The most famous Georgian words. Georgian language and tourist vocabulary
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In Georgia, there are hospitable and friendly people who will always help. Arriving in this sunny country, you don’t have to worry that you will have communication problems - most of the locals speak Russian, and young people speak English.
National language
All information boards, signs and the like are written in Georgian because it is a public one. But do not worry - almost everywhere it is duplicated by English and Russian. This is especially pronounced in large tourist cities.
Local residents after 30 mostly speak and understand Russian. It is a little more difficult with the young population - they communicate either in Georgian or in English. Whatever the case, it will be easy for you to find a person who can answer questions in a language you understand.
Some facts
A lot of time and effort will go into learning this incredibly complex language. It is impossible for a tourist to understand him - it will generally seem to you that the locals swear - so he sounds specific. And all because of the five vowels that are pronounced dry. All other letters of the Georgian alphabet are consonants, there are 28 of them. All letters are the same in height. That is, capital letters or the first letter of the name are not highlighted.
Communication with locals
An interesting phenomenon often occurs in Georgia: Russians living here, officially working, understand Georgian, but do not speak it. And, in principle, they have no language barrier or communication problems.
Earlier Russian was studied in Georgian schools, so the majority of the local population understands it. Now the percentage of schools with the study of Russian has decreased significantly. But if you are planning to move to Georgia, there are no problems with finding educational institution with the language familiar to the baby will not.
In tourist cities knowledge of Russian and English- part of the work, since here tourists are the main income. Of course, there is a chance to meet misunderstanding, for example, on the part of some taxi drivers. Do not get upset and do not panic, look around - a random passer-by will not only help you, but also take you where you need to go.
Get ready for some public transport drivers will not understand you or fail to respond. Basically, this refers to visitors from small villages and villages. Russian, and even more so, English, they, of course, do not study there, and they do not have time for this.
Friendly Georgians
Georgians are known for their light and cheerful disposition, this very friendly people. Communicate with them is a pleasure. They will not only suggest helpful advice, but they will try to treat you with something.
In the area of the sea station, you will definitely stumble upon taxi drivers who are ready to take you inexpensively to beautiful places not far from the city. All of them are polite and pleasant people, in whom there is not a drop of negativity.
Behave modestly and well-mannered, do not hesitate to communicate with the local population. Do it with a smile. You will be surprised by the warmth with which Georgians treat travelers.
Useful phrases in Georgian
To each local resident impresses if the tourist addresses him in the local language. At first they are surprised, then a smile lights up their faces and they willingly make contact. We want to introduce you to some phrases that are likely to be useful and useful in sunny Georgia:
Common phrases
Remember the phrases that you will need in everyday life:
- Yes - ho
- No - macaw
- Thanks - gmadlobt
- Please - arapris
- Sorry - bodyshi
- I don't understand - me
- Good - kargad
- Entrance - gekichwa
- Exit - gachoweb
- What time is it now? - Romeli Saatia?
- Do you speak English? (French, German, Spanish)
laparakobt inglisurad (prangulad, germanulad)?
Greeting and farewell
Don't forget the words of courtesy:
- Hello - hamarjobat
- Goodbye - nahvamdis
- Bye - jerjarobit
- Good morning- dila mshvidobisa
- Good evening - sagamo mshvidobisa
- Good night - game mshvidobis
shopping
If you decide to go shopping, remember these phrases:
- Okay, I'm buying it - vkidulob
- What it is? - Es ra aris?
- What is the price? - ra g "chris?
- Room - otachi
- Surrender - khurda
Attractions
To see the main beauties of the country, you may need the following words and phrases:
- I would like to see - me minda vnakho
- Temple - tajari
- Museum - museumi
- Old town - dzveli kalaki
At the restaurant
And to have a tasty meal in Georgia, remember these phrases:
- This dish is es kerdzi
- A cup of tea/coffee - pinjani khava/tea
- Red/white wine - tsiteli/tetri guino
- Mineral water - mineralupi tskali
Location of objects
To get your bearings on the ground, feel free to ask the locals:
- Location - mdemareobs garden
- Night club - gamis clubs
- Casino - casino
- Bank - banks
- Bazaar - Bazaars
- Supermarket - supermarket
- Souvenir - suvenirebis
Having been in Georgia, you will want to come back here again and again. You will not find such kind, sympathetic, smiling and friendly people anywhere. You don't want to leave here at all. Despite the hot temperament, Georgian men are well-mannered and reserved. If the girls do not give a reason, they will not impose themselves. Have a good rest, warm and vivid impressions.
Georgian language (ქართული ენა kartuli ena) - official official language Georgia. Belongs to the Kartvelian group. One of the most ancient living languages on earth appeared in the 3rd century AD.
What you need to know when going to Georgia? Most Georgians over 30 know Russian. Young people usually know English. In Adjara (Batumi), the majority understands Turkish. But in small towns and villages, people communicate only in Georgian. This is where the Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which is given at the end of the article, will come in handy.
Features of the Georgian language
In modern Georgian alphabet 33 letters- 5 vowels and 28 consonants. This is the only alphabet in the world in which one letter corresponds to one sound and vice versa.
Pronounced accents not in Georgian. However, there is a conditional rule. In two-syllable words, the stress usually falls on the first syllable, in polysyllabic words, the third syllable from the end.
In Georgian no childbirth. In Georgian writing no capital letters.
The Georgian language is very beautiful. And the Georgian polyphony is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of cultural heritage. In 1977 two spaceship Voyager set off to explore space. On board is a message from humanity to extraterrestrial civilizations. Among the great works Chakrulo's song:
Georgian dialects
There are several Kartvelian languages: proper general Georgian - literary (kartuli ena), Svan (Lushnu nin), Mingrelian (Margalur nina), Laz (Lazuri nena).
The Georgian language includes several dialects, the differences between which are insignificant: Kartli, Kakhetian, Imeretian, Gurian, Pshavian, Rachinsky, Adjarian, Khevsurian, Tush, etc.
Interesting facts about the Georgian language
- The modern Georgian alphabet "mkhedruli" was created in the 10th century, and in the 60s years XIX century Ilya Chavchavadze carried out a reform and reduced the number of letters in the alphabet to 33, removing five archaic and practically unused letters from it.
- The first surviving monument of Georgian literature, "The Martyrdom of Shushanik" by Jacob Tsurtaveli. Written between 475-484.
- 1709 - Beginning of book printing in Georgia.
- Some familiar words were significantly influenced by the warlike past of the people. For example, hamarjoba= hello came from the wish for victory. Reciprocal hagimaggios= victory to you. Good morning literally means "peaceful morning" ( dilamshvidobisa).
- Georgian numerals up to 20 are based on the decimal number system, and from 20 to 100 are based on the twenty-decimal system. For example, the number 35 translates as "twenty and fifteen."
| Number | Translation | Formation principle |
| 10 | ati | — |
| 20 | occi | — |
| 30 | otsdaati | 20 and 10 |
| 40 | ormotsi | 2 times 20 |
| 50 | ormotsdaati | 2 times 20 and 10 |
| 60 | self-tsi | 3 times 20 |
| 70 | suicide | 3 times 20 and 10 |
| 80 | otkhmotsi | 4 times 20 |
| 90 | otkhmotsdaati | 4 times 20 and 10 |
| 100 | asi | — |
- Under the USSR in Georgia, the Georgian language had the status of a state language.
- In the ancient Georgian language "dzhuga" means "steel". Therefore, Joseph Dzhugashvili got the pseudonym Stalin. In fact, this is a direct translation of the surname into Russian.
- The Guinness Book of Records includes the word " gvprckvnis(he cleans us, he peels us off). This word has 8 consonants in a row.
- There is a version that the word wine (vine, wine,) comes from Georgian Guino(ღვინო). Which, in turn, goes back to the verb " gwivili"(ღვივილი) - bloom, bring to a boil, ferment). Georgian word " dagwind” means the end of the wine fermentation process. The same can be said about a person: “dagvinda bichi” means a mature young man. This is not surprising, because the tradition of winemaking originated in Georgia in the distant VI millennium BC.
- In Danelia's film "Kin-dza-dza!" the characters speak the Chatlan-Patsak language. And it was created on the basis of Georgian. famous " ku" in Georgian means "tortoise". Gravitsap comes from the Georgian expression " ra vici aba« - "Who knows!" Pepelats generally acquires a very romantic flair, because ashes in Georgian means "butterfly". And etsikh comes from Georgian tsikhe- jail.
Russian-Georgian phrasebook with pronunciation
If you want to know how to say thank you in Georgian, see our dictionary.
| Yes | ho (colloquial), ki (neutral), diah (respectful) |
| No | macaw |
| Thank you | madloba |
| Thanks a lot | didi madloba |
| My pleasure | arapris |
| I'm sorry | tell me (if you ask for directions) |
| Sorry | bodyshi (if someone is accidentally pushed) |
| Hello | hamarjoba |
| return greeting | gagimarjos |
| Goodbye | nahvamdis |
| bye (friendly goodbye) | kargad |
| Do you speak Russian? | tkven laparakobt rusulad? |
| I | me |
| You | sheng |
| We | chwen |
| You | tkwen |
| They | blue |
| How are you? | Rogor Hart? |
| Fine. How are you? | kargad. Tkwen? |
| what is your name? | ra gquiat? |
| mister (polite) | batono |
| madam (polite) | kalbatono |
| Fine | kargad |
| Badly | tsudad |
| mother | deda |
| father | Mother |
| son | vashishvili |
| daughter | Kalishvili |
| wife | tsoli, maugle (husband) |
| husband | kmari, maugle (husband) |
| Friend | megobari (friend), genatsvale (literally - I am for you, used as an address), dzmakatsi (close friend, brother), ahlobeli (friend) |
| Cool! | magrad! |
| Very good! | dzalian kargad! |
| so-so! | ara mishavs! |
| good, good | hags |
| My name is … | me var... |
| meet my friend | gaitsanite chemi megobari |
| with pleasure | Siamesebit |
| sign in! | shemobrdzandite! |
| sit down! | dabrdzandite! |
| I agree | tanahma var |
| Certainly | ra tkma unda |
| Right | scori |
| Very good | zalian kargad |
| Everything is fine | quelaperi rigzea |
| can i ask you? | neckzleba gthowot? |
| I beg you very much! | zalian gthowt! |
| can i come in? | neckzleba shamovide? |
| can you smoke? | neckzleba movtsio? |
| this is too much! | es ukve nametania! |
| horror! | sashinelebaa! |
| Weird! | utsnauria! |
| sorry, I'm in a hurry! | ukatsravad, swordsman! |
| What would you like? | ra wrath? |
| Nothing! | araperi! |
| I want to see the city | minda calakis datvaliereba |
| You are very kind | tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit |
| in no case! | aravitar shemthvevashi! |
| it is forbidden! | ar neckzleba! |
| I don't think | aramgonia |
| Don't want! | ar minda! |
| you are wrong! | tkven tsdebit! |
| I am very happy! | Zalian Miharia! |
| How much does it cost? | ra hirs? |
| what it is? | es ra aris? |
| I will buy it | me amas wikidi |
| you have… | twen haakwt…? |
| open | chiaa |
| closed | dacethylia |
| a little, a little | tsota |
| a little | tsotati |
| a lot of | bevry |
| All | khwela |
| bread | puri |
| drink | sasmeli, dasalebi (alcohol) |
| coffee | kava |
| tea | teas |
| juice | tsweni |
| water | tskkhali |
| wine | Guino |
| meat | hortsy |
| salt | marili |
| pepper | pilpili |
| Where…? | aris garden...? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | ra ghirs tickets? |
| train | matarebeli (from tareba - to lead) |
| metro | metro |
| airport | airporti |
| railway station | rkinigzis sadguri |
| bus station | autosadguri |
| departure | gasvla |
| arrival | chamosvla |
| hotel | sastamro |
| room | otahi |
| passport | passports |
| left | martskhniv |
| right | marginal |
| directly | pirdapir |
| up | zemot |
| down | kvemot |
| far | shores |
| close | ahlos |
| map | hand |
| post | |
| museum | museumi |
| bank | banks |
| militia | police |
| hospital | saavadmkhopo, first-aid posts |
| pharmacy | aptiacs |
| shop | shop |
| restaurant | restaurants |
| church | eklesia |
| Street | heap |
| young woman | gogon |
| young man | akhalgazrdav |
date and time
| what time is it now? | romeli saatia? |
| day | dghe |
| a week | queer |
| month | TVE |
| year | goals |
| Monday | orshabati |
| Tuesday | samshabati |
| Wednesday | otkhshabati |
| Thursday | Khutshabati |
| Friday | paraskavi |
| Saturday | Shabbat |
| Sunday | queer |
| winter | deputies |
| spring | gazapkhuli |
| summer | puffed up |
| autumn | shemodgoma |
Numerals
| 1 | erty |
| 2 | ori |
| 3 | themselves |
| 4 | othi |
| 5 | huti |
| 6 | ekvsi |
| 7 | shvidi |
| 8 | moat |
| 9 | tskhra |
| 10 | ati |
| 11 | tertmeti |
| 12 | slow down |
| 13 | tsameti |
| 14 | totkhmeti |
| 15 | thutmeti |
| 16 | tekvsmeti |
| 17 | tsvidmeti |
| 18 | tvrameti |
| 19 | tskhrameti |
| 20 | otsi |
| 30 | give back |
| 40 | ormotsi |
| 50 | ormotsdaati |
| 100 | ace |
The ancestors of Georgians are mentioned in the Bible, the legendary Colchis, where the Argonauts sailed, was located on the territory of Georgia. It seems to us that we know a lot about Georgians, but their history and culture keeps many mysteries.
1. Georgians call their country Sakartvelo. This toponym is translated as "the whole of Kartli" and goes back to the name of the region of the same name. The toponym "Georgia" goes back to the name "Gurjistan" (country of wolves), found in Arab-Persian sources.
The European name of Georgia "Georgia" is also compared with the Arab-Persian name associated with the Georgian cult of St. George. The golden sculpture of the saint rises on the central square of Tbilisi.
2. The number of Georgians in the world is more than 4 million.
3. Georgians were one of the first nations to adopt Christianity. According to one of the most common versions, this happened in 319. It is significant that, despite the global trend, the number of believers in Georgia is growing. Today, 80% of Georgians consider themselves Orthodox.
4. Georgian is an ancient written language. The oldest written monuments in the ancient Georgian language date back to the 5th century. These include a mosaic inscription from the first half of the 5th century near Jerusalem, as well as an inscription on Bolnisi Zion (60 km south of Tbilisi) from the end of the 5th century.
5. Georgians have a unique alphabet. There are different hypotheses about the prototype of Georgian writing. According to various theories, it is based on Aramaic, Greek or Coptic writing.
6. The self-name of Georgians is kartvelebi.
7. The first state mentioned by historians on the territory of Georgia is the Kingdom of Colchis. It was first mentioned in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. Greek authors Pindar and Aeschylus. It was to Colchis that the Argonauts sailed for the Golden Fleece.
8. There is no stress in the Georgian language, only the tone rises on a certain syllable. Also, there are no capital letters in Georgian, and the gender is determined by the context.
9. Joseph Stalin is deservedly considered the most famous Georgian in the world.
10. The Georgian language uses the vigesimal system for naming numbers. To pronounce a number between 20 and 100, you need to break it into twenty and name their number and remainder. For example: 33 is twenty-thirteen, and 78 is three-twenty-eighteen.
11. Words familiar to us from childhood in Georgia have different meanings to which we are accustomed. “Mama” in Georgian is dad, “deda” is mom, “bebia” is grandmother, “babua” or “papa” is grandfather.
12. In the Georgian language there is no sound “f”, and in borrowed words this sound is replaced by the sound “p” with a strong aspiration. Russian Federation in Georgian it will sound like: “Rusetis Pederatsia”.
13. According to economist Kennan Eric Scott of the Washington Institute, at the time Soviet Union Georgians supplied 95% of tea and 97% of tobacco to Soviet counters. The lion's share of citrus fruits (95%) also went to the regions of the USSR from Georgia.
14. On the territory of Georgia in 1991, they found the remains of Dmanisian hominids, originally called Homo georgicus. They are almost 2 million years old (1 million 770,000). They were given the names Zezva and Mzia.
15. It is customary to eat kebabs and khinkali in Georgia with your hands.
16. Despite the fact that in Georgia it is traditional high level homophobia, the level of tactile contact between Georgian men is very high. While walking, they can hold hands, sitting in coffee shops - touch each other.
17. In everyday communication, Georgians use words that for some reason they consider Russian, although for us they will not always be clear. Georgians call slippers chusts, wallpapers - trellises, beans - lobio, everything that is worn above the waist is often called a T-shirt, and sneakers are called botas.
18. Georgians are rightfully proud of their wine. It began to be produced here 7,000 years ago, and today there are 500 varieties of cultivated grapes in Georgia. Every year the country hosts the Rtveli grape harvest festival.
19. Georgians are known for their hospitality. The guest in the house is more important than the host. Therefore, it is not customary to take off shoes in Georgian houses.
20. Georgians are known for their love of long toasts, but not everyone knows that it is not customary to make toasts when Georgians drink beer.
Illustrations: Niko Pirosmani
No matter how society changes over time, the cultural heritage persists - and the more traditional norms remain in daily use, the more exotic modern people it seems the behavior of the bearers of these traditions. To the residents of the capital, the Caucasian rules of conduct seem cumbersome and complicated, but it must be borne in mind that they have been formed for centuries as a manifestation of their own dignity and were created to prevent conflicts. In Georgia, the greeting is built in such a way as to show respect for the interlocutor and in no case cause an accidental offense.
What they say and how they behave when greeting
A mandatory element of greeting in Georgia and throughout the Caucasus region is a handshake. This is both a symbol of your recognition in the interlocutor of a respected and worthy person, and a demonstration of trust, and an expression of your own honor. Not to shake the outstretched hand means to inflict the gravest insult and demonstrate one's deep dislike.
The younger one always comes up to greet and gives his hand first, then taking a step back. Traditions require keeping a distance between interlocutors - about a meter in the case of two men, two meters in the case of a man and a woman, and about seventy centimeters for a conversation between women. If the greeting takes place in the room where they were sitting before, they greet the newcomer while standing, showing him their respect.
Georgians say “Gamarjoba” when greeting, which means “I wish you victory!” - this is a greeting from generation to generation of a man by a man, characterizing him as a worthy and glorious warrior. If you are just walking along the street and see how your friend raised his hand to his head, greeting you, repeat his gesture, but in no case take off your hat. The headdress for the inhabitants of Georgia is a symbol of human dignity, therefore, by removing it, you demonstrate disrespect for yourself. If you see that someone you know is walking behind you, stop and wait for him for a proper greeting.
Feminine features of greeting in Georgia
The rules of etiquette are different for men to communicate with each other and with women. In Georgia, women never offer their hand or touch it when greeting - the only exception may be between relatives. Kisses on the cheek at a meeting are also unacceptable. According to tradition, not allowing any contact with men, a woman defends her honor and the honor of her family. If, upon meeting, a man passes by a woman, he must leave her behind. right hand Push. If a woman passes by a sitting acquaintance, his task is to rise and greet her, but at the same time she should not come too close to him. These conventions are associated primarily with the status of women in society, which, on the one hand, is traditionally lower than men's, and on the other hand, the higher the more worthy a woman behaves.
