represents a negative maternal figure. And the boy actively opposes her, scolding the old woman with the words “ Hey you, shameless old woman!<...>Don't shake your head so disgustingly!”, drawing the line between a good and a bad mother. The actual mother, even understanding her negative impact on her child (“Don’t tell the boy such nonsense!”), is unable to overcome her desire to look good in the eyes of others. Therefore, when the old woman asks for help to carry the shopping and the boy cries from reluctance, “ his mother strictly ordered him to obey - it seemed sinful to her to force an old, weak woman to bear such a burden”.
They reach the old woman’s house, where “ the old woman immediately stopped limping”, confirming the image of a bad mother through deception. There she symbolically feeds him magic soup, and “ he has never tasted anything better than this soup” (read - mother's milk), after which he sees a magical dream. In this dream, he, in the form of a squirrel (that is, impersonal), serves the old woman for 7 years until he accidentally finds the magic herb. Having smelled it, he “wakes up” and hurries to his mother. His mother drives him away, then his father drives him away, and only after seeing himself in the mirror does our hero realize his image as an ugly dwarf (although, running to his mother and then to his father, it is difficult not to notice his own limbs). His legs are small, there is no neck at all (that is, he has no support), and his hands with long fingers and his nose are huge. He was a symbolic phallus of the mother (everyone praised him, she especially), but he actually began to convey it figuratively. The barber offers him to work as a barker, but our hero does not want to be a scarecrow, and runs away to spend the night in church after another unsuccessful attempt to explain himself to his parents.
The next morning he came up with a plan of action. Having learned to cook well while serving with the old woman, he decides to go to the palace of the local ruler (the Duke) to become a cook. They laugh at him, but he passes the test with flying colors and is hired. This serves as the beginning of a sadomasochistic relationship (although this is revealed later) between him and the Duke. At first, this relationship looks ideal - despite the fact that before the Duke often cursed and punished the cooks, everyone only praises our hero.
Two years pass. Everyone already recognizes Dwarf Nose as the best cook at court. Thus, he could not achieve acceptance as a person; he only achieved acceptance as a professional in his field. One day he buys geese at the market, and one goose asks him not to kill her. They bond on the basis of “comrades in misfortune”; She believes him that he is not a dwarf and was a squirrel, and he believes her that she is the enchanted daughter of a great wizard.
The prince, a famous gourmand, comes to visit the duke. The hero successfully copes with complex dishes until they finally demand a pie that is unfamiliar to him. He immediately gets upset, but the goose remembers the recipe. The prince says that the pie is not as tasty as he is used to, because it lacks some kind of herb. The Duke promises to decorate the wall of the palace with the head of a dwarf, if tomorrow the pie does not satisfy the guest, and the hero runs away to the goose again. The goose says that he remembers, but they need to go look together. When they find the right herb, Nose remembers that it is the same herb he smelled in his dream and sniffs it. The witchcraft dissipates, and he, already in an inverted, sadistic position towards the Duke (before this he was threatened with violence, and now he himself “punishes”), runs away with the goose and part of the money he earned to her father. Her father cast a spell on his goose daughter and “ gave Jacob a lot of money and gifts" The hero, instead of playing the wedding expected by the reader, “ immediately returned to his hometown. His father and mother greeted him with joy - he had become so handsome and brought so much money!”
In general, the fairy tale ends with a sad ending. It can be seen as a parallel of splitting - on the one hand, the real world with parents, for whom it is a narcissistic continuation (the mother is understandable, and the father, although absent at first, in the end rejoices at the handsome man with the money. And when the hero appears before him in the form of a dwarf, he complains , What " And he already knew something about the craft, and he was a handsome man. He would have been able to lure customers, I wouldn’t have to put in patches now - I’d only sew new shoes"). On the other hand, the world of the old woman - the bad mother and the duke - the superego.
At the very end it is mentioned that because of the escape from the palace, a war broke out. So, having returned to his primary object (and at this moment he was approximately 21-22 years old), his super-ego rebelled. But peace was achieved. Sadly.
“That’s the whole story about Dwarf Nose.”
1st year student, Vadim Korostiev-Rykov
Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman. They sowed turnips in the field. So the bear got into the habit of stealing turnips.
The old man went to look at the turnips: there were a lot of them picked and scattered. The old woman says: “Who picked this? People? They would have taken it away! Come on, old man, watch the turnip!”
The old man went on guard for the night; went to bed So the bear came and was tearing his turnips. The narwhal was pregnant and dragged him outside the garden. (The turnip was fragile). As soon as he jumped over the garden, the old man ran, threw him with an ax, and cut off the bear’s paw. He threw the ax here, and he ran away and hid.
The bear walked away on three legs, and the old man got out, took the bear's paw, and took it home. He took it home, peeled it off, and set it to cook - he wanted to eat. “And he gave the fur to the old woman: “Here,” he said, “the old woman, grab some bear fur - it will come in handy!”
The old woman sat down to spin. The bear made a fake leg and went; and her leg creaked: it was freezing. Here the bear comes and says:
Creak, creak, leg,
Creak, fake!
Everyone in the villages is sleeping,
They sleep in the villages;
One woman does not sleep -
Sits on my skin
He's cooking my paw,
Spinning my fur!
The old woman sensed this and said: “Come on, old man, lock the doors: the bear is coming.” The old man went out into the street and said to the bear: “Brother bear! You take the tops, and give me the bottoms!” - "OK!" - the bear says: he doesn’t know much about turnips, he doesn’t understand anything. The old man stole the turnip home and left one netina for the bear.
So the old man went to reap bread. The bear came to him in the field: “No,” he said, “the old man, now give me the bottom, and take the top for yourself!” Not sweet! So the old man says: “Take it, little bear! Take it, bro! Then bring it from below, after we thresh it.”
After threshing, the bear took the straw to his den, and the old man brought the bread home.
I assumed that in this tale the scenario of a positive Oedipus is played out.
The fairy tale begins with the phrase: “...once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman...”, i.e. we can assume that there lived an ordinary complete family, in which there was both a father and a mother. And they (the old man and the old woman) planted turnips in their garden. Z. Freud in his theory of psychosexual development turned to myths. Therefore, I also allowed myself to think a little about the meaning of the symbol “Sown field / vegetable garden” among the ancient Slavs and discovered that it belongs to the Trypillian culture of the Proto-Slavs (5 - 3 thousand BC) From Neolithic times to the present, ideographic meaning this symbol has not changed - “here we see the very complex that was expressed in ancient Rus' by the concept of a “woman in labor” - the patroness of both fertility and productivity.” And if we assume that an old man and an old woman sowed a field with turnips, then apparently we are talking about the parent’s bedroom and the first fantasy: where do children come from?
And here another character appears in the fairy tale - a bear. I assumed that this was their naughty, restless child, who was so curious about what was happening behind the closed door of his parents’ bedroom that he got into the habit of getting in there and stealing turnips (not even stealing, just throwing them around). Apparently, we are talking about the fact that a little boy constantly asks to go to his parents’ bed with his mother at night. And here it is important to pay attention to the fact that the mother likes this, since the bear got into the habit of stealing turnips, which means that the mother could not cope with her mistress’s censorship. So, our old man got tired of the situation with his place being stolen next to his beloved woman and he decided to watch for the bear. And indeed, at night a bear comes and tears his turnip. The old man got angry, “... ran up, threw him with an ax, and cut off the bear’s paw...”. “He threw the ax here, and he ran away and hid.” What kind of fear did the old man experience, and who was he more afraid of - the bear he defeated, or himself, his anger, his rage?
In essence, the bear was castrated (a part of its body, a paw, was cut off). The bear goes home, hobbling on three legs, and the old man came out of hiding, took the severed paw and took this trophy to the old woman, like a real warrior - a winner from archaic legends. “... I tore it off, set it to cook - I wanted to eat. And he gave the wool to the old woman.”
Well, the bear recovered from the injury that the old man is still stronger and made himself a “false leg.” If we turn again to the associations on the topic of the word “linden”, then we can assume that this word means not only the composition (what is made from linden), but also something that is “not”, unreal, fake. People often hear the expression “fake scientist”, “fake writer”. And in this case, the first part of the fairy tale is perhaps about something that never happened, which means about fantasies, fear of castration, a son’s love for his mother and a certain omnipotence and superiority over his father when he (the boy) takes his place.
We can also think that the “fake leg” is a kind of disappointment of the child, about a narcissistic scar in his soul, about a shortcoming.
So, the bear gets overexcited, identifies himself with the aggressive old man who deprived him of part of his body, makes himself a fake leg and goes back to the old woman.
“Creak, creak, leg,
Creak, fake!
Everyone in the villages is sleeping,
They sleep in the villages;
One woman does not sleep -
Sits on my skin
He's cooking my paw,
He’s spinning my fur!”
The old woman got scared: “Come on, you’re an old man, lock the doors - the bear is coming.”
But the old man turned out to be wiser and decided to deal with his son’s obsessive attraction to his mother with cunning.
At the beginning, he invites the bear to take the top of the turnip and leave the bottom to him. The bear agrees, however, when he realizes that he was deceived, he again goes to his father in the “field”, when he plants wheat and says: “No. Now give me the bottom, and take the top for yourself. Not sweet! To which, of course, the old man agrees.
This is where the fairy tale ends, thanks to which we see how the Oedipal conflict is resolved.
The bear refuses the sweets of the garden, as he receives a powerful ban; understands that the old man is older, smarter, wiser and more cunning. He (the boy) cannot cope with him. Thus, using the example of this fairy tale, we get the opportunity to see the completion of infantile neurosis. About which S. Freud wrote in his work “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality.”
It is interesting to note that there are several options for the ending of this tale. In one of them, a bear eats an old man and an old woman, and this option is also interesting because the child internalizes the parents, that is, places real objects in internal representations and structures.
1st year student, Yulia Antonova
Topic: "V. Gauf "Dwarf Nose"
Purpose of the lesson : introduce the children to V. Gauf’s new fairy tale.
Lesson Objectives:
Compare Gauff's fairy tale with a fairy tale that belongs to folklore;
Identify the features of the literary fairy tale genre in general and this fairy tale in particular:
Cultivate a sense of empathy
Lesson progress:
Org. moment
There is no fairy tale more bizarre. than life itself
G. H. Andersen
Dear guys! Today we will get acquainted with another wonderful fairy tale “Dwarf Nose”, the author of which is V. Gauff, the greatest German writer and storyteller.
Let's listen. what kind of person was he? He lived only 25 years, but went down in the history of world literature as the greatest writer and storyteller.
Performance by prepared students:
1) Wilhelm Hauff was born in the German city of Stuttgart at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1802, the family of Mr. Gauff, a ministerial official, was large and very friendly. Everyone especially loved the little inventor and prankster Wilhelm. Mom read him at night the most interesting books that could be bought in bookstores, and dreamed of seeing her son in the future as a famous scientist or writer.
2) At the gymnasium and university, Wilhelm was a leader among his classmates. Everyone loved him for his eloquence and wit. An inexhaustible inventor. he gets up to mischief that no one thinks of except him.
3) Having lost his father early, Wilhelm realized that in later life he must rely only on himself.
Even in his early youth, as a student, he... wrote. He writes poetry, stories, novels and even memoirs. And at the age of 20 he is already a recognized writer.
After graduating from seminary. he becomes a home teacher in a noble family. I., teaching children various sciences, composes fairy tales for them. And soon adults listened with enthusiasm to Gauff’s magical stories and advised him to publish the fairy tales in separate collections, which were published in 1825.
Gauff sees the origins of the fairy tale in man’s irrepressible desire to “rise above everyday life,” on the one hand, and on the other, in the desire for creativity and empathy. For only the spirit of creativity gives a feeling of freedom, blurs the line between reality and fiction.
That is why the fairy tale was the favorite genre in Gauff’s creative heritage.
Conversation on the work
- But it’s not only Gauff who chooses this particular genre with pleasure; what made other writers and storytellers create their works?
Features of the literary fairy tale genre:
Fairy tales mostly end well;
Many writers are pleased with the possibility of creating a bright atmosphere that dominates the fairy-tale world;
As in folk tales, in literary fairy tales good always triumphs over evil:
Following the events of a fairy tale is very exciting, but while entertaining, the fairy tale teaches.
And in order to answer the question of what this tale of Gauff teaches us, why the hero is punished, what trials he needs to overcome, we must turn to the content of this tale.
4. Consideration of illustrations
Let's look at the illustrations of a medieval city, because the entire action of the fairy tale takes place in a German city where the shoemaker Friedrich and his wife Hannah lived. She sold fruits and vegetables from her small garden at the market, helped by her son Jacob, a slender, handsome boy. , quite tall for his twelve years.
This boy will be the hero of our fairy tale.
One day, the usual course of life for this family is disrupted by one event.
- Which?
The appearance of an old sorceress on the market.
That's how it was.
(Staging of a fragment of a fairy tale.
Exercise for the eyes
Selective reading.
And here miracles and magical transformations begin.
- Why and how does the old woman punish Jacob and how does she reward him?
For his harshness and disrespect towards the old woman, for his impudent and defiant address, Jacob loses his parents for many years, loses his appearance and becomes a dwarf with a funny and even slightly frightening appearance. But as a reward for his obedience, the old woman treats Jacob to soup, which she herself prepared. (find the passage in the text)
“Eat, son,” she said. “Eat this soup and you will be as beautiful as me.” And you will become a good cook - you need to know some kind of craft.
But Jacob saw it differently. His heart was literally breaking with frustration. An old woman stole seven years of his life, and what did he get for it?
He not only learned to cook various dishes, peel coconut shells and polish glass floors, he acquired a wealth of life experience, a friend in Mimi and the ability to be sensitive and attentive to the people around him. Jacob's regret was not that he had lost his good looks, but that his parents had driven him away like a dog.
-What helped Jacob leave the old sorceress?
He discovered strange herbs in the pantry that he had never come across before.
Their stems were greenish, and on each stem there was a bright red flower with a yellow rim. Jacob brought one flower to his nose... sneezed several times and woke up.
Well, what a dream it was! It's like it's real! - Jacob thought. - Mother will laugh, but she’ll also hit me.
For Jacob, time stood still. Stopped time frees you from problems, but deprives you of the opportunity to experience true joy and experience life in all its fullness. But it wasn’t just weed that helped him remember everything that happened to him. Love for parents and responsibility towards them forces Jacob to leave the old sorceress’s house as quickly as possible, despite the plaintive squeaking of guinea pigs and squirrels.
This is the law of any fairy tale; the hero must go through trials, overcome obstacles and must receive some kind of reward.
A special difference between literary fairy tales, especially if we are talking about the fairy tales of G. H. Andersen, V. Hauff, C. Perrault, is that good and evil fight not in the outside world, but in the human soul and the victory of good or victory over evil spells can take place if the hero is able to make an extraordinary effort, to find in himself the strength capable of resisting evil.
Having become a dwarf, Jacob experienced humiliation, persecution, ridicule, but acquired the ability to be sensitive and attentive to others. For this he gained the respect of the Duke's subjects and Mimi's friendship. After all, Jacob got rid of the witchcraft spell only with the help of Mimi. Thanks to compassion, kindness and participation in the fate of Mimi, which, of course, lived in his heart.
- Mimi the goose is also a very important character in the fairy tale. What can you say about her?
This is a wonderful helper - a traditional character in all fairy tales. It is interesting that in many literary fairy tales there are characters who have taken the form of a bird: in Zhukovsky in “The Tale of Tsar Berendey” there is a duck (Vasilisa the Beautiful), in Andersen’s fairy tale “Wild Swans” Eliza’s brothers were enchanted into beautiful wild birds, in “Finist” -clear falcon” Finist turns into a falcon.
Consolidation
So, the miraculous helper is a traditional element of both folk and literary fairy tales.
Now let's talk about the differences between this fairy tale and a folk tale:
There is no traditional beginning and ending;
Not at the end of the wedding feast;
There is no magic number three:
No traditional epithets
One option, but different translations (we will talk about the art of translation when we study Zhukovsky’s ballads).
And finally, the hero in a folk tale has fairly traditional traits: he must be fearless. resourceful. strong - this is all included in the concept of “good fellow”. The heroes of a literary fairy tale, like any other literary work, have their own individual traits.
The concept of a literary hero. He has his own individual characteristics. His character is revealed in his appearance, actions, words and even gestures, that is, he is more psychological than the hero of a folk tale.
-Does your attitude towards Jacob change at the beginning of the tale and at the end?
(At the beginning of the fairy tale we experience interest, at the end - sympathy and great respect)
- At what point do you sympathize with Jacob especially strongly? Why?
(When his father beat him and kicked him out.)
(When the heads of cabbage turned into heads).
- What caused your indignation and indignation?
(The injustice of the parents. The cruelty of the old woman, the gluttony of the Duke).
Your answers indicate that you are all kind and sympathetic children; I think that this was greatly facilitated by reading fairy tales, both folk and literary. And I hope that you will pick up fairy tale books again and again, get acquainted with new heroes and their wonderful adventures, because, in the words of Gauff,
“a fairy tale does good, pleases the heart, cheers the eyes; she tries to provide a fun hour, but while entertaining, she teaches..., presenting life as a miracle.”
Questions for the lesson:
- How would you like to end the fairy tale?
- Identify key scenes.
(Key scenes:
1 Meeting with an old woman at the market.
2. Transformation in the house of a witch.
3. Jacob's return to the city in the form of a dwarf.
4. Expulsion from home.
5. In the Duke's service.
6.Releasing Mimi.
7. Search for weed and disposal.)
- Identify the features of Gauff’s literary fairy tale.
Homework
Wilhelm Hauff's fairy tale "Dwarf Nose" is addressed to people of all ages. Of course, children will not understand many of the allegories of the fairy tale without appropriate explanations from teachers or parents. And adults will understand the intricacies of understanding fairy-tale images only if they have developed the ability to read between the lines.
The main character of the tale is Jacob, a twelve-year-old handsome boy, the son of a shoemaker and a vegetable seller. A boy helps his mother at the market. A meeting with the old sorceress Grass is the beginning of life's trials for Jacob. For seven years, a boy turned into a squirrel serves an evil old woman, while studying the art of cooking.
In a philosophical sense, the transformation of a person into a small animal is interpreted as a significant decline on the social ladder. Having accidentally found magic herb in the sorceress's house, Jacob again takes on the appearance of a man. However, the witch's curse prevents the young man from regaining his true appearance. From a handsome boy, Jacob turns into an ugly dwarf.
And here the attentive reader sees a connection with the initial moment of the boy’s meeting with Grass. Seven years ago, Jacob, indignant at the sorceress's nagging about his mother's goods, uttered words that no salesman should say. The boy allowed himself to raise aloud the question of the old woman’s ugly appearance. In retaliation, the old sorceress gave Jacob exactly those types of ugliness that the boy mocked when scolding the unpleasant customer, Grassweaver.
Here lies an important element of the rules of conduct for sellers: a well-trained tradesman should never get personal in the process of selling goods. The customer must be served with the same patience and courtesy, regardless of his attractive or repulsive appearance!
Young Jacob, having undergone a bitter moment of realization that he had become ugly, found his place in life by using the cooking skill he acquired from the sorceress. The skill of the young Dwarf Nose, as he was called in the palace of the gourmet duke, forced all the courtiers to respect him and not focus on his ugliness.
The kindness and intelligence of Dwarf Nose help him appreciate the unusualness of the goose he bought at the market, which turned out to be the enchanted daughter of the sorcerer Mimi. Saving Mimi from being spit, Dwarf Nose, with the help of a magic goose, finds his salvation from trouble. The magic grass found by the goose returns Dwarf Nose to his natural appearance as a handsome Jacob. In real life, someone who is smart, kind, and hardworking will be liked by others no matter what they look like. .
IT'S NOT THE NOSE THAT BEAUTIFIES A PERSON...
The wonderful fairy tale of the German writer Wilhelm Hauff "Dwarf Nose" will not leave anyone indifferent - neither children nor adults. And therefore it is very good to read it out loud with the whole family, and then talk with the children about many important things that the author wanted to convey to his readers.
The fairy tale takes place in old Germany, and its main character is a twelve-year-old boy, Jacob, from a simple family, but such a handsome man that he is simply a sight for sore eyes. A miracle, not a boy!
Jacob often helped his mother sell vegetables at the market, but he was a mocking and lively boy and once offended an old woman who was carelessly choosing vegetables. He laughed angrily and rudely at the old woman’s appearance: at her long, ugly nose, at her clumsy fingers, at her thick neck. He scoffed from the heart, without thinking at all that it was painful and offensive for an old man to hear such words, that the old woman was not to blame for her ugliness and old age. No one explained to him, apparently, the common truths - about tact, delicacy, respect for old age, about the fact that you cannot look with all your eyes at other people's physical defects: by doing this you offend a person.
Of course, according to the laws of the fairy tale, the old woman turned out to be an evil witch, and the handsome boy had to pay bitterly for his mistakes. The sorceress lured Jacob to her palace and bewitched him there for 7 long years. Such a period, erased from human life - the best years of adolescence and youth - seems an exorbitant punishment. But in real life, sometimes you have to pay a very high price for your sins.
Fortunately, for Jacob, these seven years were not in vain: he learned all kinds of housework, and most importantly, he became an excellent, classy cook - he received an excellent profession for the rest of his life.
But if only this were the only punishment! Jacob returned to the world not as a handsome boy and not as a slender youth, but as an ugly, ugly dwarf with a huge nose hanging down to his chin, with long, gnarled arms right down to his heels and completely without a neck. “Everything he laughed at then... he received from the old woman for his ridicule.” And from now on, Jacob had to learn from personal experience what it was like to find himself in the skin of a freak, whom everyone makes fun of, whom everyone teases and strives to humiliate!
Of course, his parents did not recognize him, and the townspeople began to mock him angrily, choosing him as the target of their unkind witticisms and mockery.
Jacob had to become an adult very quickly: think about how to earn his bread, be responsible for all his actions, try not to get lost in this new life, so unkind to him. To the credit of “Dwarf Nose,” as he was nicknamed, he did not choose the easiest path for himself: to become a jester, demonstrating his ugliness for the amusement of the public. He preferred to really work: to be a cook in the Duke's palace. The palace caretaker was very surprised at his decision and said to Jacob: “If you were a court dwarf, you could do nothing, eat, drink, have fun and wear beautiful clothes, but you want to go to the kitchen!” But Jacob was not at all seduced by such a dream of many, many - to receive benefits without doing anything. He was just proud, had self-esteem and did not want to be a laughing stock. And he knew how to work perfectly! And soon, according to the recognition of everyone around him, he became a great master of culinary art. And lo and behold: people, having recognized his talent and hard work, seemed to stop noticing his ugliness. Now no one laughed at the dwarf. Everyone bowed low to him and respectfully made way. The townspeople intuitively understood that they should judge a person not by his appearance, but by his deeds.
Jacob had to go through many more amazing adventures before the fairy tale ended with a happy ending. And, of course, young readers will appreciate the poignancy and entertaining plot, magical transformations, miracles and very wise thoughts that Wilhelm Hauff tried to convey very clearly to children and adults too.
