The fate of Abel and Powers. Heir to the family of revolutionaries

50 years ago, February 10, 1962, on the Glienicker Brucke, connecting Berlin and Potsdam, where the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and Western Berlin, there was an exchange of Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel at the American pilot Francis Powers.

Soviet military intelligence officer, Colonel Rudolf Ivanovich Abel (real name and surname William Henrikhovich Fisher) Since 1948, was in the United States, where he made a task to identify the extent of military conflict with the United States, created reliable illegal communication channels with the center, mined information about the economic situation and Military (including nuclear) potential.

As a result of betrayal on June 21, 1957, he was arrested. With arrest, called the name of his friend and college - Rudolf Abel. During the investigation, it categorically denied his belonging to intelligence, refused to testify at the court and rejected the attempts of American special services to incline him to cooperate.

On November 15, 1957, he was sentenced to the American court for 30 years of a cauldron prison. The punishment was serving in the federal prison in Atlanta.

Soviet intelligence began the struggle for the liberation of Abel immediately after sentencing him. For several years, there was a painstaking work, which was conducted by a large group of KGB staff. The prisoner appeared the "cousin" Jürgen Drivz, under the name of which an employee of the KGB residency in East Berlin Yury Drozdov was established, the correspondence of the members of the Abel family with his US lawyer James Donovan through a lawyer in East Berlin Wolfgang Fogel. At first, the case was evolved. The Americans were very careful, checked the addresses of a relative and a lawyer, clearly not fully trusting the "cousin Dribus" and Fogel.

Events began to develop faster after the international scandal, which happened on May 1, 1960. On this day, the American U-2 intelligence aircraft, managed by Pilot Francis Gary Powers, was shot down in the Sverdlovsk region (now Ekaterinburg). The route of the intelligence flight of the aircraft ran from the base of Peshawar (Pakistan) through the territory of Afghanistan, a significant part of the territory of the USSR (Aral Sea - Sverdlovsk - Kirov - Plesetsk) and was supposed to be completed at the airbag in Norway. His goal was photography of military facilities.

After crossing the border of the USSR, the intelligence aircraft tried several times to intercept Soviet fighters, but all attempts ended in failure, since U-2 could fly in altitudes inaccessible for the then fighters: more than 21 kilometers. The aircraft was shot down in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Cook under the Sverdlovsk rocket of the anti-aircraft missile complex (SRC) of the C-75, created in the NGO "Almaz" (now - the head system design bureau of the Almaz-Antey Concern. S-75 SPC was first applied to curb aviation actions.

The rocket hit the tail part of the U-2 aircraft at an altitude of more than 20 kilometers. The baked plane began to fall. Powers saved the fact that his cabin was not unloaded miraculously, he waited for a drop to a mark of 10 kilometers and jumped up with a parachute. After landing, Powers was arrested, and then convicted for 10 years in prison.

At a press conference, in response to Soviet accusations that the United States exercise spyware, sending their aircraft in flights over the Soviet territory, US President Duight Eisenhuer advised Russian to remember Rudolf Abel.

Photos Abel and materials about him again appeared in the press. The newspaper "New York Dale News" in his editorial office was the first to offer Abel to Powers. This initiative was picked up other American newspapers. Activated its actions and Soviet intelligence. The Americans perfectly understood that the personnel reconnaissance professional of a high-end abel professional "stands" much more than a simple, albeit an experienced Pauers pilot, and hoped to make a profitable deal. As a result of the negotiations, an agreement was reached on the exchange of Abel on three Americans. In addition to Pauer's pilot, the Soviet side agreed to release the American student from Yiel Frederick Pricaur, arrested for spying in East Berlin in August 1961, and a young American American Makinen from Pennsylvania University. He was in prison in Kiev (Ukraine), serving an 8-year term for espionage.

The exchange of Abel and Powers was decided to hold on February 10, 1962 on the Bridge of Glynicker-Trunk. Exactly in the middle of the bridge, built over the coluting between the two lakes, passed the state border between the GDR and Western Berlin. This steel dark green bridge had a length of about a hundred meters, the approaches to it were well visible, which made it possible to foresee all precautions. In another area of \u200b\u200bBerlin, Charlie checkpoints were to free the Frederick of Pryora.

On the morning of February 10, American cars approached the bridge on one side, in one of which was Abel. On the other hand, the Soviet and East German representatives, who brought Powers. They were accompanied by an indoor van with a radio station. In it, just in case a group of border guards from the GDR took place.

As soon as they received a signal that the PPC "Charlie" Pryor was transferred to the Americans, the main exchange operation began (Makinen was transferred in a month).

Official representatives of both parties met in the middle of the bridge and completed a predetermined procedure. Abel and Powers were invited there. The officers confirmed that these were the people they are waiting for.

After that, Abel was awarded a release document signed in Washington on January 31, 1962 by President John Kennedy and Minister of Justice Robert Kennedy.

Following this, Abel and Powers passed each to their side of the border.

Returning to Moscow, Fisher (Abel) was sent for treatment and rest, then continued to work in the central external intelligence apparatus. He took part in the preparation of young ungivalized intelligence officers. Died in 1971 at the age of 68.

Returning to the homeland, Powers, and then flew on the helicopter of the television company. In August 1977, he died at the crash of the helicopter piloted when he returned from the filming of the extinguishing of forest fires in the vicinity of Los Angeles.

(Additional

About Rudolf Abele tells the former deputy head of the First Main Department (intelligence) of the KGB of the USSR, consultant of the Russian External Intelligence Service of Russia Lieutenant General Vadim Kripichenko.

- Vadim Alekseevich, have you been familiar with Abelia?

The word "familiar" is the most accurate. No more. They met in the corridors, greet, exchanged hands. You will consider the difference in age, and we worked in different directions. I knew, of course, that this is "that same abel." I think, in turn, Rudolph Ivanovich knew who I could know the position (at that time - the head of the African Department). But, in general, everyone has its own plot, we did not intersect with professional affairs. It was in the middle of the sixties. And then I went to the international leadership.

Later, when Rudolph Ivanovich was no longer alive, I was unexpectedly withdrawn to Moscow and appointed the head of illegal intelligence. Then I got access to questions that Abel led. And assessed with dignity - Abel-Scout and Abel-Man.

"We still don't know everything about him ..."

In the professional biography of Abel, I would have allocated three episodes when he had invaluable services.

First - War years: participation in the operation "Berezino". Then Soviet intelligence created a fictitious German grouping of Colonel Shorhorn, allegedly operating in our rear. It was a trap for German scouts and saboteurs. To help Shorhorn, the Schoroshibency dropped more than twenty agents, all captured. The operation was built on a radoigre, for which Fisher (Abel) was responsible. He spent her virtuoso, command of the Wehrmacht until the very end of the war did not understand what they were watering them; The last radiogram from the Hitler's Rate Shorehorn is dated by May 45, it sounds like this: we can no longer help you, we hope to the will of God. But what is important: the slightest mistake of Rudolph Ivanovich - and the operation would be thorn. Further, these saboteurs could be anywhere. Do you understand how is this danger? How many misfortunes for the country how many of our soldiers would pay life!

Next is the participation of Abel in the hunt for American atomic secrets. Perhaps our scientists would create a bomb and without the help of scouts. But the scientific search is the cost of strength, time, money ... Thanks to such people like Abel, it was possible to avoid dead-end research, the necessary result was obtained in the shortest possible time, we simply lost considerable funds to the ruined country.

And of course, - the whole epic with the arrest of Abel in the USA, the court, imprisonment. Rudolph Ivanovich then really risked life, while in terms of professional was perfectly perfect. The words of Dulles, that he would like to have three or four of the same people in Moscow as this Russian, no comments require.

Of course, I call the most famous episodes of Abel. The paradox is that there are a lot of others, very interesting, and now remain in the shadow.

- Classified?

Not necessary. The vulture of secrecy with many cases has already been removed. But there are stories that, against the background of already well-known information, look routinely, unexplored (and journalists are understandable, looking for what is more interesting). Something is just hard to restore. The chronicler did not go for Abel! Today, documentary evidence of its work is sprayed through a variety of archive folders. Minimize them together, reconstruct events - painstaking, long work, who will reach their hands? It is a pity that when there are no facts - legends appear ...

- For example?

Mundir Wehrmacht did not wear Kapitsa did not export

For example, I had to read that in the war Abel worked in the deep German rear. In fact, at the first stage of war, William Fisher was engaged in preparing radio broadcasts. Then he participated in the radioigra. He then consisted in the state of the fourth (intelligence and sabotage) management, whose archives need a separate study. Maximum what was - one or two races in the partisan detachments.

- In the documentary book, Valeria Agranovsky "Profession: a foreigner", written in the stories of another famous intelligence officer, the young coneon, is described such a story. The young fighter of the multiple groups of young reset into the German rear, soon it is enough, they will be brought to the village, there is some colonel there. He squeezedly looks at obviously "left" Ausweiss, listening to a coming explanation, then brings the arrested on the porch, gives a pink under the ass, throws the Ausweiss in the snow ... After many years, the young meets this colonel in New York: Rudolph Ivanovich Abel.

Documents are not confirmed.

- But the young ...

Conmon could designate. He could tell something, and his journalist did not understand him. Could be consciously launched beautiful legend. In any case, Fisher Mundir Vermosphet did not wear. Only during the operation "Berezino", when German agents were reset with a parachute to the camp and Fisher met them.

"Another story is from the book of Cyril Henkina" Hunter upside down. " Willy Fisher during a business trip to England (thirties) was introduced into the laboratory Kapitsa in Cambridge and contributed to the departure of Kapitsa in the USSR ...

In England, Fisher then worked, but it was not introduced to the capital.

- Henkin was friends with Abel ...

He confuses. Or invents. Abel was an amazingly bright and multifaceted man. When you see this when you know that the scout, but you do not know what I did, it begins myth-making.

"I will soon take death than the Secrets known to me"

He painted perfectly, at a professional level. In America, had patents for inventions. Played on several tools. In his free time, solved the most complicated mathematical tasks. Used in Higher Physics. Could literally collect a radio receiver. Joinerynal, shonear, carpented ... fantastically gifted nature.

- And at the same time he served in a department, which does not like publicity. Did not regret? Could take place as an artist as a scientist. And as a result ... I became known due to the fact that I fell.

Abel did not fail. He failed a traitor, Raino Hayehanne. No, I do not think that Rudolf Ivanovich regretted the arrival in intelligence. Yes, not famous as an artist or scientist. But, in my opinion, the work of the scout is much more interesting. The same creativity, plus adrenaline, plus the stress of the mind ... This is a special state that is very difficult to explain in words.

- Courage?

If you want to. In the end, in his primary business trip - in the US, Abel drove voluntarily. I saw the text of the report with a request to send to the illegal job in America. Ends like this: I, rather, I will accept death than the secrets known to me, I am ready to fulfill my duty to the end.

- What year is it?

- I specify why: in many books about Abel, he was told that at the end of his life he was disappointing in previous ideals, skeptically referred to what he saw in the Soviet Union.

I do not know. We were not so close to take the courage to assess his mood. Our work to a special frankness does not have, at home your wife and then you will not say too much: you come from the fact that the apartment can listen - not because they do not trust, but simply in the order of prophylaxis. But I would not exaggerate ... After returning from the US, Abeli \u200b\u200borganized performances at the factories, at institutes, even in collective farms. No ernoze about the Soviet authorities did not sound there.

You are still doing what. The life of William Fisher was not easy, I would like to be disappointed - there were enough reasons. Do not forget, in 1938 he was dismissed from the organs and was very painful. Very many friends were planted or shot. He worked as many years abroad - what prevented to run, start a double game? But Abel is Abel. I think he sincerely believed in the victory of socialism (even if not very ambulance). Do not forget - a leaving from the family of revolutionaries, people close to Lenin. Faith in communism was absorbed with Mother's milk. Of course, a clever person, he all marked.

I remember the conversation - whether Abel said, whether someone in his presence, and Abel agreed. It was about overfulfilling plans. The plan cannot be fulfilled because the plan is a plan. If it is exceeded, it means, or considered incorrectly, or the unbalancement of the mechanism. But this is not disappointment in ideals, rather constructive, careful criticism.

- Smart, strong man in Soviet times constantly leaves abroad. He could not not see what lives better there ...

There is no black or only white in life. Socialism is free medicine, the opportunity to educate children, cheap accommodation. Exactly, Abel was abroad, he knew the price and such things too. Although, I do not exclude, much could annoy him. One of my colleague almost became an anti-signature, having visited Czechoslovakia. He tried in the store shoes, and suddenly, next to him sat with his boots, the then Czech president (seemed to the Povetsky). "You see," the buddy told, "the head of state here is so calm how everything goes to the store and measures shoes. Everyone knows, but no one is fussing, ordinary friendly service. Can you imagine us?" I think that Abel has similar thoughts flashed.

- How did Abel lived here?

As everybody. My wife also worked in intelligence. Once the shocked: "In the buffet, sausages were thrown away, you know who in the queue stood in front of me? Abel!" - "So what?" "Nothing. I took my shelter (no longer give it anymore), I went satisfied." Life standard is a normal medium-Soviet. Apartment, modest cottage. About the car - I do not remember. Did not care, of course, after all, the colonel of intelligence, a decent salary, then pension - but not losses. Another thing is that he did not need a lot. Owl, dressed, wound, roof over your head, books ... Generation is.

Without heroes

"Why didn't Abel gave the title of Hero of the Soviet Union?"

Then reconnaissance - the more alive, who were in the ranks - the hero was not given at all. Even people who mined American atomic secrets, gold stars received only at the end of life. Moreover, the heroes of Russia, their new power awarded. Why not given? Before the leakage of information. The hero is additional instances, extra paper. May attract attention - who, for what? Extra people find out. Yes, and just - a man walked without a star, then he was not for a long time, he appears with the hero's star of the Soviet Union. There are neighbors familiar, the question is inevitable - why? There is no war!

- Abel tried to write memoirs?

Once he wrote memories of his arrest, staying in prison, exchange for Powers. Something else? I doubt. Too much would have to be opened, and in Rudolph Ivanovich, a professional discipline was hosted, which we can talk about what is not.

- But about him is written incredibly a lot - and in the West, and we have, and during the lifetime of Abel, and now. What books believe?

I edit the "Essays of External Intelligence" - the professional activity of Rudolph Ivanovich is reflected here at the most accurate. And personal qualities? Read "Strangers on the bridge" his lawyer in the USA Donovan.

- I do not agree. For Donovan Abel - Iron Russian Colonel. But Evelina Williamovna Fisher, daughter, remembers how his father argued with his mother because of the beds in the country, nervous, if she shifted the paper in his office, rather looked, solving mathematical equations. Cyril Henkin writes about the sincere friend Willy, who Idean served as a Soviet country, and at the end of life I thought about the reincarnation of the system, was interested in dissident literature ...

So you still - with enemies alone, with domestic - others, at different times - different. About a person must be judged by concrete cases. In the case of Abel - doing amendment for a while and profession. But such as he, any country will be proud of all times.

reference

Abel Rudolf Ivanovich (real name - Fisher William Henrikhovich). Born in 1903 in Newcastle-on-secret (England) in the family of Russian political immigrants. Father - from the family of Russified Germans, a revolutionary worker. Mother also participated in a revolutionary movement. For this, Fisher's spouses in 1901 were sent abroad and assieved in England.

At 16, Willy successfully passed the exam in the University of London. In 1920, the family returned to Moscow, Willie worked as a translator in the apparatus of the Comintern. In 1924 he entered the Indian branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow, but after the first year was called into the army, enrolled in the radio telegraph regiment. After demobilization, I went to work in the National Institution of the BCW Air Force, in 1927 he was adopted in an OGPU to the post of an assistant commissioner. Served secret tasks in European countries. Upon returning to Moscow, he was awarded the title of Lieutenant State Security, which corresponded to the military rank of major. At the end of 1938, without an explanation of the reasons dismissed from intelligence. He worked in the All-Union Chamber of Commerce, at the factory. Repeatedly addressed reports about restoring it in intelligence.

In September 1941, enrolled in the division, which occupied the organization of sabotage groups and partisan detachments in the rear of the fascist occupiers. During this period, it was especially close to his companion on the work of Rudolph Ivanovich Abel, whose name will call upon arrest. At the end of the war, returned to work in the Office of illegal intelligence. In November 1948 it was decided to send him to illegal work in the United States to obtain information about American nuclear facilities. Pseudonym - Mark. In 1949, for successful work was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

To unload mark from current affairs, to help him in 1952, heyhanen illegal intelligence radist was sent (pseudonym - VIC). Vic turned out to be morally and psychologically unstable, drank, quickly sank. Four years later, it was decided to return to Moscow. However, Vic told the American authorities about his work in Soviet illegal intelligence and issued a brand.

In 1957, Mark was arrested by the FBI agents. In those days, the leadership of the USSR stated that our country was not engaged in spying. " In order to give Moscow to know about his arrest and that he is not a traitor, Fisher with Arrest called himself the name of his late friend Abel. During the investigation, it categorically denied his belonging to intelligence, refused to testify at the court and rejected the attempts of American special services to incline him to cooperate. Sentenced to 30 years of conclusion. The punishment was serving in the federal prison in Atlanta. In the chamber dealt with the solution of mathematical problems, theory of art, painting. On February 10, 1962, exchanged at the American pilot Francis Powers, convicted by the Soviet court for espionage.

After rest and treatment, Colonel Fisher (Abel) worked in the central intelligence apparatus. He took part in the preparation of young ungivalized intelligence officers. He died of cancer in 1971. He was buried at the Don Cemetery in Moscow.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin, three orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Labor Red Banner, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Red Star and many medals.

Rudolf Abel - brief biography

The present name of a person who is considered to be the most outstanding intelligence of the twentieth century, Fisher William Henrikhovich. He was born on July 11, 1903 in the English city of Newcastle-on-mystery. His father, Heinrich Fisher, who rubbed German from the Yaroslavl province was a convinced Marxist who personally knew Lenin. Mother - Lyubov Vasilyevna, a native of Saratov, was his opponent in the fight. In 1901, the royal government arrested them for revolutionary activities and sent abroad. After graduating from school, William passed the entrance exams in the University of London, but did not have time to start learning there. After coming in Russia, the Bolsheviks to power his family returned to his homeland. At the rights of old members of the party, his family lived even for some time in the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. Before becoming an intelligence, William Fisher changed many professions.

Immediately upon arrival in Soviet Russia, he worked for some time by the translator in the executive committee of the Communist International, which was the authority of the Comintern. Later, being very gifted in artistic attitude, he entered the highest artistic workshops, former to the revolution by the Moscow School of Painting, Drainies and Architecture. However, he studied there for long and in 1924 he became a student of the Institute of Oriental Studies. Here he studied just one year and in 1925 he was called up to the army. The service was held in the first radio telegraphed regiment of the Moscow Military District, where he mastered the profession of a radio train, could collect radio receivers in a short time from the remedies and was considered the best radist in the shelf. After demobilization, not finding classes, he comes on the recommendation in the Foreign Department of the OGPU. With a good biography, technically competent and fluent in foreign languages, Fisher was an ideal candidate for working as an intelligence. At first, he performs a well-known duties of the translator, and then a radar. Since his homeland was England, the leadership of OGPU decided to send to the work of Fisher to the British Islands.

Scout Rudolf Abel (William Fisher)

Since 1930, he lived in England for several years as a resident of Soviet intelligence in England, periodically leaving in other countries of Western Europe. Performed the responsibilities of the residency, organized a secret radio network, transmitting radiograms to the center from other residents. On behalf, which was from Stalin himself, he managed to persuade return to the USSR from England's famous Physics Peter Kapitsa, who at that time taught in Oxford. There are also some information that at that time Fisher was in China several times in China, where he met and became friends with his colleague from the foreign department of OGPU Rudolph Abel, under the name of which he entered the story. After at the beginning of 1938, in the United States fled, taking with him a cash desk of the NKVD, a curator of residents in Western Europe, Alexander Orlov, William Fisher was withdrawn to the USSR, since he threatened exposure. For a short time, worked in an external intelligence office in Moscow, he was fired from the authorities on December 31, 1938 without explaining the reasons and retired. After dismissal, Fisher settled to work first into the All-Union Chamber of Commerce, but six months later on the airflower plant, while the reports constantly wrote to the Central Committee with a request to restore it in intelligence.

When the Patriotic War began, about William Fishera, they remembered how a high-class specialist and in September 1941 he was appointed to the position of head of the Communications Department in the central exploration apparatus on Lubyanka. The data was preserved that he was engaged in providing a parade on November 7, 1941 on Red Square in Moscow. Until the end of the war, Fisher is engaged in the technical preparation of radio broadcasts of sabotage groups, which were sent to the German rear, including the country occupied by Hitler. He taught radio in Kuibyshev intelligence officer, participated in radioigrants with German radio traits, including the Monastery and Berezino. In the last of them, Fisher was able to fool such a German master of sabotage as Otto Slazny, who sent a non-existent German underground on the territory of the USSR of his best people, where they were already waiting for Soviet special services. Until the end of the war, the Germans did not know that they were cleverly drove for her nose. For its activities during the Day of the Patriotic War, I was awarded the orders of Lenin and Patriotic War I degree.

Rudolf Abel activity in the USA

In the postwar years, when the cold confrontation began with Western countries began, it was decided to use the multifaceted Fisher Talent for information on the American atomic project. In 1948, he was under the official pseudonym "Mark", he was sent to illegal work in the United States, having an American passport with him to the Lithuanian Andrew Kayotic. Already being in America, I changed the legend and began to issue myself for the German artist Emil Robert Goldfus. He lived in New York, where he carried out the leadership of the Soviet Agency Network in the United States, having a photographer to cover Brooklyn. His subordinates operated independently of the Soviet Residency with a legal cover - diplomats, consulate staff. Fisher has a separate radio communication system for communication with Moscow. As a coherent agents, he had a famous married couple Maurice and Leontin Koenov. He managed to create a Soviet spy network not only in the United States, but also in Latin American countries - Mexico, Brazil, Argentina. In 1949, for obtaining important data relating to the American Atomic Experiment "Manhattan", William Fisher was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. They were mined information about the establishment of a central intelligence department and the National Security Council in the United States, with a detailed list of tasks assigned to them.

In 1955, Fisher returned to the Soviet Union for several months when his close friend Rudolf Abel died. His reconnaissance career ended on June 25, 1957, when he was arrested by the FBI agents in the New York Hotel Latam. Fisher passed his partner - Radyist Reino Hayehanen under the pseudonym "Vic". Since he was responding to the USSR, where he could get under the repression, Reino decided not to return and reported everything that he knew about the Soviet agent network to American special services. Reyo was known only to the pseudonym Fisher, so Fisher at Arrest gave himself for his late friend Rudolph Abel. This, he insured himself that the Americans would not lead a radoger on his behalf and gave to understand Moscow that he was not a traitor. In October 1957, an open ship process against Fisher-Abel began in the Federal Court of New York, in which he was accused of espionage, his name became famous not only in the United States, but also around the world. He categorically refused to recognize the blame on all points of charges, refused to testify in court and rejected all the proposals of the American side of cooperation. In November 1957, Fisher was sentenced to 32 years in prison, the punishment was serving in a single chamber in Atlanta. From March 1958 he was allowed to conduct a correspondence with his family, which remained in the Soviet Union.

On May 1, 1960, the American intelligence aircraft U-2 was shot down over Sverdlovsk. By piloted his pilot Francis Harry Powers came to captivity. Long-term Soviet-American talks on the exchange of spies began. On February 10, 1962, a exchange procedure was held between East and Western Berlin. Since the Americans well represented the level of Fisher's agent, except for Harry Powers, the Soviet side also had to hand over Frederika Pryer and Marvina Makinen - students convicted in the USSR for espionage. After his return, Fisher continued to work in the central intelligence apparatus. He performed as a consultant when creating the Soviet film on the intelligence "Dead Season", where the facts of his own biography were focused. He died on November 15, 1971. In 2015, a memorable plate was installed in Samara on the house where he lived during the war. In the same year, in Hollywood, the film "Spy Bridge" directed by Stephen Spielberg, telling about the history of the life of William Fisher from the moment of arrest before the exchange.

Six lives of Colonel Abel

Rudolf Abel - William Fisher

Scout illegal William Henrikhovich Fisher, he also Colonel Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, lived five other people's lives plus the sixth - her own.

Soviet citizens, probably, never learned about the existence of Fisher - Abel, if it were not at all a loud business about his arrest in 1957 in the United States and exchange in 1962 at the American pilot of the American pilot of Powers.

Fisher was born in the city of Newcastle-On-Tines in 1903 and spoke English as well as in his native Russian. In the intelligence came on May 2, 1927. Illegal successfully worked in many countries, but despite this, was dismissed from the NKVD on December 31, 1938. It could be worse, many of his friends and colleagues shot, accusing in espionage. As always happens in this life, there are absolutely not those ...

I already talked in this book, as at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, a few, surviving in camps or dismissed from the service of experienced security officers returned to the service. Among them was Fisher. This later, with arrest in the States, he took the name of an old friend and colleagues Rudolph Abel.

Fisher recalled that the calmer period of his life was the one when he worked at the factory, where it settled in the middle of 1939. Two years and nine months he lived without intelligence, she worked under his name and did without any jaws and passwords.

Re-reading a thick bundle of letters written by William Henrikhovich's wife Elea, I came across the revelation hitting me. He wrote his beloved that he did not want and think about the former work, tired of her endless difficulties and would never return to the previous one. Whether it was a minute weakness, whether the insult? Or maybe pure truth broke out from under the pen already a lot of well-known person?

It is known that during the Great Patriotic Fisher served in the management of General Paul Sudplatov. Perfectly owned German, was considered the best radio system and he trained young intelligence and agents of a sabotage case.

History is connected with him, to get to the truthful sources of which I have not yet succeeded: whether the military archives were missing, or did not reach the queue before the opening of a new chapter. There is a version that Fisher acted in the fascist rear under the guise of a German officer.

In the memoirs of another Soviet illegal - a young coneon - I came across such an episode. The young, abandoned in the German rear, was almost immediately caught and delivered to the interrogation in counterintelligence. Interrogative of his fascist did not torment the young for a long time, and left alone, called the future star of Soviet espionage "Idiot" and pushed his kicks for the threshold. Since then, until the end of the days, the smoking the cuckitter. With the "fascist", the young met again, already on the orders of the center, in an illegal business trip in America. Both instantly recognized each other. Is it true or fiction? The young was much on such, who twist in doubts of the hoax.

Even before returning to the fourth office of the NKVD, the modest engineer Fisher made a feat of the suburban scale. Walking in the suburban train with giving in Chelyuskinskaya to the plant and back, he heard he heard the silent conversation in the Tambur, where he came out to smoke. The two inconspicuous passengers solved where it is better to go out. One suggested at the station in Moscow, another objected: it would be necessary to early, and then the train is slipped into another part of the city. And they were dressed in our usual, and no accent, but William Henrykhovich called Patrol and the couple arrested. They were German parachutists.

How did he recognize in these two saboteurs? He was alarmed by the words: "the train is slipped into another part of the city." This is how the movement in Berlin is organized. But where did not happen from, if you believe the official biography, in Berlin Fisher knew these Berlin subtleties and why did they react so quickly, having honed the false? Or has it been in Berlin?

Well known to Abel - Fisher Vladimir Weinshtok, the writer of the cult "dead season" (with Abel, they were not friendly, they were frank, they were visiting each other), I was sure: Rudolf Ivanovich served in the German headquarters. Even inserted into the picture confirming this in the phrase of the main character, which Banionis played, - that first, the headquarters, in which he, the Soviet intelligence officer, did, said, commanded Halder, and then Yoodl. That is, even the specific place of service is indicated - the operational headquarters of the Ground Forces of Germany. Already after the exit famous at that time, Kozhevnikov's book "Shield and Sword" (she did not like the scout) Abel told Winstok that he could pull the wallet from Hitler's pocket, which he saw on average once a month.

I assured me that there was no such thing, the archival materials were not preserved, there is no confirmation. I tried to study for months and over the years, where my hero had been during the Great Patriotic War. I read his letters to loved ones, I wrote down that I was told by his daughter Evelyna Williamovna and the receptional daughter Lydia Borisovna. There were no time for temporary intervals sufficient for deep introduction.

However, the topic of Berlin surfaced once in the lecture, which Colonel Abel was read by students - the future illegals. I quote the "lecturers" literally: "In its practical work, the intelligence officer needs not only in sources of information, but also in the services of people who can store materials, devices, to be" mailboxes "and provide such services to him. I will tell you about a small incident, where the accident helped our comrade.

It was in Berlin in late 1943. The city was fiercely bombed. Late at night, returning home, our comrade, who worked there, overtook another flight. He hijled from fragments in the course leading to the basement of the destroyed house. Somewhere between the ruptures of the bombs and shells suddenly heard the faint sound of the piano. He listened and made sure that Mazurka Chopin was playing. Another person, maybe, would not pay attention to the sounds of the piano, especially on what the chopin is played. Our comrade remembered that Chopin Fascists was banned. I thought that the playing looking for peace in music and should be a person who for nine years of the existence of Nazism was not amenable to his influence. I found the entrance to the basement and found two women there. Mother and daughter. On the piano played daughter.

As a result of this "random" dating, a reliable apartment was obtained, where our comrade could quietly prepare his messages, keep documents and other scout economy. In this apartment, he spent the last days of battles in Berlin and waited for the center of the center about the exit from the underground.

I hope that this case from our practice will give you an idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of our work. Outwardly, it does not replete very large drama. It is not necessary to have a minister as a source of information. It is enough to recruit the trusted servant. And in the US, I worked from 1948 to 1957. Then prison, arrest and in the 1962th exchange. "

About whom from "our comrades" told the listeners a colonel? It is clear that the person is intelligent, even under the firing, I managed to quickly figure out what the prohibited chopin is played. Isn't your own experienced illegal, a magnificent musician, with my disciples? I would like to believe that so. But it dispels with the facts and dates, precisely established.

From declassified archives, it was allowed to float one curious and documented episode associated with my hero. In mid-1944, German lieutenant colonel Shorhorn was captured. He managed to transfer and start the operation to distract the major forces of the German Wehrmacht. According to the legend, asked by the Germans, the Office of Pavel Sudoplatov, a large division of the Wehrmacht operated in Belarusian forests, a miracle of the avoidance of captivity. It allegedly attacked regular Soviet parts, reported to Berlin about moving the enemy's troops. The attack on our troops is a solid fiction, which in Germany nevertheless believed. But a regular connection with Berlin wandering in the woods a small group of Germans really supported. It was VILIAM Fisher who is disguised in the form of a fascist officer and started this game along with its radists. The group included and captured by the Germans. This operation was called "Berezino". Airplanes flew out of Berlin to Belarus, the Germans were discharged for their group dozens of tons of weapons, ammunition, food. More than two dozen arrivals of the Shorehorn saboteurs were arrested, partially transferred and included in the radio. It is not difficult to imagine what disinformation they transferred. For all this personally, Führer produced Shorehorn to Colonels, Fisher was presented to the top reward of Reich - Iron Cross. For the same operation and for work during the war, William Henrikhovich Fisher was awarded the Order of Lenin.

The Germans fucked in this way more than eleven months. Hitler has already committed suicide, Berlin was taken, and the radio picture continued. Only on May 4, 1945, Fisher and his people received the last radiogram from somewhere from Germany, not from Berlin. They were thanked for the service, they regretted that they could no longer assist, and, I wanted only to help God, were offered to act independently.

Since 1948, he illegally worked in the United States. It is well aware of how Fisher led the network of Soviet "atomic" agents in the States. Much less write about his connections with our illegal glasses in Latin America. They, most of them, front-line officers or partisans, imperceptibly monitored American courts and were ready, if necessary, to perform sabotage. The Chinese who lived in prosperous California were recruited. And they already knew how and what signal to carry explosives on the US Navy ships, which delivered military goods to the Far East. The need, fortunately, did not occur. But sometimes Filonenko's illegal and others, who worked in Latin America with their wives, sometimes chose to the United States, met with Fisher and not at all in New York. Partisan, sabotage skills could come in handy and resident, and his people.

It was, according to my research, no more, and another agent network that controlled or from which Fisher collaborated. And in America, he was appreciated by the knowledge of German. On the east coast of the United States, he was associated with the German Emig Rates who fought Hitler before and during World War II. They committed sabotage in various countries captured by the fascists. Here the name of the militant Kurt Vessel pops up, during the war years helped by the famous saboteur-anti-fascist Ernst Volyvebeber. In the States, he made an excellent career, becoming a shipbuilding company engineer in Norfolk. In the late 1949th and in the 1950s, Vi-Zel had access to the secret information itself.

There are some, emphasized, some reason to assume that during the Great Patriotic Fisher acted in certain episodes under the name of Rudolf Abel.

Rudolf Abel and Willie Fisher were friends. In the dining room and then went together. On Lubyanka joked: "Von Abelie came." Perhaps they became acquainted in China, where both worked by radio cars. Maybe the fate brought them in 1937, according to the daughter of Fisher Evelyn.

In the war years both lived in a small apartment in the center of Moscow. Wives, children were sent to evacuation. And the evenings in the kitchen gathered three. They were even dubbed, which was at that time originally and boldly, "three musketeers".

Who was the third? When after a few decades after the war, the third, radio journalist Kirill Henkin was allowed after the war, which did not become a Chekist, and left. To surprise, he was released peacefully, without scandals, promising to keep silence.

Silence, possibly kept, but the book "Hunter upside down" about William Fishera and his last moments wrote. Well, God with him, with Cyril Hankin, who died at the age of ninety years in Germany. Some episodes from his book are curious. Hen-Cine left from the USSR was forced to abide by the laws of the emigrant genre, otherwise who would publish a book. But now, no doubt causing. The cleaning began, and the office in which Rudolf Ivanovich Abel and four colleagues were sitting, every day empty. One after another colleagues were called somewhere, went out and did not return. On the tables, then at night sealed, personal belongings remained, cups with tea. And on the chair for a long time hung a cheeky forage. For some reason, she was not cleaned, and she served as a formidable reminder of the fate of her owner.

I will venture to make a guessed about the causes of the real friendship of two heroes of this narration. It was in the fate of two scouts - Abel and Fisher - something in common that, as it seems to me, they are brought together. Both were not the balobs of Fortune. The fate of them beat cruelly: soulful wounds from shocking their own hard. And do you heal? William Fisher, as you know, in the pre-war years of cleaning and executions fired from the NKVD. Rudolph Ivanovich Abel after the shot of a brother - the old Bolshevik - also thrown out of the organs, and then returned. And although the wife came from the nobles, and relatives remained in the occupied Riga, they did not touch him on the days of the war.

Apparently, Abeli \u200b\u200bwas trusted, since it was limited to written justifications:

"To the personnel department of the NKVD of the USSR.

I bring to the attention that my parents and younger brother left the territory of the Latvian SSR temporarily occupied by the territory of the Latvian SSR in Riga.

Nothing is known to me about the fate of my relatives.

Deputy. nach 3 compartments 4 management of the NKGB of the USSR, Major State Security R. Abel.

Fortunately for Major, he was extremely needed: "From August 1942 to January 1943, he was located in the Caucasian front as part of the opera group on the defense of the Caucasus Range. In the period of edema. Wars have repeatedly leaving the fulfillment of special tasks. "

And the key phrase that gives the answer to the question than he was engaged in: "performed specials for the preparation and abandment of our agent in the rear of the opponent."

Everyone has a war

The daughter of Fisher Evelyna told me about the friendship of the Father with Rudolph Ivanovich Abel, about how her family lived during the war.

I don't undertake exactly judge, but they met with Rudolph Abel, probably in the year 1937, when both served in the bodies. And he appeared with us, on the second Troitsky, after our return from England, approximately in December. And soon began to come often.

Dad was higher than uncle Rudolf. He is skinny, dark, his leans is decent. And uncle Rudolph is blond, a chunky, smiling, with a dense chapel. The third friend appeared much later - Kirill Henkin. In the war years, he studied at the School of Radruists, and the Father with Uncle Rudolf with him at that time came together. So Henkin told that no one differed there. They were completely different, but nevertheless they were confused. And because a lot of free time was spent together. They were Abel with Fisher or Fisher with Abel and walked mostly a pair. Apparently, they did the same thing. But what - I do not know, it is difficult to judge, and it does not concern me in any way. Their work is their work. And they were friends very.

At first, before the war, they were friends with Willie Martens - called His Willie small. He was younger than uncle Rudolf, so called small. I even have a suspicion, although what suspicion is here: Uncle Willy also worked at the Committee at the same time. Then all his life, and during the war, in military intelligence. Father Uncle Willie and my grandfather, both old Bolshevik, knew each other well. Martens Dacha was also in Chelyuskinskaya. I and Martens-senior - Ludwig Karlovikh - was well acquainted: a typical German personality with a good one belly. Here they are three, even before Henkina, and were friends.

During the war, when my mother and I lived in Kuibyshev, Dad, Uncle Rudolf and Cyril Henkin lived three of our apartment. Because the uncle Rudolf in the house, in my opinion, number 3 on the street Morchlevsky, the windows were knocked out: the bomb fell on the contrary, it was impossible to insert glass, and he moved to dad on Trinity. And Cyril, who studied in their intelligence, there was no place to live. And he also came to the dad on the apartment. I slept on these two chairs - they are 300 years old, probably the middle of the XVIII century. Kirill tied them with ropes and slept. But why I slept on the chairs, I do not understand, there was enough beds there. Maybe the mattresses lacked, and the chair is more or less soft. In any case, these three men lived, as they knew how, the farm was led. Wood windows, so they were hanging and remained. Dad told that when they began to wait for us and blackout removed, they were horrified by the color of the wall. Then there was glue paint, there was no wallpaper, and they were waved the walls, Uncle Rudolf helped. And by the time he, by March 1943, has already returned to himself, on Markhevsky. There, after his death, the wife of Uncle Rudolf was living - Aunt Asya, as long as on the slope of the years, already when herself could not serve himself, did not move to the boarding house. They did not have children ...

Father returned to the organs in September 1941. Later, already in 1946, there was conversations in the house, as if he was instructed for him, Beria's favorites General Pavel Sudoplatov. And here I am inclined to believe. Sudoplatov, who responded as a harsh professional, needed experienced and proven people. My father immediately went to work, disappeared from the house, was not shown in the day. Mom was not too worried, probably knew where he and that he.

But on October 8, 1941, I and Pope and Pope were left from Moscow to Kuibyshev. On this occasion, confusion arose. Some people assure that dad during the war worked for a long time in Kuibyshev. His present colleagues from Samara even attribute to the Father organizing a special intelligence school there. This is not true.

We went to evacuation. The whole composition, family of Chekists in the heatsipers, and with us also spot. A completely wonderful, amazing sparkling-fur foxterrier with typical English name. Dad said: If the spot will not agree to take it in a heal, then I will shoot it, because otherwise he will perish. But they agreed, and our Tavelushka turned out to be the only one that was not robbed throughout a long path - thanks to the dog, no one could enter the dog. In addition to me, the two children were driving in the hemp, they were in the wildly delighted with the fact that we have a dog.

At the end of October, the composition was dotted to Kuibyshev, but they were not given to fall, although Mom had an agreement with the local opera and ballet theater, which she would stay there as an artist. Sudged in SERNOVODSK - a small resort hole kilometers in a hundred. My dad stayed with us, in my opinion, two days, went to Kuibyshev - and disappeared. We sat without everything - no cards, no money. Unloaded us and forgotten.

And then the mother developed a rapid activity. I was driving with us in the reservoir, the wife of one employee is a professional singer. And they were organized together for the flight part, which was nearby, concert. Participated in it all who could. I played a cello, and my cousin Lida read poems "On the Soviet passport". Lida grew in our family as a native.

The part management remains a very pretty concert: it was quite uncomfortable to them in SERNOVODSK. In gratitude, they took mom on their military car in Kuibyshev, because by that time it was possible to get there only by passing. Mom immediately took into the theater. But she, the wife of the scout, immediately decided to find where the local authorities: I wanted to find dad. Instead, he got into the police, from where the director of the theater was pulled out. There were also bold people.

And then on the street, Mom accidentally met Uncle Rudolf Abel. They were terribly delighted, because Abelie left Moscow by themselves. Uncle Rudolf and told Mom that he was left in Kuibyshev, and dad on a business trip: I went to Ufa for some equipment. I gave my mother a bottle of alcohol and said that when Willie returns, we will break it with him. Alcohol was a bit, and he went to completely different. On the way back from Ufa or from somewhere from those edges, the father fell under the ice river Ufimki. He arrived in the SERNODC wet, dirty and all in the lice, because when they got out of the river, they let them warm them into the village horses. There and gained all this literality. Mom did not even closely at him. What they were lucky, I have no idea, maybe you will learn it elsewhere. Well, all the alcohol went to make a dad sanitizing.

He stayed his father in Kuibyshev after that another two weeks. Then he went to Moscow and no longer returned. And we stayed in Sernovodsk very long. They lived mainly in Kuibyshev, first a little bit on Gorky Street, then on the co-operative on the corner of Frunze and, in my opinion, Lion Tolstoy. But long there were not detained. Returned to Moscow in March 1943, when the Father managed to arrange a pass for this.

And Uncle Rudolf remained in Kuibyshev longer than dad. And since both were engaged in the same thing - they prepared the partisans - then I think Kuibyshev comrades confused and attributed to the organization of special intelligence officers to my dad. No, Rudolf Abel has worked at school in the village of SERNODSK. Maybe the father, returning from his business trips, helped him too. They taught radio clothes with which both were great familiar. Then their students threw into the rear to the Germans.

They were often confused. But that one of them gave himself for another, as written in some books, - nonsense. Lord, well, what are just not treated. They say that dad used the name "Abel" in the war years - not true. Funny all this.

In general, if you believe Molve, then where only my father in the war did not work. Even in England and Germany sent him. No, in the war years, Dad did not go to any Great Britain.

I know that Papa sent to the partisan detachment in Belarus, and they had one of the brothers - famous bannoy runners. The dad was a furuncle, and the father really liked to tell that he opened his surgeon and athlete Georgy Znamensky. Although the father was absolutely not interested in sports. But on the bike, traveled on the rollers. But on skis - I did not know how.

After the war, he learned: his father participated in the operation of Berezino, even received a reward for her, in my opinion, the Order. But everything is quiet, without any Litavr.

Father leaving quite often and for a long time. And how much, I did not count and now it is difficult for me to navigate, although we lived. Of course together. And after the war, he told little about his military affairs.

What do I have from military memories? This is somehow crashed: Pope had two students - two brothers-German. And he worked with them, prepared. The only time they appeared - the handsomeness of blonde, twenty years old or smaller. For some reason came for the sewing machine - what did they do with her? I then broke the unlawful family ban, asked Father, as they then developed. He was upset because it was very bad. Both were killed when they were dumped in Yugoslavia.

Another case is associated with martial weapons. After returning from the evacuation, I saw the first and last time at the father's pistol. I can and make a mistake, but it seems, "TT". The father had a hurry and left at night somewhere at night. Show me how to collect it, disassemble. And he was very proud that he had it quickly and deftly. But Mom, this left pistol immediately selected me. And so, I do not know if the father shot sometime from the combat weapon, is there. The conversation never came.

All his real life was in work, outside the house. And about her - silence.

Even on May 9, 1945, we did not particularly celebrate. Dad, as almost always, was not at home - another business trip. Where he is that he - we did not know. And without him at the table, raising glasses did not want.

From the war another episode. Since the light happened to the light, all sorts of problems and matches also turned into a major deficit, and in the house there were all smoking, brought the father a lighter. At that time I was not smoking yet, but my grandmother, my mother, my father himself ... Lighter was the subject of his pride, she had a platinum spiral.

The story of this lighter was quite interesting.

Some of the employees came and said: "Oh, Willie, what is your good lighter. You should make the same to our boss. " What Pope objected: "Why is it? Our head can do everything himself. He and opportunities to get the necessary details much more than me. " The next day, dad comes to work - no lighters. He quickly realized what was the matter. I went to the boss - and she is there on the table. My father immediately: "Hello, my lighter fell to you." He took her and left. And then brought home.

In general, the bosses is a special category. If it is at all honestly, Dad did not like bosses. I tried not to contact him. Why and why - I do not know. Did not love. Surname Korotkov (after the war, the head of all Soviet illegals. - ND), Of course, we had a house at home, but to say that the father had some kind of relationship with a short outside of service. SA-Kharovsky (headed the management that was responsible for illegal immigrants, longer than others. - ND) mentioned even less often. But the name of Fitin (the head of the foreign exploration of the military years. - ND) It was uttered - but in wartime. Before the war, the main thing there was Spiegellass. But besides surnames - nothing ...

And when Dad has already returned (never for our meetings, Evelina "returned from the US" or "went to the States." - N. E), such a story happened. Pulled him on literary activities. Then they just began to publish the magazine "Circle". And here in the first rooms he wrote a story. Instead of the author's name - Colonel three stars.

There was described that the same Radio ("Berezino". - N. D. .), which they led with the Germans. If I'm not mistaken, the plot is: it seems to be captured by a German officer in the partisan detachment. And he persuades to lead a radoigru with its own. And as a result, our weapons receive the parcels, a German landing is planted for them.

But with the story it turned out not good. Then a person wrote a script on it and filmed a movie on television. And without any father's knowledge. Dad tried to indignant. But he was told: I'll think about the colonel three stars, too, to me, alias. And on this the question was closed. Father was very unhappy. Of course, it's a shame. I believe that it was a spit in the face and completely sassy. I would have got this screenwriter, I would tell him a couple of words, and with great pleasure. What theft is not good and brazen.

But to enter into a quarrel, to prove something with crooks ... All this was lower than paternal dignity. And he always had a lot of affairs.

Then in the journal "Border Guard" there was another story of the Father - "The end of black knights." But a completely different story, different stories.

(N. D.: I will draw a short story story. The Soviet intelligence officer deals with the Nazis hiding in various countries. In the end, a winding track leads him to Paris, where he with the help of French communist friends and destroys the Nazi network.

The scout image is absolutely autobiographical. In the reasoning of the main character about illegal intelligence there is a specific specificity in the dialogues. It is clear that Feather drove a professional.

In the editorial office of the Border Guard, the story was rated, printed. And also said: the author is understandable, from the organs, "but not Abel". Having learned that it was he who was embarrassed.

William Henrikhovich invested a lot of personal military memories in the Black Knights. In addition to passages about the intelligence, I liked the Paris seen by Abelia, where I lived a lot of years. And traveling along wine codings with tastings, episodes in Parisian restaurants, descriptions of food, seasonings, sauces and smells are directly encyclopedia of French life.

And again the question arose: how does Abel know all this? In such details and details, only a person who knew and who loved the changeable city, not everyone who opens the city is capable of giving a living picture. But again, if you believe the biographies of the colonel, his leg in Paris did not go.

Means what? Do not believe? I am all about small and mysterious cattle. Of these, even inquisitive biographers Abel Fisher do not get out.

Family chronicles

Recovery daughter Abel - Fisher Lydia Borisovna Boyarskaya allowed me to publish several letters of William Henrykhovich. They are simple. They are an atmosphere of war years.

A letter to William Fisher in Kuibyshev, where the family lives in waiting for the pass to return to Moscow.

"... about arrival in Moscow ... I waited, I hoped that I could already send you a skip, but so far everything is delayed. On this issue, we have created a partnership with Misha Yarikov (exploration colleague. - N. D.) And another comrade. I have a good reason to speed up your arrival - this is Evuni's disease (daughter Evelina. - N. D.). All you can, I do and I will do. I want to see you at home.

Not in vain, I already lived in a monk and I am not looking for another family or a connection .... You should also prepare. We need to think about how to pack the harp. Without harp, you can not move ...

I got for Vali Martens (Willie Martens. - ND) a little firewood and christmas tree, and she lean me boots, so legs warm. In the apartment (Moscow. - ND) We are cold, gas does not work. When you arrive, I am a stubby and a little firewood, and you will immediately have a valid kitchen. Rudolph (Abel. - N. D.) Not yet arrived ...

I am building plans to leave the People's Commissariat. Either to the plant, or to engage in painting. Singing you on the neck for a year and teaching. I will not be worse if there is no better than these Mazils who took the power in this area. And you can also work in the work at the factory. Only not a drug addict. Enough! .. "

William Fisher leads a radoigroy with the Germans during the operation "Berezino". He writes his wife from a distant partisan squad.

"... I wrote to you that here is a nice doctor, a well-known athlete Znamensky (runner). He from a simple peasant family, his persistence made a doctoral diploma and considerable results as an athlete. There is still Ermolaev - photographer, hunter and fisherman. He will be able to make a pass to the tagebie reservoir - what I will inform Yasha Schwartz - we will have a fish, and in the fall - ducks.

We live here primitive. My working day starts at 3 in the morning. It is only recently, due to a change in the situation. Duty. With 10 work with interruptions, periodically sleep. Drink at 10, 16.00 and 21.00, and lunch is very good, but breakfasts and dinners are weak. Mainly on fat. Due to the heavy load, I received additional packs.

We live in peasant fur coats and effusively feeding fleas. Stains on paper from kerosene, the lamp flows ... fur coats are good and large, but very dirty. Which one will not find the shelves on the shelves, in the lips and in the attics - the whole and broken, right and unnecessary - everything fell together ... "

Letter from the partisan detachment

"... Apparently, December 12 will be a car to Moscow. Our Hunter Yermolaev is going with her, which, obviously, will bring you this letter ... How with my salary? I gave Yermolaev the power of attorney and maybe he will be able to get money for December M-C and transfer to you. In general, the issue of communication with you needs to be resolved, since, in all signs, the case took the form of a long operation, and as far as it delays it - it is difficult to foresee. It seems that I will meet the New Year in the Debry of Belarus. Loading work slightly decreased, there is nothing to do, there are no books. If you can - I came 3 books on the radio (lists the books. - ND) ... I want to remember the old and still the history of WCP (b). Ermolaev will tell about our live - to be more details ... "

Letter from Belarusian forests

"Dear Elechka! Today I received your parcel and letters ... I gave your letter through the comrade, who will not return here. This is my old familiar at school of 1937, cute, elderly man Belov Alexey Ivanovich. He after Rudolf taught Morse ... Soon I will start moving around, but do not think that we are somewhere at the front. The nearest point of the front is at least 400 km and except for ordinary everyday dangers there are no more. I can catch a cold in Moscow, so you don't worry about me ... I am sending a night light that I found in the abandoned Germans. If you upgrade wax, then the wick is almost that eternal. Try to use liquid paraffin, it should burn. We are here too on with all sorts of light sources. But we still have better - there is kerosene, but there are no glasses to the light bulbs, and it is purified to invent blanks or cloths from pieces ...

Brought breakfast - cards, puree and smoked sage, 2 pieces of sugar and tea. I will cook coffee. Coffee! Dream is carried out.

I am very glad that you finally got to the orchestra, even if in the circus. It will only be the beginning, especially since there are quite good conductors. The circus also has the advantage that he stands still, and Igor Moiseyev, although no higher brand, does not sit on the spot. Only you in vain contacted knitting, think about what you need to take care of health. "

Lydia Borisovna Boyarskaya told me how William was leaving:

On October 8, 1971, the guests arrived at Evuna for the birthday. I was also there and did not even notice that with uncle

Willy occurs something bad. He was as always welcoming, his illness did not really indicate the illness. Here and the harmoniousness, and the will of the iron. But soon he became bad, put in the oncological hospital.

And the day to death, on November 14, and the Evohn and I were on duty in his ward. Uncle Willy lay alone, and near him was constantly an employee from intelligence. Uncle Willie was unconscious, the condition is terrible. Apparently, they tormented his terrible dreams. It seemed to us - the moments of arrest, interrogation, the court ... He rushed all the time, moaned, grasped behind his head and rushed to get up. Even fell to the floor, and we didn't hold it threemates. He did not come into consciousness. Died on November 15, 1971.

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Abel Rudolf Ivanovich (real name and surname William Hernichovich Fisher) (1903-1971), Soviet intelligence officer.

The future famous "nuclear spy" was born on July 11, 1903 in Newcastle in the family of the Russo German, Social Democrat, emigrated to England.

After the October Revolution of 1917, Fishera returned to Russia and adopted Soviet citizenship. William, perfectly knew English and French, in 1927 he entered the Department of External Intelligence GPU. In the 30s. XX century He drove into Europe twice and, being there on an illegal position, provided the radio communication of the Soviet Residency with the Center.

During the Great Patriotic War, Fisher was engaged in organizing intelligence and sabotage groups and partisan detachments. After the war, he was sent to America to obtain information about the economy and military potential of the United States. Successfully legalized in 1948 in New York under the guise of the free artist Emil Goldfus, Mark (code name of the scout) established links with the Volontira group, in which Americans operated with Soviet intelligence in ideological reasons. The leader of the group - Louisnik and the connected - his wife Lesli (Spouse Martin and Leontin Cohen) provided a brand of secret data on the development of the atomic bomb, carried out in Los Alamos.

Issued a brand own radist-connected. The arrest occurred on June 21, 1957. Mark needed to report this Moscow so that American intelligence agencies could not start a provocative game. Therefore, he confirmed his Soviet citizenship, but called the name of a friend who also worked in the security authorities and by that time already the deceased, Rudolf Abel. It is under this name Fisher and entered the story.

He refused to cooperate with US intelligence services. The lawsuit in the case of Abel was accompanied by a loud anti-Soviet campaign in the press. Scouts sentenced to 30 years in prison.

After four and a half years of imprisonment, it was exchanged on the American pilot F. Powers, shot down in 1960 in the sky over the USSR. Director of the CIA A. Dulles admitted: he would like the United States to have "three-four such people like Abel, in Moscow."