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Slide 2
- Blok Alexander Alexandrovich is a Russian symbolist poet.
- Alexandra Andreevna Blok is the poet's mother. Warsaw, 1880. Blok's mother, Alexandra Andreevna, is the daughter of Andrei Beketov, the rector of St. Petersburg University. Soon after the birth of Alexander, the poet's mother left her husband, Warsaw lawyer Alexander Lvovich Blok, and in 1889 she remarried a Guards officer, while leaving her son the name of her first husband.
- Nine-year-old Blok settled with his mother and stepfather in the Grenadier Barracks, located on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, on the banks of the Bolshaya Nevka. In the same year, Alexander Blok was sent to the Vvedenskaya gymnasium.
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Vvedenskaya gymnasium
Vvedenskaya gymnasium
Slide 4
- Blok wrote his first poems at the age of five. At the age of 10, Alexander Blok wrote two issues of the Ship magazine. From 1894 to 1897, he, together with his brothers, wrote the handwritten journal Vestnik. Since childhood, Alexander Blok spent every summer in the estate of his grandfather Shakhmatovo near Moscow.
- At the age of 16, Blok became interested in theater. In St. Petersburg, Alexander Blok enrolled in a theater group. However, after the first success of roles in the theater, he was no longer given.
Slide 5
- In 1897, finding himself with his mother abroad, in the German resort town of Bad Nauheim, Blok experienced his first strong youthful crush on Ksenia Sadovskaya. She left a deep mark on his work.
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- Blok is sixteen, his beloved is thirty-seven. At that time of her life, she was an experienced socialite, wife and mother of a family, rich, pampered. Beauty. Her "bottomless blue eyes" struck the boy outright.
- A valid state councilor came to a resort in southern Germany with children to improve her health
Slide 7
- Blok's mother was alarmed in earnest. History has preserved evidence of how she paid a morning visit to her son's mistress, screamed, clutched at her heart
- Sadovskaya was a year older (!) Than the mother of her beloved ...
Slide 8
- On the same day the boy was taken home. He ran to Sadovskaya to say goodbye. And gave her a half-withered rose. For a long time - almost eight months - they did not see each other
- In 1900, a final, decisive written explanation took place between Blok and Ksenia Sadovskaya. This time she humiliated herself, and in the end, calling the young man a "broken man," she would curse her fate for meeting him. And it was all over.
Slide 9
K. M. S.
The moon is awake. Noisy city
Thunders in the distance and pours fires
Everything is so quiet here, it's crazy there
Everything is ringing there - and we are alone ...
But if the flame of this meeting
There was an eternal and holy flame,
Our speeches would not flow like this
Your voice would not sound like that! ..
Can it be that suffering still lives,
And happiness can take away?
In the hour of an indifferent meeting
We will remember the sad sorry ...
Slide 10
In 1898 he graduated from high school, entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later he transferred to the Slavic-Russian department of the Faculty of History and Philology, from which he graduated in 1906. At the university, Blok meets Sergei Gorodetsky and Alexei Remizov.
- Alexei Mikhailovich Remizov is a Russian writer.
- Sergei Mitrofanovich Gorodetsky - Russian and Soviet poet
Slide 11
In 1903, Blok married Lyubov Mendeleeva, daughter of DI Mendeleev, the heroine of his first book of poems, Poems about the Beautiful Lady.
Transparent, unknown shadows
They float to You, and you float with them,
Into the arms of azure dreams
Indistinct to us - You give Yourself.
Before You turn blue without border
Seas, fields, and mountains, and forests,
The birds echo in the free height,
The fog rises, the skies turn red.
And here, below, in the dust, in humiliation,
Seeing for a moment the immortal features
Unknown slave, full of inspiration
Sings you. You do not know him,
You will not distinguish him in a crowd of people,
You will not reward him with a smile,
When he looks after him, not free,
Having tasted Your immortality for a moment.
Slide 12
It is known that Alexander Blok had strong feelings for his wife, but periodically maintained contacts with various women: at one time it was the actress Natalya Nikolaevna Volokhova, then the opera singer Andreeva-Delmas. Lyubov Dmitrievna also indulged in hobbies. On this basis, Blok had a conflict with Andrei Bely, described in the play "Balaganchik".
- A. Bely
- L. Mendeleeva
- A. Block
Slide 13
- In 1909, two difficult events take place in the Blok family: Lyubov Dmitrievna's child dies and Blok's father dies. To recover, Blok and his wife are leaving to rest in Italy and Germany. For Italian poetry, Blok was admitted to a society called the Academy. In addition to him, it included Valery Bryusov, Mikhail Kuzmin, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Innokenty Annensky.
Slide 14
Creation
- He began in the spirit of symbolism (Poems about the Beautiful Lady, 1901-1902), the feeling of a crisis of which he proclaimed in the drama Balaganchik (1906). Blok's lyrics, close to music in their "spontaneity", were formed under the influence of romance.
Slide 15
- Blok, Sologub and Chulkov in 1908.
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- Through the deepening of social tendencies (cycle "City", 1904-1908), religious interest (cycle "Snow Mask" -1907), comprehension of the "terrible world" (cycle of the same name 1908-1916), the poem: "From the hands of you treated the wolf" ( 1909), awareness of the tragedy of modern man (play "The Rose and the Cross", 1912-1913) came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe inevitability of "retribution" (cycle of the same name 1907-1913; cycle "Yamba", 1907-1914; poem "Retribution", 1910-1921 ). The main themes of poetry were resolved in the cycle "Homeland" (1907-1916).
Slide 17
- The paradoxical combination of the mystical and the everyday, the aloof and the everyday is generally characteristic of all of Blok's work as a whole. This is a distinctive feature of his mental organization, and, as a consequence, of his own, Blok symbolism.
Slide 18
Run, run, child of freedom ...
Here you can leave your comments or write an analysis to the poem by Alexander Alexandrovich Blok "Run, run, child of freedom ..."
Run, run, child of freedom
To the home country!
I'm true to the voice of nature
Be faithful to me!
The vaults of heaven are inaccessible here
Through smoke and dust!
Run, run, child of nature
Space is in the fields!
They are running ... Already the haystones have passed,
All around - fields.
Throughout the boundless distance
The earth trembles.
Run towards the sun, May,
Free days ...
And the native land took
Your children ...
And she took and caressed,
And hugged
And in the vernal distance she rocked them
Bells ...
And, beckoning them to the impossible,
Betrayed again
Fleeting days, troubled days,
Evil days - without time, without number ...
Slide 19
To the Muse
Is in your innermost tunes
Fatal news of the death.
There is a curse of sacred covenants,
There is an abuse of happiness.
And such an enticing force
What am I ready to repeat behind the rumor,
As if you brought down angels
Seducing with its beauty ...
And when you laugh at faith
Suddenly lights up above you
That dim, purple-gray
And once I saw a circle.
Evil, is it good? - You're all - not from here.
They say wisely about you:
For some, you are both a Muse and a miracle.
For me you are torment and hell.
Slide 20
I don't know why at dawn
At the hour when there was no more strength,
I have not perished, but I have noticed your face
And asked for your consolations?
I wanted us to be enemies
So why did you give me
A meadow with flowers and a firmament with stars -
All the curse of your beauty?
And more insidious than the northern night,
And get drunker than golden ai,
And gypsy love is shorter
There were your terrible caresses ...
And there was a fatal joy
In trampling on cherished shrines,
And delight insane to the heart -
This bitter passion is like wormwood!
Slide 21
- The poem "Stranger" was written by A.A. Blok in 1906. It was included in the cycle "Svirel sang on the bridge." It was a difficult, difficult period in the poet's life, many of his poems are imbued with an acute tragic sensation of a turning point. Difficulties were present in his personal life: Blok's wife, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva, had an affair with his friend, the poet Andrei Bely. Blok's "Stranger" was born in this atmosphere of "torn apart dreams".
Slide 22
"Stranger" Alexander Blok
In the evenings over restaurants
The hot air is wild and deaf
And rules drunken shouts
Spring and pernicious spirit.
Far above the dust of the alley
Over the boredom of country cottages,
The bakery's pretzel is slightly golden
And the crying of children is heard.
And every evening, behind the barriers,
Breaking the bowlers
Ladies walk among the ditches
Tried and tested wit.
Oarlocks creak over the lake
And a female screech is heard
And in the sky, accustomed to everything
The disc bends senselessly.
And every night the only friend
Reflected in my glass
And moisture tart and mysterious
As me, humble and deafened.
And next to the neighboring tables
Sleepy lackeys stick out
And drunkards with rabbit eyes scream.
And every evening at the appointed hour
(Or is it just my dream?)
Girlish camp, captured by silks,
In the foggy window moves.
And slowly, passing between the drunks,
Always without companions, alone
Breathing with spirits and mists
She sits by the window.
"Stranger" Alexander Blok
Slide 23
And they blow with ancient beliefs
Her elastic silks
And a hat with mourning feathers
And in the rings is a narrow hand.
And chained by a strange closeness,
Looking beyond the dark veil
And I see the coast enchanted
And an enchanted distance.
Deaf secrets are entrusted to me,
Someone's sun is handed to me
And all the souls of my bend
A tart wine pierced.
And ostrich feathers bowed
In my brain swing
And deep blue eyes
Blossom on the distant shore.
There is a treasure in my soul
And the key is entrusted only to me!
You really are a drunken monster!
I know that wine is the truth.
Slide 24
- The poem "Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy ..." created by Alexander Blok in 1912, is a turning point in the poet's work. Eight short stanzas not only brought their author world fame, but also changed his life views. This work marked a new stage in the work of Alexander Blok, in which he almost completely renounced the symbolism he adored so much, for the first time in his life thinking about more prosaic and banal things.
Slide 25
"Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ..." Alexander Blok
Night, street, lantern, pharmacy,
Pointless and dim light.
Live for at least a quarter of a century -
Everything will be like this. There is no escape.
If you die, you start over again
And everything will repeat itself as of old:
Night, icy ripples of the canal
Pharmacy, street, lamp.
Slide 26
Revolutionary years
- Blok met the February and October revolutions with mixed feelings. He refused to emigrate, believing that he should be with Russia in difficult times. In early May 1917, he was hired by the "Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the illegal actions of former ministers, chief executives and other senior officials of both civilian and military and naval departments" as editor.
Slide 27
- Blok tried to comprehend the October Revolution not only in journalism, but also, which is especially significant, in his poem "The Twelve" (1918), which is not like all his previous work. This bright and generally misunderstood work stands completely apart in Russian literature of the Silver Age and caused controversy (both on the left and on the right) throughout the 20th century.
Slide 28
- In February 1919, Blok was arrested by the Petrograd Extraordinary Commission. He was suspected of participating in an anti-Soviet conspiracy. A day later, after two long interrogations, Blok was still released, since Lunacharsky stood up for him. However, even these one and a half days in prison broke him. In 1920, Block wrote in his diary:
... under the yoke of violence, the human conscience falls silent; then a person becomes isolated in the old; the more impudent the violence, the more firmly man becomes locked in the old. It happened with Europe under the yoke of war, with Russia - now.
Slide 29
- In January 1921, on the occasion of the 84th anniversary of Pushkin's death, Blok delivered his famous speech "On the appointment of a poet" at the House of Writers.
- This speech was the last cry of despair.
- Quoting the famous line of Pushkin: "There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will ..." - Blok turned to the discouraged Soviet bureaucrat who was sitting right there on the stage and rapped out:
... peace and will also take away. Not external peace, but creative. Not childish will, not freedom to liberalize, but creative will - secret freedom. And the poet dies, because he has nothing to breathe: life has lost its meaning for him.
Slide 30
- Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, he was seriously ill and on August 7, 1921 he died in his last Petrograd apartment from inflammation of the heart valves. A few days before his death, there was a rumor in St. Petersburg that the poet had gone mad. Indeed, on the eve of his death, Blok raved about for a long time, obsessed with the only thought: whether all copies of "The Twelve" were destroyed. However, the poet died in full consciousness, which refutes rumors of his insanity. Before his death, after receiving a negative response to a request to leave for treatment abroad (dated July 12), the poet deliberately destroyed his notes, refused to take food and medicine
- The poet was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in Petrograd. In 1944, Blok's ashes were reburied at Literatorskie Mostki at the Volkovskoye cemetery
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Slide 2
Significance in culture
Alexander Blok is one of the most talented poets of the "Silver Age" of Russian literature. His work was highly appreciated by both his contemporaries and descendants. The critic V. Khodasevich said about the poet: “There was Pushkin and there was Blok. Everything else is in between. "
V. Khodasevich
Slide 3
Blok's childhood
Born on November 16, 1880 in the family of Alexander Blok and Alexandra Beketova. From the age of 9 he was brought up by his stepfather - officer Franz Kublitsky-Piottuh. Studied at the Vvedenskaya gymnasium and St. Petersburg University.
Slide 4
Close environment
The Beketov family gave Russia travelers, actors, scientists, and writers. Blok's maternal grandfather was a famous botanist. My grandmother, mother and aunts translated the creations of world literature into Russian.
Slide 5
Appearance
The poet's face was distinguished by strict antique features, calm and clear expression. Blok had big and tired eyes, a beautifully defined, sensual mouth, curly hair.
Slide 6
Character
Main features: enthusiasm, daydreaming, silent, imaginative. Sometimes the poet was compared with Hamlet, attributing to him nobility and idealism.
Slide 7
Relationships with women
For the first time seriously fell in love at 17 years old with Ksenia Sadovskaya. Blok's wife and muse was the daughter of a famous chemist, Lyubov Mendeleev. Despite strong feelings for her, he had affairs with other women.
K. Sadovskaya
L. Mendeleev and A. Blok
Slide 8
The beginning of the creative path
At the age of 5 he wrote the first verse. As a teenager, he prepared materials for the magazines "Ship" and "Vestnik". He was fond of theater, music, philosophy. His work was influenced by the poetry of Fet. He made his debut in the magazine "New Way" in 1902.
Slide 9
Features of block symbolism:
Pathos and mysticism in lyrics;
The melodiousness of poetry;
Mysteriousness and incompleteness of images.
Slide 10
The first period of creativity (1897 - 1904)
He publishes "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" in the spirit of mystical symbolism. The lyrics are permeated with love experiences, romanticism and admiration for women.
Slide 11
The second period of creativity (1904 - 1907)
Mixed feelings can be traced in poetry: hope, despair, uncertainty. Major works: "Unexpected Joy", "Balaganchik", "Stranger", "Snow Mask".
Slide 1
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
Slide 2
Blok Alexander Alexandrovich is a Russian symbolist poet.
Alexandra Andreevna Blok is the poet's mother. Warsaw, 1880.
Blok's mother, Alexandra Andreevna, is the daughter of Andrei Beketov, the rector of St. Petersburg University. Soon after the birth of Alexander, the poet's mother left her husband, Warsaw lawyer Alexander Lvovich Blok, and in 1889 she remarried a Guards officer, while leaving her son the name of her first husband.
Nine-year-old Blok settled with his mother and stepfather in the Grenadier Barracks, located on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, on the banks of the Bolshaya Nevka. In the same year, Alexander Blok was sent to the Vvedenskaya gymnasium.
Slide 3
Slide 4
Blok wrote his first poems at the age of five. At the age of 10, Alexander Blok wrote two issues of the Ship magazine. From 1894 to 1897, he, together with his brothers, wrote the handwritten journal Vestnik. Since childhood, Alexander Blok spent every summer in the estate of his grandfather Shakhmatovo near Moscow. At the age of 16, Blok became interested in theater. In St. Petersburg, Alexander Blok enrolled in a theater group. However, after the first success of roles in the theater, he was no longer given.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Blok is sixteen, his beloved is thirty-seven. At that time of her life, she was an experienced socialite, wife and mother of a family, rich, pampered. Beauty. Her "bottomless blue eyes" struck the boy outright. A valid state councilor came to a resort in southern Germany with children to improve her health
Slide 7
Slide 8
On the same day the boy was taken home. He ran to Sadovskaya to say goodbye. And gave her a half-withered rose. For a long time - almost eight months - they did not see each other. In 1900, between Blok and Ksenia Sadovskaya, a final, decisive written explanation took place. This time she humiliated herself, and in the end, calling the young man a "broken man," she would curse her fate for meeting him. And it was all over.
Slide 9
K. M. S. The moon is awake. A noisy city Thunders in the distance and pours fires, Everything is so quiet, there is madness, Everything is ringing there, - and we are alone ... But if the flame of this meeting Was an eternal and holy flame, Our speeches would not flow like this, It would not sound like that your voice! .. Is it possible that suffering still lives, And happiness can carry away? In the hour of an indifferent meeting We will remember the sad, sorry ... December 14, 1898
Slide 10
In 1898 he graduated from high school, entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later he transferred to the Slavic-Russian department of the Faculty of History and Philology, from which he graduated in 1906. At the university, Blok meets Sergei Gorodetsky and Alexei Remizov.
Alexei Mikhailovich Remizov - Russian writer
Sergei Mitrofanovich Gorodetsky - Russian and Soviet poet
Slide 11
In 1903, Blok married Lyubov Mendeleeva, daughter of DI Mendeleev, the heroine of his first book of poems, Poems about the Beautiful Lady.
Transparent, unknown shadows Float to You, and with them You float, Into the arms of azure dreams, Inaudible to us, - You give Yourself. Before You the seas, fields, mountains, and forests turn blue without border, Birds echo in the free heights, Fog rises, the skies turn red. And here, below, in the dust, in humiliation, Seeing for a moment immortal features, An unknown slave, full of inspiration, He sings You. You do not know him, You will not distinguish him in a crowd of people, You will not reward him with a smile, When he looks after him, unfree, Having tasted Your immortality for a moment. July 3, 1901
Slide 12
It is known that Alexander Blok had strong feelings for his wife, but periodically maintained contacts with various women: at one time it was the actress Natalya Nikolaevna Volokhova, then the opera singer Andreeva-Delmas. Lyubov Dmitrievna also indulged in hobbies. On this basis, Blok had a conflict with Andrei Bely, described in the play "Balaganchik".
A. Bely L. Mendeleeva A. Blok
Slide 13
In 1909, two difficult events take place in the Blok family: Lyubov Dmitrievna's child dies and Blok's father dies. To recover, Blok and his wife are leaving to rest in Italy and Germany. For Italian poetry, Blok was admitted to a society called the Academy. In addition to him, it included Valery Bryusov, Mikhail Kuzmin, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Innokenty Annensky.
Slide 14
Creation
He began in the spirit of symbolism (Poems about the Beautiful Lady, 1901-1902), the feeling of a crisis of which he proclaimed in the drama Balaganchik (1906). Blok's lyrics, close to music in their "spontaneity", were formed under the influence of romance.
Slide 15
Slide 16
Through the deepening of social tendencies (cycle "City", 1904-1908), religious interest (cycle "Snow Mask" -1907), comprehension of the "terrible world" (cycle of the same name 1908-1916), Poem: "From the hands of you treated the wolf" ( 1909), awareness of the tragedy of modern man (play "The Rose and the Cross", 1912-1913) came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe inevitability of "retribution" (cycle of the same name 1907-1913; cycle "Yamba", 1907-1914; poem "Retribution", 1910-1921 ). The main themes of poetry were resolved in the cycle "Homeland" (1907-1916).
Slide 17
The paradoxical combination of the mystical and the everyday, the aloof and the everyday is generally characteristic of all of Blok's work as a whole.
This is a distinctive feature of his mental organization, and, as a consequence, of his own, Blok symbolism.
Slide 18
Run, run, child of freedom ... Here you can leave your comments or write an analysis to the poem by Alexander Alexandrovich Blok "Run, run, child of freedom ..." Run, run, child of freedom, To your native country! I am faithful to the voice of nature, Be faithful to me! The vaults of the sky are inaccessible here Through smoke and dust! We run, we run, a child of nature, Expanse - in the fields! Running ... Already the haystacks have passed, Around - fields. Throughout the boundless distance The earth trembles. They run towards the sun, May, Free days ... And the native land accepted Its children ... And it accepted, and caressed, And hugged, And in the vernal distances it rocked the Bells ... And, beckoning them to the impossible, Again betrayed Fleeting days, alarming days, Evil days - without a time limit, without a number ...
Slide 19
There is in your innermost tunes Fatal news of death. There is a curse of sacred covenants, There is an abuse of happiness. And such an attracting force, That I am ready to repeat behind the rumor, As if you were bringing down angels, Seducing with your beauty ... And when you laugh at faith, That dim, purple-gray suddenly lights up above you And the circle I once saw. Evil, is it good? - You're all - not from here. They say wisely about you: For some, you are both a Muse and a miracle. For me you are torment and hell.
Slide 20
I do not know why at dawn, In an hour when there was no strength, I did not die, but I noticed your face And asked for your consolations? I wanted us to be enemies, So why did you give me a meadow with flowers and a firmament with stars - All the curse of your beauty? And more insidious than the northern night, And drunker than the golden ai, And the gypsy love was shorter There were your terrible caresses ... And there was a fatal joy In the tramples of cherished shrines, And delight insane to the heart - This bitter passion is like wormwood!
Slide 21
The poem "Stranger" was written by A.A. Blok in 1906. It was included in the cycle "Svirel sang on the bridge." It was a difficult, difficult period in the poet's life, many of his poems are imbued with an acute tragic sensation of a turning point. Difficulties were present in his personal life: Blok's wife, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva, had an affair with his friend, the poet Andrei Bely. Blok's "Stranger" was born in this atmosphere of "torn apart dreams".
Slide 22
In the evenings over the restaurants The hot air is wild and deaf, And the drunken shouts rule The spring and pernicious spirit. In the distance, over the dust of the lane, Over the boredom of country cottages, The bakery's pretzel is slightly gilded, And a child's cry is heard. And every evening, behind the barriers, Breaking the bowlers, Among the ditches walk with the ladies Tried-out witches. Above the lake oarlocks creak And a woman's screech is heard, And in the sky, accustomed to everything A disc bends senselessly.
And every evening the only friend In my glass is reflected And tart and mysterious moisture Like me, humble and stunned. And next to the neighboring tables, the sleepy footmen stick out, And the drunks with the eyes of rabbits “In vino veritas!” 1 shout. And every evening, at the appointed hour (Or is it just me dreaming?), A girl's camp, captured by silks, In a foggy window moves. And slowly, passing between the drunken, Always without companions, alone Breathing spirits and mists, She sits at the window.
"Stranger" Alexander Blok
Slide 23
And breathe with ancient beliefs Her elastic silks, And a hat with mourning feathers, And a narrow hand in the rings. And chained by a strange closeness, I look behind the dark veil, And I see the enchanted shore And the enchanted distance. Deaf secrets were entrusted to me, Someone's sun was entrusted to me, And all the souls of my bend Pierced tart wine. And the feathers of an ostrich bent In my brain swing, And bottomless blue eyes Blossom on the distant shore. In my soul lies a treasure, And the key is entrusted only to me! You really are a drunken monster! I know that wine is the truth.
Slide 24
The poem "Night, Street, Lantern, Pharmacy ..." created by Alexander Blok in 1912, is a turning point in the poet's work. Eight short stanzas not only brought their author world fame, but also changed his life views. This work marked a new stage in the work of Alexander Blok, in which he almost completely renounced the symbolism he adored so much, for the first time in his life thinking about more prosaic and banal things.
Slide 25
Slide 26
Revolutionary years
Blok met the February and October revolutions with mixed feelings. He refused to emigrate, believing that he should be with Russia in difficult times. In early May 1917, he was hired by the "Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the illegal actions of former ministers, chief executives and other senior officials of both civilian and military and naval departments" as editor.
Slide 27
Blok tried to comprehend the October Revolution not only in journalism, but also, which is especially significant, in his poem "The Twelve" (1918), which is not like all his previous work. This bright and generally misunderstood work stands completely apart in Russian literature of the Silver Age and caused controversy (both on the left and on the right) throughout the 20th century.
Slide 28
In February 1919, Blok was arrested by the Petrograd Extraordinary Commission. He was suspected of participating in an anti-Soviet conspiracy. A day later, after two long interrogations, Blok was still released, since Lunacharsky stood up for him. However, even these one and a half days in prison broke him. In 1920, Blok wrote in his diary: ... under the yoke of violence, the human conscience becomes silent; then a person becomes isolated in the old; the more impudent the violence, the more firmly man becomes locked in the old. It happened with Europe under the yoke of war, with Russia - now.
Slide 29
In January 1921, on the occasion of the 84th anniversary of Pushkin's death, Blok delivered his famous speech "On the appointment of a poet" at the House of Writers. This speech was the last cry of despair. Quoting the famous line of Pushkin: "There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will ..." - Blok turned to the discouraged Soviet bureaucrat who was sitting right there on the stage and rapped out: ... peace and freedom are also taken away. Not external peace, but creative. Not childish will, not freedom to liberalize, but creative will - secret freedom. And the poet dies, because he has nothing to breathe: life has lost its meaning for him.
Slide 30
Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, he was seriously ill and on August 7, 1921 he died in his last Petrograd apartment from inflammation of the heart valves. A few days before his death, there was a rumor in St. Petersburg that the poet had gone mad. Indeed, on the eve of his death, Blok raved about for a long time, obsessed with the only thought: whether all copies of "The Twelve" were destroyed. However, the poet died in full consciousness, which refutes rumors of his insanity. Before his death, after receiving a negative response to a request to leave for treatment abroad (dated July 12), the poet deliberately destroyed his notes, refused to take food and medicine
The poet was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery in Petrograd.
In 1944, Blok's ashes were reburied at Literatorskie Mostki at the Volkovskoye cemetery
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Presentation on the topic: Blok biography
Slide No. 1
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Slide No. 2
Slide Description:
Biography Born on November 16 (28), 1880. By origin, family and kinship ties, friendly relations, the poet belonged to the circle of the old Russian intelligentsia, who served science and literature from generation to generation. The only child of Alexandra Andreevna. The poet's mother, shortly after the birth of her son, left her husband, a Warsaw lawyer of German origin Alexander Lvovich Blok (1852-1909), due to an intolerable attitude.
Slide No. 3
Slide Description:
In 1889, Blok's mother remarried a Guards officer FF Kublitsky-Piottukh. Nine-year-old Blok settled with his mother and stepfather in the Grenadier Barracks, located on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, on the banks of the Bolshaya Nevka. Then Blok was sent to the gymnasium. In 1897, finding himself with his mother abroad, in the German resort town of Bad Nauheim, Blok experienced his first, but very strong youthful crush. She left a deep mark on his poetry. In 1898, after graduating from the gymnasium, Blok "quite unaccountably" entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later, convinced that he was completely alien to legal science, he transferred to the Slavic-Russian department of the Faculty of History and Philology, from which he graduated in 1906. In 1889, Blok's mother remarried a Guards officer FF Kublitsky-Piottukh. Nine-year-old Blok settled with his mother and stepfather in the Grenadier Barracks, located on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, on the banks of the Bolshaya Nevka. Then Blok was sent to the gymnasium. In 1897, finding himself with his mother abroad, in the German resort town of Bad Nauheim, Blok experienced his first, but very strong youthful crush. She left a deep mark on his poetry. In 1898, after graduating from the gymnasium, Blok "quite unaccountably" entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later, convinced that he was completely alien to legal science, he transferred to the Slavic-Russian department of the Faculty of History and Philology, from which he graduated in 1906.
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Blok wrote his first poems at the age of five. Since childhood, Alexander Blok spent every summer in the estate of his grandfather Shakhmatovo near Moscow. 8 km away was the estate of Beketov's friend, the great Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev Boblovo. Blok wrote his first poems at the age of five. Since childhood, Alexander Blok spent every summer in the estate of his grandfather Shakhmatovo near Moscow. 8 km away was the estate of Beketov's friend, the great Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev Boblovo. In 1903, Blok married Lyubov Mendeleeva, daughter of DI Mendeleev, the heroine of his first book of poems, Poems about the Beautiful Lady. They were like a prince and a princess, but, alas, Alexander Blok was not constant in his amorous affairs and periodically fell in love with "secular lionesses": at one time it was the actress Natalya Nikolaevna Volokhova, then - the opera singer Andreeva-Delmas. Lyubov Dmitrievna also indulged in hobbies. On this basis, Blok had a conflict with Andrei Bely, described in the play "Balaganchik". Bely, who considered Mendeleev the embodiment of the Beautiful Lady, was passionately in love with her, but she did not reciprocate.
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However, after the First World War, relations in the Blok family improved, and the poet lived his last years with Lyubov Dmitrievna, his faithful husband. Blok met the February and October revolutions with mixed feelings. He refused to emigrate, believing that he should be with Russia in difficult times. In early May 1917, he was hired by the "Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to investigate the illegal actions of former ministers, chief managers and other senior officials of both civilian and military and naval departments" as editor. In August, Blok began to work on the manuscript, which he considered as part of the future report of the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry and which was published in the magazine "Byloe" (No. 15, 1919), and in the form of a book called "The Last Days of the Imperial Power" (Petrograd , 1921). However, after the First World War, relations in the Blok family improved, and the poet lived his last years with Lyubov Dmitrievna, his faithful husband. Blok met the February and October revolutions with mixed feelings. He refused to emigrate, believing that he should be with Russia in difficult times. In early May 1917, he was hired by the "Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to investigate the illegal actions of former ministers, chief managers and other senior officials of both civilian and military and naval departments" as editor. In August, Blok began to work on the manuscript, which he considered as part of the future report of the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry and which was published in the magazine "Byloe" (No. 15, 1919), and in the form of a book called "The Last Days of the Imperial Power" (Petrograd , 1921).
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Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, he was seriously ill and on August 7, 1921, he died in his last Petrograd apartment from inflammation of the heart valves. A few days before his death, there was a rumor in St. Petersburg: the poet had gone mad. Such information probably spread from Bolshevik circles and subsequently received publicity in Soviet magazines. Indeed, on the eve of his death, Blok raved about for a long time, obsessed with the only thought: were all copies of the "Twelve" destroyed? However, according to the testimony of V.F.Khodasevich, the poet died in full consciousness. Finding himself in a difficult financial situation, he was seriously ill and on August 7, 1921, he died in his last Petrograd apartment from inflammation of the heart valves. A few days before his death, there was a rumor in St. Petersburg: the poet had gone mad. Such information probably spread from Bolshevik circles and subsequently received publicity in Soviet magazines. Indeed, on the eve of his death, Blok raved about for a long time, obsessed with the only thought: were all copies of the "Twelve" destroyed? However, according to the testimony of V.F.Khodasevich, the poet died in full consciousness. The poet was buried at the Smolensk cemetery. The funeral service was performed in the Church of the Resurrection of Christ. Blok's ashes were reburied at the Volkovskoye cemetery.
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Slide No. 8
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Creativity He began in the spirit of symbolism, the sense of the crisis of which he proclaimed in the drama "Balaganchik". Blok's lyrics, close to music in their "spontaneity", were formed under the influence of romance. Through the deepening of social trends (cycle "City"), religious interest (cycle "Snow Mask", Publishing House "Ora", St. Petersburg 1907), understanding the "terrible world", understanding the tragedy of modern man (play "Rose and Cross") came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe inevitability of "retribution" (cycle "Yamba"; poem "Retribution"). The main themes of poetry were resolved in the cycle "Homeland" (1907-1916).
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And so - I became a poet. Love blossomed in curls And in the early sadness of the eyes. And I was in pink chains For women many times. A. Block
Slide 3
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok was born on November 16, 1880 in St. Petersburg. His father, Alexander Lvovich, was a professor of law at Warsaw University, and his mother, Alexandra Andreevna, was a writer and translator.
Slide 4
Alexander spent his childhood mainly in the house of his grandfather, a famous Russian botanist - Andrey Beketov, in the summer leaving for the modest estate of his mother Shakhmatovo near Moscow.
Slide 5
Alexander Blok graduated from the Vvedenskaya gymnasium, after which he entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, however, after studying there for three years, he decided to move to the Faculty of History and Philology.
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In 1903, Alexander married the daughter of the famous Russian scientist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev.
Slide 7
Alexander began to write poetry as a child, but he began to seriously study poetry only at the beginning of the 20th century. The poet's creative debut took place in 1903 in the Novy Put magazine. A year later, he met Andrei Bely, who became one of the poet's closest friends. Blok's first book - "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" - appeared on the eve of the 1905 revolution.
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The events of the 1905 revolution played an important role in the life and work of Blok. The works of this period are dominated by various elements (blizzard, blizzard). The main characters of the works also change, but women still remain. At that time, the poet was already quite popular, his poems were published in various magazines - "Voprosy Zhizn", "Libra", "Golden Fleece" - and newspapers "Rech", "Slovo", "Hour".
Slide 9
Block writes theater scripts and also acts as a critic. From 1907 he became the head of the critical department in the magazine "Golden Fleece".
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The poet's relations with other writers of this time are developing. He becomes a regular visitor to the "Circle of the Young", which includes artists of the new era.
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At the same time, Blok meets the theater actress Volokhova. The collections "Snow Mask" and "Faina" were dedicated to her. They are followed by the collections "Unexpected Joy" and "Earth in the Snow", as well as the plays "Stranger" and "Song of Fate". This period in the work of Blok is quite fruitful: he not only writes many works and publishes critical articles, but also makes reports in the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical society.
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The main theme of Blok's work is the problem of the relationship between the people and the intelligentsia, more and more works dedicated to the homeland appear, while he combines this image with the image of his beloved.
However, publicistic articles of this period were received rather coldly by critics. The poet himself also realized that he did not succeed in addressing the people through the press, and gradually began to move further and further from journalism, returning to his favorite poetry.
Yes, the night paths, fatal, Divorced us and brought us down again, And again we are to you, Russia, We arrived from a foreign land.
Slide 13
In 1909, the poet visits Italy. The result of this trip was the cycle "Italian Poems", where the motive of death, the unrestrained sleep of the former high culture and its replacement by the soulless bourgeois civilization, which the poet hates, is clearly heard.
... grape deserts, Houses and people are all coffins. Only the copper of solemn Latin Sings on the plates like a trumpet.
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The legacy of his father, received after his death in 1909, allowed Blok not to think about making money on his own works and focus on long-term projects. At this time, the poet completely aloof himself from publicistic activities and participation in public literary life. In 1910 he began work on the epic poem Retribution. A year later, the collection "Night Hours" was published, and later Blok created the play "The Rose and the Cross".
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In 1916, Blok was drafted into the army, where he served as a timekeeper in an engineering and construction squad near Pinsk. After the 1917 revolution, Blok returned to his homeland and became a member of the commission investigating the crimes of the tsarist government. There he is involved in editing verbatim records. As a result of this event, Blok wrote the book "The Last Days of the Imperial Power".
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In post-revolutionary times, Blok again returned to journalism. His series of articles “Russia and the Intelligentsia” appears in the newspaper Znamya Truda. Soon the poem "The Twelve" and the poem "Scythians" appeared. Critics were wary of these works as inadequate to the necessary ideas about the revolution, but they paid tribute to his closeness to the people.
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In 1918, a new stage began in the poet's prose. He makes reports at meetings of the Free Philosophical Association, and also writes several feuilletons. In 1918 he began to collaborate with the Theater Department, and later with the Bolshoi Drama Theater. Also, Blok becomes a member of the editorial board of the World Literature publishing house, and in 1920 - the chairman of the Petrograd branch of the Union of Poets.
Slide 18
Unlike S.A. Yesenin, who most often used images of plants, Blok paid more attention to the images of the elements, especially the wind. Often in the poet's work there are such phenomena as a blizzard, blizzard, storm. The very tone of Blok's poems is always impetuous, rushing somewhere into the distance. There are often descriptions of a sunset painted with fiery or bloody colors. Even the stars do not stand still.
Further, further ... And the wind rushed, Flying like a black earth wasteland ... ... The steppe path - without end, without end, Steppe, yes wind, yes wind ...
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The poet's life itself also quickly and swiftly swept by. He, like many creative people, first experienced a short rise after the revolution, became disillusioned with it, or rather, with its results. The rigid framework into which they began to drive creativity, naturally, did not suit the poet.
Slide 20
Soon, frustration and depression turned into mental illness and heart disease. On August 7, 1921, the poet died.
