2.12 definition of Myers Briggs personality typology. What is Myers Briggs typology: personality type questionnaire

In newspapers, on television or just in conversations, you can often hear people being called introverts or extroverts. However, not everyone knows what these concepts are.

In simple words, the TF scale is about how a person makes decisions:

T (thinking, ) – the ability to rationally weigh the pros and cons;
F (feeling, ethics) – decisions are made emotionally.

Judgment (J) and Perception (P)

Thanks to this scale, you can find out how much a particular person interacts with the external environment. Solid and analyzed decisions for those individuals who primarily prefer to think and analyze J.

Type P people are more perceptive. As a rule, they are very open, so it is easier for them to adapt to a given situation or society.

In simple words, the JP scale shows how a solution is prepared:

J (judgment and rationality) – planning and ordering;
P (perception and irrationality) – the desire to navigate according to circumstances, the ability to adapt.

Features of the Myers-Briggs test

The main difference between the Myers-Briggs test and other testing systems is that this system, in fact, is not a test. There are no right or wrong answers, since all types are completely equal.

Another difference is that the final results are not checked against any template or checked against any standards. The Myers-Briggs system simply provides detailed information about the characteristics of an individual person.

Questions of psychological testing

During testing, the entire procedure must meet certain conditions.

You must have the appropriate equipment: testing program, computer, etc.
Test participants must undergo special instructions before answering questions.
Specific deadlines for taking the test should be set in advance.

To get reliable results, the Myers-Briggs test must be administered by a professional. For this reason, large organizations are willing to pay any costs in order to comply with all testing conditions.

In small companies, the survey can be conducted by a human resources specialist or a manager trained as a psychologist.

Reliability of the Myers-Briggs system

The National Research Council explains this by the fact that the testing process did not conduct Myers-Briggs studies in programs regarding professional orientation.

That is, in essence, their typology is built on ineffective methods.

Criticism of the Myers-Briggs test

The collected practical data from highly qualified psychologists showed that certain type scales do not function at the clinical diagnostic level.

According to E.F. Abelskaya, the results obtained are applicable for sociological research, but in no case for individual research.

She argued that existing inaccuracies could negatively affect the definition of any particular type of individual.

Also, the Myers-Briggs type indicator was criticized due to the distribution of responses, since with this development of events, a lot of people can be classified as different types with a small difference in measurements. In turn, this also increases the chances of errors and inaccuracies occurring.

Despite criticism, the Myers-Briggs test is still one of the most popular in the world. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you go through it. This will allow you to look at yourself from the outside and learn a lot of interesting things about yourself.

Now you know everything about the Myers-Briggs test. If you liked the article, share it on social networks.

If you love and at all - subscribe to the site IinterestingFakty.org. It's always interesting with us!

The article discusses the development of Jung's typology. The American and domestic branches of the development of his ideas are compared. The overlaps and divergences between socionics and MBTI are discussed.

Key words: Jung, socionics, MBTI, Myers-Briggs typology, tests, theory, distribution.

As you know, the analogue of socionics in the USA is the Myers-Briggs typology, which is often briefly called MBTI after the name of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaire - Today it is an officially recognized test and scientific direction in psychology. More than 3 million typings are carried out per year in the USA alone; 86 of the 100 largest companies form teams taking this typology into account.

Developing independently and, accordingly, having differences in terminology and models, socionics and MBTI still represent one scientific direction and coincide in the main thing: types and their descriptions. At the same time, many of the obstacles that socionics faces today are already a passed stage in the development and recognition of MBTI.

Socionics and MBTI, being in unrelated, parallel development, repeat the history of many exact and natural sciences, which for a long time developed on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain or oceans. Examples of such development can be aircraft rocket science, cybernetics, genetics and many other sciences. Today we see that MBTI is more focused on practical application, while socionics is more focused on deep study of the theoretical part, as well as on the development of additional models.

What is socionics?

T.N. Prokofiev describes the basis of socionic theory as follows:
“The socionics approach is based on the idea of K.G. Jung about the presence of mental functions in a person, each of which performs its own work. K.G. Jung identified four mental functions: thinking, feeling, intuition, sensation, which can be considered as channels for perceiving, processing and transmitting information of varying quality. By analogy with the natural metabolism of cells, the flow of information coming to a person is split by the psyche into separate components. But not just any one, but a specific channel corresponding only to it is responsible for receiving and processing each of these components.”

In this regard, A. Augustinavichiute writes:

“The discovery of C. G. Jung is the discovery of a mechanism for selecting signals perceived by the psyche. This mechanism can be called the information metabolism (IM) code or the rules of the language through which information is transmitted.” Therefore, the second name of Socionics is “the theory of types of information metabolism.”

In socionics, Jung's mental functions are renamed by A. Augustinavichiute, and thinking, feeling, intuition and sensations are called logic, ethics, intuition and sensory, respectively.

“By presenting, following Jung, each of the four functions in an extroverted and introverted setting, Aushra received eight mental functions, which correspond to eight aspects of information flow. The combination of computer science and psychology made it possible for Aušra Augustinavičiūta to build models of the structure of psychological types. Model A is built in accordance with the position of S. Freud's psychoanalysis on the structure of the psyche, including consciousness and the unconscious: ego - superego - id. The structure is depicted as two rings of functions. The mental ring reflects primarily the social in a person, the vital ring reflects the biological. The socionic model serves for reliable diagnosis of psychological types, as well as for determining the relationships between personality types» .

What is MBTI?

In 1921 K.G. Jung published a book called Psychological Types, the academic language of which was difficult for the layman to understand, and, accordingly, few could apply his ideas in practice. However, during World War II, two American women, Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katherine Briggs, developed an accessible way to use Jung's ideas in everyday life. Their goal was to give people the ability to easily determine their type without diving deeply into Jung's academic theory.

The Myers-Briggs Indicator has been the subject of extensive scientific analysis and study, and considerable evidence has been collected for the validity and reliability of the test (Carlson, 1985; Furnham & Stringfield, 1993). The Myer-Briggs Indicator Form G is based on Jung's teachings about personality types. Typing is carried out in a self-diagnosis format using a test printed on paper. It consists of 94 questions with a choice of one of 2 answer options. Based on these answers, preferences are determined according to the four dichotomies described in Jung’s theory: extraversion/introversion (Extraversion–Introversion), sensory/intuition (Sensation–Intuition), logic/ethics (Thinking–Feeling), rationality/irrationality (Judging–Perceiving). By the way, it should be noted that the Russian word “irrationality” has a negative connotation, corresponding to the Russian “unreasonable”. “Form G” is a marking of the evolutionary development of the questionnaire, which went through several stages of clarifying questions based on the results of a scientific analysis of the methodology and results of this test. Thus, MBTI theory currently defines dichotomies, types (16), and several small groups have been described.

The MBTI is the most popular test in the United States and, according to written sources, in the world. It is mainly used in business and education to work more effectively with students and employees in corporations. The test results are used primarily for career guidance, as well as to determine your leadership style and to form effective teams. Those. Most often, the test is financed not by the person being typed, but by an interested organization. There are special practices and exercises aimed at teaching employees to use their strengths to more effectively solve problems and to better understand the actions and thinking of other team members.

The questionnaire is also informally used during hiring, although the MBTI organization itself is categorically against this and regards it as discrimination. In the USA, the resume does not indicate gender, age, nationality or skin color, because... If denied, the company may be sued for denial on grounds of discrimination, even if the person provided the information themselves. That is, for ethical reasons, the MBTI is considered a tool for improving the inclusion of people in the work process, and not for filtering.

It is important to note that MBTI is not a science, it is a product. It was created to make Jung's type theory accessible to people, and the result is a branded, proprietary test. The test has been developed for decades, tested and verified. But nevertheless, the test itself is a derivative of psychology, including Jungian psychology, which is developing and includes interpretations and analysis of the MBTI test.

The main development in the popularity of MBTI is thought to have occurred in the 1970s, with 1.5 million typings recorded in 1986 and 3.5 million typings in 2011. This means personal paid typing followed by work with a licensed specialist.

Anyone can obtain the right to use the test by completing a four-day training and briefly learning how to interpret its results. The main target audience is personal growth coaches, corporate trainers and psychologists. Psychology in the USA is a licensed profession. Therefore, according to the law, in order to work with clients, you must constantly gain qualification points for professional education and pass exams every 5-10 years. The MBTI is part of a scoring system in psychology.

Similarities and differences

Over the past decades, many attempts have been made to link these two systems. We would like to present the resulting conclusions from an article by Lithuanian researcher Lilita Zelita from 2014 in the journal “The humanities and social studies”.

Lilita Zelita has studied more than a hundred works of socionic researchers and more than sixty works of MBTI specialists. The general conclusion is: “Socionics and MBTI have a common theoretical base (C. G. Jung’s Theory of Psychological Types), a general description of the main dichotomies, partially divergent functional models and common final results (16 types and their characteristics). Both theories do not contradict each other, but are mutually complementary, and thus can be used to better understand oneself and others in everyday situations, in the family, in education, in work.”.

That's what it means. All basic dichotomies coincide, several small groups are known in MBTI, the general description of the types coincides with the socionic one.

At the same time, the MBTI also has functional models of each type.

Rice. 1 Type functions in MBTI

For half of the types (extroverts), the models completely coincide with the socionic ones. And the models of introverted types differ from socionic ones (Fig. 1). So, for example, for the ISFP type, which stands for introvert/sensory/feeling/receptive or in socionic terms introvert/sensory/ethical/irrational, i.e. SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”) theoretical model of the order and scope of functions is as follows - the first, dominant function is introverted ethics, and the second, complementary one is extroverted sensing. According to the socionic model, this would correspond to the ESI type (ISFJ, “Dreiser”)..

The functions in the MBTI model are defined as follows.

It is important to note that the type in MBTI is determined through the dichotomies of Jung’s basis based on the results of filling out the questionnaire, and the models do not form the basis for further theoretical constructions and practical application.

Lilita Zelita explains the differences in the theoretical layout and descriptions in MBTI and socionics by differences in the types of their founders and key representatives. The language used in type theory is understandable to ordinary people, since its founders - Katherine Briggs, Isabel Briggs Myers and others, were from the humanities club, and their leading functions were ethics and intuition. Socionics was founded by A. Augustinavichiute, and most of its key representatives, including V. Gulenko, G. Reinin, A. Bukalov, T. Prokofieva - from the club of researchers with the leading functions of logic and intuition.

It is important to note that MBTI is considered as self-identification, self-report: a person shows who he wants to be, what interests him. This is done on the basis of independently completing a test of 96 questions within 20 minutes. Additionally, information is provided on the percentage preponderance of the dominant trait. In this way, a person can see which functions are more pronounced, and where the excess or deficiency is insignificant. Often a recommendation is given to look at information about a related type. The test results are then verified by a specialist.

Socionics focuses on assessing the type from the outside, which is more objective, but technically much more difficult. For correct self-diagnosis, a person must not only have a very deep knowledge of socionic theory, Model A, the characteristics of various types and be free from social stereotypes and approved models of behavior, but also understand and know himself well, accept himself as he is. Such requirements make self-diagnosis very difficult and biased. This issue is discussed in more detail in the article by T.N. Prokofieva and V.G. Prokofiev “Puzzle technology. Quality standards for socionic diagnostics".

This fact - self-diagnosis - explains the difference in assessing the uniformity of the distribution of types among people according to MBTI and socionics. In socionics, as far as we know, it is believed that the distribution is approximately uniform, but in MBTI there are statistics according to which the distribution is uneven. The extreme representatives are the types ISFJ - ethical-sensory introvert - 13.8% of the population, and ENFJ - ethical-intuitive extrovert - 1.5%

A number of articles discussing the complexities of MBTI typing emphasize that the main problem is an overly simplified description of types. After all, extroverts are not necessarily noisy and introverts are quiet, but the point is how a person perceives and processes information. Here you can see a direct connection with the concept of “information metabolism” and the coincidence in this issue between MBTI and socionics. And in order to avoid superficial interpretation, it is recommended that the diagnostician personally explain the results of the MBTI test.

In 2008, personality researchers (Linda V. Behrens and Dario Nardi) added four additional functions to the MBTI model, so-called "shadow" functions, which a person does not normally exhibit, but which can arise when a person is under stress. Shadow processes " work more at the edges of our awareness... We usually experience these processes in a negative way, but when we are open to them they can be quite positive“- write scientists in the manual for working with the MBTI test “Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code”. Thus, in the latest MBTI model there are 8 functions, of which 4 are in the conscious block and 4 in the shadow block. Here is a table with a translation into Russian based on materials from the site http://www.cognitiveprocesses.com/16types/16types.cfm.

Accordingly, extroverted functions of the type in MBTI are reflected by introverted ones in the shadow block, and vice versa. Thus, in the latest theoretical model of MBTI researchers, the presence of 8 functions, 4 main and 4 shadow, is deduced, which theoretically corresponds to the mental and vital rings in the socionic model A. At the same time, “shadow” functions “are activated at the borders of awareness” and more often demonstrate themselves with the negative side, which coincides with the characteristics of the subconscious according to Freud and Jung, but does not quite correspond to their location in model A, because the reaction to the vital functions of model A is not always negative.

It should be noted that the interpretation of the “main” functions of the MBTI is generally similar to the socionic one, but not in all respects.

The first one is basic. Develops first in childhood, requires a minimal amount of energy to use, is the strongest and most confident, can sometimes cause inconvenience to others with its “dominance”

The second is auxiliary, the second is developing. With it we support both ourselves and those around us. In a positive manifestation - a caring parent, in a negative one - too caring, critical, inhibiting.

The third is additional to the auxiliary(although interpreted as a function of children's joy). Source of energy. At the age of 20-30, we are attracted to activity in this function. Often creativity occurs through the third function, but in its negative manifestation a person is too infantile.

The fourth is painful. This function can develop already in adulthood, giving balance to life. Before this, fears, negative projections on others and “shoulds” are associated with it.

The interpretation of the role of each of the identified “shadow” functions in MBTI still differs from the interpretation of the socionic model, while reflecting the corresponding main functions.

Fifth the function is characterized as crybaby.

Sixth – critical parent, stopping and demoralizing others.

Seventh - a deceptive distraction, according to it, what is not important seems important to us.

Eighth – demonic, destructive a function whose actions are usually regretted later.

Comment by T.N. Prokofieva:

"Let us analyze the correspondence of models using the example of TIM ILE (ENTP, Don Quixote) to see the similarities and differences.

What can we say? In some places the characteristics are similar, in others they are not at all. Especially in terms of the functions of the ID block, the MBTI interpretation is not similar to the socionic one. And with awareness and unconsciousness, not everything is clear.
Of course, I would like to read more detailed descriptions of what “basic” means in MBTI, for example.
Is it the same as in socionics? What about “auxiliary”? This was the case with Jung, but a lot of time has passed since then. How do Western colleagues understand all this now?
Well, what about introverted models? Let's look at the example of SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”).

If certain similarities were observed with the extroverted model, then judge for yourself with the introverted model. So far the result is puzzling. Does anyone use this model? Does it have detailed interpretation and practical application?
And the most important thing I want to say is: a model is just a model. It is designed to model some processes for easier study and description. It is far from a fact that this model is conceived and interpreted as a model of information metabolism in the socionic sense. Perhaps it serves to model completely different processes.
There is no way to say that there are different types in the MBTI just because the functions have been assigned a different number. We know the main thing: types are determined using a questionnaire based on basic dichotomies and applied on the same grounds. Models are not involved in diagnostics, nor in type descriptions. What exactly do they describe and whether they are used for something or whether they remain simply written on paper - I would like to understand"

conclusions

The MBTI test does not fundamentally contradict socionic theory in terms of Jung’s basis. This is not surprising, because both theories have the same basis. Moreover, recent theoretical studies of MBTI bring it even closer to socionic theory. At the same time, the MBTI test is supported by a significant number of international studies confirming both its scientific significance and reliable support for the idea of four dichotomies and 16 types.

The key difference between MBTI and socionics is the point of view of the person being typed. In one case, this is self-typing, which, in fact, results in information not so much about who a person is, but about who he sees himself. In socionics, the methodology is aimed at independently typing a person the way he interacts with the real world. The difference between the results of self-typing and typing can be very significant, because in fact, these are answers to completely different questions.

To determine your psychotype, we suggest using the comprehensive but fairly simple Myers-Briggs test.

To take the test, you must answer a series of questions. There are no right or wrong answers to these questions, since it is not the level of knowledge and abilities that is being tested, but the characteristics of a person’s personality. So when answering, choose those points that are most relevant to reality.

How results are calculated

The test determines personality type based on four characteristics:

1) replenishment of energy (extrovert—introvert);
2) obtaining information (sensory-intuitive);
3) decision making (thinking-feeling);
4) way of life (decider-perceiver).

Extrovert (E). Prefers to draw energy from the outside world (people, activities, things).
Introvert (I). Prefers to draw energy from his inner world (thoughts, emotions, impressions).
Sensory (S). Receives information through his own senses.
Intuitive (N). Generates information based on one’s own premonitions.
Thinking (T). Makes decisions with his head, based on logic and objective considerations.
Feeling (F). Makes decisions with the heart, based on personal beliefs and values.
Decisive (J). Prefers an orderly and planned lifestyle.
Perceiver (P). Prefers a spontaneous and flexible lifestyle.

Next, the higher the score for each of the four categories is selected and the resulting personality profile is determined as ISTJ, ISFJ, INFJ, INTJ, ISTP, ISFP, INFP, INTP, ESTP, ESFP, ENFP, ENTP, ESTJ, ESFJ, ENFJ or ENTJ.

Based on the test results, you can make a rough estimate of whether the candidate is capable of holding the position offered to him. For example, if you need to work with people, manage a team, then it makes sense to invite a specialist with an external orientation (extrovert, E), and to organize the material base, production, and target planning - an introvert (I), although both will be sensory and logical and practices. But the first of them is the leader, the second is the organizer. And when choosing a successful seller, it is better to choose an extrovert, an intuitive with ethical and practical components.

If you make a mistake about whether a candidate is externally or internally oriented and offer to trade to an introvert, you won’t come up with anything worse, because an introvert can direct the actions of the team, inspire it, but there will be no practical benefit to trading from him. So, dividing candidates by type will help you not regret your choice, especially since the division system is quite simple.

Last updated: 12/20/2014

Have you ever heard someone describe themselves as an INTJ or ESTP? Have you wondered what these mysterious letters could mean? So, these people mean their personality type according to the Myers-Briggs typology. The Myers-Briggs psychological testing system is a self-administered questionnaire designed to determine a person's personality type, strengths and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabella Myers with Katherine Briggs, her mother, based on their work on Carl Jung's theory of personality types.

Today, this questionnaire is considered one of the most widely used psychological tools in the world.

Working on the Myers-Briggs test

Both Isabella Myers and her mother Catherine were fascinated by Jung's theory of psychological types; they concluded that the theory could have real applied value. During World War II, Myers and Briggs began research and began developing a scale that could be used to measure individual differences. By helping people understand themselves, Myers and Briggs decided that they could also help people choose a career that would best suit their personality type and lead to a healthier, happier life.

Myers created the first handwritten version of the test in the 1940s, and women began testing it on friends and family members. Over the next two decades, they continued to refine the language and content of the test.

Myers-Briggs System Overview

Based on the answers to the questions, people are classified into 16 personality types. The purpose of the MBTI is to allow respondents to further explore and gain a better understanding of themselves: their preferences, strengths and weaknesses, possible career options and compatibility with others. None of the following personality types can be considered better or worse. This system is not a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. The goal of its developers was simply to help you learn more about yourself.

The questionnaire itself consists of four different scales:

Extraversion(E)- introversion(I). This scale was first studied by Jung in his theory of personality types, and was presented as a way of describing people's reactions to phenomena and interaction with the outside world. While these terms are familiar to most people, the way they are used here is somewhat different from the popular way. Extroverts are outward-oriented and tend to prefer activities that involve social interaction; they feel energized by spending time with other people. Introverts focus on their inner world and tend to be reflective and introspective. In solitude, they find what they need to feel great. To some extent, we can exhibit traits of both an extrovert and an introvert, but most of us are still inclined to one of these “poles.”
Common sense(S)- Intuition(N). This scale draws our attention to how we collect information from the world around us. Just as with extroversion and introversion, all people from time to time resort to both common sense and an intuitive search for a solution, depending on the situation. But, according to MBTI, one thing still dominates in a person. People who prefer common sense tend to pay close attention to reality, especially what they can perceive through their own senses. They tend to focus on facts and details and enjoy hands-on experience. Those who prefer intuition tend to pay more attention to things like patterns and impressions. They love to think about the possible, imagining the future and formulating abstract theories.
Thinking(T)- Feeling(F). This scale focuses on how people use the information they have collected when making decisions. People who prefer to think focus their attention on facts and objective data. When making decisions, they are usually consistent, logical and objective. Those who prefer feeling are likely to consider only their emotions.
Judgment(J)- Perception(P). The last scale shows on what basis people base their interaction with the outside world. Those who are prone to judgment prefer balanced and firm decisions. People who are more receptive are more open, flexible, and adaptable.

Each personality type has a four-letter code, there are 16 in total:

The Myers-Briggs system will help you look at yourself from an interesting point of view; that's why it is still very popular. Even without filling out a formal questionnaire, you can probably already recognize some of the tendencies described above in yourself.

The only important thing to remember is that all types are equal, and that each type has a special meaning. By studying or working in a group, you can benefit from understanding your own strengths and understanding others' strengths. For example, working on a project together with other members of the group, you could understand what each of them is strong in, what each of them really has a talent for. By recognizing these differences between team members, you will be able to distribute tasks more accurately and achieve your goals faster.

How is the Myers-Briggs system different from other instruments?

First, the MBTI is not actually a test as such. There are no right or wrong answers to this questionnaire and no one type can be considered superior to the others. The purpose of the questionnaire is not to assess mental health or select diagnostic tools.

Second, unlike many other types of psychological tools, your results are not compared to any norms. Instead of comparing your results to other people's, the system simply offers additional information about your unique personality.

Reliability and validity of the questionnaire

According to Myers and Briggs, the MBTI meets accepted standards of reliability and validity. However, some studies have shown that the reliability and validity of the test results have not been adequately demonstrated.

Studies have shown that between 40% and 75% of respondents received completely different results when taking the test a second time. A 1992 book by the Committee on Human Performance and the National Research Council states that “...there has been no research to justify the use of the MBTI in career guidance programs. Most of the evidence is based on unapproved techniques."

MBTI today

Because the Myers-Briggs Inventory is relatively easy to use, it has become one of the most popular and most commonly used psychological instruments today. Approximately two million adults in the United States undergo it each year.

There are many versions of the MBTI available on the Internet today, but it should be noted that none of the unofficial questionnaires that are freely available can be considered even as close to the real thing. The actual MBTI questionnaire must be completed under the guidance of a qualified and experienced professional who can then correctly interpret the results.

The current version of the Myers-Briggs questionnaire includes 93 questions in the North American version and 88 in the European version. For each question there are two answer options, from which the respondent must choose only one.

Have something to say? Leave a comment!.

The Myers-Briggs test is designed to determine personality type. Psychological testing is widely used by HR specialists in personnel selection. In developing companies there is a question about the choice of management team. By applying the personality typology system, it will become much easier to carry out personnel changes.

From this article you will learn:

how to determine personality typology according to the Myers-Briggs system;
what is the Myers-Briggs test for?
what scales and types are used as the basis for the typology;
how to interpret the results of the Myers-Briggs test;
how to use the test results obtained.

How to determine personality typology according to the Myers-Briggs system

The Myers-Briggs test helps determine personality typologies. Psychological testing is developed on the basis of the previously created typology of Carl Jung.

Basic psychological functions that help to perceive the world:

thinking;
feelings;
intuition;
Feel.

American psychologists Isabel Briggs-Myers, together with her daughter Katherine-Briggs, studied the problem in detail and published a couple of scientific articles. The personality typology based on Jung's work has been expanded. All types were given modern shapes. The MBTI typology, or Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, appeared during World War II. The researchers' theory was based on the original tests they compiled. The purpose of the research was to determine personal preferences in the work of women in order to replace men called up to the front in production.

Scientists paid attention to the developed Myers-Briggs testing methodology in the 50s and 60s. At this time, new experiments were carried out to clarify and supplement the created methodology. Many critics of that time pointed out that the Myers-Briggs personality typology in its theoretical part completely duplicates Jung's research.

The essence of the Myers-Briggs Psychological Testing System (MBTI) is aimed at:

measurement combinations of personality factors, allowing one to predict the propensity for the corresponding type of activity;
identifying the style of actions performed;
the nature of the decisions made.

What is the Myers-Briggs test used for?

The Myers-Briggs test is designed to study the personality of a specific person. The typological indicator consists of eight letters. Each corresponds to the characteristics and qualities of character. Paired combinations are inherent to a certain person in different combinations.

The Myers-Briggs personality test helps determine psychotypes. In turn, the analysis of the resulting combinations allows HR specialists to conclude whether the candidate is suitable for performing a certain activity or whether it is better to immediately refuse cooperation with him.

Basic methods are survey systems using questionnaires. Next, the results are verified. The MBTI personality type is determined based on consultation with a certified specialist. Without mastering this technique, it is impossible to guarantee that the personality type of the person being surveyed has been determined.

Myers-Briggs test based on MBTI questionnaires:

MBTI Step I. The questionnaire contains 93 questions aimed at identifying personality type.

MBTI Step II. Consists of 144 questions that provide a portrait of individual differences within each type.

MBTI Step III. The questionnaire is aimed at analyzing the dynamic development of the type. In Russia, this technique is not used; there are no certified verification specialists.

Based on these models, there are other types of questionnaires. Test results is a comprehensive analysis of personality typologies. The authors of the methods took the Myers-Briggs tests as a basis.

What can the Myers-Briggs test determine?

Using special tests, you can determine a person’s personality type and individual preferences.

Russian-language questionnaires include:

projective diagnostic techniques;
situational behavioral testing;
classic test options;
clinical interviews.

Test options adapted by Yu.B. Gippenreiter. Myers-Briggs questionnaires are quite difficult to decipher. Some scales presented in the original versions do not work. This creates certain difficulties and leads to the likelihood of errors when determining the type of a particular person. The Myers-Briggs test became a separate subject of study by Ovchinnikov and Abelskaya.

Diagnostic testing methods are used:

in management psychology;
in organizational development of personnel.

Scales and types

4 scales (descriptors) on which personality research is conducted are designed for:

orientation of consciousness: introversion-extroversion;
orientation in a certain situation, where the basis is common sense and intuition;
the principles of decision-making based on the logos-pathos type;
ways of preparing decisions: rationality-irrationality.

Introverts belong to type I. According to the Myers-Briggs personality typology, these can be sociable and sociable people, and not withdrawn and closed, as psychologists often imagine. But introverts work better alone; they draw energy from solitude. The orientation is directed inwards, towards oneself.

Extroverts belong to the E-type. For this typology, it is preferable to work in a team, solve problems through heated discussion, and find compromises by consulting with others. Orientation is directed towards external objects.

S-type on the scale is regarded as a person capable of assessing a situation and taking into account the smallest details. They are consistent in their decisions, take known data as a basis, carefully weigh and think through everything, are accurate, and do not take into account guesses that are not confirmed by facts. The orientation is aimed at what is happening today, here and now, at the facts, the experience gained.

N-type Relies more on intuition. People have a developed imagination, the world is focused on possibilities, they are not able to delve into facts, see the global picture and look for various ways to solve problems. The orientation of personality typology is aimed at general information and one’s own intuition.

T-type put logic first. Making decisions occurs after careful consideration of the situation. This personality type is excellent at analyzing the information received. The orientation is aimed at the ability to carefully weigh the pros and cons.

F-type refers to empaths. People have developed emotional intelligence. The orientation is aimed at emotional decision making.

P-type has the ability to perceive a large amount of information coming through different channels. Personality typology is easy on change, quickly copes with large-scale tasks, and knows how to adapt. Orientation is aimed at rapid adaptation to different conditions.

J-type has the ability to plan, avoid chaos, approach solving any problems fully armed, carefully weigh and think through everything, know how to set goals and achieve results. Orientation focuses on ordering and planning.

How to interpret test results

By analyzing the appropriate scales and types, it will be much easier to interpret the test results. When choosing a management team, you should focus on the presented scale. The S-type, T-type, J-type psychotype is ideal for a leadership position. The ability to quickly adapt, make decisions, take into account the smallest details, set goals and achieve the appropriate result are considered indispensable when leading a large team.

Other psychotypes are more suitable for executive roles. N-type employees will be able to communicate with clients and find ways to resolve the issue even in the most difficult and confusing situations. The F type has a high degree of emotionality. This should be taken into account when recruiting personnel. This psychotype is more suitable for performing work where it is necessary to look for non-standard ways to resolve issues.

How to use the results

The Myers-Briggs personality test will reveal your psychotype. When analyzing handwriting, conclusions are drawn about the qualities S-N, F-T. Representatives of the S type are focused on the present, which means their handwriting is distinguished by grace, they dream of making a good impression on people.

Intuitive type N and thinking type T have illegible and flying handwriting. Most often, when determining the scale of paired types, one can conclude which psychotype is the dominant one.

When using the Myers-Briggs test in a survey form, it is worth considering and analyzing general characteristics and keeping in mind that no most detailed questionnaire will help cover all characteristics of human behavior. The test task is aimed at covering the general framework and identifying dominant qualities.

Regardless of psychotype, each person uses both poles of preferences to varying degrees in everyday life. For example, he may be sociable, but at the same time he is an introvert who finds it difficult to work in a team.