UFO study in various countries. Scientific Approach to the Mystery of UFOs UFO Research
In the United States of America, there were also lengthy discussions about the existence of UFOs, and the Department of Defense, the Air Force and the CIA collected reports of UFO sightings from around the world and conducted secret research of these objects without the participation of the American Academy of Sciences.
But the fundamental difference between these studies and ours was that the Americans from the very beginning focused their attention on the search for wrecked objects and a thorough examination of their wreckage in order to obtain some practical results.
Shortly after the UFO crash north of Roswell in September 1947, the Chief of the Air Force Logistics Directorate, General N. Twining, sent the Air Force Chief of Staff, Lieutenant General X. Vandenberg, a secret document called "Opinion on Flying Discs", which was intended for the headquarters of the armed forces and the services of the Pentagon. In it, Twining wrote that "while there is no physical evidence in the form of debris from crashed discs, there continues to be uncertainty about the reality of these objects."
In his book, Corso writes that this was deliberate disinformation aimed at covering up the discovery of a UFO that crashed north of Roswell.
And in October 1947, the head of the Air Force Intelligence Directorate, General Shulgen, sent a secret message to all US intelligence agencies with a request to ensure a worldwide search for "flying saucer" aircraft.
This document said that we are talking about manned metal aircraft of unknown origin, with unmatched power, unprecedented speed, exceptional maneuverability and the ability to hover in the air, suddenly appear and disappear instantly. These apparatus in the form of discs, spheres or plates do not have known motors and are made of very lightweight materials. Most likely, these could be interplanetary spaceships.
In the same year, FBI Director E. Hoover agreed to assist in the collection of information about flying discs, subject to the FBI's access to the captured objects.
The UFO crash north of Roswell was first mentioned in the 1952 introduction document for Operation Madjestic 12 for President Eisenhower by Admiral Hillencotter and was classified as "Top Secret, For Eyes Only." This document said that as a result of the study of the Roswell object, its extraterrestrial origin was established, but it was not possible to unravel the principle of its movement.
Air Force Instruction 200-2, issued in 1952, indicated that discovered parts of flying discs should be immediately transported by air to the Air Force Science and Technology Center at Wright Patterson, and Air Force personnel were instructed to ensure the safety of the materials from which they were made.
And in 1993, an employee of one of the secret services handed over to the ufologist L. Strinfield a copy of the report on the accident with a flying saucer-plane that crashed near a test site in New Mexico. The document was signed by General N. Tuining on July 16, 1947 and sent to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General X. Vandenberg.
It stated that it was apparently the second UFO in the form of a disk, which lacked any known type of engine, and gave a description of the parts of this apparatus. German scientists Werner von Braun, August Steinhofer, and Theodor von Karman were involved to examine it (4).
In 1994, a copy of another document published in 1954, entitled "Alien Beings and Extraterrestrial Technologies. Instructions for Detection, Evacuation, Containment and Storage", fell into the hands of American ufologists. The document was also labeled "Top Secret. Magic. For Eyes Only" and was directly related to Operation Magic-12.
It indicated that to date, a fairly large number of debris and parts of crashed spaceships and the corpses of aliens have already been discovered, which are being investigated in various scientific centers.
The document also said that the main task of the "Madzhic-12" group is the detection and removal of all materials, parts and creatures of alien origin for the purpose of their scientific study. And if necessary, their delivery from the territory of other states - the development and implementation of appropriate secret operations in conjunction with the CIA.
However, the motives for the appearance on our planet of extraterrestrial objects and their creators are still unknown.
It concluded that aircraft wreckage and alien corpses were being transported to Area 51, Site S-4, Blue Laboratory at Wright Patterson and Building 21 at Kirtland Base in Albuquerque.
Immediately after the discovery of the wrecked alien ship, the Blue Fly project was put into operation, the purpose of which is alien technologies and materials. And the Moon Dust project provided for the localization, collection and removal of spacecraft of foreign origin from their crash or landing sites.
United States embassies and consulates in all countries were instructed to report all information relating to research on non-US spacecraft or objects of extraterrestrial origin, also codenamed "Moon dust".
The data in the instructions relating to Operation Majestic 12 indicate that its authors were part of the circle of insiders, and the Blue Fly and Moon Dust projects really existed.
It is not clear only how the document, published in 1954, could talk about artificial satellites of the Earth, if the first of them appeared only after 3 years, and why it was recommended to use Zone-51 for storing UFO debris, although it began to be laid only in 1955.
In connection with these errors, doubts arose about the authenticity of this instruction, although in the 1960s, it seems, some refinements were simply made to it.
The scale of UFO research in the United States is evidenced by a number of other classified projects devoted to this topic.
American ufologists managed to obtain a copy of the largely "abbreviated" censored top secret document "Project Aquarius", which says that it was created by order of President Eisenhower and is part of Operation Magic-12, and the name "Aquarius" was given to him in 1969 after the abolition of the Blue Book project.
The aim of "Aquarius" is to collect scientific, technical, medical and intelligence information about UFOs and contacts with extraterrestrial life forms.
This document provided information on four other top secret projects:
- "Redlight" - aims to test in flight a captured extraterrestrial ship;
- "Snowbird" - with the task of building and testing flying saucer-type aircraft in flight;
- "Pones" - for evaluating all UFOs in order to obtain information on technology related to space flights;
- "Sigma" - has as its purpose to establish communication with aliens and is carried out at one of the air force bases in the state of New Mexico. This project achieved its first success in 1959, when the Americans allegedly managed to establish primitive contact with aliens.
And on April 25, 1964, an Air Force intelligence officer allegedly met with two aliens in the designated desert area of \u200b\u200bNew Mexico.
The meeting lasted about 3 hours and they managed to exchange certain information. All this information was recorded in the official document, Project Aquarius.
To make sure that such a project really exists, Timothy Good in 1986 asked the National Security Agency about this and received a written response from the head of the information department that he could familiarize himself with the documents of this project, having paid 15 thousand dollars. However, the NSA later informed Goode that the project was still top secret and that its disclosure could damage national security.
But importantly, the NSA has officially recognized the existence of the Aquarius project.
Why is the leak and disclosure of top secret information about UFO research by the American authorities?
According to some ufologists, this leak was organized by an influential group that existed and exists among the military and special services and believes that it is high time to tear the veil of secrecy from the UFO problem.
The American press cited many reports that the wrecked extraterrestrial ships found in different parts of the American continent were immediately taken by the American military authorities and taken to secret research centers, and their research has always been the most closely guarded state secret. This is confirmed by the statements of a number of high-ranking officials who are very far from ufology.
Back in 1951, the former US Secretary of State, General Marshall, said that in three cases of forced landing of UFOs, which ended in the death of the crews, the American authorities managed to get these objects.
In 1983, the president of the Washington Institute of Technology R. Sarbacher wrote that "various materials obtained from crashed flying saucers have proved to be extremely durable and are carefully studied in our laboratories."
In 1989, the former director of the National Security Agency, Admiral N. Inman, confirmed that the US Department of Defense has several disc-shaped UFOs the size of two trucks, and their intensive super-secret research continues.
In the same year, Brigadier General A. Exxon, who served at Wright-Patterson AFB in 1947, confirmed that the wreckage of a UFO that crashed north of Roswell had indeed been brought to this base and subjected to various studies there.
But only after the publication of F. Corso's book "The Day After Roswell" it became known what practical results were given to the United States by UFO research.
In his book, Corso writes that, based on the study of a UFO that crashed north of Roswell, American scientists came to the conclusion that this object was a giant capacitor, inside which there was an unknown source of electrical energy, and the body of the object was able to store and conduct a huge current. A powerful electromagnetic field was created around the object, which made it possible to compensate for the effect of external gravity on the object. And the strength of this field was regulated by the controls.
An autopsy of the bodies of the creatures found near this object gave the following results: they did not have digestive and excretory organs, and there were no food supplies or water inside the object. In this regard, it has been suggested that these creatures may have been "powered" by electromagnetic energy from their ship and were humanoid robots created specifically for long-distance travel through space and time.
In the crashed object, no controls such as levers, pedals, consoles, shields, cables were found. The researchers got the impression that the crew members received information about the actions of the ship's systems through "supports" with recesses for all fingers, and controlled the ship through "headbands" in which their brain impulses were transformed into control signals.
But the most important thing in Corso's book is his assertion that the results of studies of the crashed UFOs largely determined the directions of the search for the latest technologies by American scientists.
According to Corso, even during the study of the wreckage of the Roswell UFO in the laboratories of the Department of Defense, data were obtained on the alleged purpose of some devices of this object, as well as on the composition and properties of individual materials from which they were made.
Based on these data, a number of promising areas were outlined, along which it was decided to continue work in order to obtain simplified copies of some extraterrestrial samples for improving the then existing American military equipment.
To this end, a number of large companies involved in military projects, such as Bell Systems, General Electric, DuPont, Monsanto, Lockheed, and others, were planted with the initial development of some ideas borrowed from UFOs, with in such a way that these companies, using their powerful economic and laboratory research base, continue to refine these ideas, without assuming that they are related to the Roswell UFO.
Here is a list of just some of the materials, debris and devices of the Roswell and other crashed UFOs, the ideas of which were used by American companies to create new models of technology.
1. Round, crackers-like plates made of silicon and lined with thin wires, which were electrical microcircuits. They were transferred to the Bell company, where the ideas of their design were used in 1949 to create transistors, and 10 years later - to create integrated circuits - the foundations of future personal computers.
2. Pieces of material similar to metal foil, which could be crumpled as desired, but it took the same shape, but it was impossible to cut it. This material consisted of the ship's skin and crew overalls. Some of the pieces were donated to DuPont and Monsanto, and in 1965, DuPont announced the creation of a bulletproof Kevlar fabric. The same idea was later used to create composite materials that can withstand enormous pressures and temperatures (the Shuttle program - ablative) and are not detected by radars (Stealth technology).
3. An object similar to a pocket torch that emitted an invisible beam capable of burning holes at a distance. With beams from such devices, the aliens cut holes in the corpses of slaughtered animals to extract internal organs.
The idea behind this device was used initially to create laser sights and laser guidance systems for missiles, and later to create powerful lasers capable of shooting down satellites and missile warheads.
4. Transparent thin wires or fibers through which it was possible to transmit light and any other information. Bell used this idea to create fiber optics.
5. Thin dark filters worn over the eyes of crew members through which one could see in the dark. Based on this idea, prototypes of night vision devices were released in 1963.
6. Headbands, which were fitted with similarities of electrical sensors, with their help the crew members could read information from onboard systems, communicate with each other and, possibly, control the ship.
7. "Stands" with the prints of both hands of each crew member, which apparently also served to receive information from the onboard systems and control them.
8. The reports of scientists also said that after studying one device on the ship, it turned out that it is capable of generating powerful beams of excited electrons and directing them to any target. The speed of the flow of these electrons was equal to the speed of light, and the beam could be held on the target until it had an appropriate effect. On the basis of this, it has now been possible to create a beam weapon capable of hitting not only missile warheads, but also UFOs.
Other devices of unknown purpose were also found on the alien ships.
Of course, Corso somewhat exaggerated his role in the assimilation by American companies of the ideas embedded in various devices of the wrecked extraterrestrial ships, if only because he began to do this only in 1961, that is, 14 years after the UFO crash north of Roswell.
Corso only casually mentioned that other departments of the American armed forces had their portions of Roswell items and documents and also participated in the race for alien technology, passing certain information to some companies.
Such serious research was conducted from the outset at the Center for Aeronautical Technical Intelligence at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and in the CIA laboratories.
Unable to refute Corso's revelations about the American authorities using ideas borrowed from extraterrestrial technologies to develop their military equipment, the US Air Force tried to somehow belittle the role of these revelations and called Corso's book "a bunch of empty fantasies of an old retirement." At the same time, attempts were made to withdraw its circulation from stores, measures were taken to prevent the publication of Corso's second, unfinished book after his death.
But in a 1998 case of the US Department of Defense's concealment of critical UFO information in a Phoenix County court, Corso affirmed under oath the veracity of all the facts he had gathered.
But soon all speculation about this book and the debate about whether Corso's revelations could be believed stopped.
The American leadership, apparently, again applied the well-known tactic of no comment, that is, no comment, because if you begin to refute Corso, new evidence of his innocence may appear, and then the government will be accused of deception. And if you agree with what Corso wrote, it means admitting that before that the public was deceived, which now, in accordance with the freedom of information law, will seek to provide all information on this issue, which is contrary to American interests.
Evidence has indeed surfaced to support Corso's case.
In 1998, the president of the American Computer Company D. Shulman confirmed that, according to the discovered documents, the first transistor was actually copied from the wreckage of a UFO that crashed north of Roswell. During the Second World War and in the early post-war years, only vacuum tube amplifiers were used in the radio equipment of the leading countries, and work continued on their further improvement. And the employees of the Bell Systems company, in the process of examining the part of the UFO wreckage transferred to them, found that among them unusual devices made from pieces of silicon with arsenic, packed in microscopic cases, it turns out, can successfully replace vacuum tubes. These devices were then called "transistors", and already in 1949 their production was launched in the USA (.170).
So if Corso and Shulman told the truth, then the unexpected breakthrough in the field of computer, laser and other advanced technologies in the United States and related countries in the 1960s-1970s, perhaps, really happened as a result of borrowing some ideas and materials from the victims UFO crash.
Thus, while our ideologues and academics fought against the bourgeois pseudoscience of cybernetics and stigmatized people who believed in flying saucers, American scientists with their usual practicality used the results of research on UFO wreckage to improve their technology and technology.
And information coming from the top secret Area-51 in the state of Nevada, in which the American Center for the Study of Extraterrestrial Technologies is supposedly located, shows that the leadership of the United States continues persistent attempts to further master UFO technologies and master their unusual properties and can achieve even more tangible results.
It's a shame for our state!
President George W. Bush made a very significant statement in 2003 when he presented the 2004 budget proposal to Congress. He said that "several important scientific discoveries made over the past decade show that habitable worlds beyond Earth are much more real than previously thought. Space aliens surely exist, and their detection is a matter of time." Apparently, Bush had sufficient grounds for such a statement.
Branch of the Federal State Educational Institution "Moscow State University of Culture and Art" in the city of Norilsk.
Abstract on the topic: UFO study.
in the course "Concepts of modern natural science".
Performed:
1st year student
Misyura Anastasia
Olegovna
Checked:
Khazieva M.Kh.
Associate Professor Ph.D.
Norilsk, 2009
Introduction.
What are UFOs?
Hypotheses of the origin of UFOs.
Types of UFOs.
Varieties of UFOs.
The psychic influence of UFOs on humans.
Conclusion.
Introduction.
In the last decade, against the backdrop of the onslaught in the mass consciousness of another historical wave of mysticism, the question of extraterrestrial civilizations, their searches and contacts with them has become widespread. Passion for the search for UFOs and the passionate expectation of aliens from extraterrestrial civilizations almost became widespread. Sometimes this hobby takes on the obvious features of mass psychosis - almost monthly in the media (including quite serious ones) there is "information" about aliens who have shown themselves, contacts with them. There are no reports of found evidence of a visit to Earth by representatives of highly developed intelligent civilizations in the past ...
So what is a UFO?
UFO - stands for unknown flying object... This name is given to an object or rays that appear in the sky and still have no intelligible explanation of their existence. UFOs are rare, unusual phenomena, and very few have seen them. The science of UFO research is called ufology. Today, UFO is called any object that appears in the sky - often it is mistaken for airplanes, helicopters, air anomalies, etc. In the 70s. XX century. in the USSR, a real boom in paranormal phenomena began. Many ufologists quickly "multiplied" who spoke about the appearance of aliens. At the same time, many fantastic stories appeared - both really interesting and graphomaniac. Research was carried out - by scientists and the military, who, however, could not give a concrete answer to the question - are we alone in the Universe.
Hypotheses of the Origin of UFOs.
1. Hypothesis of the alien origin of UFOs.
Today in the world there are no rigorous scientific arguments in favor of the alien genesis of UFOs. And the most important thing here - no one saw how they start from there. After all, everything that we see in connection with UFOs takes place on Earth and in near-Earth space. From here, we must begin the search for causes and effects: around us and inside us.
And because it turns out that the alien hypothesis is waiting to be confirmed, it doesn't get any easier today. Everything seemed so clear, but in fact, we, having said goodbye to naive ideas, found ourselves on the distant approaches to the problem.
Today's understatement of the alien hypothesis does not mean its inconsistency and unviability. It must be proven by all possible scientific methods. Pluralism of hypotheses is the wealth of UFOlogy.
2. Hypothesis of the terrestrial origin of UFOs.
Many researchers, having worked for several years in ufology, are beginning to understand that not everything fits into the alien model.
One of the hypotheses of the terrestrial origin of UFOs is the hypothesis of multidimensional space. This is a complex physical, mathematical and philosophical question that characterizes the variability of approaches. One of them professes the existence of not 3-dimensional (terrestrial) space, but 4-, 5-, 6- and even 7-dimensional space, from where UFOs can enter our world.
There are a lot of hypotheses. But in recent years, more and more empirical and experimental evidence has been received for the field life form hypothesis.
3. The hypothesis of field life forms
.
Based on the conclusions of T. Konstable, L. Bokkone, V. Kaznacheev, we can talk about the existence on Earth, next to us, of subtle invisible forms of intelligent life that arose many millions or even billions of years ago. These forms are older than us, wiser than us and more humane than us. More humane because they do not use their technological superiority against us.
What then, in the light of what has been said, are “flying saucers”? Apparently, these are temporary protective containers of the elements of this thinking ether formed, if necessary, which ensure their fast and safe movement in a dense medium (for example, in the atmosphere or hydrosphere).
The descent spacecraft burns, entering the dense atmosphere. The astronauts are protected by armor. The elements of the thinking ether, their temporal totality, are protected by the "flying saucer". Dense in dense, discharged in discharged. The need for protection has disappeared - the "plate" melts before our eyes, dissolves.
4. Hypothesis of parallel worlds.
Calculations of theorists suggest that the Universe, possibly, consists of two superimposed on one another, very weakly connected, almost transparent to each other worlds. Worlds, coinciding with all their points of support, each of which is like a shadow of the other. That is, it is quite possible that in our neighborhood in the same space and time there is a parallel world - invisible, exactly the same as ours, and maybe completely different, because, despite the identity of physical laws, real conditions are strong differ even on neighboring planets, and here we are talking about worlds that separated 15 - 20 billion years ago.
These worlds should have the same sets of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, simple and complex molecules - in a word, everything that is determined by physical laws. Just like ours, the substance of the shadow world should be scattered across space in the form of stars and galaxies passing through the same stages of evolution as the space objects we observe. But more subtle material structures, depending on subtle chemical and biological processes, can be quite unexpected.
Types of UFOs.
Very small objects, which are balls or disks with a diameter of 20-100 cm, which fly at low altitudes, sometimes fly out of larger objects and return to them.
Small UFO, having an egg-shaped and disc-shaped shape and a diameter of 2-3 m. They usually fly at low altitude and most often land.
Major UFOs,most often discs with a diameter of 9-40 m, the height of which in the central part is 1 / 5-1 / 10 of their diameter. The main UFOs make independent flights in any layer of the atmosphere and sometimes land. Smaller objects can be detached from them.
Large UFOs, usually in the form of cigars or cylinders with a length of 100-800 meters or more. They appear mainly in the upper atmosphere, do not make difficult maneuvers, and sometimes hover at high altitudes. There is speculation that large UFOs can fly in space. There are also known individual cases of observation of giant discs with a diameter of 100-200 m.
Varieties of UFOs.
"Solid" objects
Western ufologists often call "hard" objects UFOs, which have the appearance of solid bodies, that is, by the appearance of consisting of matter. Some of these objects may even look metallic. According to D. Keel, "hard" objects are not a real form of UFOs, but exist solely to divert people's attention from the actions of "soft" objects.
Below are some of the most frequently illuminated types of "solid" unidentified flying objects.
Disc-shaped objects. Disc-shaped objects can be of various sizes. The disks could have similarities to antennas, stabilizers, or windows. Discs could glow brightly, they could shine like metal. In some cases, disc-shaped UFOs could appear to be made of "metal plates".
Triangular objects. The most famous triangular UFOs are the so-called "Belgian triangles" - objects that can sharply change the speed and direction of flight.
Spindle-shaped objects - UFO in the form of two cones with a common base. Such objects were reported to fly with an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the ground, and the presence of some "wires" was sometimes noted at the top.
Aircrafts. In some cases, the observation of unidentified "flying vehicles" is reported, such as airplanes of black helicopters, airships, missiles, either without identification marks, or endowed with properties uncharacteristic of aircraft known to science.
"Soft" objects
"Soft" objects are called UFOs that do not produce the impression of being composed of matter, in particular, a mysterious glow, fog with unusual properties, lights.
The mental impact of UFOs on people.
The impact of UFOs on the psyche of people, which manifests itself in various forms, deserves special consideration. First of all, it should be noted that people have different sensitivity, as a result of which they perceive UFOs differently. There are a number of cases when some people, long before the appearance of UFOs, experienced some unreasonably excited state and a premonition of something unusual. Sometimes the very fact of the appearance of a UFO has a significant impact on the psyche of people. At this moment, some suddenly wake up, feeling a feeling of some kind of uneasiness, and go to the windows, where they see a UFO that has appeared.
Particularly strong specific impact on the psyche of people has their stay in the immediate vicinity of the UFO. In some cases, it causes a feeling of fear or even horror among eyewitnesses.
Perhaps this feeling of fear is caused by the radiation emanating from the UFO.
Experiments conducted in different countries have shown that getting into an electromagnetic field of a certain, very high frequency, a person begins to feel a sense of fear and depression.
There are also known cases when a UFO or rays emanating from it brought eyewitnesses into a state of intense excitement.
Sometimes close encounters with UFOs ended with more severe consequences for eyewitnesses, associated with a strong nervous shock, causing a general disturbance of the mental state.
Sometimes UFOs, apparently, affect the subconsciousness of eyewitnesses, and this impact continues for some time and after meeting with the UFO. This is expressed in the fact that in some cases people who were in the immediate vicinity of these objects remember everything that happened to them before and after the meeting with the UFO, but what happened during the meeting itself completely falls out of their memory. Sometimes this gap can be restored using the so-called regressive hypnosis.
However, experts in hypnosis point out that there is no complete certainty that the picture restored by the hypnotized corresponds to the truth, and is not induced by their subconsciousness.
Along with this, other cases are known when, with the help of hypnosis, it was not possible to force eyewitnesses to remember what happened to them during the time while their consciousness was turned off. And in some cases, eyewitnesses themselves, without any hypnosis, gradually recalled all the circumstances of their encounter with a UFO.
The impact of UFOs on the psyche of some people who found themselves near UFOs was expressed in the fact that after that they saw repeated and very real nightmares for several days, from which they woke up in a very excited state.
There were also recorded individual cases when people who found themselves near the landing objects, then slept for weeks and months for 16 hours a day. In very rare cases, after close encounters with UFOs, the mental abilities of eyewitnesses increased dramatically or they developed the ability to hypersensitive perception.
The impact of UFOs on the human subconscious has not yet been studied at all, although it is possible that it is in this direction that our main efforts should be increased in order to quickly find out the essence of the UFO phenomenon.
It is still completely unclear what is the mechanism of some of the manifestations of the physical and especially mental effects of UFOs on people.
It is only obvious that neither magnetic fields nor high-frequency radiation known to us are capable of affecting the human body in this way. Apparently, all this happens through some very subtle and as yet unknown to our science fields, possibly those with which parapsychology deals. In conclusion of this section, it should be noted that the physical and mental impact of UFOs on people is far from always manifested, and in some cases people who were in the immediate vicinity of the UFO did not feel any impact at all.
Conclusion.
Most people associate UFOs with a representative of an extraterrestrial civilization from space. In this essay, I highlighted other theories of the origin of UFOs, undeniably less known and popular among "ordinary" people. One thing is clear, UFOs do not come from “our” Earth, and the civilizations that send them are very far ahead of “our” Earth in technological development. Whether humanoids are space aliens or aliens from parallel worlds ... - someday we will definitely find out.
Used Books:
Logic concept
Abstract \u003e\u003e LogicCrimes, etc. Based studying a certain class of objects formed the concept ... gr. not explicit UFO | None UFO not explicit stud. ... stud. our. gr. there is UFO | some. UFO there is a studio. our. gr ... stud. our. gr. There is not- UFO... I Private \u003d O Private Some S ...
The plurality of inhabited worlds and the problem of the search for extraterrestrial civilization
Abstract \u003e\u003e BiologyInterpretations of unidentified flying objects ( UFO) antiquity and modernity. After all ... Theoretically, it cannot be ruled out that UFO can be a manifestation of activity ... began a practical search, selection and study of historically wrongful technicisms and geographically ...
"Vorontsov: UFO - the mystery of our time" Prosvet, Moscow: 1992.
"F.Yu. Siegel: Astronomy in its development ”M .: 1988.
“Yu.N. Efremov: Into the depths of the Universe "M .: 1984.
M. Gernstein: Secrets of UFOs and Aliens ”Owl, Moscow: 2007.
Jacques Vallee: The Great Mysteries of the Earth. Parallel world "Opus, M.: 1991.
“I.S. Shklovsky: Universe, Life, Mind ”M .: 1986.
The reductionist chain breaks, and when studying higher levels of organization of matter ... objects of a higher level lend themselves study, is that in ... astrophysics for studying stars, galaxies and other objects. Phenomenon UFO has something in common ...
Eighteen years of study and research have convinced me that there is overwhelming evidence that Earth is visited by intelligently guided spacecraft of extraterrestrial origin. In other words, some "flying saucers" are spaceships. It is with these two sentences that I have typically started over 300 illustrated lectures on campuses (and dozens of professional groups) in over 47 states and 4 provinces over the past eight years. The lectures are called: "Flying saucers" - really exist ".
I really think so. When I finish my official program, I always do a Q&A session, which often lasts a good hour. During my lecture tours, I was interviewed hundreds of times by radio, television and newspaper workers, and I spoke to many, many people on the phone on talk shows. Since 1970, I have been the only space scientist in North America known to devote all of his time to UFOs.
As strange as it may seem, most thinking people are already able to accept the idea that some UFOs are piloted by visitors from space or from another dimension. Opinion polls point to this and have always shown that the more educated a person is, the more likely they are to accept UFOs. It is also true that the younger the person, the more readily he will accept UFOs. No wonder, therefore, that I only had six screamers in my lectures - two of them were drunk. However, in my experience, while accepting the compelling evidence I present is relatively easy, many people have questions that worry them more than the reality of UFOs. These questions are based on reasoning rather than ufological facts.
Here are the questions that seem to really worry people:
1) Why aren't the aliens in direct contact with us?
2) Why are they bothering themselves traveling the great distance here if they don't want to communicate with us?
3) Are there any indications that the government is suppressing some UFO data, and if so, why?
4) If reports of sightings, landings and creatures come from all directions, then isn't international cooperation required to hide the truth from everyone?
5) Isn't the statistical improbability that we are the only oasis of intelligent life in the Universe that is the most convincing argument in favor of the reality of UFOs?
The purpose of this article is to try to present my answers to these questions, as I have probably spent much more time thinking about these things than the average person who attends my lectures.
Before delving into these speculative areas, it would be useful to get rid of the seemingly more substantial objections to the idea that our planet is being visited, and to provide a rational basis for the extraterrestrial hypothesis. The point of view of a noisy denying minority is that there is no meaningful or convincing evidence (the existence of UFOs? UFO extraterrestrial origin?), Or that if we assume that UFOs exist, then they must violate the laws of physics and therefore they do not exist. Or does he (a representative of this direction) declare that if there are signs of an inexplicable phenomenon, why rush to the conclusion that unexplained objects are an extraterrestrial spacecraft?
As for the last question, I am using extraterrestrial theory because there is so much evidence that the best observations point to objects with a certain size, shape, structure, features and other characteristics that show that they are of artificial origin, and not just lights. in the sky or undefined spots. Typically round, symmetrical plates or disc-shaped objects, as well as larger and less commonly visible cigar-shaped objects, could, of course, be manufactured by any of dozens of industrial concerns on Earth, such as Boeing, McDonnell-Dougles, Lockheed, etc. judged solely on the basis of their appearance and physical description.
However, we must also take into account the behavior of the UFO. These symmetrical objects are capable of hanging in the air, moving horizontally at very high speeds (say 10,000 miles per hour), accelerating and stopping abruptly, moving vertically up and down, making right angle turns at high speeds (about 2200 mph) , move back and forth in the sky without turns and perform all these maneuvers without much
noise, chemical emissions, visible external motors or sonic booms. No company on this planet is capable of making large objects that look like. and behaved in the manner described. We do not mean to say that some UFOs are not secret American or Soviet aircraft, or to reject any of the 50 other explanations, but just that a significant number of UFOs are man-made objects that were not made on Earth and therefore should be considered. as objects of extraterrestrial origin.
Obviously, this conclusion is valid only if there is a large amount of firmly established data that anyone can study, and this conclusion leaves open questions about the origin of the goal, etc. I have discussed this data in many of my other articles. One of the best sources of data on UFOs is special report No. 14 of the Blue Book Project, which contains data on more than 2000 objects. Of these, 19.7% were ultimately classified as UNKNOWN, as opposed to items classified in the "insufficient information" group. Evaluation of all objects showed that the better the quality of observation, the more likely the object is classified as unknown - the exact opposite of what skeptics tell us.
Moreover, statistical analysis showed that, given six different observable characteristics such as apparent size, shape, speed, etc., the probability that unknowns belong to the same population of objects as knowns is less than one percent. ... This report is filled with diagrams, charts, tables, maps, etc. The observation duration data showed that the average unknown object was observed for longer than the average awareness, and that more than 60% of unknown objects were observed for more than 50 seconds, and 46% -more than five minutes.
Other excellent sources of information to look through include: The UFO Evidence, which contains data on over 700 unknown objects; the 1968 UFO Symposium, which contains testimonies from twelve scientists; Allen Heineck's book "The UFO Experience" and even Condon's report "Scientific Study on UFO".
According to the UFO committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), more than 30% of objects examined by Condon's group could not be identified. Papers presented at the 1975 AIAA conference are also of interest. Comparisons between French and American UFOs made by Balle and Poer are extremely valuable, showing that they are very similar; numerous landing track cases (over 1000 from 53 countries) tabulated by Ted Phillips, including physical changes at the landing site and often reports of creatures. I have found that educated but ignorant skeptics are no more knowledgeable than uneducated and ignorant believers. Both those and others share the point of view - "Do not fool me with facts, I have already decided EVERYTHING."
"Why aren't they talking to us?" - this seems to be one of the most troubling questions about UFO behavior.
Apparently, this is another version of the old idea that it is the unknown that scares us the most. If the aliens sat with us for coffee or drank a bottle of beer, they would then seem less threatening. Part of this problem lies in the fact that everyone accepts that THEY, aliens, should be more technologically advanced than us, since they easily come to us, and we cannot visit their worlds yet. It is rather difficult for our “I” to accept the technological advancement of aliens, but it is even more difficult to be forced to reflect that we are not worth talking to us, that we may be so poorly developed in comparison with them on a comparative evolutionary scale, like a dog or a cat in compared to us. It is very difficult and upsetting for members of the ruling clique to experience that they are not asked to send ambassadors. In reality, from an alien perspective, the situation is much more complicated.
From a common-sense point of view, the number one rule for space travelers should be, "Be sure you can go home." This means that even before landing, you must have "sufficient information" about the natives to be sure they won't catch you, unless you feel capable of exterminating all the natives in bulk, which, apparently, our visitors apparently not inclined. The first thing advanced aliens will notice is that we Earthlings have radar detection systems everywhere, and that we have interceptors and missiles ready to attack any flying person who does not respond with the proper code to the operator's electronic request.
Aircraft and missiles are equipped with nuclear warheads and heat-seeking homing systems. It will be clear to any newcomer that there are several very hostile civilizations on this planet, that our vehicles are much less perfect than theirs, and that any Air Force would be very happy to receive a "dead or alive" saucer. Every major military bloc on this planet would like to make a great leap forward from today's technology to flying saucers.
Aliens must think about their own safety. There are many reports indicating that the reaction of earthlings to a meeting with aliens is in no way friendly. They were shot at, ambushed and pursued by military aircraft. Of course, no alien wants to go to the local zoo, morgue, prison or medical school laboratory. No advanced civilization would want its equipment to be seized by primitive people, just as we do not want to give atomic bombs or lasers to the natives.
After World War II, we did not offer the atomic bomb to our friends, let alone our enemies or backward peoples. Would any civilization entrust any representative of earthlings to wisely use its technology if it watched the social evolution of our planet? Some say it might be fine and right, that we don't expect aliens to just flop anywhere, but how about sitting on the White House lawn or contacting the UN? In short, why don't they say, "Take me to your leader"?
First of all, anyone who receives our radio and television, as well as signals related to defense, will quickly realize that there are many different local leaders on Earth, that the peoples are apparently ready to go to war at the first signal. The main occupation on this planet is tribal warfare. No leader represents more than 39% of the world's population, so the simple reason why they don't say “Lead me to your leader” is that there is no one to lead to, there is no leader who speaks on behalf of the planet. Even the UN does not have the authority to speak on behalf of the Earth.
Currently, it appears that aliens can come and go wherever and whenever they want - avoiding our attempts to intercept them. Until we become a real cosmic force capable of preventing them from coming and going as they want, why should they explain and talk to us? For any highly developed civilization seeking information about our planet, it would be much more convenient to obtain their own data through instruments, sampling and sampling. Of course, neither the American nor the Soviet government wants to listen to others about their intentions, resources, or military might.
Soberly speaking, one should expect that a highly developed technological civilization capable of traveling between planetary systems, of course, has a better technique for assessing planetary activity than ours. Fortunately, a large number of reports of soil sampling, as well as animal and human sampling, support this idea. The fact that most UFO landings take place in remote areas is, of course, consistent with the assumption that it is not the intention of the aliens to contact the so-called leaders of Earth, but rather to slowly gather data without risking their efforts being thwarted.
One objection to the extraterrestrial theory is that there are simply too many visits for UFOs to be extraterrestrial ships. Obviously, for some people it would be enough if these visits occurred with a frequency of, say, once a year or several times in a decade, as is the case with our Apollo project. This implies that anyone else who dared to go out into space started doing this at the same time as we did, that is, less than 20 years ago. This seems to be the height of anthropocentrism if we consider that our surroundings are at least 5 billion years old.
We may be surrounded by a galactic community or, as Marjorie Fish more realistically pointed out in her work on the Hill Incident, we are actually on the edge of a galactic community 25 light-years away. Not all space travelers need to be adventure-seeking astronauts or spectacular Lindberghs. And if you imagine them as passengers of Boeing-747, who do not need to have any knowledge in the field of aircraft and rocketry?
Does anyone have any information about how many visitors there are to neighboring solar systems near Earth? No one has the faintest idea how to estimate how many interstellar pleasure trips would be required to give the observed number of unexplained objects, or to answer the question of how many different planets or different galactic communities are represented by our visitors. This question is heavily obscured by ecobiologists, who, having no data at all, are trying to calculate the number of civilizations and the average distance between them on the scale of the Galaxy with 200 billion stars, looks very impressive for those who easily succumb to the charm of large numbers, but ignore the lack of data. The fact that there are only 45 cars per square mile in the US does not mean there are no traffic jams.
Why have there been “so many” plantings in the last 30 years? Again, we can only reason. First, we can assume that the galactic civilization pays attention to all the planets that are known to be habitable and have potentially developed civilizations. Regarding such planets, one can expect periodic surveillance with occasional landings and frequent fly-overs, looking for signs of technological development, such as radio waves and explosions of nuclear weapons.
This is probably not done out of idle curiosity, but from the realization that on a cosmic scale it will not take long to go from Genghis Khan on a small planet to a threat to the entire galactic district. There is probably a standard operating procedure that takes effect as soon as certain signals are picked up. Of course, a brief period from 1939 to 1945 would provide any highly developed extraterrestrial civilization with enough information to know that earthlings, despite their aggressiveness and darkness, will soon be able to travel to the stars.
What will happen then? Alien military intelligence will set to work to determine the capabilities of the Earth. Professors at galactic universities will send a group here on long field expeditions. Groups of economists will study our resources that may be of interest to them. One of the groups may specialize by observing our reactions to alien life forms. Another could focus on our political systems to prepare for a formal meeting.
Uncovering the internal mechanism of a primitive society is, however, a very different task from evaluating a "sophisticated" society like ours. The alien planetary resource, capacity, and life tracker is likely to collect and review enough samples of various species to obtain a representative estimate of variability. However, when it comes to the earthlings themselves, then real sociological or genetic difficulties will arise. A herd of prize cattle can have almost the same characteristics. But this is not true for a herd of people, or even for many of our fauna and flora.
Some people reason: "If they want to let us know that they are here, then why do they choose some unknown persons and invite them to their ships?" The answer to that is that collecting samples like Betty and Barney Hill is not done to let us know they are here. They all know that we anyway know that they are here. Apparently, their interest is directed to the physiology, or perhaps the psychology of patterns, and not to their importance to other earthlings or to themselves. Moreover, if the abduction of Betty and Barney Hill was a typical assessment of the samples, then there may well be many, many people who were abducted (temporarily) and tested, but not subjected to prolonged regressive hypnosis to reveal details.
In Dr. Benjamin Simon's analysis of the Hills, there were often long periods of memory blockage during which it was impossible to get anything from the witnesses because they were not inclined to remember (or because they were not supposed to remember). Some people have the completely wrong impression that Hillamy's experience was drawn from them in one quick and easy hypnosis session. Quite the opposite, it took over six months of weekly sessions, several hours long with each one.
Likewise, one has to hear the strange arguments of William Kaufman and the writer Isaac Asimov that any newcomer who arrives here will either stop by to chat (with one of them, because they are such interesting people) or try to hide completely with the help of their highly developed technology. A cursory glance at history will tell us that in the past the place where primitive subjects were visited by more developed beings (Columbus, Cortez, Lewis and Clark, Margaret Mead, Jane Goodell, etc.) included communication with the natives, since the natives either controlled something, what visitors needed - gold, land, water, food, hunting ground, traps, or agricultural machinery - or had information about their societies in their way of life that they did not want to transmit or record and that could not be obtained from afar.
I very much doubt that we have anything that visiting aliens would like to know from us by living with us or asking for our opinion. Divers don't talk to fish, hunters don't talk to squirrels, lumberjacks don't talk to beavers and bees. I leave open the possibility that a few disguised aliens live among us (perhaps as punishment), or that some people are bribed by aliens.
For some people, even the best UFO argument has nothing to do with the mountain of data available. This usually happens because they are completely unaware of this Everest data. Instead, they focus their attention on the vastness of the universe. They argue that it is mathematically "impossible" —with billions of stars in the universe, many of which are believed to be planets — for our planet to be the only habitable one.
I'll try to mildly note the following:
1) There are very few skeptics who argue that there is simply no one there and, therefore, there is no one to travel here. And in spite of their denials, these rowdy deniers are often among those bothering to allocate huge public funds for their own favorite methods of searching for extraterrestrial life.
Spending $ 10 million on Project Cyclops - building a 10-mile radio telescope - seems like a smart move. Obviously, these "pickpockets of the public purse" assume that there is life "there", otherwise what is there to view in the Cosmos? But if aliens come here and ignore these transmitters and signal seekers, then who needs a radio telescope?
2) Statements based on mathematical probability are meaningless in the absence of data. If we had data on interstellar "cosmic lines" (how many flights per year to the solar system?), We could estimate the likelihood that someone will arrive here. I don't know of anyone who has a guide to interstellar space communications.
Another false and misleading argument is that aliens cannot be humanoids, because if there are billions of systems with intelligent beings, then the likelihood that any of them
looks like we are equal to one billionth, or practically zero. We have no data on what they look like, other than UFO passenger reports. Judging by everything that we know, 0.01% of intelligent beings in Space could be humanoid in their form. Hundreds of eyewitness accounts of the creatures indicate that most visitors are indeed "humanoids." But even this fact does not tell us anything about the kind of intelligent beings that could have sent scouts here.
Nearly all books and articles written on the UFO issue primarily view Project Blue Book of the US Air Force and its predecessors, Project Sign and Project Grudge, as one official government group dealing with UFOs. This is an illogical point of view. From 1953 until its completion in December 1969, Project Blue Book was a public distraction operation, covering up other, much more sophisticated and highly classified efforts to obtain UFO data.
I base this opinion on the following facts:
1) Throughout this period (1953-1969), Project Blue Book consisted mainly of one officer, a sergeant, a couple of secretaries, and a room filled with filing cabinets. It did not include technically experienced people. The main means of clarifying UFO sightings were letters or a telephone call. Any of the five large industrial organizations I have worked for could have assembled a more competent group of researchers.
2) Project Blue Book did not have a scientific system for detecting UFOs, for tracking them or for analyzing their characteristics. No computer device was used to distinguish UFOs from UFOs (Identified Flying Objects) or to tabulate, evaluate, or cross-check each sighting to find patterns. As far as I could determine, the only computer calculation ever done for a project was an analysis of six different characteristics for 2,199 observations, as described in
"Special Report" N 14 of the Blue Book Project. Punch cards for computers were then destroyed. The Blue Book did not even have aircraft or rockets with instruments for tracking UFOs, measuring their characteristics or photographing them.
Having visited the former Project Blue Book headquarters at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio, and studied the Blue Book materials at Maxwell Air Force Base in Birmingham, Alabama, I can attest to the low quality of most of the Blue Book research, the inadequacy data processing and lack of scientific evaluation and study. I know from the many R&D programs I have personally worked for that the Blue Book was in no way distinguished by the high purity that is typical of programs sponsored by the US Air Force.
3) There is, however, an organization established with the main purpose of scanning the sky near or over our country, sorting flying objects into known and unknown ones, making measurements of the characteristics of unknown objects and sending aircrafts loaded with sophisticated instruments into the air for tracking, photographing, recording and receiving data about unknown objects. This organization is the Aerospace Defense Administration (ADS). Its first purpose is, as we said, to provide early warning of an attack by enemy aircraft or missiles. To do this, it must observe the order in the sky, sort radar data quickly and accurately, use computers to estimate the speed, direction, trajectory and origin of objects, and notify appropriately equipped fighter and anti-aircraft missile units.
In recent years, ADF has had over 35,000 employees, aircraft units, enormous radar and computer systems, and of course, closed communications systems with the highest government officers. These possibilities are exactly that. what is needed for UFO research. Most military aircraft are equipped with cameras for both external photography and radar photography. Some are equipped with very sophisticated equipment designed to detect the electromagnetic signature of enemy aircraft, missiles or missile warheads. There are also remotely controlled aircraft flying over areas of Soviet nuclear missile tests and satellites for evaluating Soviet missile launches.
4) The Blue Book Project did not have access to the data obtained by the ADS sensors. This is understandable when it comes to testing our own systems. Suppose the observed object turned out to be one of the newest classified aircraft, such as the M-2 or UF-11, or the SR-71, or a UFO, located above a classified nuclear weapons depot. The Blue Book personnel were not part of this system and did not have to know anything about these classified objects.
5) I have personally interviewed at least 75 former employees who calmly told me about the excellent UFO sightings that have occurred during their military service. These sightings were not reported to Blue Book personnel, but were reported to ADF and immediately classified. Very serious warnings were often made so that witnesses would never divulge any information. These stories were perfectly consistent. I certainly cannot call these witnesses liars.
6) The regulation governing the Blue Book clearly states that most field research will be carried out by members of the Air Intelligence Service units located around the country. I spoke with two former Air Intelligence researchers. Both independently argued that most of their reports went to Aviation Intelligence and ADF and not to the Blue Book.
7) That the CIA is involved in ufology is clear after reading the recently declassified version of the Robertson Committee's 1953 work. I believe this is just the tip of the secret US involvement, since at the end of 1955 the Special Report ”14 of the Project Blue Book showed that while one or two copies were sent to numerous and varied Air Force bases, nine copies were sent first to the CIA. 15 were sent to ADF.
8) In the early 1960s, the Blue Book Project issued Reports 1-12. All were classified - either classified as confidential or classified. They were all in the form of reports telling who went where to say something to someone about the UFO. These reports were declassified only after 1960. In October 1955, the Blue Book finally released Special Report No. 14, which was over 300 pages long. It was originally labeled "For Official Use Only". This is the only publicly available report, anything like a technical document ever written for the Blue Book Project. This work was carried out by the Battell Institute, Columbus, under contract with the Blue Book. But this official Air Force document nowhere mentions the institute or the names of the people who did the job. The press release, widely circulated by the US Air Force, contained just as little information on those involved, and did not even mention the title of the report.
Obviously, if it was mentioned, some reporter might ask what happened to reports 1-13, which were never publicly mentioned. All reports 1 through 12 were, as I noted above, classified. Project Blue Book Report No. 13 has never appeared publicly. One former Air Force official said he saw a copy of Report 13 in secret cabinets at the Strategic Air Command base, and that in 1971 it was classified Top Secret.
In response to many inquiries, the Air Force has issued statements that either that Report No. 13 does not exist, or that it was only drafted and included in Special Report No. 14. There is no evidence to support this version. Some people have even suggested that the US Air Force is superstitious and did not publish Report 13 for this reason.
What nonsense! Is there any reason to believe that the report number was skipped deliberately? No way. Military news agencies are methodical anyway. Is there any reason to believe that Report No. 13 is a highly classified document? Definitely! In the early 1960s. I was a design engineer on a contract under the direction of the US Air Force Foreign Technology (OST) Division at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. This is the very organization that led the Blue Book Project. I was closely associated with people in the same organizational structure that I worked for the Blue Book a few years earlier. The close connection between them and OST was classified in itself.
My final report was written in two volumes. The first part was unclassified, and it never mentioned the second part, which was top secret. Thus, there is a clear precedent for the publication of a very responsible report, which is never mentioned in less responsible reports. Where I worked, there was a rule that it was impossible to mention a single document with a higher degree of secrecy, nor to refer to it in papers of a lower degree of secrecy.
It seems reasonable to assume that if the US secretly collected UFO data through the ADF, the CIA, etc., then other countries could have done so as well, since the literature clearly shows that UFO sightings are happening all over the world. This, further, raises the question why no country has yet released this news to the public? I should point out that many countries in South America and Asia seem to be much more receptive to the UFO concept than the major powers, at least at the public level.
1) Every major country wants to be able to build its own flying saucers to use as a weapon in the struggle of the world's forces taking place on this planet. Therefore, all useful data, crashed UFOs, artifacts, pilots, etc. will be kept in the highest secrecy and will not be disclosed to anyone.
2) Every major nation is concerned that its opponents will learn the secret of the "cymbal" propulsion systems. Therefore, each country should be concerned about the potential problem of protecting itself from the "plates" of another nation.
3) Every nation is concerned about the consequences for the global economy and political power structure if any one country comes into contact with aliens with advanced technology. Isn't oil priceless on Earth now? The best policy under these circumstances is to hope that the aliens get away, or that contact and subsequent coups will occur under the next administration.
4) The worldwide acceptance of visits to Earth by aliens will push the inhabitants of this planet to see themselves as earthlings, not Americans, Chinese or Russians. No government on this planet wants its citizens to think about the future existence of the planet, and not about their national government.
In short, there are a number of very practical problems standing in the way of transforming our primitive society into a planetary community serving the needs of all its citizens. And right now is the time to start seeing yourself as earthlings. And the easiest way to get started is to understand that from an alien perspective, there are no visible national boundaries on the face of the Earth. There is Spaceship Earth - this is one of the few concepts that offers hope for our future - a future with or without alien intervention.
People with abnormal phenomena often meet, bringing more and more questions. At the same time, most often eyewitnesses encounter UFOs - unidentified objects that from time to time appear in the sky over different countries. Research into this phenomenon is being carried out by groups of enthusiasts. At the state level, UFOs are also studied, but the results of the research are strictly classified.
UFO images on objects of history
The term UFO first appeared in the 20th century, but encounters with this phenomenon have occurred over the centuries. Evidence of this can be found in historical sources and even in works of art. So, one of the most amazing finds is a 17th century French coin. On it you can clearly see an object of a typical disc-shaped shape with portholes on the sides. In the center of the disk, there is either a jet stream or a column of light. The meaning of this design on the coin is still unknown.
You can meet images of strange objects on church frescoes in temples, as well as on tapestries. So, the Georgian Cathedral of Sveti-Tskhoveli is known among ufologists for the fact that on one of the frescoes in it, next to Christ, you can see some objects. Even people far from ufology immediately recognize them as UFOs. They have the shape of a semicircle, and jet streams from the engines break out from their bottom. Similar objects are depicted on the frescoes of some other temples.
Another, no less interesting image can be seen in the painting "Madonna and Saint Giovannino" of the 15th century. On it, above the right shoulder of the Madonna, we can clearly distinguish a dark object in the sky, also resembling a disc-shaped UFO. At the same time, a person is still drawn in the background, looking attentively at him. This means that the strange image is not an accidental defect made by the artist, but an important object to which the author wants to draw the attention of the viewer.
There are a great many such historical monuments with easily recognizable images of UFOs and their pilots. Moreover, such finds are found all over the world. This suggests that people from time immemorial have encountered this phenomenon, attributing demonic, or vice versa, divine properties to it. Moreover, such artifacts often have such recognizable outlines that many consider them a fake. But the examinations carried out claim that all these historical monuments - paintings, sculptures and figurines that resemble UFO pilots and their flying vehicles - are originals.
Studying the phenomenon today
In the 20th century, the UFO theme became especially acute after the famous case when the American pilot Kenneth Arnold witnessed the flight of a group of mysterious objects over the Cascade Mountains. This case is a classic of ufology and it was from that time that such devices began to be called "flying saucers" or "saucers". Over the course of several decades, a lot of evidence of observations of such flying objects in different parts of the globe has accumulated. At the same time, in a number of cases, eyewitnesses not only saw flights in the sky and landing of UFOs on the surface, but even came into contact with their pilots. It should be noted that such contacts did not always end well - in some cases, even after simply being near the object, the eyewitness had health problems.
According to some reports, a detailed study of the phenomenon was carried out and is still being carried out not only by enthusiasts, but also by law enforcement agencies. This is done in order to understand how serious a threat to national security from UFOs and their activities can be.
In the United States, a large-scale study of unidentified objects by military structures began after the famous Roswell incident, when a UFO crashed near the town of the same name. Particular emphasis was put on the search for material evidence of the existence of UFOs, in particular, the debris formed as a result of their crash.
US intelligence agencies have developed several top-secret projects under the names "Redlight", "Sigma", "Snowbirds", "Blue Book" and others. At the same time, they all pursued different goals - one was reduced to collecting and analyzing information about encounters with UFOs, which came from all over the world. The other involved testing captured alien ships, the third - establishing contacts with aliens. Officially, after a certain time, all projects were closed, and as a result, it was allegedly confirmed that aliens did not exist. In fact, the research results are kept in the strictest confidence.
Large-scale studies of this phenomenon were also carried out in the USSR. And they began with the famous UFO appearance in Petrozavodsk in 1977. However, according to some reports, Stalin was also interested in this problem, according to whose decree information on UFO topics was collected and analyzed.
Today, ufology is officially considered a pseudoscience, and UFOs are nothing more than a unique natural phenomenon. However, such categoricalness, expressed by academic science, looks very strange against the background of a huge amount of evidence of observation and contact with representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations. Therefore, a number of researchers believe that this is done on purpose so as not to cause panic among the population and to hide the truth. Be that as it may, there is still no firm explanation for this phenomenon, so one can only make assumptions based on the available information.
In the 1970s, the editorial offices of our newspapers and magazines and the Academy of Sciences accumulated a significant number of messages from various regions of our country with descriptions of flights of unusual objects and other extraordinary phenomena with requests for a reasonable explanation of this phenomenon.
The reason for the beginning of UFO research along the state line in our country was the well-known Petrozavodsk phenomenon in September 1977.
A month after him, the President of the Academy of Sciences A. Alexandrov sent a letter to the Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission L. Smirnov. He wrote that the Academy of Sciences can no longer ignore and cannot explain anomalous phenomena, such as those observed over Petrozavodsk, and suggested organizing comprehensive studies of anomalous phenomena with the involvement of organizations of the Ministry of Defense and the military-industrial complex in the work.
Confirmation that the president of the Academy of Sciences took the UFO problem very seriously is a case about which Andreyev, general designer of the Research Institute of Khimmash, told me in 1986. While at a reception with Aleksandrov on the issue of creating equipment for liquefying gas, Andreev asked Aleksandrov a question: how does he feel about UFOs? He slowly replied: "Yes ... UFOs are very, very serious ..." he thought for a moment and said: "So where did we stop? Let's continue."
The UFO research program for the Ministry of Defense, adopted in 1978, was called "Grid-MO" and was aimed at studying anomalous phenomena and, mainly, their influence on the functioning of military equipment and the state of personnel.
The 22nd Central Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense in Mytishchi (military unit 67947), headed by Lieutenant General V. Balashov, was appointed its lead executor in the Armed Forces. At this institute, then a working group on UFOs was created, consisting of 4 people, headed by Colonel A. Abdulin, which was later transformed into a special laboratory.
All branches of the Armed Forces appointed their own research institutes responsible for this topic. A number of scientific institutions of the military-industrial complex were also involved, the actual participation of which was very limited.
For the Academy of Sciences, the UFO research program was called "Grid-AN" and aimed to study the physical nature and mechanisms of development of anomalous phenomena.
The head organization through the Academy of Sciences was the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRRAN), headed by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences V. Migulin. The institute also created a working group on anomalous phenomena, consisting of four people, headed by Yu. Platov. Some areas of research were assigned to other academic institutions. The coordination of research on anomalous phenomena by the USSR Ministry of Defense and the Academy of Sciences was carried out by Colonel V. Sokolov, who worked in the so-called section of applied problems (a closed division at the junction of the Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Defense).
There was no earmarked funding for the UFO research program, everyone worked only for their salary.
In 1979-1980, the Department of General Physics and Astronomy of the Academy of Sciences, the State Committee for Hydromet and the Ministry of Defense of the USSR sent out guidelines for organizing observations of anomalous phenomena. The content of these instructions indicated that the Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Defense put different meanings into the concept of "anomalous phenomena".
In the methodological instructions of the Academy of Science of the State Committee for Hydromet, it was generally said about incomprehensible local and global anomalous phenomena, since Migulin considered the UFO problem "far-fetched" and generally denied the existence of any mysterious objects.
The methodological instructions of the Ministry of Defense, on the contrary, dealt with unknown objects in the form of spheres, cylinders, rectangles, discs with domes, windows, hatches and other external details, and it was indicated that these objects move at very high speeds and make sharp maneuvers.
But in all the guidelines, it was a question of organizing only observations of anomalous phenomena, therefore, all UFO studies in our country were limited only to collecting data on observations of these objects, their shape and size, the presence of light rays, the characteristics of movement and their impact on the environment. At the same time, the guidance documents did not even mention the possibility of UFO crashes and did not provide for the search and research of fallen objects or their parts, although several cases of UFO falls and explosions in a number of countries were already known. Such cases could well have gone unnoticed in the vast deserted expanses of our country.
Even the thought of the possibility of UFO landings was not allowed in these documents (after all, phenomena cannot land and take off), while in a questionnaire published by the French Gendarmerie Directorate back in the early 1970s, specific instructions were already given for the study of not only UFO landing sites , but also the appearance of creatures located near these objects.
At Migulin's insistence, it was forbidden to publish reports on UFO sightings in our media without the permission of the Department of General Physics and Astronomy of the Academy of Sciences.
Although, it would seem, what secret is that an unknown jellyfish object hovered in 1977 over Petrozavodsk, and another object with rays was observed in 1984 by the crews of two passenger aircraft flying over Belarus, because such messages were freely published all over the world.
It was only in 1989 that this senseless ban on the publication of UFO materials was finally lifted.
UFO research in the USSR was closed, according to Platov, allegedly "to reduce public resonance from their legalization" (a very vague and unconvincing explanation), as well as taking into account the possibility of using some properties of UFOs in military interests.
In fact, the secrecy was used to cover up the actual inactivity of the Migulin commission and the ability to manipulate the received messages at their own discretion.
An active member of Migulin's commission, scientist of the Polar Geophysical Institute S. Chernous made a very interesting recognition. He said that in the course of the work "we sifted out all messages that had no relation to either science or technology."
This statement completely exposes the true activities of the Migulin commission, which, instead of an objective analysis of all received messages, weeded out, that is, discarded messages that confirmed the existence of true UFOs, their unusual properties and elements of rationality, and left only those that corresponded to Migulin's dogmatic views.
Hence, it is clear why among the messages received, according to Platov, there were no descriptions of UFO landings, contacts with their crews or abductions of people by these crews. Such reports, apparently, were simply weeded out as "unrelated to science" (168). And when Migulin said that 95 percent of reports of anomalous phenomena are about observations of balloons, missile launches, aircraft flights, ball lightning or meteorite falls, and the remaining 5 percent are natural phenomena that have not yet received their explanation, he apparently , took this percentage of the number of messages left after dropping out.
But initially, such statements by Migulin were perceived as attempts to hide the interest in UFOs shown by our authorities, and only later it became obvious that all this was only the result of his limited thinking. Migulin also tried in every possible way to hinder UFO research by various public organizations or tried to take them under his control.
In 1981, he sent a letter to the chairman of the section for the study of anomalous phenomena in the environment under the Ukrainian Republican Board of the NTORZS named after A. Popov, academician G. Pisarenko, in which he wrote that "the study of anomalous phenomena in the USSR is carried out on behalf of decision-making bodies and is not intended to involve Therefore, it is advisable to conduct such research according to the program agreed with the USSR Academy of Sciences, and not expand it by attracting a significant number of performers. "
In the same year, Migulin sent a letter to the President of the Russian Geographical Society, Academician A. Treshnikov, in which he agreed to create a commission in the Geographical Society for the study of anomalous phenomena in the environment, subject to the inclusion of a representative from IZMIRRAN.
The head of the magnetic ionospheric laboratory of the Leningrad branch of IZMIRRAN, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences E. Gorshkov, then became the scientific secretary of this commission.
The very technique of the so-called UFO research in the Migulin commission, according to Platov, essentially boiled down to collecting the messages received and sending typical responses to them, trying to convince eyewitnesses that these were optical effects or technical experiments. Only in very rare cases were specialists sent to places where UFOs were seen - such visits were considered useless by the commission.
In 1989, Platov told the Komsomolskaya Pravda correspondent: "There is no need to go to places if there are no messages, except for newspaper articles. We cannot run and look for who, where, said or wrote what." Thus, all UFO research was reduced to office paperwork and, of course, brought little benefit. As a result, in the 1980s, a strange situation developed in our country, in which the Ministry of Defense was seriously engaged in the collection of data on UFOs, while the Academy of Sciences, represented by Migulin and Platov, argued that no UFOs exist, and the population did not know who to believe ...
True, from 1978 to 1990, the Migulin commission recorded about 3000 reports of observations of unusual phenomena, of which about 300 events were qualified as anomalous.
At the same time, no discoveries were made and no major scientific works on UFO topics were created - if something were created, then after the proclamation of glasnost and the collapse of the USSR, some data would inevitably be leaked to the press.
"There was no exchange of information on UFOs with both the Warsaw Pact countries and NATO," General of the Army I. Tretyak, Commander-in-Chief of the Air Defense Forces, said in 1990.
The work of the special laboratory at the 22nd Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in Mytishchi also boiled down mainly to collecting and analyzing reports of UFO sightings from various sources.
And in 2000, a former employee of this special laboratory, Colonel A. Plaksin, said that over 13 years of work, she received several thousand messages from all over the country about unidentified objects. But after verification, only about a thousand remained, in which it could be reliably asserted that it was about phenomena unknown to science.
But Plaksin surprised all ufologists, stating that, according to this laboratory, 70 percent of the anomalous phenomena are allegedly explained by the solar coronal mass ejections, 20 percent are due to technogenic factors and 10 percent are of unknown nature.
For 13 years of work, the employees of the special laboratory had to leave only a few times to urgently investigate the circumstances associated with the possible interference of UFOs in the activities of military units.
In October 1983, by order of the Chief of the General Staff, Colonel B. Sokolov with a commission had to urgently fly to the 50th division of the Strategic Missile Forces to investigate the impact of UFOs on the main control panel of the combat complex.
In the 1980s, military unit 73790 carried out a secret research on UFOs called "Thread-3". The military unit 73790, apparently, is a solid institution consisting of directorates, and those, in turn, of departments. Perhaps this is a military research institute, which, according to the Commander of the Space Forces, Colonel-General V. Ivanov, was specially created to study UFOs.
The name of this research project sounds very ornate: "Substantiation of concepts and forecast of expected results of experimental and theoretical studies of the processes of functioning of unconventional engines and their interaction with the environment."
One can imagine how much time and effort was spent only on inventing such a pseudo-scientific formulation. After getting acquainted with this name of the research work, it seemed that this would be the case with the crashed UFOs. After all, one cannot conduct experimental studies of the functioning of the engines of these objects from scratch, without having anything on hand. But what happened in reality.
Judging by the secret report on the R&D "Thread-3", compiled in 1993, which American ufologists managed to obtain and a summary of which was published in the proceedings of the MUFON symposium in 1993, the main task of this R&D was to conduct extensive research in order to understand what principles the engines of unidentified flying objects and their accompanying fields operate, which were mentioned in the testimony of eyewitnesses.
It was also necessary to understand how such a technology could be created and how certain technological innovations could be derived from it.
Well, the goal was formulated very correctly, but the content of the research work itself, unfortunately, did not correspond at all to this goal, because in it:
It was said that, along with a large number of explainable UFO sightings, there were many sightings that could not be explained - perhaps these were collisions with aliens from other planets or from parallel worlds;
- a detailed description of the history of UFO research in the USSR was given and it was indicated that the American intelligence agencies were always interested in how we are doing with such research;
- the progress of UFO research in the United States was described in detail and documents were cited, testifying to the classification of this problem in America and, in particular, about Operation Majestic-12;
- descriptions of UFO crashes in 1947 in New Mexico and in 1950 near the Mexican border were given, taken from the report of Admiral R. Hillencotter;
- information was given about contacts with UFO crews, while it was emphasized that enlonauts choose illiterate people with low intelligence for contacts, who are not able to understand what actually happened to them;
- there were references not to meetings of Russian and American cosmonauts with UFOs in space, confidence was expressed that American astronauts had met with UFOs on the Moon, and it was suggested that flights to the Moon were terminated due to the danger that astronauts might not return;
- the maneuvers of seven UFOs around the Vostok-2 spacecraft were described in detail, filmed by cosmonaut G. Titov;
- with regard to the numerous encounters of aircraft with UFOs, it was said that their descriptions would take several volumes;
- the opinion of some Russian ufologists was cited that Yuri Gagarin allegedly died in 1968 as a result of a collision of a MIG-15 aircraft on which he flew with a UFO, although no such official conclusion was made.
And it's all? And where is the theme proclaimed in the title "Experimental research of the functioning of unconventional UFO engines?" Not a word about them.
Thus, the research work "Thread-3" did not contain any specific conclusions about the principles of the UFO device or the technology of their creation, but was reduced to a retelling of generally known information borrowed from the open American UFO literature and was of no value.
She absolutely did not deserve the "Secret" stamp, which was actually used to cover up the inability of its authors (two doctors and three candidates of technical sciences, whose positions, degrees and surnames are indicated on the title page) to delve deeply into the essence of this topic and achieve some tangible concrete results.
It seems that there was no clarity at all about the degree of secrecy of UFO research in the Ministry of Defense itself, and the matter reached the point of absurdity.
Here's a good example. As you know, the guidelines for collecting UFO data sent to all military units were unclassified, and they detailed the procedure for submitting reports.
And in the official response received by St. Petersburg ufologist N. Lebedev from the Ministry of Defense in 1989, it was said: "As for informational materials on UFOs, the Ministry of Defense does not deal with these issues and does not have any materials" (276).
The question is, what to believe?
It turns out that the state security agencies of the USSR were not involved in UFO research at all.
In 1991, the Deputy Chairman of the KGB N. Sham in a letter to the President of the UFO Association P. Popovich said that the KGB does not systematically collect and analyze information about UFOs, and sent to the UFO Center copies of the materials on UFOs received by the committee on 124 pages. These were mainly reports from military units and crews of civil aviation aircraft about observations by soldiers, officers, flight pilots and hovering of luminous balls and stars. They were unclassified, had no real value and were published in the Anomaly newspaper and in the foreign press.
In 1993, Deputy Minister of State Security A. Bykov confirmed that systematic work on the accumulation and study of materials on UFOs in the ministry's divisions was not carried out and is not being carried out, and the UFO problem itself has an "academic character."
After the collapse of the USSR, our most intimate secrets were made public. In 1993, the Izvestia newspaper published the characteristics of all our strategic missiles and listed all areas of the Strategic Missile Forces positions and bases of nuclear submarines with strategic missiles, and indicated the number of missile types in each of them.
In an atmosphere of such indiscriminate declassification, some information about UFOs that crashed on the territory of our country should have leaked out. But they did not leak: either because they simply did not exist, or still as a result of keeping secrets.
The already mentioned retired colonel B. Sokolov, through whose hands thousands of reports of UFO sightings by military units, have passed, said that he had never come across any references to the existence of material evidence of the existence of UFOs. But by virtue of the position he held, he only had to answer in this way.
And in the media, sometimes there were reports of allegedly shot down UFOs over our territory.
In the newspaper of the Yaroslavl UFO Center "Fourth Dimension and UFOs" N 1/166 for 2002, Sergei Kovalevsky published a large article in which he claimed that two alien ships, five unmanned probes and fragments of two unmanned spacecraft of extraterrestrial origin were allegedly shot down and captured in the USSR.
One of these ships was allegedly shot down in March 1978 near the settlement of Podgornoye in the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan and on it were the bodies of two dead aliens of small stature.
The second ship was allegedly shot down in 1987 near the settlement of Nizhniy Cherek in the north of Kabardino-Balkaria and was captured practically intact. It contained the bodies of three dead little aliens.
According to Kovalevsky, the ship, captured in 1987 in the Caucasus, and three copies of the other alien equipment inherited by the USSR are in an object codenamed Glacier, in the adits of the nuclear test site on Novaya Zemlya (GCP No. 6), where representatives of Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in the city of Yegoryevsk, Moscow Region. And the ship shot down in Kazakhstan with the bodies of two aliens and part of other captured extraterrestrial equipment were allegedly sold in 1992-1994 to a private Japanese corporation and the Saudi Arabian secret service.
Unfortunately, the article does not indicate who S. Kovalevsky is and where he got such important information from, so their reliability remains, of course, in great doubt.
In 1981, the UFO research program "Grid" received a new name - "Galaxy", and in 1986 - "Horizon" (each time with the addition of "MO" or "AN").
In 1990, the State Program for the Study of Anomalous Phenomena was completed, that is, terminated, and until 1996, only an expert group for the analysis of incoming messages remained at the Department of General Physics and Astronomy.
After the completion of this program in 1991, the book by Platov and Rubtsov "UFOs and Modern Science" was published, and in 2000 - the article by Platov and Sokolov "Study of Unidentified Flying Objects in the USSR", in which no UFO landings were also mentioned. nor attempts to investigate crashed objects.
But in our Armed Forces, far from everyone agreed with the course of curtailing UFO research, taken by the leadership of the Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Defense.
This is confirmed by an interview published in 1990 by the Chief of the General Staff of the Air Defense Forces, Colonel-General I. Maltsev, about repeated flights north of Moscow of unknown objects, which were distinguished by amazing maneuverability that earthly mechanical vehicles do not possess, in other words, of extraterrestrial origin.
Having learned about this statement by Maltsev, Defense Minister D. Yazov not only became furious, but also declared that "we do not have and cannot have any UFOs!" Now we understand that this did not happen due to the fact that Maltsev allegedly disclosed the manifestation of a serious interest of our leadership in UFOs - there was no such interest. On the contrary, Yazov was angry that Maltsev, who held a high post in the air defense forces, dared then, contrary to the decision already made by the leadership to stop further research on UFOs, publicly, one might say demonstratively, to confirm both the reality of existence and the unusual properties of these objects, and hence, the need for their further study.
In June 1991, the General Headquarters of the Air Defense Forces undertook a check of the message of the Moscow ufologist M. Milkhiker that the remnants of an alien civilization were allegedly asking for consent to the landing of their ship in June 1991 north of the Baikonur cosmodrome and instructions to the air defense forces not to use attacking means against them.
On behalf of the Chief of the General Staff, General of the Army M. Moiseyev, the Chief of the General Staff of the Air Defense Forces, Colonel-General I. Maltsev, wrote to Milkhiker that the Air Defense Forces were ready not to use their firepower against the alien ship, and sent a group of officers led by Colonel I. Nazarenko.
But Milhiker's message turned out to be another bluff, and this incident, of course, did not contribute to the recognition of the UFO problem in the eyes of the military leadership.
The generalized results of the work of the commission of Migulin and the military for 13 years and the conclusions they came to, for some reason, have not been published. If the UFO problem was recognized as not worthy of attention, then the results of their research could be painlessly published, and if, nevertheless, its importance was confirmed, then the research had to be continued. Neither was done.
So ingloriously ended the attempts of our government agencies to study the UFO problem, and the archive of reports of UFO sightings received by the Academy of Sciences, according to Platov, has now been destroyed.
The fate of the secret archive of unidentified phenomena of the Ministry of Defense, located in one of the repositories of the Krasny Kut training ground in the south of the Saratov region, is still unknown. In 1993, Colonel Sokolov even handed over to American ufologists visiting Moscow descriptions of 400 of the most intriguing cases from his array of UFO reports received from military units, and allegedly burned the rest of the messages.
After the collapse of the USSR, our authorities generally stopped paying attention to this problem, and it faded into the background. In 1997, a former active member of the commission, Migulin Chernous, confirmed that it no longer existed.
The same picture is in the Ministry of Defense.
In 1996, the head of the Academy of Air Defense Forces, Colonel-General G. Reshetnikov, said that the Air Defense Forces did not have any special data bank on observations or encounters with UFOs, and all information about the actions of these objects was now not collected anywhere. The Air Defense Forces and the Air Force have no new directives or special tasks for ufological research, although this problem should have dealt with them in the first place.
The special laboratory of the 22nd Research Institute in Mytishchi has long been disbanded.
An employee of the Center for Space Communications, Major General V. Alekseev, also confirmed that the situation with UFO research in our country is now in a much worse state than before, and primarily for economic reasons.
What kind of UFOs are there when the entire budget of our country for 2004 (about $ 80 billion) was 5 times less than the expenditures allocated in the US budget for defense alone ($ 401 billion). And the conclusions made once in relation to UFOs, apparently, now lie somewhere "dead weight".
Of course, it's a shame to hear all this, especially since the amount of material evidence of the existence of UFOs and their crews is steadily increasing.
All UFO research on the state line in our country boiled down to endless disputes about whether these objects exist, and a simple collection of data on UFO sightings. Such studies did not bring any practical benefit to our country.
This was acknowledged by Migulin himself, who in the preface to the book "UFOs and Modern Science" wrote that all the studies of UFOs that were carried out did not enrich science, because no fundamentally new knowledge was obtained.
