Abbreviation of words in English online. English abbreviations and abbreviations
Any language is a tree with many branches. Written, colloquial, slang, professional terms. What do you know about abbreviations in English? They are now generously used in notes, SMS and when communicating on the Internet. If you communicate with foreigners, you will definitely come in handy, I picked up a little on Facebook.))
So the most popular...
- What does TNX or THX mean?
- What does NP and YW mean?
- What does PLZ or PLS mean?
- What does XOXO mean?
- What does lol mean?
- What does ROFL mean?
- What does WTF mean?
- What does OMG mean?
- What does BRB mean?
- What does RLY mean?
- What does BTW mean?
- What does AFK or g2g mean?
- What does IMHO and FYI mean?
- What does AFAIK mean?
- What does SY mean?
- What does XYZ mean?
- What does BYOB mean?
- What does AC/DC mean?
With none of us has this situation happened: you learn English, you know it well, you turn on the English film in the original and you understand ... that you don’t understand anything. There can be many reasons for this, and one of them is ignorance of the colloquial abbreviations of the words we know. In this article, we will talk about the most common informal abbreviations and give examples of their use from movies, TV shows, cartoons and songs. You're gonna learn English today!
20 informal abbreviations in English
We immediately want to inform you: you need to know all the abbreviations below in order to understand the modern speech of foreigners, but you should use these words carefully. All abbreviations are informal, so you shouldn't use them in negotiations, but in a conversation with a friend, it's quite possible to screw in some I wanna cuppa tea (read on to find out what we told you :-)).
Below you will see examples of the use of informal abbreviations from films, songs and cartoons. We want to inform you that we provide the official translation of the characters' phrases, so don't be surprised if it is not literal. And now let's get acquainted with the 20 most popular informal English abbreviations.
This abbreviation in oral speech, perhaps, can be found even more often than its full form going to. So let's learn how to use it correctly.
I'm not gonna play tennis with you. = I'm not going to play tennis with you. - I don't going to play tennis with you.
Please note: in their speech, speakers most often also omit the verb to be before the word gonna. For example, let's consider a phrase from the movie "From Dusk Till Dawn":
2. Gimme = give me - give / give me
This abbreviation is familiar to all of us from the ABBA song of the same name “Gimme, Gimme, Gimme”. So, you can ask your friend to give you something:
Gimme your pen. = give me your pen. - Give me your pen.
Let's listen to how the soloists of the ABBA group pronounce this word.
3. Lemme = let me - let me
This abbreviation is similar to the previous one, but is used less frequently. Although lemme (and all other abbreviations) can often be found in the songs of Beyonce or Rihanna. You can use it like this:
Lemme take it. = Let me take it. - Let me take it.
4. Gotta
And this reduction can replace two whole constructions:
- gotta = (have) got a - have (something), have (something).
In some cases, gotta is preceded by the verb have/has, while in other cases it is omitted. Let's look at examples to better understand the rules for using this popular abbreviation.
You gotta note it. = You have got to note it. - You must write it down.
Has she gotta suitcase? = Has she got a suitcase? - She has There is suitcase?
It should be noted that gotta is still more often used in the first sense - "must do something." Let's look at an example from the movie Forrest Gump:
5. Wanna
The situation with this word is similar to the previous one: wanna has two meanings. Let's look at examples of their use.
- wanna = want to - want (to do something);
Do you wanna go home? = Do you want to go home? - You Want Go home?
- wanna = want a - want (something).
I wanna cup of tea. = I want a cup of tea. - I Want Cup of tea.
A perfect example of the use of the word wanna is the touching and romantic song I Wanna Grow Old with You.
The modal verb ought to apparently seemed too long to the English, and so they decided to "shorten" it to a conveniently pronounced oughta. Here is how it is used:
You oughta buy pizza for me. = You ought to buy pizza for me. - You should buy me a pizza.
But such a funny example was “provided” to us by the film “Star Wars. Episode IV: A New Hope":
7. Ain't = am not, are not, is not, has not, have not - not (as a negative particle)
The abbreviation ain't is the most ambiguous in the English language. First, see how many words it can replace. Secondly, you need to know this abbreviation, but it is advisable not to use it in your own speech. The fact is that some native speakers of English consider it too informal and even illiterate. But songwriters and movie scriptwriters love this word and use it quite often. Here is an example from the movie Iron Man 2:
The hero tells us this phrase:
I'd love to leave my door unlocked when I leave the house, but this ain't Canada. - I would like to leave my door unlocked when I leave the house, but this Not Canada.
In this example, ain't replaces is not. And here is an example from a Bon Jovi song, where he sings the phrase till we ain't strangers anymore (while we are not strangers yet).
In this example, ain't replaces the are not construct. Be careful and look at the context in order to correctly understand what is being said.
A very popular abbreviation that you will see in many films. You can use it in your own speech like this:
I have a lotta books at home. = I have a lot of books at home. = I have lota books at home. = I have lots of books at home. - In my house a lot of books.
We found a wonderful example of the use of two abbreviated forms of the word "many" at once in the fourth part of "Fast and the Furious".
9. Kinda \u003d kind of - to some extent, sort of, somewhat, somewhat
And also kind of something - kind/type of something.
This abbreviation is often used in speech, especially Americans love it, so let's find out how to use it. Here are some simple examples:
She kinda love him. = She kind of love him. - She like loves him.
What kinda person are you? = what kind of person are you? - What kind of person are you? (What are you type person?)
Now let's look at an example from the famous song Crazy by Aerosmith. In a short passage, the abbreviation kinda is used three times in the meaning of “kind of something”, “type of something”.
This abbreviation is also very popular. It can be used like this:
I'm sorta excited about the trip. = I'm sort of excited about the trip. - I A little / to a certain degree excited about the trip.
Consider an example from the movie No Country for Old Men:
Another similar abbreviation: the British again “ate” the preposition of. It is very easy to use it:
I wanna cuppa tea. = I want a cup of tea. - I want cup tea.
We found an example in the famous film "The King's Speech". As you remember, speech therapist Lionel was originally from Australia, and Australians love such abbreviations as much as Americans. Lionel said this:
You probably noticed the analogy between the last words: in all of them, the preposition of is attached to the previous word, only it changes to -ta. We can use this abbreviation as follows:
We have just come outta library. = We have just come out of library. - We've just arrived. from libraries.
A wonderful example was given to us by the equally wonderful film "Leon". By the way, there is also the already familiar gonna.
13. Ya = y’ = you - you, you, you
It would seem, why abbreviate a word that already consists of three letters? Apparently, the pace of life of English-speaking people is so high that they "shorten" the pronoun you (you, you, you) to two letters - ya or even to one - y '. You can use this shorthand like this:
Thanks ya y' for the flowers and cake! = Thank you you for the flowers and cake! - Thank you you for flowers and cake!
I must say, in films, in the speech of heroes, you will hear ya more often than you. Here are some examples we found in the Django Unchained feed:
And this word often raises questions among people who have not yet studied informal English abbreviations: dunno combines three words at once - do not know. Here is how it is used.
What is John's favorite colour?
-I dunno. = I do not know.
What is John's favorite color?
- I Don't know.
We found a great example in the movie "Shutter Island":
15. C'mon \u003d come on - come on, come on; let's go
The British decided to reduce the phrasal verb come on to one word. It can be used both as a verb "let's go", and as an exclamation "come on", "come on".
C'mon, don't be so captious! She is a loyal friend. = Come on, don't be so captious! - Come on don't be so picky! She is a true friend.
We found a good example in the movie "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button":
The English “mocked” the word “because” most of all: in informal speech it is pronounced as you like, but not in the same way as in the dictionary. Here's an example:
I don't like these candies 'cos/'coz/‘cause/cuz they are too sweet. = I don't like these candies because they are too sweet. - I don't like these sweets, because they are too sweet.
But you can hear such an example in the comedy "The Hangover":
This abbreviation has many "brothers" in different tenses and forms: didn'tcha = didn't you, wontcha = won't you, whatcha = what are you, whatcha = what have you, gotcha = got you, betcha = bet you, etc. Let's take a simple example of this abbreviation:
Whatcha doing here? = What are you doing here? - What you doing here?
A great example is in the movie "Fields of Darkness":
18. Shoulda = should have
This English abbreviation also has many "brothers": coulda = could have, woulda = would have, mighta = might have, musta = must have, couldna = couldn't have, shouldna = shouldn't have, wouldna = wouldn't have , she'da = she would have, he'da = he would have, I'da = I would have, they'da = they would have, you'da = you would have. As you already understood, the word have is replaced by a single letter a, and the negative particle not is replaced by the letter n, and then these letters are attached to the word in front. Here's an example:
You shoulda told me about the rules. = You should have told me about the rules. - You should tell me about the rules.
And here is an example we found in Avengers: Age of Ultron:
19. Didja = did you
This word continues the "tradition" of the previous two: similar abbreviations are used with different words and in all of them you change to ja. For example: couldja = could you, wouldja = would you, howdja = how did you, whadaya = whataya = what do you, wheredja = where did you, whadja = what did you. Here is a simple example:
Didja buy salt yesterday? = Did you buy salt yesterday? - Did you buy salt yesterday?
And the best example of the use of such abbreviations would be Adam Lambert's Whataya Want from Me.
20. Tell 'em = tell them - tell them
A great solution for those who have not yet learned how to perfectly pronounce the sound formed by the phrase th :-) Just “swallow” the difficult sound and say tell’em:
Tell'em I am going to leave at 9 p.m. = tell them I am going to leave at 9 p.m. - Tell them I'm going to leave at 9pm.
And a great example of the use of this abbreviation is Michael Jackson's Human Nature.
In addition to these abbreviations, there are others in English, but they are used a little less often than those listed above. You can still find them in movies or songs, so we'll list them in the table below.
| Reduction | Full phrase | Usage example |
|---|---|---|
| needa | need to | I needa leave now. = I need to leave now. - me now need to leave. |
| hafta/hasta | have to / has to | I hafta go, my boss is waiting for me. = I have to go, my boss is waiting for me. - I must go, my boss is waiting for me. |
| init | isn't it | It's awesome init? = It's awesome, isn't it? - It is excellent, is not it? |
| useta | used to | I useta get up early when I was a child. = I used to get up early when I was a child. - I have was a habit get up early when I was a child. |
| supposeta | supposed to | You were supposeta buy sugar yesterday. = you were supposed to buy sugar yesterday. - You had buy sugar yesterday. |
How to correctly pronounce the English informal abbreviations above? To find out, go to pronuncian.com and listen to the announcer say them.
And now don't forget to download our table with the most popular informal abbreviations in English.
(*.pdf, 235 Kb)
Now your vocabulary has been enriched with informal vocabulary that you can put into practice to sound natural and not old-fashioned. Be sure to study it, and then it will be easier for you to understand the phrases of movie characters or the lyrics of your favorite songs. We wish you success in improving your English!
In English, there are generally accepted abbreviations that are used everywhere. This is not only the well-known P.S. (postscript) or etc. (and so on), but also designations for measures of length and time, days of the week and months, and many others. They can be found both in books and manuals, and in correspondence.
Language development does not stand still. Today, thanks to popular culture and the Internet, slang is evolving especially fast. So, over the past 10 years, many new abbreviations and abbreviations have appeared that are useful for all learners of English to know.
Today we will talk about common abbreviations found both in texts and in conversation. And also, we will find out what abbreviations are in English and how they are deciphered.
The most common abbreviations in English
In this section you will find common abbreviations used in England, USA and other countries. Many of them originate from the Latin language.
etc. (et cetera) - and so on
e.g. (exempli gratia) - for example
i.e. (id est) - that is
vs. (versus) - against
AD (Anno Domini) - AD, from the Nativity of Christ
BC (Before Christ) - BC, before the birth of Christ
AM (ante meridiem) - before noon
PM (post meridiem) - after noon
Abbreviations for people:
Jr. (junior) - junior
Sr. (senior) - senior
Smth. (something) - something
Smb. (somebody) - someone
V.I.P. (a very important person) - a very important person
Aka (also known as)
PM (Prime Minister) - prime minister
PA (Personal Assistant) - personal secretary
Books and writing:
ABC - alphabet
n. (noun) - noun
v. (verb) - verb
adj. (adjective) - adjective
adv. (adverb) - adverb
prep. (preposition) - preposition
p. (page) - page
pp. (pages) - pages
par. (paragraph) - paragraph
ex. (exercise) - exercise
pl. (plural) - plural
sing. (singular) - singular
P.S. (Post Scriptum) - Afterword
P.P.S. (Post Post Scriptum) - after the afterword
Re. (reply) - answer
RF. (reference) - footnote, link
Edu. (education) - education
Appx. (appendix) - application
w/o (without) - without
w/ (with) - c
& (and) - and
Measures:
in. (inch) - inch
sec. (second) - second
gm. (gram) - gram
cm. (centimeter) - centimeter
qt. (quart) - quart
mph (miles per hour)
kph (kilometers per hour)
ft. (foot) - foot (30 cm 48 mm)
lb (libra) - pound (450 gr)
oz. (ounce) - ounce (28 gr)
pt. (pint) - pint (0.56 liters)
Days of the week and months of the year:
yr. (year) - year
Jan. (January) - January
Feb. (February) - February
Mar. (March) - March
Apr. (April) - April
Jun. (June) - June
Jul. (July) - July
Aug. (August) - August
Sep. (September) - September
Oct. (October) - October
Nov. (November) - November
Dec. (December) - December
X-mas (Christmas) - Christmas
May (May) is not abbreviated.
Mon. (Monday) - Monday
Tue. (Tuesday) - Tuesday
Wed. (Wednesday) - Wednesday
Thu. (Thursday) - Thursday
Fri. (Friday) - Friday
sat. (Saturday) - Saturday
Sun. (Sunday) - Sunday
TGIF (Thanks God It's Friday) - "Thank God it's Friday!"
Organization abbreviations:
UN (the United Nations)
NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - NATO
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - UNESCO
You can often find truncations of full words to shorter ones. For example:
sis (sister) - sister
doc (doctor) - doctor
telly (television) - television, television
phone (telephone) - phone
specs (spectacles) - points
fridge (refrigerator) - refrigerator
flu (influenza) - influenza
comfy (comfortable) - convenient
sngl (single) - one, lonely
sngl room - single room
dbl room - double room
gent (gentleman) - man
div. (divorced) - divorced
and others.
Abbreviations and useful phrases for online correspondence
The English, like us, use various abbreviations of long words or phrases in everyday speech or correspondence. What is it for? In order to type a message faster and convey your idea more quickly, keep within the allotted number of characters (for example, on Twitter).
Do you want to chat with foreigners? So, you need to know the popular abbreviations that are often found on the Internet. By the way, the "digital language" has already received its name and stands out in a separate category - Digispeak(digital - "digital")
Many abbreviations have become acronyms (a type of abbreviation that is formed due to the initial sounds of a word) and are used most often in correspondence:
B - be (verb to be, "to be")
C - see (verb to see, "see")
R - are (verb to be in 2 l singular)
K - ok ("good")
N - and ("and")
U - you ("you")
UR - your ("your", "your")
Y - why ("why")
1 - one ("one")
2 - two (“two”) / to (preposition “in”, “on”) / too (“too”)
4 - four, for (4U - "for you")
8 - ate (verb to eat, “eat” in Past Simple)
Tip: To better understand abbreviations, say them out loud.
Often, acronyms appear precisely because of the consonance of words. A similar rule can be applied to an abbreviation or other abbreviation in correspondence - just say them out loud and try to understand what words or expressions they remind you of.
For example:
Some1 (someone) - someone
Any1 (anyone) - any
Be4 (before) - before
2day (today) - today
4u (for you) - for you
gr8 (great) - excellent / excellent
w8 (wait) - wait / wait
2u (to you) - to you
u2 (you too)
And many others. The main thing is to turn on your imagination!
And now let's look at what the popular abbreviations and abbreviations of the most common colloquial phrases in English mean:
ASAP - As soon as possible ("As soon as possible" or "The sooner the better")
This abbreviation is common in the work environment and understood by everyone. The abbreviation ASAP has gone far beyond the borders of English-speaking countries and is used all over the world.
PLS, PLZ - Please
Abbreviation, understandable without unnecessary comments. In Russian, we usually write "plz" or "pliz".
THX - Thanks
Also, you can find a shorter version: TU / TY (Thank you)
Perhaps one of the most frequently used abbreviations on the Internet. In Russian, it is known simply as "lol".
ROFL - Rolling on the floor ("I'm rolling on the floor with laughter")
Same as LOL, only funnier. So that you can "tear your stomach from laughter."
OMG - Oh my god! Oh my goodness! Oh my gosh! ("Oh my God!")
This abbreviation has also gone far beyond the English-speaking countries, and now "OMG" can be heard in every corner of the world. Including his uncensored version of OMFG (Oh my F**king God) as well.
IDK - I don't know ("I don't know")
A simple abbreviation that occurs quite often.
DIKY - Do I know you? ("Do I know you?")
So you can write to a stranger who contacted you in a chat or wrote for the first time.
BRB - Be right back ("I'll be right back")
Another popular abbreviation in work environments, especially informal ones. If you need to leave your computer or workplace for a while - write to the chat BRB and colleagues will understand that you will leave for a short time. By the way, online players also often use the abbreviation BRB. They also have an abbreviation AFK, which stands for Away from keyboard ("Not at the keyboard").
B2W - Back to work
This is when you were BRB, but returned to your computer and write to colleagues in the chat that again B2W, that is, ready to work further.
?4U - Question for you ("I have a question for you")
If you don't want to write the full sentence I have a question for you, then you can throw in the chat to the interlocutor ?4U and start asking the question itself.
IMHO - In my humble opinion ("In my humble opinion")
This interesting abbreviation was quickly picked up in Russia and turned into "IMHO". It is used in cases when you want to express your opinion on some issue, but emphasize that this is only your subjective point of view.
TTYL - Talk to you later
Abbreviation of the full phrase I will talk to you later, meaning "I'll talk to you later."
CUL8R - See you later
This is one of those options when you need to say the abbreviation out loud to understand where it came from. See the list of acronyms at the very beginning of the article.
C = see; U = you; L8R = later
C + U + L + eight + R = see + you + later
Also, you can find another version of this abbreviation: BCNUL8R - Be seeing you later, where B = be and CN = seeing.
RUF2T - Are you free to talk? ("Can you talk?")
Another abbreviation formed from acronyms. Better to say it out loud to understand.
R = Are; U = you; F = free; 2 = to; T = talk
R + U + F + two + T = are + you + free + to + talk
LU / LY - Love you ("I love you") or ILU / ILY - I love you ("I love you")
There are many abbreviations for the phrase " I love you in English, but these are the most common. You can also write to your loved one . What does this mean - see below.
Less than three
It is more of a designation than an abbreviation, but is also found in correspondence. Symbols BF and GF - Boyfriend and Girlfriend
Pretty simple abbreviations, understandable to everyone.
BFF - Best friends forever ("Best friends forever")
This is what best friends or girlfriends call themselves to emphasize spiritual intimacy. The abbreviation has gone far beyond the Internet and correspondence: you can especially often find it in the fashion industry. For example, one of the gift options for best friends is two identical pendants with halves of a heart, which together form an inscription bff.
ATM - At the moment ("At the moment")
If you want to say that you are single at the moment (and are looking for a partner) - you can write that you are "sgle ATM". Do not confuse with an ATM - it is also called ATM. Everything depends on the context.
DETI - Don "t even think it ("Don't even think about it")
An easy-to-remember abbreviation that sounds like “children” in Russian.
JK - Just kidding
Usually sent as a separate message after the previous one, to clarify that it was a joke.
SUP - What's up? ("What's up?")
A common greeting to a friend, used without a question mark.
WTF - What the fuck? ("What the hell?")
This abbreviation does not need to be explained for a long time - it is clear without further ado.
>Digispeak, after all, is more common on the Internet and among young people and sometimes confuses the older generation. Teenagers, on the other hand, use digispeak in everyday life very often. Here, for example, are a couple of comic dialogues from the correspondence of a young guy with his mother:
- Mark, what does IDK, LY & TTYL mean?
- I don't know, love you, talk to you later
- Ok, I'll ask your sister. Love you too.
Mark, what does IDK, LY and TTYL mean?
- I don't know, I love you, we'll talk later
- Okay, I'll ask your sister. Love you too
Or another dialogue when mom doesn't know what WTF is:
- Got an A in Chemistry!
WTF, well done, Mark!
- Mom, what do you think WTF means?
- Well That's Fantastic
Got an A in Chemistry!
- WTF, great job, Mark!
- Mom, what do you think WTF means?
- Well, it's fantastic.
In order not to get into such an awkward situation as Mark with his mother, study the words and phrases given in this article. Chat in English so you can practice the language more often!
And now is the time to say B4N (Bye for now) or bye"!
Target: analysis of abbreviated words and phrases in English.
Tasks:
- consider the types of abbreviations of words and phrases;
- study possible abbreviations of frequently used words in English;
- conduct a student survey.
Shorties are ubiquitous now, even though they are spoken most often in TV settings. Sharp commands are sometimes heard there: “Quickly, quickly: time is money!” "The faster the better"! In order to give conversations on the screen a conversational tone, shortening of words that are too long is sometimes done by half.
The same is now observed in almost all areas of spoken English. In addition, the use of shortened words has become a matter of prestige: it shows that you are in a hurry, do not waste time and, therefore, are an important person. Some English speakers even deliberately overuse colloquial expressions such as Fuhgeddaboutit (Forgetaboutit- forget it) or C"mre-Comehere(come here), touche- Got to the point! Exactly! and many other abbreviations sometimes called abbreves. This word comes from abbreviations, that is, "abbreviations", and they are very popular primarily among young people. This topic is now very relevant, because such "shorts" can be found in all areas of activity, in all types of speech.
1. Types of abbreviations of words and phrases
Abbreviations have long been used in writing by all peoples with a written language. The use of abbreviated words and phrases is a widespread phenomenon in the Anglo-American scientific, newspaper, and colloquial styles.
There are three types of abbreviations: letter abbreviations, syllabic abbreviations, truncated words. Let's look at each of these categories.
Letter abbreviations
Letter abbreviations are formed from the initial letters of abbreviated words and phrases.
Such initial abbreviations of words are pronounced in full as the original words:
In some cases, the initial letters of the abbreviation merge and form, as it were, a new word, which is pronounced in accordance with the English pronunciation norm:
Syllabic abbreviations
Syllabic abbreviations arise from the initial syllables of the components of phrases. Syllables form a continuous spelling, read as an independent word:
Truncated words
With this method of reduction, it may disappear:
a) the initial part of the word, and the remaining part is read as a new word:
c) the middle part of the word:
Writing abbreviations is not stable. The same abbreviations are written in both uppercase and lowercase letters, sometimes they are separated inside by dots or vertical lines, sometimes they are written together.
As we have seen, some of the abbreviations (graphic abbreviations) are used only in writing, and in oral speech they correspond to full-letter words. Other abbreviations are used both in writing and in oral speech /
As a result, I would like to note that when translating abbreviations, one should take into account that in Russian scientific, technical and newspaper styles, abbreviated words are used much less often and therefore many English abbreviations must be expanded into full-letter words.
2. The most commonly used "shorties"
Words starting with sn , have to some extent a negative, sarcastic, condescending or even mocking meaning. These include snap, snap, snatch, snicker, sneer, snide, snap, snappy, snob, snotty, snoop, snub and a recent adjective snarky and noun snark. For all these words, as a rule, not long Latin, but short Anglo-Saxon roots are characteristic.
Extremely trendy word snarky today means something caustic, extremely sarcastic and malevolent.
To grab - meaning "grab", is now increasingly used in contexts in which they used to say get or take. The use of this word emphasizes the speed of action under the pressure of time:
OnthewaytoworkIwenttothestoretograb asandwich.
Tonab - used to mean "grab", "catch", and if it was a criminal, then "detain". Today, this word is used in the meaning of “catch”, that is, it is the need for urgency and speed of action that is emphasized:
I need to nab Jim before he leaves the cocktail party because I "ve got somequestions for him on our project.(Most likely, the speaker only wants to say a few words to Jim.)
To scarf All more common in colloquial language not with the meaning of the noun "shawl" or "scarf", but as a verb meaning "devour":
I "mreally hungry and don't have much time, so I guess I'll just scarf downa slice of pizza for now.
spike (peak, tip) is a polysemantic word. Now, almost every day, it appears in the press in the form of both a verb and a noun with the meaning of a sharp rise, a surge:
The prices spiked so high last week that people are having trouble buyingelementary foodstuffs.
A verb to squeeze (compress) as a noun acquired a completely different meaning and became a "girlfriend":
Notjust broke up with his girlfriend of six years two weeks ago, and now he'sgot a new squeeze and he's madly in love with her.
Tittu Literally "tummy" is a diminutive of stomach. This word is often used by pediatricians (Pleaseturn over onto your tummy, dear; does your tummy hurt?) or coaches (put your hands on your tummy and breathe deeply). Just as affectionate, even with a touch of cloying, sounds an advertisement for plastic surgery, urging women to reduce their stomachs by removing excess fat - the so-called tummy tuck. Exercises to reduce the abdomen are called tummy reducingexercise, and medicines for high acidity - tummy antacids.
Girly before it was most often girlie (maiden, girlish) and was used mainly as a noun, and is now used mainly as an adjective. In relation to a woman, this word is considered very humiliating. In the expression girlie girl it means "stupid, frivolous girl."
Preppy a young man who studies at a fashionable private school (prepschool- short for preparationschool). The word indicates that a person or object is clean, neat, conservative in style: A preppy shirt- conservative shirt, blouse; hehaspreppy manners- he is restrained, educated.
Word veggies, derived from the word vegetables- vegetables, shows how to use the ending - ie"softens" and even "neutralizes" its original meaning. If you say Negearesomenicebrightgreenveggies, then it is more likely that the child will eat spinach or Brussels sprouts that he hates.
So, we can conclude that "shorts" are in all types of speech: colloquial, scientific, youth, technical. And already many English short words can be found in Russian speech.
Was held survey among pupils of the fifth grade at school, what kind of "short guys" do they know. Among adolescents, the word is known fave (from the word favorite ) means "frequently used" or "favorite".
long word Refrigerator guys remember how fridge .
Comfort- short for comfortable (comfortable).
Yummy- has now not only the meaning of "delicious", but also "appetizing", "attractive". The guys say that this word can often be found on social sites where they communicate with each other.
Also, several people said that they know short words from computer topics. This PC instead of personal computer , CD instead of compact di sk. And one student suggested the word spam. And indeed, this word was the name of a cheap and tasteless: American stew, and now means a "garbage" Internet message.
The survey showed that many children know short English words, often use them in their speech and in English lessons, and in free communication with peers outside of school.
The general picture of the development of modern English shows that the number of abbreviated words in it is constantly increasing. This often puts the British and Americans in a difficult position when communicating with each other and especially with foreigners. There are even deadlocks. When an English speaker uses the word glam, his Russian interlocutors can guess from the sound association what he means. As a last resort, they can ask him what he means by this or that “shorty”. But if a foreign reader encounters in a newspaper, book, or hears from a TV screen an expression Skeds(instead of schedules), not to mention creds (instead of credentials), then he is not always able to solve such puzzles.
Permanent reduction is a dangerous process, fraught with unforeseen consequences. Because of this, oral communication with others can turn into only short dialogues, and in fact a person differs from an animal in that he can speak beautifully and competently and he has enough words in reserve for this.
The English language is developing, and slang is especially rapidly evolving - bright, well-aimed, sensitive to the changes in our lives. In order to speed up the exchange of text messages, cunning gadget owners and Internet chat regulars have come up with their own slang, the most popular words from which we will learn today. And this is necessary: a person studying English must know these short and witty abbreviations, because they have already become part of the culture of English-speaking countries.
If you have no one to exchange English-language SMS with, these interesting acronyms will come in handy when communicating on Skype, in other online chats, or even in ordinary email correspondence. Finally, you will understand what your English-speaking colleague meant when he wrote to you: BRB, B2W, CUL8R...
Most of these acronyms were created due to the consonance of some words with numbers and letters of the alphabet:
C - see(verb to see,"see")
R - are(verb to be,"to be" in 2 l. units h.)
U - you("You")
2 - two("two"), to(preposition "in", "on"), too("too much")
4 - four, for(4U - "for you")
8-ate(verb eat,"is" in Past Simple)
ASAP - as soon as possible
You are probably already familiar with this abbreviation: it is often used in the work environment when writing reminders ( memos). It means as soon as possible(“as soon as possible” or “the sooner the better”). This is a very popular acronym that everyone understands.
PLS, PLZ - Please
The main "magic" word: "please."
IOU - I owe you
Another common and very useful abbreviation. We spell: I [ʌɪ] + O [əʊ] + U. What does this remind us of? The same phrase sounds I owe you(“I owe you (a)”) - your interlocutor thanks you for your courtesy and promises to answer the same.
THX Thanks
And now - "thank you." And also abbreviated.
LOL - Laugh out loud!
“Laughing out loud!” - your counterpart is ridiculous to the point of impossibility. Laugh out loud = I laugh out loud.
OMG - Oh my god! Oh my goodness! Oh my gosh!
So often young impressionable girls exclaim: Omg! It's Justin Bieber!("God! It's Justin Bieber!")
BRB-Be right back
If you need to take a short break while working at the computer, quickly type BRB and you can run away. But not for long: after all, you warned that you would be right back! Be right back = I'll be right back.
B2W - Back to work
And here you are again at the workplace and inform the interlocutor about this. Back to work = I'm back to work.
And the interlocutor wants to ask you a question:
?4U
Question for you = I have a question for you.
And you can answer by starting your answer with the catchphrase "In my humble opinion":
IMHO - In my humble opinion
(humble means "humble"
Or, if you don't know the answer, write:
IDK - I don't know
If the interlocutor is your old friend, and you want to misbehave a little, a not entirely censorship, but rather popular answer will do:
wtf? — What the f**k?
You can use one of the following "formulas":
CUL8R - See you later
The formula C + U + L + eight + R = see + you + later (by the way, how are you with math?), in Russian: "See you later." See you later = I'll see you later.
TTYL - talk to you later
"Let's talk later". Talk to you later = I'll talk to you later.
