Where do the Khazars live. Who are the Khazars and the Khazar Khaganate
Neighboring peoples wrote a lot about the Khazars, but they themselves practically did not leave information about themselves. How unexpectedly the Khazars appeared on the historical stage, just as suddenly they left it.
Out of nowhere
For the first time about the Khazars in the 5th century was reported by the Armenian historian Moisey Khorensky, who wrote that “crowds of Khazars and basils, having united, crossed the Kur and scattered on this side”. The mention of the Kura River, most likely, says that the Khazars came to Transcaucasia from the territory of Iran. The Arab chronicler Yakubi confirms this, noting that "the Khazars again took possession of everything that the Persians took from them, and held in their hands until the time when the Romans drove them out and put the king over the four Armies."
Until the 7th century, the Khazars behaved rather modestly, being part of various nomadic empires - for the longest time in the Turkic Khaganate. But by the middle of the century they had grown stronger and bolder so that they created their own state - the Khazar Kaganate, which was destined to exist for more than three centuries.
Ghost state
In the Byzantine and Arab chronicles, the greatness of Itil, the beauty of Semender and the power of Belendzher are described in all colors. True, one gets the feeling that the chroniclers reflected only rumors about the Khazar Kaganate. So, the anonymous author, as if retelling a legend, answers the Byzantine dignitary that there is such a country called "al-Khazar", which is 15 days' journey from Constantinople, "but between them and us there are many peoples, and the name of their king is Joseph."
Attempts by archaeologists to establish what the mysterious "Khazaria" was, actively began to be undertaken in the 20-30s of the XX century. But all is unsuccessful. The easiest way was to find the Khazar fortress Sarkel (Belaya Vezha), since its location was known relatively accurately. Professor Mikhail Artamonov managed to excavate Sarkel, but he could not find traces of the Khazars. “The archaeological culture of the Khazars proper remains still unknown,” the professor stated sadly and suggested continuing the search in the lower reaches of the Volga.
Russian Atlantis
Continuing the research of Artamonov, Lev Gumilev leads his search for "Khazaria" on the flood-free islets of the Volga delta, but the list of finds attributed to the Khazar culture is small. Moreover, he never managed to find the legendary Itil.
Then Gumilyov changes his strategy and conducts underwater reconnaissance near the part of the Derbent Wall, which goes into the Caspian Sea. What he discovered amazes him: where the sea is now splashing, people lived and needed drinking water! The medieval Italian geographer Marina Sanuto noted that “the Caspian Sea is coming from year to year, and many good cities already flooded. "
Gumilyov concludes that the Khazar state should be sought under the strata sea \u200b\u200bwater and sediments of the Volga delta. However, the attack came not only from the side of the sea: from the land a drought was approaching the "Khazaria", which completed the one started by the Caspian Sea.
Scattering
What nature failed to do was accomplished by the Russian-Varangian squads, who finally destroyed the once powerful Khazar Kaganate and scattered its multinational composition around the world. Part of the refugees after the victorious campaign of Svyatoslav in 964 was met in Georgia by the Arab traveler Ibn Haukal.
Modern researcher Stepan Golovin notes a very wide geography of the Khazar settlement. In his opinion, “the Khazars of the delta mixed with the Mongols, and the Jews partly hid in the mountains of Dagestan, and partly fled back to Persia. Alan Christians survived in the mountains of Ossetia, and the Turkic Khazars-Christians in search of co-religionists moved to the Don. "
Some studies show that the Christian Khazars, having merged with the Don co-religionists, subsequently began to be called “rovers”, and later also Cossacks. However, the conclusions according to which the bulk of the Khazars became part of the Volga Bulgaria are more credible.
The 10th century Arab geographer Istakhri claims that “the language of the Bulgars is similar to the language of the Khazars”. These close ethnic groups are united by the fact that they were the first to create their own states on the ruins of the Turkic Kaganate, which were headed by Turkic dynasties. But fate decreed that at first the Khazars subordinated the Bulgars to their influence, and then they themselves joined the new state.
Unexpected descendants
At the moment, there are many versions of the descendants of the Khazars. According to some, these are Eastern European Jews, others call the Crimean Karaites. But the difficulty is that we do not know what the Khazar language was: a few runic inscriptions have not yet been deciphered.
The writer Arthur Koestler supports the idea that the Khazar Jews, having migrated to eastern Europe after the fall of the Khaganate, became the core of the world Jewish diaspora. In his opinion, this confirms the fact that the descendants of the "Thirteenth Tribe" (as the writer called the Khazar Jews), being of non-Semitic origin, ethnically and culturally have little in common with the modern Jews of Israel.
The publicist Alexander Polyukh, in an attempt to identify the Khazar descendants, followed a completely unusual path. It relies on scientific findings, according to which the blood type corresponds to the lifestyle of the people and determines the ethnic group. So, Russians and Belarusians, like most Europeans, in his opinion, more than 90% have blood group I (O), and ethnic Ukrainians 40% carriers of group III (B).
Polyukh writes that group III (B) serves as a sign of the peoples who led a nomadic lifestyle (to which he includes the Khazars), in which it approaches 100% of the population.
Further, the writer reinforces his conclusions with new archaeological finds, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valentin Yanin, who confirms that Kiev at the time of its capture by the Novgorodians (IX century) was not a Slavic city, as evidenced by the "birch bark letters".
Also, according to Polyukh, the conquest of Kiev and the defeat of the Khazars carried out by Oleg suspiciously coincide in time. Here he makes a sensational conclusion: Kiev is the possible capital of the Khazar Kaganate, and ethnic Ukrainians are the direct descendants of the Khazars.
Recent finds
However, the sensational conclusions may be premature. In the early 2000s, 40 kilometers south of Astrakhan, Russian archaeologists during excavations of the medieval city of Saksin discovered "Khazar traces." A series of radiocarbon analyzes date the cultural layer to the 9th century - the heyday of the Khazar Kaganate. As soon as the settlement was delineated, its area was determined - two square kilometers. What large city, besides Itil, was built by the Khazars in the Volga delta?
Of course, it is too early to rush to conclusions, however, already now the pillars of Khazarology M. Artamonov and G. Fedorov-Davydov are almost sure that the capital of the Khazar Kaganate has been found. As for the Khazars, most likely they simply disappeared into the ethnoculture of neighboring peoples and did not leave behind direct descendants.
The ancient and medieval history of mankind keeps many mysteries. Even with the current level of technology, there are still blank spots in the study of most issues.
Who were the Khazars? This is one such problem without a definitive answer. We know little about them, but even if we collect all the existing references to this people, even more questions arise.
Let's take a closer look at this interesting people.
Who are the Khazars
This tribe - the Khazars - was first mentioned in Chinese sources as part of the population of the great empire of the Huns. Researchers cite several hypotheses regarding the origin of the ethnonym and the ancestral home of the Khazars.
Let's take a look at the title first. The root "goat" in many languages Central Asia means a series of words associated with nomadism. This version seems to be the most plausible, because the rest are as follows. In Farsi, "Khazar" means "a thousand," the Romans called the emperor Caesar, and the Turks understood this word as oppression.
They try to determine the ancestral home by the earliest records in which the Khazars are mentioned. Where did their ancestors live, who were their closest neighbors? There are still no definite answers.
There are three equivalent theories. The first considers them to be the ancestors of the Uighurs, the second - the Hunnic tribe of Akatsi, and the third is inclined to the version that the Khazars are the descendants of the tribal union of Ogurs and Savirs.
Whether it is true or not is difficult to answer. Only one thing is clear. The origin of the Khazars and the beginning of their expansion to the west is associated with the land they called Barsilia.
Mention in written sources
If we analyze the information from the notes of contemporaries, we also get confusion.
On the one hand, existing sources say that he was a powerful empire. On the other hand, the fragmentary information contained in the travelers' notes cannot illustrate anything at all.
The most complete source, which reflects the state of affairs in the country, is the correspondence between the kagan and the Spanish dignitary Hasdai ibn Shaprut. They communicated in writing about Judaism. The Spaniard was a diplomat who was interested in the Jewish empire, which, according to the merchants, existed near the Caspian Sea.
Three letters contain a legend about where the ancient Khazars came from - short information about cities, political, social and economic situation cases.
Other sources, such as Russian chronicles, Arab, Persian and other references, basically describe only the causes, course and results of local military conflicts at the borders.
Geography of Khazaria
Kagan Joseph in his letter tells where the Khazars came from, where these tribes lived, what they did. Let's take a closer look at its description.
So, the empire spread during the period of its greatest prosperity from the Southern Bug to the Aral Sea and from the Caucasus Mountains to the Volga in the region of the latitude of the city of Murom.
Numerous tribes lived in this territory. In the forest and forest-steppe regions, a sedentary method of farming was widespread, in the steppe - a nomadic one. In addition, there were a lot of vineyards near the Caspian Sea.
Most big cities, which the kagan mentions in his letter, were as follows. The capital, Itil, was located in the lower reaches of the Volga. Sarkel (the Russians called him Belaya Vezha) was located on the Don, and Semender and Belendzher - on the coast of the Caspian Sea.
The rise of the kaganate begins after the death of the Turkic Empire, in the middle of the seventh century AD. By this time, the ancestors of the Khazars lived in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Derbent, in the lowland Dagestan. Hence the expansion to the north, west and south.
After the capture of Crimea, the Khazars settled in this territory. She was identified with this ethnonym for a very long time. Even in the sixteenth century, the Genoese referred to the peninsula as "Gazaria".
Thus, the Khazars are an association of Turkic tribes who were able to create the most durable nomadic state in history.
Beliefs in the kaganate
Due to the fact that the empire was at the crossroads of trade routes, cultures and religions, it became a kind of medieval Babylon.
Since the main population of the Kaganate were the Turkic peoples, the majority worshiped Tengri Khan. This belief is still preserved in Central Asia.
The nobility of the kaganate adopted Judaism, therefore it is still believed that the Khazars are Jews. However, this is not entirely true, because this religion was professed only by a very small stratum of the population.
Christians and Muslims were also represented in the state. As a result of unsuccessful campaigns against the Arab caliphs in the last decades of the kaganate's existence, Islam gains greater freedom in the empire.
But why do they stubbornly believe that the Khazars are Jews? The most likely reason is the legend described by Joseph in a letter. He tells Hasdai that an Orthodox and a rabbi were invited to choose the state religion. The latter managed to argue with everyone and convince the kagan and his retinue that they were right.
War with neighbors
The campaigns against the Khazars are most fully described in Russian chronicles and Arab military records. The Caliphate fought for influence in the Caucasus, and the Slavs, on the one hand, opposed the southern slave traders who plundered the villages, and on the other, they strengthened their eastern borders.
The first prince who fought with the Khazar Kaganate was He was able to recapture some lands and forced them to pay tribute to himself, and not to the Khazars.
More interesting information about the son of Olga and Igor. He, being a skilled warrior and a wise commander, took advantage of the empire's weakness and dealt it a crushing blow.
The troops collected by him went down the Volga and took Itil. Then Sarkel on the Don and Semender on the Caspian coast were captured. This sudden and powerful expansion destroyed the once mighty empire.
After that Svyatoslav began to gain a foothold in this territory. Vezha was built on the site of Sarkel, imposed with tribute to the Vyatichi - a tribe that bordered on one side with Russia, on the other with Khazaria.
An interesting fact is that despite all the seeming strife and wars, a detachment of Khazar mercenaries stood in Kiev for a long time. The "Tale of Bygone Years" mentions the Kozary tract in the capital of Russia. It was located near the confluence of the Pochayna into the Dnieper River.
Where did the whole people disappear
The conquests, of course, affect the population, but it is noteworthy that after the defeat of the main cities of the Kaganate by the Slavs, information about this people disappears. They are no longer mentioned in a single word, in any chronicle.
The researchers believe that the most plausible solution to this question is the following. Being a Turkic-speaking ethnic group, the Khazars were able to assimilate with their neighbors in the Caspian region.
Today, scientists believe that the bulk of them dissolved in this region, some remained in the Crimea, and most of the noble Khazars moved to Central Europe. There they were able to team up with jewish communitiesliving in the territory of modern Poland, Hungary, Western Ukraine.
Thus, some families with Jewish roots and ancestors in these lands may to some extent call themselves “descendants of the Khazars”.
Traces in archeology
Archaeologists unequivocally say that the Khazars are the Saltovo-Mayak culture. Gauthier singled it out in 1927. Since that time, active excavations and research have been carried out.
The culture got its name as a result of the similarity of finds on two sites.
The first is a settlement in Verkhniy Saltov, Kharkiv region, and the second is the Mayatskoe settlement in Voronezh region.
In principle, the finds are correlated with the Alan ethnic group, who lived in this territory from the eighth to the tenth centuries. However, the roots of this people are in the North Caucasus, so they are directly associated with the Khazar Kaganate.
Researchers divide the finds into two types of burials. The forest variant is Alan, and the steppe variant is Bulgar, to which the Khazars are also referred.
Possible descendants
The descendants of the Khazars are another white spot in the study of the people. The difficulty lies in the fact that it is almost impossible to trace the succession.
The Saltovo-Mayak culture as such accurately reflects the life of the Alans and Bulgars. The Khazars are numbered there conditionally, since there are very few of them. In fact, they are random. The written sources "fall silent" after Svyatoslav's campaign. Therefore, one has to rely on the joint hypotheses of archaeologists, linguists and ethnographers.
Today, the most likely descendants of the Khazars are the Kumyks. It is Turkic-speaking. It also includes partly Karaites, Krymchaks and Judaized mountain tribes of the Caucasus.
Dry residue
Thus, in this article we talked about the fate of such an interesting people as the Khazars. This is not just another ethnos, but, in fact, a mysterious white spot in the medieval history of the Caspian lands.
They are mentioned in many sources of Russians, Armenians, Arabs, Byzantines. The kagan is in correspondence with the Cordoba Caliphate. Everyone understands the power and strength of this empire ...
And suddenly - a lightning campaign of Prince Svyatoslav and the death of this state.
It turns out that an entire empire can, within a short period, not just disappear, but sink into oblivion, leaving the descendants only guesses.
Who are the Khazars? Please give a detailed answer. and got the best answer
Answer from DedAl [guru]
The Khazars are a people who once lived in today's southern Russia. Their origin is not known with certainty.
Konstantin Porphyrogenitus considers them to be Turks and translates the Khazar name of the city of Sarkel - a white hotel. Bayer and Lerberg also take them for Türks, but the word Sarkel is translated differently: the first - white City, the second is a yellow city.
There is an interesting letter from the Jew of Khisdai (see Art. Jews), the treasurer of an Arab sovereign in Spain, to the Khozar kagan and the kagan's answer: the kagan considers X to be the descendants of Forgoma, from which the Georgians and Armenians originate.
Reliable information about the Khazars begins not earlier than the 2nd century after the Nativity of Christ, when they occupied the lands north of the Caucasus Mountains. Then they began a struggle with Armenia, mostly victorious, and lasted until the IV century. With the invasion of the Huns, the Khazars hide from the eyes of history until the 6th century. At this time they occupy a large area: in the east they border on the nomadic tribes of the Turkic tribe, in the north - with the Finns, in the west - with the Bulgarians; in the south, their possessions reach the Araks. Freed from the Huns, the Khazars begin to strengthen and threaten the neighboring peoples: in the VI century. Persian king Kabad built a large rampart in the north of Shirvan, and his son Khozroi built a wall to protect him from the X. In the 7th century. the Khazars occupied the territory of the Bulgarians, taking advantage of the strife among them after the death of Tsar Krovat. From this century began X. relations with Byzantium.
The Khazar tribes posed a great danger to the latter: Byzantium had to give them gifts and even be related to them, against which Constantine Porphyrogenitus took up arms, advising to fight the Khazars with the help of other barbarians - Alans and Guzes. Emperor Heraclius managed to win over the Khazars in his fight against the Persians.
Nestor calls the Khazars White Ugrs. Among the Khazar tribes on the Tauride Peninsula, in the former possessions of the Bulgarians, Justinian II found refuge, who married the sister of the Khazar Kagan. In 638, Caliph Omar conquered Persia and defeated neighboring lands... X's attempt to resist the Arab conquest movement ended unsuccessfully: their capital Selinder was taken; only the defeat of the Arabs on the banks of the Bolanjir River saved the Khazar country from complete devastation. In the VIII century. The Kh. Waged an 80-year war with the caliphate, but they had to (although later their attacks on the lands of the caliphate are encountered) ask the Arabs for peace in 737, which was given to them on the condition of accepting Islam. Unsuccessful wars in the south were rewarded to some extent with successes in the north: around 894 the Khazars, in alliance with the Guzes, defeated the Pechenegs and Hungarians who lived north of the Tauride Peninsula; even earlier, they subjugated the Dnieper Slavs and took from them "whitewashed by smoke."
The Russian state grew stronger and brought together the disparate Slavic tribes. Already Oleg faced the Khazar Kaganate, subjugating some of the Khazar tributaries. In 966 (or 969) Svyatoslav Igorevich moved to Khozaria and in a decisive battle won complete victory... Khazaria fell. The remainder of the Khozar people for some time still held out between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains, but then mixed with their neighbors. In Russian chronicles, the last indication of the khozar was preserved until 1079, but the name of the khozarian is found in the 14th and even 15th centuries. when listing the various servants of the Moscow princes. The Khazars, like the Bulgarians, were a semi-settled people. In winter, according to the description of Ibn-Dast, they lived in cities, and with the onset of spring they moved to the steppe. After the defeat of Selinder, their main city was Itil, which stood near the place where Astrakhan is now. The population of Khozaria was multi-tribal and heterogeneous. The head of state himself, the kagan, adopted in the 18th century, according to Fotslan and Massudi, Judaism along with his governor and the "porphyrogenic" boyars; the rest of the population professed partly Judaism, partly Islam, partly Christianity; there were also pagans.
More similarly read http://www.bibliotekar.ru/hazary/
History of the Khazar Kaganate
http: //www.russiancity. ru / ybooks / y1.htm
Answer from Yodor Bulanov[guru]
Khazars are a Turkic-speaking nomadic people. It became known in the Eastern Ciscaucasia (flat Dagestan) soon after the Hunnic invasion. It was formed as a result of the interaction of three ethnic components: the local Iranian-speaking population, as well as the alien Ugric and Turkic tribes.
Read more in
Answer from Mikhail Basmanov[expert]
Khazars are residents of the Khazar Kaganate. The Jews were in power in it, and the people were Slavic-Aryans.
Answer from Indars Loshilov[guru]
- The ethnonym "Khazars" (Semitic kazar / kuazar, Türkic geser) means "Caesar", by which the imperial cattle-breeders of Judea, who fled after his fall somewhere to the east, called themselves even under Nero ... So - the Khazars / Caesars were called later, free nomadic shepherds who wore red clothes in opposition to the Vasilevs (porphyry) of the Second Rome; Greek rousios (red) gave in the Russian annals the term "rous" (rus), for the "water" (rus, fans of Trita-Odin)) wore red cloaks thanks to the Khazar tradition. Varangians are called Rus in the annals, given (Danes) by the similarity of the meanings of the words "dana" (stream, river) and "rusa" (flow, river) ... And you need to know that the morpheme "rus", as well as the morpheme "grew" is a polysem that has more meanings! Best regards to the seekers of truth, Indaro. 03/20/2017.
What nonsense. I “turned over” so much material in search of material evidence of the existence of Khazaria, and made sure that reliable information about the Khazar writing simply does not exist.
In the morning, over a cup of coffee, I come across an unsolved crossword puzzle, which my wife “tormented” last night, and in the most prominent place comes the question “Prophetic avenger to the Khazars”, of four letters. “Oleg” is inscribed in the boxes by the hand of his wife. I have not forgotten the school program yet. And then I remember my vision, and how I scalded me with boiling water. Sign, however. You need to think. And this is what my considerations led to.
What do we even know about Khazaria? Even if you skim through the known facts in your mind, very serious doubts already arise about the existence of the Khazar Kaganate in the form as it was mentioned in the textbooks. Everything, absolutely everything that is known to the average statistical citizen on this issue, is based on one paragraph from the textbook, and a map of “ancient Khazaria” imprinted in the memory, which someone completely randomly painted on a modern map in one color.
Today, this version of the presence of the kaganate on the territory of modern Russia is actively discussed by those who are sure that the Jews want to "chop off" Russia's ancestral lands under the guise of restitution. In general, the fears are true. They "chopped off" Palestine only on the grounds that some kind of their Jehovah promised them this land as their property, and this promise was never known to anyone except the Jews themselves.
In addition, what is actually happening now is fully consistent with these plans. Even if there are no plans, but a sane person has no doubts about Jewish expansion. It is forbidden to talk about it in the "independent" Russian media, but you cannot get away from the facts. The plans for the construction of "New Khazaria" are being implemented before our eyes.
But today we have a different task. It is necessary to understand how information about the Khazar Kaganate appeared in world history. We will not touch Pushkin, he just died, and hardly knew the truth about how everything really was. What sources do we still have? Again, everything rests against the "Tale of Bygone Years", or rather its Radziwil list, which today only the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences believes, and I doubt it even.
The Cambridge document, or otherwise the letter of Schechter (by the name of the discoverer. Who would doubt it! A document of such importance the Kyrgyz could not find.) Is a manuscript in Hebrew. Contains a fragment of a letter from an unnamed Jew, a subject of the Khazar king Joseph to an unnamed lord from a Mediterranean country. One of two (along with the letter of Tsar Joseph) written monuments of Khazar origin.
At the time of this writing, the author was in Constantinople (Let's remember this important point!). The addressee of the letter with high degree Probably the Cordoba dignitary Hasdai ibn Shaprut, who collected information about the Khazaria. The time of writing can be dated to around 949.
The letter contains unique information on the history and religion of the Khazars, the resettlement of Jews to Khazaria, the activities of the last three Khazar kings: Benjamin, Aaron and Joseph. Of particular interest is the story about the modern author of the Russian-Khazar-Byzantine war in the Black Sea region, where H-l-g-w is named as the Russian leader, which conveys the exact Scandinavian form of the name Oleg.
Is the mention of Prophetic Oleg in Schechter's letter? Of course no. The one who falsified this "document" was definitely familiar with the work of A.S. Pushkin, and so that no one doubts that the letter is genuine, he could not resist the temptation to mention Oleg in it. Probably, on the eve of the First World War, it looked quite convincing, but not today.
There is one more "convincing" document ... Consisting as much ... From one phrase in "ancient Khazar":
Allegedly, this is a Khazar official - the censor signed the Kiev charter. The inscription was translated as "I READ IT". And can this be taken seriously?
So ... What else do we have, besides the works of historians of the XIX and XX centuries? Aha! Probably, as in the cases of the ancient civilization, Sumerian or Egyptian, coins, brooches, jugs and rings with inscriptions in the Khazar language remained on the territory of ancient Khazaria? Dudki! All archaeological finds in this region have pronounced signs of belonging to the Scythian and Sarmatian culture. This suggests that not only Jews have never been here, but also the Polovtsy and the Pechenegs were not Turks, but the same Slavs as the settled inhabitants around them.
See what scam I found on Wikipedia. In the article about Khazaria, there is a link to a certain treasure with Khazar treasures:
The discoverer of this masterpiece, as expected, is again not Ivanov. Click on the link to find out what comrade Finkelstein found there. And we find ourselves, for some reason, on an English-language article on Wikipedia. Okay, let's not be lazy, click on the page translation, and we get….
This is what the Jews themselves call chutzpah. Proving the existence of the Khazar material culture in the Kuban, they refer to the Bulgarian Tsar! An unprecedented arrogance!
Okay ... What else do we have Khazar? Without a doubt, in the wake of the Ukrainian events, everyone became widely aware of the little bauble, which was previously known only to specialists, mainly in the field of customs law. This is a tamga.
People do not understand what tamga is in general, and think that it is ancient Hebrew such Khazar money. In some ways they are right, since the word “money” itself is derived from “tamga”. What is tamga?
Tamga is a seal that the tax collector put on the bags with the goods, from which the freight duty was paid, so that at the next outpost, the merchant would not be charged a repeated customs duty - tamga. Thus, tamga is not coins, and not these pendants with tridents, but actually paid customs duty, no matter in what currency, they often paid in kind with a percentage of the transported goods. You are bringing ten jugs of butter, you gave one at the customs, and the other nine received the stamp "tamga".
From the word "tamga" arose the word "customs" (the place where tamzhat - tamga is collected). And in Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish and some other languages, another name was fixed - "mytnya" (mitnya, mitnitsa), after the name of collectors of transport tribute - tax collectors.
But it is logical that the seal of the tax collector was periodically changed to avoid forgeries. Merchants at all times were cunning, and they could stick left seals on customs goods as much as they wanted. And if so, then the types of tamga - the seal were visible - invisible. But modern professors explain this issue in their own way, so as to pull the facts by the ears, so that everyone believes in the existence of the Khazars, and explain this diversity by the fact that each “Khazar” had his own family tamga ... Oh, it's not even funny.
Who was the first to launch the "duck" that in the picture above is the Khazar tamga-money, I do not know. I only know that such plates with a trident were formerly called "girls" and served as a mandate, visa, and a security certificate. Marco Polo writes about this in his book "On the diversity of the world."
Here again it is necessary to clarify. Brothers, this is the father and uncle of Marco Polo, Marco himself was still a boy during his journey across Great Tartary.
So that's it. The table is not a table at all, but a lady. The travelers came to the great khan of Tartaria (today he would be called the President of Russia), and he gave them a personal girl, a tablet with his personal seal - a diving falcon. This is NOT a tamga. This is a talisman, confirming that foreigners travel with his personal permission, and the givers of this enjoy immunity. Having presented the daughter to the khans and princes (in our opinion, the governors and heads of the regions) of the provinces through which the path of the Veneti (Apennine Slavs) lay, they were also Venetians, the travelers could count on all-round help. Protection, assistance, and even provision of provisions and pit horses.
Women were also distinguished by the metal from which they were minted. Gold ones gave maximum powers, silver ones gave the owner less rights, and iron ones, many servants had. More recently, archaeologists in Yaroslavl discovered a girl who supposedly belonged to Alexander Nevsky himself. So much for the disputes about the "Mongol-Tatar yoke". The fact that the President empowers the governor with local authority with a certificate is not considered a yoke now. And the fact that Nevsky went to the Great Khan for a daughter (label) is called by historians almost a betrayal of the prince!
And here is the fact that kiev Prince Vladimir minted coins with the seal of the Great Khan, says, most likely, that he received permission to mint his own Kiev coins from the Great Khan of Tartaria himself. Who was there before Chingiz? And Javan himself! The son of Iapetus, the grandson of Noah.
Although by blood he was most likely a Jew. The son of a Jewish housekeeper Malushka (Malka, Malanya) could not be Russian, the Jews pass on kinship through the mother. His portrait is more than eloquent.
The names Malakhov, Malkov, Malkin, and their derivatives, in Russia were worn only by Jews.
And he took the "Christian" faith again from ... Constantinople. Remember, at the beginning of this article, I drew attention to the fact that the "Cambridge" document was written in Constantinople? Now I again draw attention to the fact that Prince Oleg, who went down in history as the first fighter against the Khazar ghouls, and even took death from them, nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople. Now the question is: - why did he wet the Khazars, and hung the shield to the Byzantines?
Well and further. There is no Khazar language, no household items, no tools, no weapons, no documents, maybe on the maps somewhere? And this is a big problem. Cartography in the period to which the existence of Khazaria is attributed (650-969) was in its infancy. I have a map, presumably of the eighth century, and it has a lot of interesting details, but there is no hint of Khazaria.
This is a fragment of the map of Claudius, to see it in full, click on the picture.
The island in Azov is long gone. The Ripean Mountains turned into Northern Ridges, and they are not observed at all on the territory of Ukraine. The Volga is quite recognizable. And the rivers Kuban and Don are indicated quite accurately. Two other rivers nearby, are also quite identified, only now they are very shallow, and are called Mius and Kagalnik. Ta-Dam !! KAGALnik. So there was a Kaganate!
And who says that it was not? Prince Vladimir, among others, was also a Kagan title! But this does not mean at all that at the end of the tenth century the Khagans were Jewish kings. In the Bible, are Jews just kings, or am I wrong?
Aha! Tell me what to do with the Jewish names Kogan, Koganovich, Cohen and Hogan? And the answer is right before your eyes. Kogan is written with "O", and Kagan - with "A". and It is not the result of a linguistic transformation. Because from Persian, “Khazar” (هَزَارْ, hâzâr) means “thousand”, and “Kagan”, most likely, also has a Persian (Farsi) etymology.The words "Caesar" and "Tsar", according to A. Ron-Tash, appeared just from the wordhâzâr. Why not? And Kogan is the surname of the Ashkenazi - Germanic and Polish Jews, and it means ... Lyubimov. In Ukrainian, even now, "love" is "kohannya".
The theater director Yuri Lyubimov, after all, is also from Ashkenazi, and his parents must have become his favorites when they received Soviet passports. At that time, all kogans (kohan) became beloved, and zukermans became sugar ones.
Ask why I was looking for the etymology of "Khazaria" in Farsi? It's that simple. The Khazar tribes still live in the north of Iran, i.e. in Persia, and this is how they look:
And you want to say that these are Jews? No, the guys are democrats ... Of course there were Khazars, and they have not disappeared anywhere. As they were a small nation, they stayed with it. And no Jewish empire called "Khazar Kaganate" has ever existed on the territory occupied by modern Russia. This is confidently confirmed by studies of DNA genealogy. If a Jew ruled Sarmatia for more than three hundred years, how did it happen that there were no traces of Jewish chromosomes left in the blood of the modern native inhabitants of the Kuban and the North Caucasus? This cannot be. We have neither Mongolian traces nor Jewish ones. Consequently, the "Jewish Kaganate" is the same invention as the "Mongol yoke".
The Khazars could live in the Kuban, and their princes could be called kagans, but these were not Jews, but the same Slavs, only their language was Persian, ali Arabic, like the Pechenegs and Polovtsians. And they could periodically rob the settlements of the northern Slavs, but no one paid tribute to them for sure. And Vladimir added the position of Kagan to his titles, most likely because he became the ruler of the Khazars. This is a common practice of monarchs, with each new subject of the federation a new title was added.
Here is Ivan the Terrible, went on a business trip to Pleskavia and Novgorod, and immediately became, in addition to his previous specialties, also the Prince of Pskov and the Prince of Novgorod. So is Vladimir. Isn't that okay?
In general, we get a retreat on all fronts. No language. No writing, no artifacts, no maps, nothing. Not a single clue giving a reasonable reason to assume the existence of a Jewish empire in the Kuban and the North Caucasus. Can there be legends about the famous Khazar Kagans, or military leaders? There is. Kagan Bulan, allegedly the founder of the Khazar empire, but we also know about him from the fake Radziwill list.
And what other Presidents of Khazaria have we heard about? Hanukkah and Passover were allegedly also Khazar leaders. Well, I don't know what to say. Purim is just not enough. And besides them, Joseph and Aaron are remembered. But where did They rule? In Constantinople. Those. in Constantinople. In Byzantium. Again, all roads lead to Istanbul. By chance? No, I think. The true Jewish state was precisely Byzantium. And the true Jewish culture is Christianity with all the attributes now attributed to Byzantium. Well, it was necessary to fill in something missing in history for 1000 years?
For 150 years Jews have been unsuccessfully looking for traces of their culture in Palestine and the Kuban, and they cannot find anything. Why? Because they themselves were bred as suckers. They told tales about "ancient Judea", inspired them that their culture is special, unlike anything else, but in fact, Jerusalem is Byzantium. And Jesus is the prophet Isa, he is Yusha, who came from the East, and began to teach the mind to reason, mired in debauchery Jews.
And they fled not from Egypt, but from the Bosporus to Europe. They fled from the Ottomans. Therefore, in Asia Minor, Arab and Jewish genes are so intertwined. This is where everything fits together.
And the version of Fomenko that Jerusalem is Constantinople, and Jesus was crucified on the shores of the Bosporus Strait, is fully confirmed.
Yes, and the grave of Jesus still exists in the suburbs of Istanbul, on the Beykos hill, which in the Bible bears the name of Golgotha.
Painting of the 17th century. "Rest of the inhabitants of Constantinople at the grave of St. Jesus." The ruins of the Yoros fortress are in perspective. This is the real Jerusalem.
And this is how Beykos and Jerusalem look today. View from the grave of Isa Khazarin (Yushi Khazarei).
The Latin version of the 15th century Bible contains references to the fact that Jesus was executed on the Bosphorus in the area where the biblical Jerusalem was located:
Obadiah 1:20 et transmigratio exercitus huius filiorum Israhel omnia Chananeorum usque ad Saraptham et transmigratio Hierusalem quae in Bosforoest possidebit civitates austri ... "
In the Ostrog Bible, a description of the weather of the area in which Jerusalem was allegedly located was preserved, and it has nothing to do with the desert climate of today's Jerusalem. It talks about cold, rainy-snowy weather! Under Empress Catherine, they removed it and wrote that it was just very cold. And then this paragraph was removed altogether.
This is what Jesus' grave looks like today:
On the sign at the entrance there is an inscription: Нz. YUSA (Khazreti - Saint Yusha), and next to a tablet with quotes from the Koran. For the uninitiated, it is worth explaining that in Islam Yusha - Isa (Jesus) is highly revered as one who suffered suffering for his faith. His name is mentioned in the Holy Book of Muslims over 100 times!
The well-known Old Russian text "The Walking of Hegumen Daniel" contains a description of the Gospel Jerusalem.
In a modern Russian translation, a fragment of this text sounds like this:
"The Crucifixion of the Lord is on the east side ON A STONE. It was high, ABOVE THE COPY. THE STONE WAS ROUND, LIKE A SMALL HILL.
AND IN THE MIDDLE OF THAT STONE, ON THE TOP, A WELL IS CUT NEAR THE ELBOW IN DEPTH, AND LESS THAN A SPACE WIDTH IN THE CIRCLE (in the perimeter). THERE WAS AWAKENING THE CROSS OF THE LORD.
In the ground under that stone lies the head of the primordial Adam ... And that stone spread over the head of Adam ... AND THIS IS A SPRINKLE ON THE STONE AND UNTIL PRESENT ... THE CRUCIFIXION OF THE LORD AND THAT HOLY STONE IS AROUND WALLED BY A WALL ... SAME (IN THE WALL) TWO ".
Daniel's description of the site of Christ's crucifixion fits perfectly with what we see today on Mount Beykos on the outskirts of Istanbul. Namely, - a round stone like a small hill with a hole at the very top, in the center. A crack in this stone.
Now attention! In Turkish, "Saint Yusha" sounds like "Hazreti Yusa". HAZRETI is this ... NAZOREY? The Slavic letter H and the Latin H are written in the same way, but they are read differently: one as H, and the other as X. So "H" and "X" could pass into each other, and from the word NAZOREY \u200b\u200bcould get KHAZOREY \u200b\u200bor KHAZRETI.
Those. Yusha (Jesus) was not any "Nazarene", he was not from Nazareth, but from Khazaria. Then everything fits together. After all, the Bible is so funny it is written that they say that the Magi saw a star in the EAST, and went after it, found the baby, presented him gifts, etc. But in the same place the Bible says that the wise men with gifts came from the EAST. Tprrrruuu! Standing Dawn! We saw a star in the EAST and went to the EAST, but came back from the EAST. What is it like?
Hey! Christians, who will tell you where the wise men came from and where? Everything falls into place, if in Constantinople they saw a star that lit up in the east, and it was so, this is a supernova explosion, the Crab Nebula, which happened in the first half of the 12th century. And then, 33 years later, Yusha came from the east. Which differed from the Byzantines in that it cut the truth to the womb.
I went to Christian churches, and drove from there priests selling candles and Cahors. And from the doors of the temples he drove the usurers sitting on banks (folding chairs), which gave money at interest. Bankers sitting on banks, this is the original Jewish business, isn't it?
"In the summer of 5500, the eternal king, the Lord our God, Jesus Christ, was BORN to the flesh on December 25. The circle of the Sun is then 13, the Moon is 10, indict of the 15th, on a weekly day at the 7th hour of the day" (Paleya, sheet 275, turnover).
“The third kingdom of Tiberius Caesar. In the summer of 5515 Augustus, Caesarea took over the kingdom of Tivirius, son of Kauli, and reigned in Rome for 23 years. With this, the great coward was swift and ruin, 13 hails even to the ground was crushed. In the 15th year of Christ FROM IVANNA IN JORDANS RETS, 30 years of age of his month of January on the 6th day at the 7th hour of the days of indicta 15th circle of the Sun 3 nameless fingers. And from that time I chose a disciple 12 for myself, and began to work miracles, and after baptism I was on earth for 3 years until my holy passion. With this Tiviria was also the SAVED PASSION AND RESURRECTION of our Lord Jesus Christ. Years in the 18th summer of the kingdoms [a] of Tiviriev, our Lord Jesus Christ of salvation for the sake of man suffered in the summer of 5530 March on day 30, on Friday at 6th hour days, indicta 3, circle Sun 7, Moon 14, and Easter as a Jew "(Paleya, sheet 256, reverse, sheet 257).
And then, when the Muslims learned about what the Jews had done with their beloved prophet Isa, they went to Jerusalem - Constantinople in war, and everyone who participated was taken away without joking, as they can. But most of the bankers managed to collect 40 tons of gold, and fled to Spain - Iberia, and the Rhine. The first became Sephardic, the second Ashkenazi. Now you understand the roots of the mutual hatred of Jews and Arabs, which smolders at the genetic level?
Probably, this is not all that I wanted to say about the Khazars. Yes, definitely not all. But this is not treatise, not a dissertation, just thoughts. To put an end to the matter, which can only be stopped, but not completed, I will express a couple more considerations.
It seems to me that modern Cossacks are also Khazars. No wonder they were called "kazarva" among the people! And the northern goose - the goose also got its name from the Khazars. And the hussars are also Cossacks - Khazars. Agile, sharp, tough, born warriors, the first to tame horses.
And not any usurers.
P.S. Unbelievable, but it is a fact. As soon as I posted a note, right there, "accidentally" came across a picture with a font that I instantly recognized! Rune-hieroglyphs from the newspaper with a photo of Erdogan in my extra film!
Do you know what this "scribble" is?
This is a Mongolian letter! That's what it is!
The Khazars are one of the nomadic, warlike tribes that lived in ancient times on the territory of modern southern Russia.
Gradually, the Khazars seized vast territories from the Black Sea to the Lower Volga region and turned into a strong state - the Khazar Khaganate.
It acquired the greatest power approximately in the 7th-10th centuries of our era. The capital of the state was the city of Itil at the mouth of the Volga, not far from the present city of Astrakhan.
What do we know about the Khazars
Everything that we know about the Khazars today is just the hypotheses of scientists different countries... They rely on a few written and archaeological sources. These are mainly Western European and Arabic documents and chronicles.
The etymology of the word "Khazars" itself does not have an unambiguous interpretation. According to some reports, the Khazars were a nomadic Turkic-speaking people, or a union of Turkic tribes, headed by the ruler - the kagan.
But as it expanded, the Khazar Kaganate began to include numerous nationalities in its composition. They all spoke in different languages, had different beliefs. Islam, Christianity, Judaism, paganism - all these religions flourished here.
According to fragmentary information, it is assumed that the kagan himself with his heirs converted to Judaism around the 8th century. Be that as it may, the Khazar Kaganate became famous for its religious tolerance.
Some sources report cases where residents adhered to three religions at the same time. Gradually, the Khazars created a prosperous state.
They fought a lot, were skilled diplomats, and successfully carried on international trade. And yet, in the 10th century, Khazaria fell into decay. The decisive role in this was played by the Old Russian state.
First, the Novgorod prince Svyatoslav Igorevich defeated the Khazar army in 965. Later, Prince Vladimir again goes on a campaign against Khazaria and imposes a tribute on it. Further information about the state becomes fragmentary and gradually disappears.
Brief chronicle of the Khazars
- 626g. - the Turkic-Khazar army captures Derbent.
- 650g. - the Khazars gain independence.
- 700g. - the first mention in Western European literature.
- VIII century. - Arab-Khazar wars. The capital is in the city of Itil.
- 859g. - Khazars take tribute from Slavic tribes.
- 861g. - Constantine (St. Cyril) baptizes the Khazars.
- 965g. - the defeat of the Khazar army by Svyatoslav.
- XIII century - the Khazars are conquered by the Mongols.
The short but vivid history of Khazaria disturbs the minds of scientists and writers, in many respects remains a mystery. It is no coincidence that the classic of European literature Milorad Pavich simply called one of his bizarre works “The Khazar Dictionary”.
