How is the morphological analysis of the adjective. How to do and what is morphological parsing of a word

Adjective parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative). Morphological features:
	A	Permanent morphological features: rank by value (qualitative, relative, possessive).
	B	Variable morphological features:
		1	only for quality adjectives:
			a) degree of comparison (positive, comparative, excellent); b) full or short form;
		2	number, gender (singular), case.
III	Role in the proposal(what part of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence).

Examples of parsing adjectives

After swimming, we lay on the sand, hot from the southern sun.(Nagibin).

(On the) hot (sand)

Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (on the sand) what?
N. f. - hot.
hotter) and short form ( hot);
B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in a positive degree, in full form, in the singular, masculine, prepositional.

(From) southern (sun)

Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) what?
N. f. - southern.
A) Permanent morphological features: relative adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter, genitive.
It plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).

Good

Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (country) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Permanent morphological features: a qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison better) and short form ( good);
B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in a positive degree, in a short form, in the singular, feminine.

better

Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Permanent morphological features: a qualitative adjective; quality adjective; there are degrees of comparison better), short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological features: used in a comparative degree (simple form).
In the sentence, it plays the role of the nominal part of the predicate.

Not answering his sister's words, Nikifor shrugged his shoulders and shrugged his shoulders.(Melnikov-Pechersky).

(on the) sisters (words)

Adjective; indicates a sign of an object, answers a question (words) whose?
N. f. - sisters.
A) Permanent morphological features: possessive adjective;
B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the plural, accusative.
It plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

Exercise for the topic “3.3.4. Morphological analysis of adjectives

3.3.1. The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives

Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
Permanent signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
Non-permanent signs: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (singular).

syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in the feminine gender - these are its inconstant features.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisheavenly(azure) - adj.

Azure(which?) heavenly. N. f.- heavenly.
Post - relative; non-post. - in them. pad. units h. R.
Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Disassemble 2-3 adjectives in writing.

Quietly evening shadows in the blue fall snow. (A. Blok.)
The frosty breath of the blizzard is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have a figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and gender. Make a morphological analysis of three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is the month of big light snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly, at night, the trees will whisper, whisper: something is going on in the forest. By morning it will become clear: the real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest ut .. null in other tormented snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, humbly bowing those yellow heads, mournful white trees froze.

designer morphemic analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures swooped in and ran into the forest. They ra (s, ss) ate over stumps and knots, climbed up fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

everywhere or everywhere

Either a squirrel or a bunny sits on a stump. He folded his white paws on a white paunch, is silent and looks at the white forest. On a stone near the river (?) ki, white Alyonushka: she folded her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek (?) Ku with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

Here is the werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig (?) lump, powdered with snow.

noun gate

Polar bears and snowy owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. And then the wind will blow - remember your name!

see word parsing

303 . Write off. Above adjectives, indicate their rank by value. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives of any group.

adverbs as part of speech

Hare trace, hare character, hare brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolf appetite, wolf lair; fox hole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word parsing

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a beautiful and furious world” (see “Literature. Grade 6”) write out all the adjectives. Disassemble two qualitative and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing

An obligatory part of the school curriculum in the Russian language is the morphological analysis of other parts of speech. Students begin to get acquainted with him in elementary school, and up to high school, such tasks are often encountered.

Definition

Morphological analysis is the definition of which part of speech the lexical unit under consideration belongs to, and a description of its main features.

This type of assignment presents a certain difficulty for schoolchildren for a number of reasons:

Lack of clear ideas about parts of speech or complete / partial ignorance of how one part of speech differs from another.
The need to memorize a large amount of morphological features associated with each part of speech.
The need, in addition to morphology, to determine also the syntactic role of the word in the sentence, since this requires knowledge of the members of the sentence, which children often confuse with parts of speech.

Thus, this is a universal tool for training several rather extensive sections of the theory of the Russian language at once, so they do not refuse it, even despite its too scientific nature and complete lack of demand in later life.

What is morphology

The merits of this task are easy to see in any example.

For characterization by morphological features, you will need:

determine the conjugation;
name the species
specify a reflexive verb or non-reflexive;
mood;
determine the number (at any time);
if necessary, name the time, person and gender;
characterize the syntactic role in the sentence.

In other words, you need to know everything about the verb, its types, conjugations, moods.

Morphological analysis is a unique synthetic task that trains all topics at the same time. It easily allows you to identify gaps in the knowledge of the student and indicates which topic was understudied or forgotten at one time.

The system of teaching the Russian language in our country is based on the gradual complication of the material and the expansion of already formed ideas about the parts of speech.

So, in elementary school, children learn what a noun, verb, and adjective are, what questions each of these parts of speech answers, and what their role is in a sentence. For several years, these themes have been firmly fixed and honed. In parallel, children learn about conjugations and declensions, learn to correctly identify them. And only after that they begin to learn how to make a morphological analysis.

Its elements can be introduced already in the 4th grade. What is the morphological analysis of the word Grade 5 begins to study and perform in a full-fledged way. In the 6th grade, the guys get acquainted with the analysis of adjectives, verbs, numerals, pronouns. Participles and participles, as well as adverbs and service parts of speech are studied in the 7th grade.

Important! The morphological analysis of the adverb and other parts of speech is not difficult only for those students who have well mastered all the material relating to one or another part of speech.

Obviously, if the student did not understand what moods are and how they differ from each other, then he will not be able to conduct a qualitative and error-free analysis of the verb. In this case, it is recommended to turn again to those chapters of the textbook where these topics were covered.

Below is a table of independent parts of speech of the Russian language.

What question does it answer	initial form	Permanent signs	Non-permanent signs	Syntactic role
Noun
Who? What? (and all possible case forms)	Nominative singular numbers	Own or common noun; animate or inanimate; gender (except for nouns, which have only a plural form); declination.	Case, number	In a sentence, it is the subject or object. Sometimes it can be predicable.
Adjective
Which? What? (and variations in genders and numbers)	Nominative singular h. husband kind	Discharge (qualitative, relative, possessive).	case; number; gender (singular); for qualitative ones, in addition: the degree of comparison; form (short or long).	In a sentence is a definition. Can act as a predicate.
Verb
What to do? What to do? (variations in time and by gender and number)	Infinitive (answers the question What to do? or What to do?)	View; conjugation; returnability; transitivity.	Mood; units or plural; time, person and gender (specified if available)	In a sentence it is a predicate. Rarely can act as a subject.
Numeral
How many? Which is in order?	Nominative	Simple or compound; quantitative or ordinal; for quantitative, indicate whole, fractional or collective.	case; number and gender (if any)	Often refers to a noun and is one member of the sentence with it. It can act as a subject, predicate, definition.
Pronoun
Who? What? Which? Where? How many? Where?	Nominative singular numbers.	Discharge; face (personal)	case; number and gender (if any)	It can act as a subject, predicate, definition, circumstance, addition.
Participle
Which? What? (and variations by gender and number)	Nominative singular number of men gender (indicate from which verb it is formed)	Real or passive; time; view; recurrence.	Number; genus (in units); for passive participles, indicate the form (full or short); for full specify the case.	In a sentence, it is a definition or a predicate. It can act as a subject or object.
gerund
What do you do? Having done what?	No (specify the verb from which it is derived)	View (perfect or imperfect), recurrence, immutability.
Adverb
Where? Where? When? Where? Why? For what? How?	No	Discharge by value (adverb of place, time or mode of action); immutability; degree of comparison (if any).		In a sentence is a circumstance

Below we indicate what you should pay attention to in each case. Morphological analysis of a noun requires a thorough knowledge of declensions and cases. This is where children most often make mistakes.

Note! In the Russian language there are nouns with different declensions (flame, banner), which should be written about, indicating the declension.

Some difficulties may arise with determining the number of some nouns. Remember that collective nouns in Russian (rags, children) always have only the singular form and cannot change in numbers or be combined with cardinal numbers (one cannot say - two rags, students). It is also useful to remember the general gender of nouns (quiet, simpleton ...) and not pay attention to the ending -ya, hastily indicating the feminine gender.

Consider an example: "By yard a small dog was pacing up and down."

In the yard (for what?) - noun.
Beginning f. - "yard". Fast. signs: common name, inanimate, m.r., 2 cl. Non-post. signs: Date. p., unit
Around the yard.

Morphological analysis of the adjective is unthinkable without knowledge of the categories. This should be worked on until the child can immediately name what adjective is in front of him.

Verbal adjectives deserve special attention, which differ from participles in the absence of prefixes and the writing of only one H in the suffix (knitted, boiled). Often (but not always) they refer to relative adjectives.

Useful video: morphological analysis of a noun

Sample morphological parsing of an adjective

“Dignifiedly walked around the yard shallow dog"

Small (what?) - adjective.
Head f. - "small". Fast. signs: qualities. Non-post. signs: complete, Im.p., singular female
Small.

When performing a morphological analysis of a verb, one should remember the exceptions to the rule on conjugations and be able to determine the transitivity / intransitivity of verbs.

When completing a task for a participle or gerund, students often make the following mistake: they replace the form of the verb from which the participle is formed. For example: left - formed from the perfective verb "leave" (and not "leave" or "go" - an imperfect form). In order to avoid such mistakes, it is important to ask the question not “Which one? What is it?” and “What did you do? What did she do? and so on. (not quite in Russian, but problems with the definition of the species are excluded).

Morphological analysis of the adjective

If it is not entirely clear how to parse participles, we advise you to consider the example below.

“I was awakened by the sounds coming from the street through the open window.”

Audible (what are they doing?) - participle. Derived from the verb "bear".
Head f. - "reaching". Fast. signs: valid, current, inconsistent in, return. Non-post. signs: pl.
Reaching.

Morphological analysis causes the least problems. Since this is an invariable part of speech, it is only important to specify the digit by value correctly. These categories must be learned by heart.

Sample:

"In the yard decorously a small dog was pacing

Chino (how?) - adverb.
Sign of action; unchangeable
Chino.

Recently, various electronic ancillary services have become available. So, you can do a morphological analysis of a word online, only for this you need to visit professional and proven pages. In addition, it is better to complete the task yourself first, and use the Internet as a checking authority.

Adjective- a significant part of speech, denoting a sign of an object and answering
to the questions “what?”, “whose?”, “what?”(country cottage, mother's beads, the reaction is lightning fast).

Adjectives change by gender, number and case, but these categories depend on the noun. This allows adjectives to agree with the noun, for example:
in a small holiday village, with a large kitchen.There are no gender forms in the plural:modern houses, dresses, buildings.The nominative case of the masculine singular is considered the initial form; it is this form that is given in dictionaries.

Adjectives have a short form(beauty is unique)and degree of comparison(the deepest, most fun of all) . All forms, except for the simple comparative and analytic superlatives, agree with the noun. The simple comparative and analytic superlatives adjoin.

Adjectives in a sentence can perform the function of defining and the nominal part of the predicate.It seemed that nature blinded him from a single piece of rock, he was beautiful with that rare and mean beauty, external, but more internal, which is characteristic of the inhabitants of the highlands
(N. Abgaryan. Manyunya). In poetic speech, short adjectives can be used as a separate definition:Air oscillates, transparent and pure(N. Zabolotsky. Morning).

There is an indeclinable group of adjectives of foreign origin(burgundy, beige, khaki, mini, maxi, raglan, luxury, modern).Such words can perform the function and definitions(Komi language), and the nominal part of the predicate(peak hour) . Many of the indeclinable words are also used as an adjective.(flared skirt, internet presentation),and as a noun(wide flare, mobile Internet).

Adjectives can be substantiated, that is, they can become nouns. This happens when the adjective is used not as part of a phrase, where it depends on the noun, but independently (as if replacing such a phrase). In this case, the word ceases to designate a sign and begins to name an object - the carrier of this sign:frozen fruits - creamy ice cream; best the enemy of the good. The word loses the signs of an adjective and acquires the signs of a noun (gender, sometimes number).

Adjectives play a big role in the language. Defining a noun, they characterize the subject: they concretize or evaluate it. For example,cool dew, alpine grasses- concretization;ascetic decoration of the house, incredible happiness- evaluation characteristic.

Endings of the nominative case of full adjectives

masculine the only thing number	Feminine the only thing number	Neuter gender the only thing number	plural number for everyone childbirth
Which?	Which?	Which?	Which?
Oh, oh, oh	Aya, -ya	Oh, -her	Yeh, -ye
iron (hoop) bosphorus (marble) native (father)	triumphant (arch) autumn (weather)	big (space) most of her (splendor)	underwater (worlds) expensive (stones)

Generic endings of short adjectives

masculine the only thing number	Feminine the only thing number	Neuter gender the only thing number	plural number for everyone childbirth
What?	What?	What is it?	What?
zero ending		Oh, uh	Y, -i
(tea) strong	red a (girl)	(case) is important about (face) looks like	(winter) snowy

declension of adjectives in the singular

masculine

them. P.	native (father)	iron (hoop)	Bosphorus (marble)
R. P.	native (father)	iron (hoop)	Bosphorus (marble)
d.p.	native (father)	iron (hoop)	Bosphorus (marble)
V. P.	native (father)	iron (hoop)	Bosphorus (marble)
tv. P.	native (father)	iron (hoop)	Bosphorus (marble)
p.p.	about native (father)	about iron (hoop)	about the Bosphorus (marble)

neuter gender

them. P.	big (space)	greatest (splendor)
R. P.	large (space)	greatest (magnificence)
d.p.	large (space)	greatest (magnificence)
V. P.	big (space)	greatest (splendor)
tv. P.	big (space)	greatest (splendor)
p.p.	about big (space)	about the greatest (splendor)

The endings of full adjectives in the masculine and neuter gender coincide in declension in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative.

The accusative case of masculine adjectives coincides in form with the nominative if the adjective refers to an inanimate noun, and with the genitive if the adjective refers to an animate noun.

Masculine adjectives ending in -oy(bay, gray-haired) decline in the same way as with endings on th, but always have shock endings.

feminine

them. P.	Triumphal Arch)	autumn weather)
R. P.	triumphal (arches)	autumn (weather)
d.p.	triumphal (arch)	autumn (weather)
V. P.	triumphal (arch)	autumn (weather)
tv. P.	triumphal (arch)	autumn (weather)
p.p.	about the triumphal (arch)	about autumn (weather)

plural declension of full adjectives

them. P.	underwater (worlds)	expensive (stones)
R. P.	underwater (worlds)	expensive (stones)
d.p.	underwater (worlds)	expensive (stones)
V. P.	underwater (worlds)	expensive (stones)
tv. P.	underwater (worlds)	expensive (stones)
p.p.	about underwater (worlds)	about expensive (stones)

The accusative case of plural adjectives coincides in form with the nominative if the adjective refers to an inanimate noun, and with the genitive if the adjective refers to an animate noun.

declension of possessive adjectives into-y, -y, -y, -y

	masculine the only thing number	Feminine the only thing number	Neuter gender the only thing number	plural number for everyone childbirth
them. P.	fox (bark)	Foxy burrow)	fox (ear)	fox (footprints)
R. P.	fox (barking)	fox (burrow)	fox (ear)	fox (footprints)
d.p.	fox (barking)	fox (burrow)	fox (ear)	fox (footprints)
V. P.	fox (bark)	fox (burrow)	fox (ear)	fox (footprints)
Tv. P.	fox (barking)	fox (burrow)	fox (ear)	fox (footprints)
p.p.	about fox (barking)	about the fox (burrow)	about fox (ear)	about foxes (footprints)

The accusative case of possessive adjectives in the masculine singular, as well as the plural, coincides in form with the nominative if the adjective refers to an inanimate noun, and with the genitive if the adjective refers to an animate noun.

Surnames of people (Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov),formed from proper namesIvan, Peter, Sidorwith suffixes-ov, -in inflected as possessive adjectives.

Names of cities and towns in-ov, -ev, -ov (o), -ev (o)(Khokhlovo, Kamyshin)in masculine and neuter are declined in all cases as possessive adjectives with these suffixes, but in the instrumental case they have noun endings-ohm (near Khokhlov, Borodino, Kamyshin).

By meaning and grammatical features, all adjectives are divided into three categories: qualitative, relative and possessive.

quality adjectives denote attributes of an object directly(light, sonorous).Signs can be perceived by the senses: color, size, size, shape and position in space, properties and qualities, internal and external qualities(fresh milk, high mountains, blue sky, clear air, fast doe, slow reading, jerky movements).

Qualitative adjectives denote a feature that can be expressed in an object to one degree or another. Let's saythe train is fast and the plane is faster; one shirt may be darker than the other. This finds expression in degrees of comparison and compatibility with adverbs of degree.(extremely small drawing).Change in intensity is the most important feature of quality adjectives.

Qualitative adjectives have the ability to form forms of subjective evaluation
with suffixes(weak, reddish).

Word-building, grammatical and lexical features of quality adjectives:

may have degrees of comparison(long - longer - longest);
may be short(high - high, high, high);
combined with adverbs of degree or other words with the meaning of degree(very touching, very bright, extremely shy);
forms of subjective evaluation are formed, that is, words with a diminutive or augmentative meaning, with the help of suffixes, prefixes or repetition(short, huge, pale-pale, clean-clean);
adverbs are formed-o, -e (sincerely, loudly);
abstract nouns are formed (liquid - liquid, white - whiteness, blue - blue, melodious - melodiousness, dark - darkness, welcoming - hospitality);
verbs are formed with the meaning of the manifestation of the attribute(solid - harden, adult - grow up);
can form antonymic pairs(fresh - stale, young - old, smart - stupid);
may have synonyms.

Not all quality adjectives have a set of these features. For example, in the wordsbarefoot, alive, blind, humpbacked, furious, naked, nakedthe sign denoted by these qualitative adjectives is one that cannot be manifested to a greater or lesser extent.

relative adjectives designate a sign not directly, but through an action or relationship to a substance(copper bell, wooden wall), in place (hazelnut, southern port, capital guest), In time (annual course, one-year-old child, tomorrow's event, primitive system), to action (reading room, preparatory department), to face (teacher's tone, pedagogical advice), to the number (double somersault, ternary system, primary production), to sign (former regime, Olympic bear).

As part of relative adjectives, suffixes are distinguished-an- (leather sofa), -yan- (oil drop, hydrochloric acid), -sk- (Moscow guest), -esk- (infant), -ov- (currant leaf, plaster cast), -ev- (combat horse), -n- (inflatable ring, confidential conversation), -l- (fluent sound, rotten potatoes).If the suffix in the composition is not expressed, then they say about the zero suffix. There is a zero suffix, for example, in such adjectives:gold ring, weekday, lard.

Relative adjectives can be interpreted using a construction that includes a generating stem. The general meaning of these adjectives is referring to or characteristic of what is called the generating word. Example:morning chill - the coolness of the morning.The meaning is concretized, varies depending on the meaning of the generating stem, the main word in the phrase and lexical compatibility.(Garden bench - a bench located in the garden. Garden tree - a tree grown in the garden, often fruit.)

We can distinguish a number of relations expressed by relative adjectives:

made of anything(clay toy);
contained in something(seaweed);
destined for something(children's book, sports club);
received from something.

The easiest way to interpret relatives is a construction that includes the genitive case
with prepositions from, for, from (golden key - a key made of gold),accusative with preposition on (annual plan - plan for the year),genitive without preposition(chemical products - chemistry products)or other designs.

A close connection with the noun is expressed by word order: heterogeneous definitions expressed by qualitative and relative adjectives, relative adjectives stand next to the noun(a good pediatrician).

A common property of relative adjectives is their derivation: they are all formed from other words. Relative adjectives denote constant features and do not have qualitative features, do not combine with adverbs, and do not have a subjective assessment.

However, the boundaries between qualitative and relative adjectives are mobile: relative ones easily acquire a qualitative meaning.(iron detail - iron will, golden domes - golden hands).Therefore, the ways of interpreting adjectives change. Good ones are easy to interpret
with the help of synonyms, comparisons. By acquiring a qualitative meaning, relative adjectives can acquire grammatical features of qualitative adjectives. For example,cardiac muscle (relative) - cardiac relations (qualitative) - cordial, cordial, cordial, cordiality of feelings.Sometimes when passing relative with suffixes-sk-, -esk-, -ov-, -ev-not all properties of qualitative ones appear in qualitative ones. For example, the adjective business no short form.(Business circles are relative, business mood is qualitative.)

Qualitative adjectives in terms lose their properties, for example:deaf consonants, flat, round and tapeworms, white birch.

Possessive adjectives denote the belonging of an object to a person or animal and answer the question “whose?”(daddy's car, fathers house).

Possessive adjectives have special morphological and derivational features:
1) possessive declension;

2) possessive suffixes:-ov- (Achilles' heel), -ev- (test's dacha), -in- (mother's spirits, Matryonin's yard), -yn- (tsarina's palace), -nin- (brother's gift), -iy- (wolf tail, widow's dress, shepherd's horns), -ovy- (filial duty), -ichy- (landlord's garden), -achy- (girl's conversation), -echy- (boy's toys).

Possessive adjectives are often colloquial in nature, in a neutral
style, belonging is best expressed in genitive forms without prepositions(the teacher's bag is the teacher's bag, the cook's son is the cook's son).

Possessive adjectives have played an important role in the history of the literary language: Russian surnames and the names of many settlements are derived from possessive adjectives.
Previously, these adjectives could be formed from both animate and inanimate adjectives. In modern Russian, adjectives formed from inanimate nouns are author's neologisms or occasionalisms, for examplecar carriage
(V. Mayakovsky. “Give a car”).

There is a shy birch,
Tailoring the rain-pan:
Already cut from the kidneys
Beryozkin sundress.(N. Somony.)

Without stylistic coloring, possessive adjectives live in phraseological units, geographical names and terms, which indicates their former widespread use.

Possessive adjectives can go both in the category of qualitative and in the category of relative ones:Bear Den(possessive) - bear coat (relative) - bear character, bear walk(quality). Possessive and relative adjectives are easily mixed in meaning. Relative adjectives, formed from the same stem as possessive ones, can be used with a possessive meaning. Eg,father's house - father's house.

Most quality adjectives have two forms: full and short.(strong - strong, strong - strong, strong - strong, strong - strong).

The full form of adjectives varies by case, number and gender.

Short adjectives differ from full adjectives in grammatical and stylistic features.

In the history of the Russian language, the grammatical relations of full and short adjectives are different from the relations in modern Russian. Short forms are considered more ancient, while full ones were formed from the first ones by adding case forms of demonstrative pronouns to them. Initially, both forms, short and full, declined and changed according to gender and number. The only difference was that short feminine adjectives were declined as nouns.
1st declension, this is evidenced by some phraseological turns, which include old case forms of short adjectives, for example:on bare feet, from young to old, in broad daylight, in broad daylight.Full adjectives were inflected as demonstrative pronouns that, that, that or all, all, all.

Both forms of adjectives were used as definitions, that is, they agreed with nouns in gender, number and case. But only short forms could act as a nominal form of the predicate; full forms in this function began to occur around the 15th century.

In modern Russian, short adjectives change by number and gender, but do not decline by case:fast - fast (singular h. m. r.) - fast (sing. h. f. r.) - quickly (sing. h. cf. r.) - fast (plural).

Full adjectives in a sentence perform the function of definitions and the nominal part of the predicate:There was a pine table in front of the hearth. The bag was my mother's.Short adjectives act only as a predicate:That young man was so obliging that he put his hands in his pockets. We are very glad to meet you(According to Ch. Dickens). The use of short adjectives as definitions is a stylization of folk speech, reflected in phraseological units(on white light) and in geographical names likeNovgorod, Stargorod, Belgorod.

When forming short forms of masculine adjectives, a fluent vowel appears in their stems o or e, if the stem of the full form has two consonants at the end:narrow - narrow, reasonable - reasonable.Exception: adjective worthy has a short masculine form worthy.

From some adjectives with a suffix-enn- short forms of the masculine gender are formed on-en-
and -enen-, however, in the modern language of the form on-enen- actively supplanted by forms on-en-: essential - with among the public preferableessential; painful - painfulpreferablepainful, related - relatedpreferable related. Only in some cases is the correct form on-enen-: sincere - sincere, unchanged - unchanged, frank - frank.

Some short adjectives do not have a masculine form(pregnant) less often - feminine, even more rarely plural forms.

A significant group of quality adjectives that do not form a short form:

adjectives big, senior, junior;

names of colors and colors of horses(brown, blue, coffee, cream, burgundy, lilac, pistachio, chocolate; gray, piebald, brown, black, buckskin, etc.);
adjective with suffixes-sk-, -ichesk-, -ensk-, -ov-, -n- (fraternal, cosmic, beggarly, ordinary, efficient, ancient, etc.);
verbal formations(fluent, future, moldy, mature, etc.);
quality grade forms(thin, hefty, etc.);
some vernacular adjectives(naughty, older, cursed).

In full adjectives, the stress is fixed and falls on the stem or ending. Less commonly used and bookish words often have a stressed stem, while common, stylistically neutral and colloquial words have an ending. Many common adjectives in the short form retain the stress of the full form. A small number of adjectives in full and short form have a mobile stress:stupid - stupid - stupid - stupid - stupid, right - right - right - right - right.

Some quality adjectives do not have a full form(happy, love, much)either the full and short forms differ in shades of meaning or in the whole meaning:domineering (strong, seeking to fix himself) - domineering (free in something), necessary (valuable) - needed (necessary), ready - ready, consonant - agree, prominent - visible, right - right, capable - capable, due - must).

If the long form and short form do not have differences in meaning, then they may have stylistic differences: the long form is stylistically neutral, the short form has a tinge of bookishness:Complex, rich, peace-loving, talented Slavic soul. - Complicated, rich, peaceful, talented Slavic soul(A. Tolstoy).

Short forms of adjectives can differ in a high degree of categoricalness: He is stupid. - He's stupid.

Short adjectives can denote a large measure of a feature, full ones - a generally existing feature: trousers are short (to a specific person) - trousers short (style). Also, short ones can express a temporary sign, and full ones can be permanent: Child healthy or sick?(at present) - sick child (a child with poor health).

Morphological analysis of IP

The general meaning of an adjective.

Initial form (im. p. m. unit; if the word has only short forms, then the form unit is indicated as the initial form, for example, glad, much).
Morphological features: a) permanent:

category by value (qualitative, relative, possessive);
full or short form (for qualitative, if there are no short or long forms; for example, an adjective glad does not have a full form, but tired - short; if the degrees of comparison are formed by the suffix method of word formation “higher”, “highest” or if such forms are included in the composition “higher than all”, then the completeness or brevity of the forms is not determined);

b) unstable:

degree of comparison (for qualitative),
full or short form (for quality),
number,
genus (in units),
case (for the full form).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

Sample

Boldly I look into the distance, full of hope, -

Quiet happiness lit up life(Mirra Lokhvitskaya. Spring.)

Quiet - adjective; denotes a sign.

, fast

Enter any word, then click "parse". After that, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because parsing is performed out of context, then several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. Parsing is done automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is for help, not for mindless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service for future reference.

In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically memorize the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on highlighting the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the particular features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic should be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will allow you to understand the scheme of parsing the words of a sentence in Russian. However, it should be remembered that the presence of a text is a prerequisite for the correct analysis of parts of speech, because morphological analysis is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
own or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
declination
number;
case;
role in the proposal.

Noun(parsing sample):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk is a noun, the initial form is milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, in the accusative case, singular (does not have a plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

the initial form is the infinitive (nominative case, singular);
category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
short or complete (only about quality);
degree of comparison (only qualitative);
gender (only about the singular);
case;
number;
role in the proposal.

Adjective(parsing sample):
Text: Alyonushka collected a full basket of mushrooms.
Full - adjective, initial form - full; quality: complete; in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an addition.

numeral(parsing order):

initial form (nominative for quantitative, nominative singular, masculine for ordinal);
category by value (quantitative, ordinal);
category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
case;
gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative);
role in the proposal.

Numeral (parsing sample):
Text: Four days have passed.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(parsing order):

initial form (nominative case, singular, if it changes by number and gender);
rank by value;
gender (if any);
case
number (if any);
role in the proposal.

Pronoun (parsing sample):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from it.
Nee is a pronoun, the initial form is she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive, singular, adverb of place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

infinitive (initial form);
returnable or irrevocable;
transitive or intransitive;
conjugation;
mood;
time (for the indicative mood);
person (for the present, future tense and imperative mood);
gender (for the past tense and conditional in the singular);
number;
role in the proposal.

Verb (parsing sample):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - a verb, the initial form - to say, irrevocable, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Participle(parsing order):

initial form (nominative, singular, masculine);
infinitive;
time;
returnable or irrevocable (for valid);
transitive or intransitive (for valid);
complete or short (for the passive);
gender (for the singular);
case;
number;
role in the proposal.

Participle (parsing sample):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb fall, imperfective, present tense, irrevocable, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

gerund(parsing order):

the verb from which it is formed;
returnable or irrevocable;
transitive or intransitive;
role in the proposal.

The participle (parsing sample):

Text: When you go abroad, you are sad about home.
Leaving - a gerund, from the verb "to leave", an imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, a circumstance of the mode of action.

Adverb(parsing order):

category by value (definitive or adverbial);
degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing sample):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds dissipated.
Above - an adverb, adverbial place, is a circumstance of place, a comparative degree.

Video

Something is not clear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of debriefing in your class may differ from what is suggested, so we advise you to check with your teacher for debriefing requirements.

Everything for study » Russian language » Morphological analysis of a word with examples and online

To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.

Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/morfologicheskij-razbor-slova