Why do we need biology examples. What is biology for? What professions do biology need? The role of biology in human life

Everything related to life on Earth is a part of biology, which is the study of life. Why is biology needed? This science touches on many aspects of human existence, there is a huge number of professions that in one way or another affect this fundamental science. This list includes career advancements and a limitless number of employment options.

Biological sciences

Why is biology needed? - one of the broadest and most important areas in the world today. Biology covers everything from molecular studies of life processes to animal studies and What can you do with a biology degree? Depending on individual interests and preferences, you can choose any profession you like in such areas as healthcare, medicine, environment, education, biotechnology, forensics, politics and many others.

Why study biology?

What is biology for? Learning it teaches you to ask questions, make comments, evaluate evidence, and solve problems. Biologists will learn how living things interact with each other, what they are made of and how they develop. They study evolution, natural history and protection of rare plant and animal species, as well as study the interactions of living organisms with light, the environment and with each other.

What do biologists do?

Biologists study the natural world using the latest scientific technologies, tools and methods, both in the laboratory and in the natural environment, to understand how living systems work. Why do they need biology? Many work in exotic locations around the world, and what they discover has practical applications for solving specific problems. Biologists are developing public health campaigns to fight diseases such as tuberculosis, AIDS, cancer and heart disease. Their mission is also to prevent the spread of rare, incurable diseases such as the infamous Ebola virus.

What professions do biology need?

Where is biology needed? Knowing biology can lead to a career in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, or medical research. These industries help to better understand the natural world, address personal well-being, and address environmental degradation that threatens human health and the depletion of natural and food supplies.

Veterinarians treating sick and injured animals, doctors, dentists, nurses and other healthcare professionals support the overall health and well-being of their patients. Many of these professions require additional education and training. In the field of nature management and environmental protection, biologists are engaged in solving environmental problems and preserving natural diversity for future generations.

You start studying biology (from the Greek words "bios" - life and "logos" - teaching).

Biology - the science of life, about living organisms living on Earth (Fig. 1). Living organisms on our planet are very diverse. This is a person, and animals, and plants, and fungi, and bacteria. Scientists have more than 3.5 million species of living organisms. They live on land, in water, in the air. The area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of life is a special shell of the Earth - the biosphere (from the Greek words "bios" - life and "sphere" - a ball) (Fig. 2).

Figure: 1. Biological disciplines

Figure: 2. Biosphere - the area of \u200b\u200bdistribution of life

The biosphere includes the lower atmosphere, hydrosphere, soil, and the upper layer of the lithosphere.

The upper limit of the spread of life is determined by the ozone screen - a thin layer of ozone gas at an altitude of 15-20 km. It traps ultraviolet rays of the sun that are destructive for living organisms. In the oceans, living organisms are found at the bottom of depressions even at a depth of 10-11 km. In the lithosphere, life (bacteria) in places penetrates to a depth of three or more kilometers.

Biology studies the structure and activity of living organisms, their diversity, the laws of historical and individual development.

All living organisms are closely related to each other and to the environment. Living organisms affect the environment, and their existence depends on the conditions of this environment. The branch of biology that studies the relationship of organisms with each other and with their environment is called ecology (from the Greek words "oikos" - house, dwelling, homeland and "logos").

Biology is closely related to many aspects of human practice - agriculture, various industries, medicine (Fig. 3).

Figure: 3. The importance of biology

The successful development of agriculture now largely depends on breeder biologists who are engaged in improving existing and creating new varieties of cultivated plants and breeds of domestic animals.

Thanks to the achievements of biology, the microbiological industry was created and is successfully developing. For example, kefir, yogurt, yoghurts, cheeses, kvass and many other products are obtained by a person through the activity of certain types of fungi and bacteria. With the help of modern biotechnology, enterprises produce medicines, vitamins, highly effective feed additives for farm animals, microbiological plant protection products from pests and diseases, bacterial fertilizers, as well as preparations for the needs of the food, textile, chemical and other industries and for scientific purposes.

Knowledge of the laws of biology helps to treat and prevent human diseases.

Every year a person uses natural resources more and more. The powerful technology possessed by people is transforming the world so quickly that now there are almost no corners with untouched nature left on Earth.

To maintain normal conditions for human life, it is necessary to restore the destroyed natural environment. This can only be done by people who are well aware of the laws of nature. Knowledge of biology helps to solve the problem of preserving and improving living conditions on our planet.

New concepts

Biology. Biosphere. Ecology

Questions

1. What does biology study?
2. What is called the biosphere?
3. How important is biology?
4. Why study biology?
5. What does ecology study?

Think

Why do they believe that the role of biology in human life in the XXI century. will increase?

Tasks

Ask your parents and acquaintances their opinion about the importance of biology in the life of a modern person. Prepare a report containing specific examples of how biological knowledge is used in everyday life.

Biology is the science of life, of organisms that exist on Earth. It got its name from the Greek words that are known to everyone: "bios" - life; "Logos" is science. Objects of study of biology are found everywhere: in cities, steppes, forests, mountains, swamps and even arid deserts. Countless plants exist not only on land but also in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and ponds. Even the Arctic and Antarctica have their own flora and fauna.

The role of biology in human life

Everyone knows that plants not only saturate the air with invaluable oxygen, which is necessary for the breathing of all life on the planet, but also take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Do not overestimate the importance of biology in the food industry, because everything we have is due to nature. Wheat alone is used to make bread, various confectionery sweets, pasta and cereals. In addition, man uses any part of the plant. For example, in legumes, seeds are edible. Garden trees and shrubs, as well as many vegetable crops, bear delicious fruit. Carrots, turnips, radishes, and beets are sown for the roots. Various dishes are prepared from cabbage leaves, lettuce, spinach, sorrel and parsley. And flowering plants in flower beds, in the garden and greenhouses are bred for aesthetic reasons.

What does biology study?

Today it is a whole system of sciences, which includes the general laws of the existence of living nature, its forms and development. Depending on the object of study of biology (animals, plants, viruses, etc.), it has subsections:

• zoology;
• botany;
• anatomy;
• virology.

These sciences are also subdivided. For example, botany includes:

• mycology (studies mushrooms);
• algology (studies algae);
• bryology (studies mosses), etc.

Zoology includes:

Application in medicine

The practical importance of biology is enormous. Herbal treatment has been known since ancient times, but herbal medicine gained equality among other methods only in the last century. After clinical trials, medicinal products obtained from herbal raw materials entered pharmacy. Now the scope of application of medicinal plants in official and folk medicine is quite large.

The rapid progress of science is successfully used in medical practice. It is the discoveries in this area that determine the importance of biology in medicine and characterize the current level of its development. For example, the study of genetics has led to the use of methods for early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human diseases, inherited. The progress of genetic engineering provides great prospects for the creation of bioactive components in medicines.

Practical applications of biology often overturn the concept of therapy for many diseases. So, thanks to the development of genetics, the insulin gene was created and introduced into the genome of E. coli. This strain has the ability to synthesize a hormone that is used to treat diabetes patients. The same method is used today to produce somatotropin (a hormone responsible for growth) and many other substances produced by the human body: interferon, immunogenic drugs.

Significance for agriculture

The laws of nature are used in solving many issues in various sectors of the world economy, therefore the role of biology in modern society is one of the main ones. The increasing rates of the world's population, the decrease in the area occupied by agricultural crops, are leading to a large-scale crisis in the future - the problem of nutrition. Accelerated production of products will be required.

Wildlife system

Biology is a science that studies and analyzes the properties of living systems. However, it is not easy to determine what exactly is included in this area. For this, scientists have identified several signs by which an organism can be considered alive. The main of these properties are metabolism or metabolism, the ability to reproduce and self-regulate. With the help of science, a person learns the living world around him. But, in addition to the studying function, biology also has practical significance. Compliance with its laws helps to understand that living nature is a system in which everything is interconnected, and it is necessary to maintain a balance of various types of creatures. If you lose only one kind of it, harm will be done to all other links. This knowledge is a powerful argument for convincing mankind of the need and importance of maintaining ecological balance.

Man as a biological species

Another subsection is the field of study of the organism of higher beings. Biology in human life serves as the basis for the development of medicine, providing an opportunity to determine the properties and structure of the body. As representatives of a certain biological species, we need to know the elementary features of our body in order to successfully exist in the modern world and make the right choice. This information will help you figure out how to arrange your food, distribute correctly physical and mental stress, how to preserve your own health. Rational use of the reserves of the human body can significantly increase its performance.

The main directions of modern biology

Knowledge of the laws of existence of living organisms helps mankind to develop new species that are more adapted for growing in a non-natural environment. The importance of biology as a science is undeniable. Thanks to the use of its laws, crop yields and meat production increased significantly, which is so necessary during the period of depletion of natural resources. Mankind is constantly faced with many essential questions: "how to overcome incurable diseases", "how to prevent hunger", "how to prolong life", "how to learn to breathe without oxygen." The answers can only be suggested by nature itself, if you constantly study animals and plants. In the middle of the twentieth century, a separate branch of biology appeared - genetics. It is the science of information stored on a chromosome, like a movie on a CD. She explains what the life span depends on, what diseases a particular individual has, how, by changing the gene sequence, you can multiply some of the positive properties and neutralize the negative ones (for example, modification of soybeans increases yields and decreases ripening period).

Bioenergy

Another type of biology that studies the consumption and production of energy by living organisms. Green plants feed on carbon dioxide and emit, in addition to priceless oxygen, a certain part of energy by absorbing sunlight. These factors of the process of oxygen production by plants were taken as the basis for the production of solar cells.

Nature is the best inventor

Even such ordinary and simple sections of biology as botany and zoology have brought considerable benefits for the future in their time:

• tracking bats contributed to the discovery of echolocation (movement along sounds reflected from objects);
• studying the behavior of dogs made it possible to learn about conditioned reflexes, which, by the way, are also present in humans.

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of biology in medicine. For example, trying to save humanity from chickenpox, scientists had to closely monitor the course of the disease, determine whether there are survivors after it, what changes have occurred in the bodies of patients who have recovered. So the first vaccines were developed - the preventive introduction of weakened smallpox bacteria into the body to create strong immunity. Modern biologists around the world are puzzling over how to deal with cancer, AIDS and other deadly diseases today. But for science it is only a matter of time.

Progress does not stand still

The current growing importance of biology as a science is applied in several directions. To date, improved technologies for determining the structure of biopolymers. A method has been discovered for reading and analyzing genetic information, including the determination of DNA nucleotide sequences. Following this, humanity is on the path of almost complete decoding of the genetic information contained in its chromosomes. This is one of the main achievements of biology.

This opens up opportunities for the invention of new technologies for the treatment and prevention of various ailments. In addition, today the role of biology in modern society is the targeted creation of chemicals with pre-programmed properties, which will allow the identification and manufacture of new and effective types of medicines.

The creation of artificial organs also belongs to the current achievements of biology and medicine. Today, medical scientists are engaged in the production and use of synthetic muscles, presenting artificially grown liver tissue and heart valves.

Biogas

Biology in human life is capable of solving energy problems. One of the most advanced ways to extract energy from plants is the production of methane. It is formed from biomass without contact with air. Many farms use plant and animal waste to generate methane in special biogas plants. With their help, you can heat homestead buildings. The operation of such units leaves a clean environment, and their use requires minimal costs.

The healing power of nature

Man and nature are one. Mighty oaks, white birches, giant pines and spruces, virgin thickets of hawthorn, raspberry, dogwood, black and red elderberry, sea buckthorn and acacia, hazel and rose hips - all these forest tree species and medicinal berries are widely used in folk and traditional medicine. Phytoncides of wild onions, garlic, bird cherry, walnut, eucalyptus, essential oils of cedar, pine, spruce saturate the forest air with a unique healing aroma. Herbal medicine helps to recover patients with cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychic disorders, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, genitourinary, respiratory, secretory-hormonal systems.

Natural remedies for the treatment of diseases allow you to combine active prevention with therapy for a specific disease. Man gets these medicines primarily from plants. Their healing power is transferred to the patient, helping to overcome the disease. A person should be grateful to nature for the invaluable gifts that she generously scattered everywhere.

Every day, the practical importance of biology in human life is increasing. Modern science uses a whole arsenal of medicinal plants capable of providing a therapeutic effect and preventing many human diseases. Further development of the modern world is real only in unity with nature, with the active use of biotechnology. To achieve the set goals, one cannot do without the deepest knowledge of the laws of the natural world.

Why does a person need knowledge of biology?

These are common knowledge like chemistry, higher mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. Do you need astronomy in your life? Hardly, if it's serious. But at school they study it to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe existing sciences. Expansion of the krushozor, improvement of the worldview, if you will. Biology is needed in order to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe living world around us, to know at least superficially what living organisms are, how they live and develop. This is not bad, and the science is not difficult, study and memorize, even interesting.

Biology gives a person an idea of \u200b\u200bliving things, their structure, diversity and relationship in nature. School education is structured in such a way that people can have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat they may face in life. We encounter wildlife every day when we go out, so we simply must have at least a general idea of \u200b\u200bwildlife. Again, so that there are no questions like and what will happen if you cross a gorilla and a parrot or attempts to grow tangerines in Yakutia. Many practical fields of knowledge, such as medicine, agriculture, sports, psychology, organic chemistry, etc., use the knowledge of biology. Biology is not a theoretical science, an experimental science, therefore its knowledge will not change much from politics and ideologies, for this it is also valuable. This science is included in the group of natural science disciplines that are the basis of world knowledge about the world. Therefore, it is worth studying.

Modern man needs biological knowledge to understand his place in nature. You need to know and understand that everything in nature is interconnected and by violating the ecological balance we make ourselves and our children worse. Knowledge of biology helps in many areas of science and real life.

Without knowledge of biology, life would probably end. A very important subject indeed. But among schoolchildren he is not particularly popular and does not enjoy love. But in vain. What does biology study? You and me, animals, nature. It is important for us to know the functioning of our body, what and how it happens. Thanks to this knowledge, including, for example, doctors treat us. Biology is the main subject for them. And if everyone studied biology well, they could know their body better and get sick less.

Biology helps us learn about the world, grow crops and much more.

So biology is literally the science of life.

Knowledge of biology is necessary for a person of any age in order, first of all, to understand the processes that occur in his body. This broadens one's horizons, allows a person to make correct judgments about their physiology.

No less important is the understanding of what is happening in nature with other living organisms.

But for schoolchildren, knowledge of biology is necessary in order to enter higher educational institutions, where biology is the main subject. These are medical, pedagogical, sports, psychological universities. As well as those departments and faculties that train specialists for agriculture, veterinary medicine, nutritional institutes, astronautics.

Biology students need this knowledge for scientific activities, for work on a dissertation on biological topics ...

This is a good science - biology. I remember at school I always looked with interest through microscopes!))

Success in medicine directly depends on knowledge of biology.