What are mules and mucus. The lesson of cultural reflection "Don Aminado
Poems by Don Aminado: read the poems of the City and the Years, the poet Don Aminado
Cities and years Old London smells of rum, tin, smoke and fog. But even this smell can Become the only desired one. Dazzling Naples, All riddled with sunset, Smells of mules and slime, Rotten fish and rope. The city of Hamburg smells of food, Wood, barrels, and fat, And oppressive, omnipresent, Famous good cheese. And Seville smells like leather, Cypress and verbena, And a beautiful tea rose, Incomparable, incomparable. Eternal scents of Paris Only two. They are all the same: The smell of roasted chestnuts And violets the smell is fresh. There is something to remember in late evening, When little is left to live, What in this mortal life Heart has eagerly breathed in! .. But there is one smell in the world, And there is one bliss in the world: This is a Russian winter afternoon, This is the Russian smell of snow. Only the Heart that remembers a lot cannot remember. And the shadows are already crowding At the last threshold.
1917
What star did the light shine for us? On the morning of days, at the beginning of years, Big roads bypassing the junction, Where did the dashing driver rush us? One turn. Others turn. A platoon is behind the platoon. And - platoon, forward! Teplushek stench, tobacco smoke. One turn. Turn to others. One mound. Another mound. And in the world there is night. Gray fog. Lingering howl. Barrows chain. Snowstorm. Blizzard. Tatars. Steppe. Epilogue There is longing in my heart. Doubt. Anxiety. Thin ghosts crowd at the doorstep. Days go by without meaning and without a trace. In the darkness of nights, in spaces and fogs In all dialects, buzzing and guttural, Big cities echo. Distress signals are blazing on the cliffs. And the raven croaks. And the common-haired wives The lingering howl freezes our hearts. Over the sea, the stars of Aquarius are extinguished, And somewhere Lorelei is crying bitterly And his head beats against granite.
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I love December for the ghosts of the past, For everything that was in the life of dear And sweet, meaningless again. For this snow that fell and whirled, For a prophetic dream that dreamed sweetly, As we dream of our last love. Is it all the same? Under all the heavens Some world we invented ourselves And lived in it, in visions, in dreams, Playing with feelings that do not exist, Seeking tenderness, which the world does not know, Striving for immortality and falling to dust. December will come ... Chilled, strangers, Will we understand, feel for the first time, That no one will call us to him? That there will be a tree, an angel with a star And Santa Claus with a gray beard, The Magic Prince and a flying rug. And only we will not be at the holiday. The cold wind will bleakly cool the tired and slow blood, And there will be snow over the city spinning, And maybe we ... our life will dream, As we dream of our last love. Afterword Lived. There were. They ate. We drank. The water was pounded in the mortar. They walked around and around. We passed the main one. Confession Dear Sirs, Brilliance and color of a generation! We confess honestly In a burst of revelation: Our youth lit up with a candle of fervent wax, And our youth perished, Lost like a cigarette. In Europe and America they danced and sang - So that the walls trembled, So that the glass rang; And we argued about God, Tore our throats, We ended up falling behind the iron bars, From all seven hanged We took care of the ropes, We were glad that Chaliapin Walks in a jersey, We didn't like the girls - We found that it was perverse, - We went to the people and back to exhaustion ; Then ... What was not, Became what happens. Whoever loves memories, Let him remember. Our dust scattered in all directions. Even crows do not peck him, Because they are disgusted. Searches Some person in a simple jacket Entered the podium with a notebook in hand, Poured water from a decanter into a glass And immediately took a high note. And so she put the topic bluntly: - Where are we going? And why are we going? And for forty minutes she spoke in a row, That we are all going, obviously, back. But it was flattering to everyone that everyone along the way, And it was nice that if you go, You can go without taking off your coat, Which no one thought to take off. And they went out, inhaling the autumn slime, And said goodbye for a long time, until they parted. And, in the heart of the holy cherishing dream, Chagalls and soaked in a glorious post. When will we remember No one knew the destination, And the gift of love was given to us, And in a terrible thirst for squandering And this gift was squandered. But who will condemn us for tenderness, Execute with severity in paradise? And what will be the main thing in this life, When we remember our life?
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Mule
I.
MULE I moule f. Edible shell, mussel... Returning home, I also forget breakfast, at which the fields of Amphitrite send me in tribute ousters, crabs, shrimps, mules and a lot of the most delicious fish, among which mullet, sombria () and Sea Needles should be considered the most excellent. Muravyov-Apostle Put. on Taurida 59. Picture collapsed in a box and devoured an incredible number of mules. "Because - lovely!" RV 1875 7 325. Sauce with mules. Sauce aux moules. Zelenko 1902. Mules on the side dish. Moules pour garniture. Zelenko 1902 140. Dazzling Naples, Permeated with sunset, It smells of mules with mucus, Rotten fish and rope. Don Aminado Cities and years. // Ark 50. The lord is dreaming, and - what the hell! - About the pineapple ice cream .. Like a knight even in a tournament, Nods gently to the jar of mule. 1916. Northerner Ballad XI. // S. 1990 106. I will drink Scottish beer to your health and eat frit mule. 7. 8. 1928. Babel to L. V. Nikulin. // B. 1 282.- Lex. Sl. ... source: mul.
II.
MULE II, MULE mule f. Backless shoe. The style is typical for the fashion of the last third of the 18th century: pointed noses, without backs, on French heels and on a thick leather outsole. It smoothly fitted the foot and cut out the same on the right and left legs: a solid heel covered with white leather. In the literature, this shoe is called "Mul". Such footwear remained popular in the 19th century. TS Alyoshina Shoes, sewn in gold and silver, from Paris. // Proceedings of History. muses . 75 117. Essays. 18 356. She would not be embarrassed and not pulling away those delicate white, narrow, thoroughbred legs protruding from the undercut of a blouse, slightly surrounded by a dark fur trimming her crimson-satin "mules", would have caught them impatiently on the roller. B. Markevich Abyss. // РВ 1883 1 72. We .. in the form of this particular practicality, we teach shoes with backs to those that are made with only limbs, known among the French as mules, and which are suitable only to put a foot heated in a warm bed in them and not get cold touching the cold floor. Walking in these shoes is extremely inconvenient, and therefore they can belong to the wardrobe of only the most pampered and spoiled woman by fate and people. 1883. Klassen 344. Her figs were eighteen feet in circumference, and the heels of her lovely mules rose a quarter of an inch above the floor. Thackeray Zap. Barry Lyndon. // 12-3 182. The girl was thin, tall, of the northern type, with mules already on her feet. Youth 2002 1 68.
III.
MULE III moule f. Form, sample. 1 . kulin. Mold for casting, jelly... Sl. pov. 1795. Molds made of thin tin or thick foil for pouring jelly, dense jelly, mousse in them. Pokhlebkin Kulin. sl. // Week 1985 # 2. The indication in cookbooks "to pour into a mule" means to pour fresh hot jelly, jelly, etc. into molds. Pokhlebkin Sl.
3. In the manufacture of gold leaf. Starting at 96, we now have 6144 gold to fit into the last mule fixture. It consists of even thinner plastic pages than "", and is processed with lighter hammers for 1-2 hours. 0.3 micrometer thickness Wed Kashe or Shodre.
Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms. - M .: ETS Dictionary Publishing House http://www.ets.ru/pg/r/dict/gall_dict.htm. Nikolay Ivanovich Epishkin [email protected] . 2010 .
Synonyms:See what "mule" is in other dictionaries:
Mule - (nickname) or mule is a dismissive pejorative nickname used by representatives of the Russian-speaking and Moldovan population of the PMR, Moldova, Odessa region in relation to Moldovans who speak Russian poorly or speak with a pronounced ... ... Wikipedia
mule - (French moule form). Molds made of thin tin or thick foil for casting jelly, dense jelly, blancmange, mousse in them. The instruction in the cookbooks to pour into a mule means to pour into molds freshly cooked hot ... ... Culinary Dictionary
MULE - (fr.). Foundry uniform. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. MULE Form of foundry workers. An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. Mikhelson A.D ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
mule - madder Dictionary of Russian synonyms. mul n., number of synonyms: 2 madder (12) form (7 ... Synonym dictionary
MULE - husband, French casting mold, bilge, bilge, place, nest, kalyp. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
MULE - soft humus, a type of bedding humus horizons (part of the decline), which forms in broad-leaved forests with a well-defined grass cover. Earthworms play an important role in its formation. The term was suggested by the Danish scientist Müller, ... ... Ecological Dictionary
MULE - (French moule form). Molds made of thin tin or thick foil for casting jelly, dense jelly, blamange, mousse in them. The indication in cookbooks "to pour into a mule" means to pour into molds the freshly made ... ... Great Encyclopedia of Culinary Arts
Mul (nickname) - Mul is a dismissive pejorative nickname used by representatives of the Russian-speaking and Moldavian population of the PMR, Moldova, Odessa region in relation to Moldovans who speak Russian poorly or speak with pronounced Moldavian (Romanian) ... ... Wikipedia
Mul-Chik - (Mul Chic), a Mayan settlement (I-VIII centuries AD) 90 km southwest of the city of Merida (Mexico). Ruins of buildings, temples. The fragments of wall paintings (battle scenes, procession of priests) that have survived are of the greatest artistic value ... Encyclopedic reference book "Latin America"
Mul (Calvados) - Commune Moul Moult Country France France ... Wikipedia
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The name mule is obtained by crossing mares and donkeys. This hybrid is distinguished by high endurance and strength, but at the same time, calmness and a peaceful disposition.
Description
The physique of a mule is a combination of the characteristics of donkeys and mares, its parents. The legacy of the donkey is its legs and head, as well as the neck. The ears of a mule are narrower than those of donkeys, but they are longer and their shape resembles that of a horse. It has a mane, bangs and a tail, which makes it resemble a horse. The sound that the mule makes is something between donkey screams and horse whinnying. The coloration is varied, typical for both donkeys and horses.
Disadvantages and differences
The breed's only drawback is that it is sterile. Distinguish between riding, harness and pack mule, depending on the main branch of its use in the economy. Mules should be distinguished from mules, which are the offspring of stallions and donkeys. There are special races that involve mules.
Weight and height
A mule's weight is determined by the weight of its mother. The height at the withers of the harness mule is 1.1-1.6 meters. Weight ranges from 300 to 600 kg. A harness mule is always larger than a pack mule. The height of the pack animal is from 110 to 140 cm, the weight is 300-400 kg.
Power features
The mule is absolutely picky and undemanding in nutrition. It is a herbivore that is content with any plant food. It is his unpretentiousness and undemandingness to the diet that is one of the essential advantages of the breed in breeding and use in the household as a labor force.
Spread
Mulching is widespread and popular in Asia, Africa, southern Europe, North and South America. The world population of these animals in the 20th century was estimated at an average of 15 million.
Behavior
According to the work performed on the farm, there are two types of mules: pack and draft mules. The traction force of the animal is 18-20% of its weight. Usually all male mules are castrated at the age of 1.5-2 years. They are gradually taught to work from 2 years old, and from 4 years old animals work at full strength. According to the methods of keeping, adult animals and young animals in mule breeding are similar to horse breeding.
Hybrid signs
A mule has the outward appearance of both a horse and a mule. From mares, he inherits body size and the ability to move quickly, and from donkeys - endurance and high performance.
Advantages and disadvantages
The mule has a longer life expectancy than horses (up to 40 years), they are less susceptible to various diseases, and are undemanding to feed and care. Moreover, in comparison with horses, mules are more resilient. They are able to carry a large load on themselves. The only thing they are inferior in is the ability to overcome high obstacles. But their high performance and unpretentiousness practically neutralize this disadvantage. Donkey stubbornness is also uncharacteristic for a mule, but if the mule is tired, then it will not work. If the horse is able to work until it collapses, then this behavior is uncharacteristic for a mule, but he is not lazy. The animal is distinguished by a developed mind, it will not tolerate abuse. With its owner, the mule always behaves very patiently and is ready to do for him everything that the animal needs and will be able to do.
Mules are also used in sports disciplines, like horses: under saddles, in harness, in dressage. Given their endurance and strength, they are capable of carrying more mass than horses of their size.
Reproduction
Breeding mules is not difficult, they are born when male donkeys and horses are crossed. Male mules are sterile, like most females.
Rare cases of mating
Cases are described when an offspring was obtained when a female mule mated with a stallion and a donkey, as well as one case that occurred in China, when a female mule had a cub from a male donkey.
Lack of ability to reproduce
The lack of the ability to reproduce with a different number of chromosomes is associated: a horse has 64, and a donkey has 62.
Life span
The life span of a mule is 35 to 40 years. This hybrid is highly resistant to various diseases, as well as undemanding to care and food.
Threats
Mules begin to be used in works from the age of 4 years. Their content is almost no different from horse breeding. Mule farming is widespread in Europe, America, Africa, Asia. Their number is constantly growing. So, in the middle of the last century, the population of mules in the world totaled 14 million animals. Now it is already estimated at 16 million. The mule is a necessary and useful animal for people, and therefore they are bred everywhere, and interest in this hybrid equine remains at a high level. And there are no threats to the existence of this species or a decrease in the population.
- During the Middle Ages, clergymen rode mules. This convenient means of travel was also readily used by the nobles. When the Great Discoveries began, these animals were brought to the territory of America. Mules began to be bred in Mexico, and used in the transport of goods, as well as in mines that were involved in the extraction of silver. The Spaniards kept animals in large herds on the plantations. During hostilities, mules were used to transport artillery cannons, provisions, and the wounded.
- The mule breeding centers were the Iberian Peninsula, Catalonia and Andalusia. The export of mules from Spain continued actively until the early 19th century. For example, the king of Spain gave a large black mule as a gift to George Washington. He was nicknamed "the royal gift" and he is the founder of mule farming in the United States. The Americans often used mules in the transport of artillery guns in the armies, as well as to take away wounded soldiers from the battlefield. There is an American legend about twenty mules who transported borax from Death Valley and other mines in the western United States. In the cities, they even specially engaged in the construction of wide streets to allow the mule sledges to turn around.
